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$Unique_ID{BRK03525}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Berylliosis}
$Subject{Berylliosis Beryllium Disease Beryllium Poisoning Beryllium
Granulomatosis Acute Beryllium Disease Beryllium Pneumonosis Acute Berylliosis
Chronic Berylliosis Sarcoidosis Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
481:
Berylliosis
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Berylliosis) is not the
name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
this article.
Synonyms
Beryllium Disease
Beryllium Poisoning
Beryllium Granulomatosis
Acute Beryllium Disease
Beryllium Pneumonosis
DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
Acute Berylliosis
Chronic Berylliosis
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Sarcoidosis
Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Berylliosis is a metal poisoning or allergic disorder caused by exposure
to beryllium dust or fumes, usually in occupational settings. Symptoms may
affect the lungs, skin, eyes, blood or various other organs of the body.
Symptoms can be chronic or acute and may begin after short- or long-term
exposure. Some cases may be delayed as long as twenty years after initial
exposure to beryllium which is a metal that is primarily used in the
aerospace and nuclear power industry.
Symptoms
Acute Berylliosis primarily affects the lungs. Coughing, which is dry at
first, later becomes violent and exhausting. Breathing becomes difficult and
blood may appear in sputum. Patients may experience weight loss and chest
pain. They may increasingly feel tired for no apparent reason.
An allergic reaction to beryllium may be manifested in the skin as
reddened patches or small raised, discolored spots on the face, neck, arms,
and/or hands. Lymph nodes near affected skin areas may become enlarged.
With prolonged exposure, Berylliosis may become chronic. The skin may
appear to have a bluish tinge (cyanosis), accompanied by fever and weight
loss. Breathing becomes progressively difficult particularly when lying down
and may ease only in a standing or straight backed sitting position
(orthopnea). Fingernails may become clubbed and heart problems may develop.
Lesions may develop in the corneas of the eyes.
Causes
Berylliosis is caused by exposure to beryllium dust or fumes, usually in an
occupational setting. In the absence of strict safety measures to limit
exposure, workers may bring home contaminated dust in their clothes thus
possibly spreading the condition to their families. Some cases may not be
apparent as long as twenty years after initial exposure to beryllium.
Affected Population
Berylliosis affects individuals exposed to the metal beryllium. Persons
employed in the aerospace, aviation or nuclear power industries, beryllium
mining and processing, or fluorescent lamp manufacturing between 1943 and
1955, may be at risk for contracting this disorder. In some cases, the
families of these employees may have been exposed. Some people living in the
vicinity of beryllium refineries have been found to have Berylliosis.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Berylliosis.
Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Sarcoidosis is characterized primarily by small round lesions (tubercles)
of granulation tissue appearing in the lungs and many other parts of the
body. This disorder tends to affect people of African ancestry more than
other heritages. (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Sarcoidosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis is a lung disorder resulting from repeated
inhalation of organic dust, usually in a specific occupational setting. In
the acute form, respiratory symptoms and fever start several hours after
exposure to the dust. The chronic form is characterized by gradual changes
in the lung tissue associated with several years of exposure to the irritant.
(For more information on this disorder, choose "Alveolitis" as your search
term in the Rare Disease Database).
Therapies: Standard
Preventive measures should be aimed at limiting or completely avoiding
exposure to beryllium fumes or dust. In single exposure acute cases,
treatment is symptomatic since effects of the beryllium are short-term and
usually reversible. Corticosteroid therapy may be helpful in chronic cases,
especially when treatment is begun early in the course of the disorder.
Washing of the lungs with a small amount of fluid (bronchoalveolar lavage)
may be helpful in chronic cases to confirm a diagnosis as well as help remove
inorganic particles from the lungs.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
the most current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Berylliosis, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
American Lung Association
1740 Broadway
New York, NY 10019
(212) 315-8700
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5717
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
1600 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA 30333
(404) 639-3534
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Public Affairs Office
P.O. Box 12233
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
(919) 541-3345
References
INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
Co., 1987. Pp. 656-657.
CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE: DIAGNOSIS, RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS, AND
CORRELATION WITH PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS: J.M. Aronchick, et al.; Radiology
(June 1987, issue 163(3)). Pp. 677-682.
TRANSMISSION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE TO FAMILY CONTACTS: B. Knishkowy,
et al.; Am J Ind Med (1986, issue 9(6)). Pp. 543-550.
CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE IN A PRECIOUS METAL REFINERY. CLINICAL
EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC EVIDENCE FOR CONTINUING RISK FROM EXPOSURE TO
LOW LEVEL BERYLLIUM FUME: M.R. Cullen, et al.; Am Rev Respir Dis (January
1987, issue 135(1)). Pp. 201-208.