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- $Unique_ID{BRK01562}
- $Pretitle{Community and Social Problems}
- $Title{Causes of "Hypothermia" and "Frost Bite"}
- $Subject{cold frost bite hypothermia Community Social Problems tissues freeze
- cool heat loss metabolism radiation convection shivering metabolisms
- metabolic temperature temperatures environment weather environments weathers}
- $Volume{Q-23,C-23}
- $Log{}
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- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Causes of "Hypothermia" and "Frost Bite"
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- QUESTION: I think I am confused about two terms and would like you to
- straighten them out for me. I am concerned about "hypothermia" and realize it
- is not the same as "frost bite," but just what is it? Can you explain a bit
- about its causes and the correct way to treat it? As you see, we live in a
- part of the country where this is important information for us to have.
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- ANSWER: Simply stated, frost bite is a condition where certain tissues of the
- body freeze, while in hypothermia the whole body becomes too cold to function
- properly. Hypothermia occurs when the heat loss of the body exceeds its
- ability to produce heat, and the core or central temperature of the body drops
- below 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). At this level, the
- chemistry of the body becomes altered, respiratory centers of the brain are
- effected, heart rate is affected as is the blood. The heat of the body comes
- from the metabolism of food and water, and may be lost by four mechanisms;
- radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation. About 50 percent of the
- body's total heat production can be lost by radiation through an unprotected
- and uncovered head. The amount lost by convection (loss of heat through
- movement of the air) increases with the speed of the wind, and loss through
- evaporation, normally through sweat and breathing, is greatly increased when
- the skin becomes wet. So the outside temperature, and wind chill factors
- greatly influence heat loss. So do certain drugs; nicotine, alcohol,
- barbiturates, opiates, and certain antidepressants. Senior citizens and small
- children are also at increased risks because of the workings of their heat
- regulation systems. In the early stages of hypothermia, or when it is
- considered mild (core temperature between 32 and 35 degrees C.), the body may
- try to raise its temperature by shivering. These rapid muscular contractions
- may increase heat production up to five times normal. In this stage, moving
- the patient to a warm and sheltered environment, the use of heated blankets,
- and warm, sweet, beverages are useful and appropriate. However,
- hospitalization is required for severe hypothermia (core temperature below 32
- degrees C.), where more aggressive means of treatment are available.
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-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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