home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK01529}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{What Are the Conditions That Make a Person "Brain Dead"?}
- $Subject{brain dead determination determine determining central Nervous System
- death brain-dead spinal cord reflex intoxication intoxicated overdose
- overdoses organs neurologists neurosurgeons anesthesiologists brain-death life
- living}
- $Volume{F-1}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
-
-
- What Are the Conditions That Make a Person "Brain Dead"?
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- QUESTION: Can you please tell me what are the conditions that make a person
- "brain dead". I believe that this is the situation that is necessary for the
- organs to be donated, and my family needs some information to make a most
- important decision.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ANSWER: In actual practice, it means that the heart beat and respiration can
- be maintained artificially, giving the appearance of life, long after the
- brain itself has stopped working and is "dead".
- While determination of death has traditionally been based on the stopping
- of breathing and the heartbeat, the development of techniques to support
- failing lung and heart functions--even when the brain appears dead--has made
- these signs insufficient to determine the death of an individual and most
- inadequate under certain circumstances. So recent criteria for the
- determination of death have been based on an assessment of the brain.
- To be declared brain-dead, a patient must meet certain clinical
- conditions, including having: no spinal cord reflex movements; no eye opening
- or other movement--either spontaneously or in response to painful stimuli to
- the face or trunk; plus other more technical conditions. The fact is that
- determining that a patient is really brain dead is not an easy task, and
- sometimes nearly impossible.
- To further complicate matters, there are certain conditions that can
- mimic the appearance of brain death, but in reality are something entirely
- different. Examples include cases of extreme intoxication and drug overdoses.
- Yet despite the difficulty, early recognition and declaration of brain
- death are important. Continued treatment of patients who are brain dead can
- subject the family to uncertainty and false hopes. Some people feel that
- treating a brain dead patient is an indignity to the patient's body. Others
- say that medical resources should not be expended on treating patients who are
- already dead. Still others contend that so long as a patient's heart is
- beating and breath is continuing, that person is alive and deserves any and
- all treatments available to the medical profession.
- In an era where organs may be salvaged from patients already brain dead,
- the hopes of many individuals whose lives may depend upon such donors are
- doomed, as the number of organs remain insufficient to meet the need. Though
- some statistics indicate approximately 20,000 cases per year which might
- possibly yield donor organs, only about 2,000 to 3,000 actually do.
- There are also other unresolved issues involved in the declaration of
- brain death that remain unsettled. Some are scientific issues that require
- formal investigations. Others concern social values and public policy and
- require debate by ethicists and lawyers. Additionally, there are questions as
- to who should declare a patient to be brain dead: should it be neurologists,
- neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, or physicians serving in intensive care
- units and emergency departments? In many institutions it takes a panel of
- physicians, with all these areas of expertise, to make the final
- determination; and if you are facing an important decision of this nature,
- consultations with your own physician and the chairman of this committee may
- be of great assistance.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-
-