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- $Unique_ID{BRK03583}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome}
- $Subject{Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome Cerebrooculofacioskeletal
- Syndrome COFS Syndrome Pena Shokeir II Syndrome Cockayne Syndrome Neu-Laxova
- Syndrome Potter Syndrome (Bilateral Renal Agenesis) Seckel Syndrome
- (Bird-Headed Dwarfism; Nanocephalic Dwarfism) Pena Shokeir Syndrome Type II}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 509:
- Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-
- Skeletal Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS
- listing on the next page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cerebrooculofacioskeletal Syndrome
- COFS Syndrome
- Pena Shokeir II Syndrome
- Pena Shokeir Syndrome Type II
-
- Information on the following disorders may be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Cockayne Syndrome
- Neu-Laxova Syndrome
- Potter Syndrome (Bilateral Renal Agenesis)
- Seckel Syndrome (Bird-Headed Dwarfism; Nanocephalic Dwarfism)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome is a genetic degenerative disorder
- of the brain and spinal cord that begins before birth. The disorder is
- characterized by reduced amounts of white brain matter with gray mottling,
- lowered muscle tone and diminished or absent reflexes. Abnormalities of the
- skull, face, eyes, limbs and other parts of the body also occur.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome was first described in 1974. Symptoms
- of this disorder include an extremely small head (microcephaly), abnormally
- small eyes, clouding of the eye's lens (cataract), and a horizontally narrow
- opening between the eyelids (blepharophimosis). The ears are abnormally
- large, the upper lip overlaps the lower, the groove in the upper lip
- (philtrum) is abnormally long, and the jaw is unusually small (micrognathia).
-
- In most patients, fixed bending of the elbows and knees (flexion
- contractures), a hunched back (kyphosis), and bending of one or more fingers
- (camptodactyly) occurs. Infants with Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome
- usually have so-called "rocker bottom" feet and a groove over the length of
- the soles of the feet. A deformity of the hip (coxa valga) and porous bones
- (osteoporosis) may also occur.
-
- Other features of this disorder include wide-set nipples, failure to
- thrive, slowed growth (developmental retardation), feeding difficulties and
- one line in the palm of the hand formed by fusion of the usual two lines
- (simian crease). Children with Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome have an
- increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
-
- Causes
-
- Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome is a genetic disorder inherited through
- autosomal recessive genes. (Human traits including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
- disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
- defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one
- gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but
- usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the
- children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is
- twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but
- healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome is a very rare disorder present at
- birth. The disorder has occurred in infants of diverse ethnic heritage.
- Affected siblings are generally born to normal parents who may or may not be
- closely related.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Oculo-Facio-
- Skeletal Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Cockayne Syndrome is a progressive disorder which manifests itself during
- the second year of life. It is characterized by hypersensitivity to sunlight
- and dwarfism, accompanied by relatively long extremities. Musculoskeletal
- abnormalities may include large joints which are habitually flexed, a
- humpback, and a thickened and relatively small skull. (For more information
- on this disorder, choose "Cockayne" a your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Neu-Laxova Syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder
- characterized by growth retardation before birth and multiple abnormalities
- at birth. These abnormalities include a small head (microcephaly) and
- abnormal limbs, skin, external genitals and afterbirth (placenta).
-
- Children with various features common to both COFS Syndrome and Neu-
- Laxova Syndrome have also been described in the medical literature.
-
- Potter Syndrome (Bilateral Renal Agenesis) is a rare condition
- characterized by a flattened face with a "parrot-beak" nose, wide-set eyes
- and abnormalities of the eyelids, unusual smallness of the jaw and low-set,
- floppy ears. They have more skin than necessary and it appears dehydrated.
- A kidney may be absent or underdeveloped. Skeletal abnormalities such as
- clubfeet and contracted joints occur frequently among infants with this
- disorder.
-
- Seckel Syndrome (Bird-Headed Dwarfism; Nanocephalic Dwarfism) is an
- autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by low birthweight, an
- abnormally small head, mental retardation, large eyes, a large beaklike nose,
- a narrow face, and a receding lower jaw. Multiple deformities such as an
- underdeveloped thumb, dislocation of the thigh bone head, clubfoot, curvature
- of the spine, eyes that don't look in parallel directions, and
- gastrointestinal abnormalities may also occur. Examination of the brain
- shows a much simplified gross structure of the cerebrum with a relatively
- intact cerebellum. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Seckel"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of COFS Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic counseling
- is recommended for families of children with the disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome, please
- contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- FACES
- National Association for the Craniofacially Handicapped
- P.O. Box 11082
- Chattanooga, TN 37401
-
- National Craniofacial Foundation
- 3100 Carlisle St., Suite 215
- Dallas, TX 75204
- 1-800-535-3643
-
- Society for Rehabilitation of the Facially Disfigured
- 550 First Ave.
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 340-5400
-
- About Face
- 99 Crowns Lane
- Toronto, Ontario M5R 3PA
- Canada
- (416) 944-3223
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- This report in the Rare Disease Database is based on outlines prepared by
- medical and dental students (1984-1986) at the Medical College of Virginia
- for their course in human genetics.
-
- CHONDRO-OSSEOUS CHANGES IN CEREBRO-OCULO-FACIO-SKELETAL (COFS) SYNDROME:
- W.S. Hwang, et al.; Journal Pathol (September 1982: issue 138(1)). Pp. 33-
- 40.
-
- INTRACRANIAL CALCIFICATIONS IN CEREBRO-OCULO-FACIO-SKELETAL (COFS)
- SYNDROME: S.L. Linna, et al.; Pediatr Radiol (1982: issue 12(1)). Pp. 28-
- 30.
-
- THE NEU-COFS (CERBRO-OCULO-FACIO-SKELETAL) SYNDROME: REPORT OF A CASE:
- M.C. Silengo, et al.; Clin Genet (February 1984: issue 25(2)). Pp. 201-204.
-
-