This
manual is not intended be a flight manual. Many other books fulfill this task
much better.
This
program is under construction. Until 01/01/2001 the program is freeware. The
license will change on that date.
The divider between these two panels is used to determine the size of the panels
There are several tabs
Fast view transition Disable the smooth transition
Enable ATC Enable Air Traffic Control. The scenery aircraft will contact ATC to request permisions
Under development
Listen Wait for incomming connection. One PDA must listen and the other must connect
Connect Connect to a Listen PDA.
Configure the Weather. Two layers of clouds can be defined.
Type: Type of the Clouds. There are two types: Scattered and overcast
Bottom: The floor of the Clouds
Top: The ceil of the Clouds
Heading: Where are the wind blowing from.
Speed: The force of the wind
Bottom: floor of the wind effect
Top: ceil of the wind effect.
Turbulence: Turbulence effect on the wind layer.
The current situation is saved to disk. You can save all situations you want.
Load a situation saved previously.
Select the comm frequency. There are two box. First box to select airport. The Airports are sorted in distance to your aircraft. The second box to select the service. Autorizations/ATIS/Ground/Tower/Approach or Departures
Use this option to talk with the controller selected. The type of the controler determine the posibilities to talk.
This menu option is used to select a new aircraft. This option window uses two areas. In the upper area there are a list with available aircraft and in the bottom area there is information of the selected plane. You can select to see notes about the performance and history of the plane or a 3D view of the aircraft.
Helicopters
The helicopters are aircrafts. They are selected like aircrafts.
The Helicopters has different controls. The engine throttle is replaced by collective control. The engine is controled by and automated system. Use the trottle to go up.
This
menu option is used to select scenery. It is similar to the "select
aircraft window". In the top area you can select the scenery from the list
of available scenarios and in the bottom area you can view a description of
these areas.
Terminates
Flight Simulator.
View
and follow the plane from distance.
View
and follow the plane from the interior.
View
and follow the plane from the control tower just as if you are using a radio
controlled plane.
View
the world from above. You can explore the environment and the navaids near you.
Show
a window to explore the scenery navaids. This window has three tabs.
Select
an hour for the simulation.
Select
an hour for the simulation.
Select
an hour for the simulation.
You
can select several levels of compression. The compression mode, compresses the
space, not the time of simulation. The plane is easier to fly than in time
compression but the trajectory is not accurate.
The Leo's Flight Simulator simulates night. The lights on the airport are: The runway edge lights are white. The Start and end lights are green and red. The VASIS lights aids to land. If the approach is high both lights are white. If the approach is low both lights are red and if the approach is correct one light is white and other is red.
The taxi runways are blue marked. The control tower has a light that flashes white and green.
In
a plane there are 4 forces:
An
aircraft wing is curved in cross section. It is more curved on the upper surface
than on the lower. This means that air flowing over the wing must travel faster
over the upper surface than over the bottom surface. Therefore the air pressure
is higher below the wing than above it and this produces lift.
If
the angle of curvature of the wing is increased more lift are generated.
But
if the angle is too great, the air cannot flow over the wing quickly enough and
lift rapidly decreases.
The
plane stalls and the descends quickly and out of control. This situation is
dangerous especially at low altitude. If you stall, apply full power and nose
down.
Flaps
have two functions. They are used to increase the lift generated by the wing.
15∫ can be used to assist take off. But when the flaps are fully down, they
cause a lot of drag which can be used to make final approach and touch down. The
trade-off is that the stall speed decreases when the flaps are down.
External
view shows the scenery. The External view can be controlled with the view controls.
The
panel can be bigger than the screen. The panel can also be outside of the screen.
Tap and drag to move the panel. To move the panel to the right touch the screen
on the right side of the panel and drag the stylus over the screen leftwards.
When you remove the stylus the panel will have moved. You can use the instrument
pad to move the instrument panel more easily.
Speed:
Indicates the speed of the plane. In the current beta, IAS and TAS are the same.
Artificial
horizon: a visual
indicator of the attitude of the plane.
Altimeter:
It has three gauges. Hundred feet, Thousand feet and, and a triangle for Ten
thousand feet.
Girocompass:
Indicates the Heading of the plane. This instrument has inherited error. It
deviates from its true position and must be corrected manually every ten
minutes. LFS does not simulate this error and the girocompass is the same as a
magnetic compass.
Variometer:
Indicates the vertical speed in hundred feet per minute.
Turn
coordinator: Indicates the rate of turn. The two marks on the side of the
plane indicate a standard turn. A standard turn is 360 degrees per minute.
ADF
ADF radio is an obsolete system. Itís a cheap instrument, so itís still used
in light aviation. This instrument can measure the angle to an NDB (Non
Directional Beacon). Itís difficult to fly with this instrument because you
cannott read the heading to a navaid. You must calculate it by yourself.
NAV1/NAV2
These radios
receive information from radioaids. NAVs receive signals from VOR directional
radio beacons. The receiver can measure very accurately the angle to the
radioaid. By triangulating between two radioaids you can find your correct
position.
NAVS
signal is show on several instruments:
DME It's an instrument that measure the distance to the Nav Aid.
OBS this is the most simple of these instruments. It only marks the deviation from a selected heading. You select a radial to the VOR. The gauge will be centered when you are on the track. The gauge displaces when the angle to the VOR varies. In the controls section are instructions to select the selected heading or radial.
