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- $Unique_ID{BRK03509}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Babesiosis}
- $Subject{Babesiosis Piriplasmosis Redwater Fever Lyme Disease Malaria}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 120:
- Babesiosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Babesiosis) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Piriplasmosis
- Redwater Fever
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Lyme Disease
- Malaria
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Babesiosis is an infection carried and transmitted by deer ticks (Ixodes
- dammini). The ticks live on deer and white footed mice, but can cause
- disease in humans if they attach to people walking through grassy areas. The
- tick transmits a parasite into the blood of a human which can cause hemolytic
- anemia (premature destruction of red blood cells). In people who have an
- impaired immune system, Babesiosis can be fatal if left untreated. In
- healthy adults or older children the infection usually causes no apparent
- symptoms. Most symptomatic cases in the United States have been contracted
- near the coasts of New York, Massachusetts and Connecticut by elderly people
- or very young children.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Initial symptoms of Babesiosis resemble a malaria-like illness including
- abdominal pain, headache, severe chills and fever, lack of appetite, vomiting
- and diarrhea. The parasitic organisms are found in red blood cells, which
- they can destroy, causing hemolytic anemia. In healthy people with a normal
- immune system who are under the age of 50, the disease may cause no symptoms.
- Patients who have had their spleens removed may develop high fever, jaundice
- associated with the hemolytic anemias, excretion of hemoglobin (the oxygen
- carrier in red blood cells) in the urine, and kidney failure. Other people
- who may be at risk of developing these severe symptoms include the elderly,
- very young children, and people with an impaired immune system. Babesiosis
- can be life-threatening in people with severe symptoms unless the disorder is
- treated. Those who experience no symptoms usually require no treatment.
-
- Causes
-
- Babesiosis is caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia, including Babesia
- bovis, B. divergens, and B. nicroti. These parasites are found in the red
- blood cells of various animals, and are transmitted by tick bites. The life
- cycle of these ticks follows the same course as ticks carrying Lyme disease.
- The ticks live on deer, are transferred to white footed mice, and can affect
- humans who walk in grassy areas where deer usually reside. Babesiosis can
- also be transmitted through blood transfusions from infected donors.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Approximately 200 cases of Babesiosis were diagnosed during the 1980's in the
- United States. Most cases of Babesiosis in the United States have been
- acquired near the coast of New York, Connecticut or Massachusetts. The
- disease can be life-threatening in patients who have an impaired immune
- system. Very young children and elderly people are most likely to experience
- symptoms, while healthy adolescents and adults rarely show signs of
- infection.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Babesiosis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Lyme Disease is a tick-transmitted inflammatory disorder characterized by
- an early focal lesion, and subsequently a growing red area on the skin
- (erythema chronicum migrans or ECM). The disorder may be followed weeks
- later by joint pain resembling arthritis and neurological or heart
- abnormalities. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Lyme" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Malaria is a communicable parasitic disorder spread through the bite of
- an Anopheles mosquito. Major symptoms vary depending on which species of
- parasite causes the infection and the stage of development of the parasite.
- Chills and fever commonly occur although not every case follows the same
- pattern. Each recurrence becomes milder. Although the disorder was once
- thought to be under control throughout the world, Malaria is a widespread
- infection especially in the tropics where certain types of mosquitos are
- becoming resistant to pesticides. The annual number of cases reported in the
- United States has increased in recent years. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Malaria" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- In most healthy people Babesiosis usually resolves spontaneously and causes
- few or no symptoms. People with an impaired immune system will require
- treatment with drugs such as clindamycin, quinine and/or other anti parasitic
- or antibiotic drugs.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Babesiosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 329-3534
-
- References
-
- REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 21st Ed.: G. Peter, et al.,
- eds.; American Academy of Pediatrics, 1988. Pp. 131.
-
-