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- $Unique_ID{BRK00057}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{What is Emphysema?}
- $Subject{emphysema breathing smoking Respiratory System breath shortness lungs
- lung elasticity alveoli breaths proteases protease alpha-1-antitrypsin smoke
- smokes smoking smoker smokers breathe breathless bronchi bronchioles pulmonary
- disease diseases}
- $Volume{H-5}
- $Log{
- Cross Section of the Lung*0005901.scf
- Anatomy of the Alveoli*0005903.scf
- The Effects of Smoking*0007301.scf}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
-
-
- What is Emphysema?
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-
- QUESTION: I keep reading the term, but have absolutely no idea what it refers
- to. Perhaps you can help. What is emphysema? How is it treated?
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ANSWER: Emphysema is a lung condition that is marked by shortness of breath.
- It is diagnosed when the small air sacs that make up our lungs have become
- weakened and lose their elasticity. Normally, these sacs, called alveoli,
- expand with each breath and then return to their normal small size between
- breaths. In emphysema, each sac is stretched out like an old balloon and do
- not return to a small size. In addition to being stretched out, the weakened
- alveoli don't exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen as they should.
- Because the alveoli are not working properly, the respiratory muscles of
- the chest must work harder. This leads to a barrel-chested appearance in many
- emphysema sufferers. They also lose weight and tire very easily.
- Emphysema has a biochemical cause that is created or worsened by
- environmental factors. Normally, chemicals called proteases fight off
- bacteria and viruses in the lung and are regulated by another chemical called
- alpha-1-antitrypsin. In emphysema, alpha-1-antitrypsin is inactivated or
- missing and the proteases go wild and start to attack healthy lung tissue.
- Smoking inactivates alpha-1-antitrypsin, which is why smoking is the leading
- cause of emphysema. Some cases of emphysema are related to genetic
- biochemical defects, however.
- There is no treatment for emphysema nor is there any way to reverse the
- damage once it has begun. However, stopping smoking will prevent lung damage
- from progressing.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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-