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- $Unique_ID{BRK03357}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{tolbutamide}
- $Subject{Oramide Major Orinase Upjohn Oral antidiabetic tolbutamide diabetes
- mellitus sugar adulthood non-insulin-dependent maturity-onset Type II insulin
- pancreas}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 Publications International, Ltd.
-
-
- tolbutamide
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers)
-
- Oramide (Major)
- Orinase (Upjohn)
- tolbutamide (various manufacturers)
-
- TYPE OF DRUG
-
- Oral antidiabetic
-
- INGREDIENT
-
- tolbutamide
-
- DOSAGE FORM
-
- Tablets (250 mg and 500 mg)
-
- STORAGE
-
- This medication should be stored at room temperature in a tightly closed
- container. Discard any outdated medication.
-
- USES
-
- Tolbutamide is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (sugar
- diabetes) that appears in adulthood and cannot be managed by control of diet
- alone. This type of diabetes is known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes (also
- called maturity-onset or Type II diabetes). Tolbutamide lowers blood sugar by
- increasing the release of insulin from the pancreas.
-
- TREATMENT
-
- In order for this medication to work correctly, it must be taken as
- directed by your doctor. It is best to take this medicine at the same time(s)
- each day, in order to maintain a constant blood sugar level. It is,
- therefore, important to try not to miss any doses of tolbutamide. If you do
- miss a dose, take it as soon as possible, unless it is almost time for the
- next dose. In that case, do not take the missed dose at all; just return to
- your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the next dose. Tell your doctor
- if you feel any side effects from missing a dose of this drug.
-
- SIDE EFFECTS
-
- Minor.
-
- Diarrhea, headache, heartburn, loss of appetite, nausea, stomach
- discomfort, stomach pain, or vomiting. These side effects usually disappear
- during treatment, as your body adjusts to the medication.
- Tolbutamide may increase your sensitivity to sunlight. You should,
- therefore, avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and sunlamps. Wear protective
- clothing and sunglasses, and use an effective sunscreen.
-
- Major.
-
- Tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or
- particularly bothersome. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about
- dark urine, fatigue, itching of the skin, light-colored stools, sore throat
- and fever, unusual bleeding or bruising, or yellowing of the eyes or skin.
-
- INTERACTIONS
-
- Tolbutamide interacts with a number of other types of drugs:
- 1. The combination of tolbutamide and chloramphenicol, guanethidine,
- insulin, fenfluramine, sulfinpyrazone, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors,
- oxyphenbutazone, oxytetracycline, phenylbutazone, probenecid, aspirin or other
- salicylates, or sulfonamide antibiotics can lower blood sugar
- levels--sometimes to dangerously low levels. At least 14 days should separate
- the use of this drug and the use of an MAO inhibitor.
- 2. Thyroid hormones, dextrothyroxine, epinephrine, phenytoin, thiazide
- diuretics (water pills), and cortisone-like medications (such as
- dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone), combined with tolbutamide, can
- actually increase blood sugar levels--just what you are trying to avoid.
- 3. Rifampin can decrease the blood concentrations of tolbutamide, which
- can lead to a decrease in its effectiveness.
- 4. Oral antidiabetic medications can increase the effects of blood
- thinners, such as warfarin, which can lead to bleeding complications.
- 5. The combination of tolbutamide and beta-blocking medications
- (acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, carteolol, esmolol, labetalol, metoprolol,
- nadolol, penbutolol, pindolol, propranolol, or timolol) can result in either
- high or low blood sugar levels. Beta blockers can also mask the symptoms of
- low blood sugar, which can be dangerous.
- BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about any medications you are currently
- taking, especially those listed above.
-
- WARNINGS
-
- * It is important to tell your doctor if you have ever had unusual or
- allergic reactions to tolbutamide or to any other sulfa medication
- (sulfonamide antibiotics, diuretics [water pills], or other oral
- antidiabetics).
- * It is also important to tell your doctor if you now have or if you have
- ever had kidney disease, liver disease, severe infection, or thyroid disease.
- * Be sure to avoid drinking alcoholic beverages while taking this
- medication (unless otherwise directed by your doctor). Some patients who take
- this medicine suffer nausea, vomiting, dizziness, stomach pain, pounding
- headache, sweating, and redness of the face and skin when they drink alcohol.
- Also, large amounts of alcohol can lower your blood sugar concentration to a
- dangerously low level.
- * Follow the special diet that your doctor gave you. This is an
- important part of controlling your blood sugar levels and is necessary in
- order for this medicine to work properly.
- * Before having surgery or any other medical or dental treatment, be sure
- to tell your doctor or dentist about this drug.
- * It is very important to test for sugar in your urine as directed by
- your doctor. This is a convenient way to determine whether your diabetes is
- being controlled by this medicine.
- * Eat or drink something containing sugar right away if you experience
- any symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), such as anxiety, chills, cold
- sweats, cool or pale skin, drowsiness, excessive hunger, headache, nausea,
- nervousness, rapid heartbeat, shakiness, or unusual tiredness or weakness).
- It is important that your family and friends know the symptoms of low blood
- sugar and what to do if they observe any of these symptoms in you.
- Even if the hypoglycemic symptoms seem to disappear after you eat or
- drink a sugar-containing product, it is important to contact your doctor as
- soon as possible. The blood-sugar-lowering effects of tolbutamide can last
- for hours, and your symptoms may return during this period. Good sources of
- sugar are orange juice, corn syrup, honey, sugar cubes, and table sugar. You
- are at greatest risk of developing low blood sugar if you skip or delay meals,
- exercise more than usual, are unable to eat because of nausea or vomiting, or
- drink large amounts of alcohol.
- * You may need to be switched to insulin if you have a severe infection,
- are scheduled for major surgery, suffer diabetic coma, or become pregnant.
- * Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant. Your dosing
- requirements for tolbutamide may change during pregnancy, or you may be
- switched to insulin. Although extensive studies in humans have not been
- conducted, adverse effects have been observed in the fetuses of animals that
- received the drug tolbutamide during pregnancy. Also, tell your doctor if you
- are breast-feeding an infant. Since small amounts of tolbutamide may pass
- into breast milk, cautious use is warranted.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-