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- $Unique_ID{BRK03556}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cancer, Prostate}
- $Subject{Cancer Prostate Cancer of the Prostate Gland Carcinoma of the
- Prostate Adenocarcinoma Prostate Prostatic Cancer Prostatic Carcinoma Benign
- Prostatic Hypertrophy BPH}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 803:
- Cancer, Prostate
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Prostate Cancer) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cancer of the Prostate Gland
- Carcinoma of the Prostate
- Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
- Prostatic Cancer
- Prostatic Carcinoma
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Prostate cancer is a prevalent form of cancer affecting only males.
- Cancer is a disease in which malignant cell development occurs, causing
- destruction of healthy tissue. The prostate gland, responsible for sperm
- vitality, is about the size of a walnut and surrounds the part of the male
- urethra beneath the bladder. Cancer of the prostate gland commonly occurs in
- older men. Average age of onset is 73 years.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Men who have prostate cancer may not experience any symptoms until the
- disease has progressed over a long period of time. Symptoms may include
- difficulty in urination (due to an enlarged prostate gland causing
- obstruction), painful or burning sensations while urinating, or difficulty in
- starting or stopping urination. Other symptoms may include blood in the
- urine, or a frequent need to urinate, especially at night. In some patients,
- bone pain can also occur.
-
- Rectal examination may indicate disease of the prostate gland. Diagnosis
- is made by needle biopsy. X-rays and bone scans may also be prescribed for
- diagnostic purposes.
-
- Causes
-
- Like most forms of cancer, the exact cause of prostate cancer is not known.
- Because it is more prevalent in Western countries, environmental factors may
- play a role in onset of this disorder. However, which environmental factors,
- if any, have not been definitely established.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Prostate cancer affects about 96,000 men a year, and tends to occur more
- often in black men. The average age of the patient at the time of diagnosis
- is 73. Men over the age of 40 should have an annual rectal examination.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH or benign enlargement of the
- prostate) can be similar to those of prostate cancer. However, BPH is non-
- cancerous (benign) and occurs with much more frequency than malignant cancer.
- Biopsy can be made to confirm the diagnosis of BPH.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of prostate cancer varies from patient to patient. It is important
- to determine how far the disease has spread since this determines the
- appropriate treatment program. First, physicians determine what "stage" the
- disease is in. The stage depends on the number and location of malignant
- sites, and if it has traveled to other parts of the body.
-
- Surgery may be performed to treat prostate cancer. Other treatment may
- include radiotherapy (radiation therapy) which destroys cancer cells, and
- shrinks enlarged lymph nodes, and aids in prevention of further cancer.
- Impotence is a less frequent occurrence with modern medical advances in
- surgery and radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Endocrine (or hormone) therapy
- may benefit some patients.
-
- Chemotherapy, which may benefit some patients, involves the use of
- "anticancer" drugs such as cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin
- (Adriamycin), cis-platinum, or dacarbazine (DTIC). All these drugs may
- produce adverse side effects and must be carefully monitored by a doctor.
-
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The National Cancer Institute conducts clinical trials on new drugs being
- tested for prostate cancer and other forms of cancer. To learn about
- locations of these investigations, contact the Cancer Information Service
- listed in the Resources section of this report.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- August 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on prostate cancer, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Cancer Society
- 1599 Clifton Rd., NE
- Atlanta, GA 30329
- (404) 320-3333
-
- NIH/National Cancer Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A2A
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 1-800-4-CANCER
-
- The National Cancer Institute has developed PDQ (Physician Data Query), a
- computerized database designed to give the public, cancer patients and
- families, and health professionals quick and easy access to many types of
- information vital to patients with this and many other types of cancer. To
- gain access to this service, call:
- Cancer Information Service (CIS)
- 1-800-4-CANCER
- In Washington, DC and suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, 636-5700
- In Alaska, 1-800-638-6070
- In Oahu, Hawaii, (808) 524-1234 (Neighbor islands call collect)
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 1423-1425.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1126-1128.
-
- WORLD BOOK MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA: Erich E. Brueschke, M.D., et al., eds;
- World Book, Inc., 1988. Pp. 149.
-
-