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- $Unique_ID{BRK03560}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Carboxylase Deficiency, Multiple}
- $Subject{Carboxylase Deficiency, Multiple Biotinidase Deficiency Carboxylase
- Deficiency, Multiple Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency MCD}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 503:
- Carboxylase Deficiency, Multiple
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Multiple Carboxylase
- Deficiency) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing
- on the next page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Biotinidase Deficiency
- Carboxylase Deficiency, Multiple
- Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency
- MCD
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency is a genetic metabolic disorder that
- leads to impaired activity of three enzymes which are dependent on the
- vitamin biotin: propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta-methylcrotonyl CoA
- carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase. This condition results from a defect
- in cellular biotin transport or metabolism. Symptoms of the disorder include
- acidity of the blood and body tissues (acidosis), a widespread red skin rash,
- baldness, and slowed physical development. The disorder occurs in both a
- neonatal and a late-onset form, and is treatable.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency is characterized by development of a
- widespread red skin rash, recurrent vomiting, irritability and increased mild
- acidity of blood and body tissues (acidosis) usually during the first year of
- life. Other symptoms which may occur are baldness, seizures, abnormally low
- muscle tone (hypotonia), and impairment of the immune system. Additionally,
- poor muscle coordination (ataxia), hearing loss and severe nearsightedness
- (myopia) may develop.
-
- Causes
-
- Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder
- caused by deficiencies of the enzymes propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta-
- methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase. These deficiencies
- may be caused either by a defect in biotinidase, which releases protein-
- linked Biotin or by a defect in the enzyme holocarboxylase synthetase which
- is needed to link the three carboxylases with biotin. (Human traits
- including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of
- two genes for that condition, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a
- person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives
- one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier
- for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting
- the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will
- be genetically normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency is a rare disorder. The early-onset form
-
- usually begins during the newborn period. The juvenile form usually begins
- at about three months of age. Males and females are affected in equal
- numbers.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diagnosis of Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency is made by testing the urine for
- breakdown products (metabolites) which indicate a deficiency in the three (3)
- carboxylase enzymes, propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta-methylcrotonyl CoA
- carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase. Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency is
- treated with oral biotin (vitamin H; coenzyme R; part of vitamin B complex)
- supplements. It is imperative that treatment be started as soon as the
- diagnosis is made. With biotin treatment, symptoms of the disorder can
- disappear. In small children it may be difficult for them to swallow
- numerous pills. Larger doses of Biotin are available from Mericon Industries,
- Inc., 8819 N. Pioneer Rd., Peoria, IL, 61615, (309) 693-2150.
-
- Genetic counseling is recommended for families of a child with Multiple
- Carboxylase Deficiency.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et al.,
- eds; McGraw Hill, 1983. P. 486.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1986. Pp. 1134-1135.
-
- MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF BIOTINIDASE: L.P.
- Thuy, et al.; Journal Neurogenet (November 1986: issue 3(6)). Pp. 357-363.
-
- OCULAR ASPECTS IN BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY. CLINICAL AND GENETIC ORIGINAL
- STUDIES: G. Campana, et al.; Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet (June 1987: issue
- 8(2)). Pp. 125-129.
-
- BIOTIN AND MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY: J. Thoene and D. Buchanan in
- Clinical Studies in Medical Biochemistry. R. Glew and S. Peters, eds.;
- Oxford University Press, 1987, Pp. 89-95.
-
-