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- $Unique_ID{BRK03488}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Arnold-Chiari Syndrome}
- $Subject{Arnold-Chiari Syndrome Cerebellomedullary Malformation Syndrome
- Arnold-Chiari Malformation}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 85:
- Arnold-Chiari Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Arnold-Chiari
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cerebellomedullary Malformation Syndrome
- Arnold-Chiari Malformation
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- The disorder known as the Arnold-Chiari Syndrome is characterized by a
- caudal or lower displacement of the brainstem. Typically the cerebellar
- tissue extends into the spinal cord region. This defect in the formation of
- several areas of the brainstem may also involve the pons and the medulla.
- The malformation is commonly associated with spina bifida and hydrocephalus.
- The prognosis of the disorder is uncertain; it may be complicated by adhesive
- arachnoiditis around the herniated structures.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Infants with the disorder may exhibit symptoms such as vomiting, mental
- impairment, and weakness. There may possibly be paralysis of the
- extremities. The presence of the Arnold-Chiari Syndrome in adolescents is
- generally a milder form. Dizziness and diplopia (double vision) may be
- present. Deafness, weakness of the legs, and occipital neuralgia may occur.
-
- Obstructive hydrocephalus in which the cerebrospinal fluid is prevented
- from passing freely from around the brain into the spinal canal because of
- obstruction may be present. Papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve
- region), an involuntary rapid movement of the eyeball known as nystagmus,
- muscular incoordination (ataxia) due to an cerebellar damage, and transient
- paresthesias in which the patient feels abnormal sensations may also occur.
- Palsies affecting the eyes or lower cranial nerves may also be present.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of the Arnold-Chiari Syndrome is not clearly understood. It
- is possibly a defect which is genetic in origin.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The malformation known as the Arnold-Chiari Syndrome is commonly associated
- with a number of disorders which include:
-
- Meningocele and meningomyelocele
- Hydrocephalus
- Spina Bifida
- Platybasia
- Stenosis of aqueduct
- Craniocervical abnormalities
- Syringomyelia and syringobulbia
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Surgical therapies are usually necessary. Hydrocephalus and
- myelomeningoceles should be promptly treated in infancy. Suboccipital
- decompossion and laminectomy to reduce increased intracranial pressure may be
- useful later in life.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Arnold-Chiari Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Arnold-Chiari Family Network
- 67 Spring St.
- Weymouth, MA 02188
- (617) 337-2368
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed. R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 1430, 1951.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. P. 821.
-
-