home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK01985}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Hematemesis: Causes and Treatments}
- $Subject{Hematemesis cause Causes treat treated treatment Treatments liver
- vomit vomiting blood bleed bleeding stomach ulcer ulcers cancer cancers
- cancerous irritate irritation irritations gastritis esophagus esophageal
- varices heart vein veins vessel vessels toxic injury injuries injured damage
- damaged damages damaging infect infection infections hepatitis chemical
- chemicals detoxify detoxifying alcohol abuse abusing scar scars scarring fiber
- fibers fibrous tissue tissues cirrhosis varicose diet diets propranolol
- medicine medicines medication medications surgery surgeries surgical
- Sclerotherapy operate operation operations portacaval shunt shunts}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{
- Normal Fatty and Cirrhotic Livers*0009701.scf
- What Causes Cirrhosis of the Liver*0009702.scf}
-
- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
-
-
- Hematemesis: Causes and Treatments
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- QUESTION: I am a faithful reader of your column. I have learned a lot.
- Would you please write about hematemesis and the architecture of the liver.
- What causes the problem? What can be done? Thank you for any information you
- can provide me.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ANSWER: The definition of hematemesis is simple, it means "vomiting blood".
- It may be easy to identify when the vomitus is red, occurring when there is
- brisk bleeding. In some cases it looks like coffee grounds, for the acid in
- the stomach changes the color of the blood to black. Such bleeding may result
- from a stomach ulcer, a cancer in the stomach, acute irritation of the lining
- of the stomach (gastritis), a tear in the esophagus, or a condition known as
- esophageal varices. Since you have also asked about the liver, it is this
- last condition that you are concerned with, for it is a change in the
- structure of the liver that is the primary cause of the varices, and the
- bleeding.
- Normally much of the blood returning to the heart through the veins
- passes through the liver. There it may be "cleaned", as one of the most
- important functions of the liver is to chemically change toxic substances so
- that they can not harm the body. However, when the liver itself has been
- injured by infection (hepatitis), toxic chemicals, or overworked detoxifying
- alcohol (alcohol abuse), it reacts by scarring, forming fibrous tissue that
- changes the shape and structure of the liver. This condition is known as
- "cirrhosis of the liver". When the scarring becomes extensive, blood no
- longer flows easily through the liver, and seeks a new path back to the heart.
- It now flows through veins that run in the wall of the esophagus, stretching
- them beyond their normal size, creating varices. It is very similar to the
- condition you can observe in the leg, when the veins there are enlarged and
- swollen (varicose veins). These distended veins can be easily bruised and
- damaged by the food passing from the mouth to the stomach, and may rupture and
- bleed. The escaping blood then passes into the stomach and may be thrown up,
- and seen as hematemesis.
- If the damage to the liver can be reversed, it is possible that the
- normal pathway for the blood can be restored. Treatment depends upon the
- cause of injury to the liver, by withdrawing the drug or chemical that is
- responsible for the damage, abstinence from alcohol (when that is the cause)
- and providing a nutritious diet to the patient. However, if the condition is
- advanced beyond recovery, there are some treatments that can be tried to
- reduce the flow through the veins in the esophagus. Some reports reveal that
- the use of propranolol may reduce the pressure in these veins, and reduce the
- possibility of bleeding. If medications fail, then there are still some
- surgical alternatives to turn to.
- Sclerotherapy consists of injecting a substance in the esophageal veins
- that cause them to scar, sealing the passage to the flow of blood. There is
- also an operation that reroutes the blood coming to the liver, to the large
- vein that leads to the heart. This is called a portacaval shunt, and leads
- much of the blood around the liver. This is a difficult operation, and is not
- without its own complication.
- Be aware that acute hematemesis in the presence of esophageal varices is
- considered a medical emergency and requires immediate and intensive treatment
- in a hospital environment.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-