HSI
(Horizontal situation instrument) this is the most complete of these instruments.
It integrates a Girocompass and an OBS in a single instrument. It also has an
ILS path indicator.
RMI
(Radio magnetic
indicator) this instrument has two arrows. The first points to the VOR selected
in Nav2. The second points to the NDB selected in ADF receiver. The external
ring of the RMI is connected to the same gyroscope that moves the Girocompass.
The
RMI is attached to the same indicator that moves the Girocompass so it is
possible to read the heading to the NDB by looking the number indicated by
the arrow.
The graphical view of these instruments in several situations is show in the picture below:
You
can control the aircraft in several ways. The interface is designed to be used
only with stylus or use the arrow keys or others keys when available
You can use keys to control the aircraft. Keys are set on the keys tab on the options dialog.
Note: the stick is autocentered. If you push the left key, the ailerons will be left until you release the key and the stick returns to the center. The rudder is not autocentered. When you apply rudder left, the rudder remains left until you press the "center rudder" key or move the rudder right.
The
view controls are "hot" areas over the view window. When you tap on
the screen guides they are displsyed. Use these guides to find the hot areas.
The
view of the scenery is controlled over the view window. When you touch on
scenery screen you see guides for the hot areas.
When
you touch on the instrument panel, several rectangles appear marked. These
rectangles are hot areas and these are their functions.
This a screen area that can be used as a stick. It is the only way to control the aircraft on PDAs that do not have control keys, like the Jornada 540 series.
The
panels can define a touchpad to control the plane. This area is usually the
girocompass but planes like the flybaby have a rectangle to fulfill this
function.
When
you tap on the left/right side of the rectangle the ailerons roll the plane left/right.
When
you tap on the top/bottom side of the rectangle the elevators pitch the plane
up/down.
The
touch pad is proportional. You can tap near the center of the rectangle to use
the stick softly, or near the edge for more abrupt movements.
This
pad is used to move the instrument panel right and left. Push on the right/left
side of the screen to see the right/left side of the instrument panel.
If the whole instrument panel is visible on the screen, the instrument pad is not displayed.
The instrument panel can be dragged to move it. The instrument pad is the top part of the instrument panel.
To move
the rudder you can use the keys assigned or the rudder pad. Please note that the
rudder is not auto centered. When you use the rudder left, the rudder remains
left until you center the rudder.
The
rudder pad is usually on the turn coordinator, on the ball. Tap on the side part
of the ball to put the rudder in another position. Double tapping the rudder pad
centers the rudder.
To
select a radial on the OBS or the HSI instrument, tap on the round button on the
low left side of the instrument. Then drag up and down to set the radial.
The exterior ring on the OBS or the gauge on the HSI will move.
To
select a radio frequency on one radio you can use the view scenery menu option
to select easily one navaid on a radio receiver or drag on the radio stack
number to change to a more realistic frequency selection.
Tap on
the radio you want tune and drag up and down to select the frequency. The whole
numbers and decimal numbers are tuned separately. For example, to select 109.50
if the current frequency is 118.10, tap on the 118 and drag upward until tuned
to 109.10. Then tap on the 10 and drag downwards until tuned 109.50.
The gear selector is always a little wheel. This wheel is located on the right side of the instrument panel.
Tap on
these buttons to raise or lower the gear or for other functions (Lights or
Strobe, etc).
These
buttons are always connected to a key. Tapping on it is just like push a key.
There
are three sliders on the right side of the instrument panel.
The Leo's Flight Simulator simulate other traffic. This traffic flies randomly from an airport to another. These aircrafts mantain correct communications with Air Traffic Controllers.
The Leo's Flight Simulator simulate the Communications between dynamic aircrafts and the Air Traffic controllers.
There are several types of controllers:
Autorizations: These controllers are responsable of take track of the flight plans. You must contact autorizations before taxi. You request autorization to land on an airport. No other controller can direct you to your destiny if you don't get a land autorization before.
>>Request autorization for land on ...
<<You are cleared to land
ATIS: It's an automated record that reports weather, active runway and other information. The pilot is responsable to sintonice and hear ATIS prior to taxi.
Ground: Ground controllers are responsable of the security of movements of the airplanes on the ground. In Leofs ground controller are dummies. They always give you autorization to taxi active runway.
>>Ready to taxi
<<Taxi to active runway and contact tower
Tower: Tower controller is reponsable of land and takeoff permisions.
>>Ready to takeoff
<<Winds calm, clear to take off
>>For land
<<Clear to land runway 31R
>>Downwind
>>Base
>>Final
Departures: Departure controller is a radar controller. He will give you instructions in the proximities of an airport while you are flying from it.
>>Request Traffic Advisories
>>Request vectors direct
>>For landing
Approach: Approach controller is a radar controller. He will give you instructions when you are arraiving to your destinity airport.
>>Request Traffic Advisories
>>Request vectors direct
>>For landing
Multicom: Multicom is not a controller. It's a service. You must not connect multicom but is normal connect Multicom. Several uncontrolled airports share the same multicom frequency. The communications with multicom must start and finish with the airport name. You must report the downwind, base and final legs. You must also indicate the departure and taxi.