home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03283}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{phenobarbital}
- $Subject{Barbita Vortech Solfoton Poythress Barbiturate sedative
- anticonvulsant phenobarbital convulsions anxiety tension sleep barbiturates
- central nervous system brain spinal cord depressants}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 Publications International, Ltd.
-
-
- phenobarbital
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers)
-
- Barbita (Vortech)
- phenobarbital (various manufacturers)
- Solfoton (Poythress)
-
- TYPE OF DRUG
-
- Barbiturate sedative and anticonvulsant
-
- INGREDIENT
-
- phenobarbital
-
- DOSAGE FORMS
-
- Tablets (8 mg, 16 mg, 32 mg, 65 mg, and 100 mg)
- Capsules (16 mg)
- Oral liquid (15 mg and 20 mg per 5-ml spoonful, with 13.5% alcohol)
-
- STORAGE
-
- Phenobarbital tablets and capsules should be stored at room temperature
- in tightly closed containers. The oral liquid should be stored at room
- temperature in a tightly closed, light-resistant container. Phenobarbital
- liquid should not be used if the solution becomes cloudy--it is no longer
- effective. This medication should never be frozen.
-
- USES
-
- Phenobarbital is used to control convulsions, to relieve anxiety or
- tension, and to promote sleep. Phenobarbital belongs to a group of drugs
- known as barbiturates. The barbiturates are central nervous system (brain and
- spinal cord) depressants.
-
- TREATMENT
-
- In order to avoid stomach irritation, you should take phenobarbital with
- food or with a full glass of water or milk.
- The oral liquid should be measured carefully with a specially designed
- 5-ml measuring spoon. An ordinary kitchen teaspoon is not accurate enough.
- The liquid dose can be taken by itself or diluted with water, milk, or fruit
- juice.
- If phenobarbital is being taken as a sleeping aid, take it 30 to 60
- minutes before you want to go to sleep.
- If you are taking this medication for the treatment of seizures,
- phenobarbital works best when the level of medicine in your bloodstream is
- kept constant. It is best, therefore, to take the doses at evenly spaced
- intervals day and night. For example, if you are to take three doses a day,
- the doses should be spaced eight hours apart.
- If you are taking this medication on a regular basis and you miss a dose,
- take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time
- for your next dose, do not take the missed dose at all; just return to your
- regular dosing schedule. Do not double the next dose. If you are taking this
- medication to control seizures and you miss more than two doses, be sure to
- contact your doctor immediately.
-
- SIDE EFFECTS
-
- Minor.
-
- Constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, a "hangover" feeling,
- headache, nausea, stomach upset, or vomiting. These side effects should
- disappear as your body adjusts to the medication.
- If you feel dizzy or light-headed, sit or lie down for a while; get up
- slowly from a sitting or reclining position, and be careful on stairs.
- To relieve constipation, increase the amount of fiber in your diet (fresh
- fruits and vegetables, salads, bran, and whole-grain breads), exercise, and
- drink more water (unless your doctor directs you to do otherwise).
-
- Major.
-
- Tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or
- particularly bothersome. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about
- chest tightness, confusion, depression, difficulty in breathing, excitation,
- fatigue, feeling faint, hives or itching, loss of coordination, muscle or
- joint pain, skin rash, slurred speech, sore throat, unusual bleeding or
- bruising, unusual weakness, or yellowing of the eyes or skin.
-
- INTERACTIONS
-
- Phenobarbital interacts with other types of medications:
- 1. Concurrent use of it with other central nervous system depressants
- (such as alcohol, antihistamines, benzodiazepine tranquilizers, muscle
- relaxants, narcotics, pain medications, phenothiazine tranquilizers, and
- sleeping medications) or with tricyclic antidepressants can cause extreme
- drowsiness.
- 2. Valproic acid, chloramphenicol, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
- can prolong the effects of the barbiturates.
- 3. Phenobarbital can increase the elimination from the body (thereby
- decreasing the effectiveness) of oral anticoagulants (blood thinners, such as
- warfarin), digitoxin, tricyclic antidepressants, cortisone-like medications,
- doxycycline, metronidazole, quinidine, oral contraceptives (birth control
- pills), estrogen-containing drugs, phenytoin, acetaminophen, and
- carbamazepine.
- 4. Phenobarbital can decrease the absorption of griseofulvin from the
- gastrointestinal tract.
- 5. The combination of phenobarbital and furosemide can cause low blood
- pressure and fainting.
- 6. Phenobarbital can increase the side effects of cyclophosphamide or
- large doses of acetaminophen.
- BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about any medications you are currently
- taking, especially any listed above.
-
- WARNINGS
-
- * Tell your doctor about unusual or allergic reactions you have had to
- any medications, especially to phenobarbital or other barbiturates (such as
- amobarbital, butabarbital, mephobarbital, pentobarbital, primidone, and
- secobarbital).
- * Tell your doctor if you now have or if you have ever had acute or
- chronic (long-term) pain, Addison's disease (caused by an underactive adrenal
- gland), diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, liver disease, lung disease, mental
- depression, porphyria, or thyroid disease.
- * Before having surgery or any other medical or dental treatment, tell
- your doctor or dentist you are taking this drug.
- * If this medication makes you dizzy or drowsy, do not take part in any
- activity that requires alertness, such as driving a car or operating
- potentially dangerous machinery.
- * This drug has the potential for abuse and must be used with caution.
- Tolerance to the medication develops quickly; do not increase the dosage or
- stop taking this drug unless you first consult your doctor. If you have been
- taking this drug for a long time or have been taking large doses of it, you
- may experience anxiety, muscle twitching, tremors, weakness, dizziness,
- nausea, vomiting, insomnia, or blurred vision when you stop taking it. Your
- doctor may, therefore, want to reduce your dosage of this medication
- gradually.
- * Some of these products contain the color additive FD&C Yellow No. 5
- (tartrazine), which can cause allergic-type reactions (rash, fainting,
- difficulty in breathing) in certain susceptible individuals.
- * Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant. Phenobarbital crosses
- the placenta, and birth defects have been associated with the use of this
- medication during pregnancy. If phenobarbital is used during the last three
- months of pregnancy, there is a chance that the infant will be born addicted
- to the medication and will experience a withdrawal reaction (seizures or
- irritability) at birth. The infant could also be born with bleeding problems.
- The risks and benefits of treatment should be discussed with your doctor.
- Also, tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding an infant. Small amounts of
- phenobarbital pass into breast milk.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-