Each query has a single output component, zero or more valid-time selection components (one per such operator), and zero or more non-temporal selection-based components (one per such operator). The taxonomy is summarized in Figure . There, the names introduced in the taxonomy are used along with punctuation in order to name a category.
To exemplify the use of Figure for naming categories, consider the query ``When was Ed Manager of the Toy Department.'' This query is in the category shown next (with no valid-time selection).
It may be observed that the taxonomy gives rise to a large number of categories. For example, assuming a single non-temporal operator and no valid-time operators, there are 20×8 = 160 categories. Adding a single valid-time operator while assuming orthogonality yields an additional 4320 categories!
As a result, it becomes necessary to create classes of categories which then may be used for clasifying the benchmark queries.
One approach would be to name a class of categories of queries, by simply replacing one or more of the entries with the Kleene star (``*''), e.g.,
The above query category would be in this class. In the next section, we define the classes to be used in the benchmark.