CD-ROM Today - The Disc! 2

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[0001 [0699 [0000 Ec[000000]LBf[16]Acaulescent Bstemless or nearly stemless.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAchene Ba small, thin drywalled fruit, such as that of a buttercup or dandelions, that does not split when ripe.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAcicular Ba needle like bristle, spine or crystal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBActinomorphic Bhaving radial symmetry.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAcuminate Btapering to a sharp point.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAcute Lobe Ba rounded projection ending on a short point.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAdaptation Bthe features of an animal that enable it to survive in its environment.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAdaxially Brelating to or being positioned on the side toward a plant's stemEc[000000]f[16]LBAdipose Brelated to animal fat.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAdult Bsexually mature individual.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAdventitious