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- $Unique_ID{BRK00849}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{What Causes Pain?}
- $Subject{causes types nervous system nerve overstimulation nerves pinprick
- sensation first pain fibers myelin sheath Deep muscle second cramp damage}
- $Volume{F-2}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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-
- What Causes Pain?
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-
- QUESTION: It seems that I suffer from pain in different ways, and the hurt
- feels different at various times. What causes pain? Is it possible that
- there are different nerves involved?
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-
- ANSWER: Pain is caused by overstimulation of nerves that may or may not
- conduct the stimulus to the central nervous system, meaning the brain and
- spinal cord.
- Depending on the type of stimulus, pain impulses can travel through two
- different types of nerves that are quite different in structure and entirely
- independent. For example, a pinprick sensation (also called fast pain or
- first pain) travels through small nerve fibers with a myelin sheath or
- covering like an insulated cable. Deep pain (also called muscle pain or
- second pain) occurs when you have a muscle cramp or more severe muscle damage.
- This type of pain travels slower and is conducted by larger nerve fibers that
- lack the myelin sheath or covering found on smaller nerve fibers.
- Thus there are two types of pain receptors, and the two types of fibers
- are specific for such pain. Pain is never due to overstimulation of other
- types of receptors.
- The different types of pain may be demonstrated by inflating a blood
- pressure cuff (or tourniquet) around a limb to restrict its blood flow, then
- inducing pain first by a pinprick (first pain), then by pinching a full
- thickness fold of skin (second pain). If the lack of blood flow (ischemia) is
- maintained by the cuff, the pinprick sensation will disappear while the
- pinching or muscle cramp type pain will remain, and is usually increased and
- feels more painful.
- Because there are two different reflex actions--a rapid withdrawal after
- pinprick and muscle contraction and immobility after pinching--it is obvious
- the central circuits from two different types of fibers for two different
- types of pain must be different.
- It would be impossible for the same circuit to produce reflex responses
- that are almost opposite in nature: immediate withdrawal and fairly rapid
- loss of pain versus a dull cramp-like pain that persists associated with
- muscle contraction and actual tissue damage.
- This information helps physicians prescribe the most effective analgesic
- for the particular type of pain that is causing the misery.
-
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-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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