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- $Unique_ID{BRK03578}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, Congenital}
- $Subject{Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Congenital Idiopathic Alveolar
- Hypoventilation Central Hypoventilation Congenital Alveolar Hypoventilation
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Chronic
- Pulmonary Disease COLD Ondine's Curse}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989, 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 196:
- Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, Congenital
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Congenital Central
- Hypoventilation Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the
- SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Idiopathic Alveolar Hypoventilation
- Central Hypoventilation
- Congenital Alveolar Hypoventilation
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
- Chronic Pulmonary Disease
- COLD
- Ondine's Curse
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome is a syndrome characterized
- by a dysfunction of the brain's regulation of breathing. Patients afflicted
- with this disorder have breathing which is too shallow to get air into the
- entire lung.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The main symptom of Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome is
- hypoventilation (oxygen does not reach the alveoli in the periphery of the
- lungs because of shallow breathing). This causes hypoxemia (low oxygen in
- the blood), hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide in the blood), and acidosis
- (acidity of the blood). These symptoms occur during the night in infants.
- The severity of the symptoms may decrease with age.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome is not known.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome usually begins in infants,
- although rarely its onset may occur in teenagers and adults, usually as a
- result of trauma (i.e., accident, surgery, etc. Less than 30 cases have been
- reported in the medical literature.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Infants affected with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome have
- breathing which is too shallow to get air into the entire lung, while
- Infantile Apnea is the temporary cessation of breathing in infants. In
- Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, breathing is difficult (dyspnea), coughing
- occurs, and symptoms usually appear with onset of bronchitis.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Because the lack of oxygen during sleep in patients with Congenital Central
- Hypoventilation Syndrome may cause brain damage or even fatality, monitoring
- of sleep patterns is recommended in people with this disorder. Diaphragm
- pacing (electrophrenic respiration) which lowers pulmonary artery pressure
- and improves alveolar ventilation has been tried experimentally.
-
- Low flow nocturnal oxygen administration combined with use of a body
- respirator during sleep twice a week has also been used as treatment.
-
- The respiratory stimulants such as almitrine and dimefline have been
- administered in infants with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome.
- Dimefline was effective in deepening respiration for certain periods of
- sleep, during which time blood gas levels improved significantly.
-
- Tracheostomy (making an opening in the windpipe) and insertion of a
- cribral cannula (little pipe through the sieve-like bone) are surgical ways
- of treating Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Experience with radio frequency electrophrenic stimulators is as yet
- sparse, but promising. An MK8-Bird respirator and compressor have also been
- used in treatment of this disorder. For more information on these studies,
- contact Dr. William Tamborlane listed in the Resources section.
-
- Clinical trials are underway to study diaphragm pacing for patients with
- Central Hypoventilation. Interested persons may wish to contact:
-
- Dr. J. Elefteriades
- Cardiothoracic Surgery
- 121 FMB
- 333 Cedar St.
- New Haven, CT 06510
- (203) 785-2705
-
- to see if further patients are needed for this research.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, please
- contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- CCHS Parent Network
- 71 Maple St.
- Oneonta, NY 13820
-
- Dr. William Tamborlane, Jr.
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Pediatric General Clinical Research Center
- Yale University School of Medicine
- 333 Cedar St.
- New Haven, CT 06510-8064
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 1380.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 111.
-
-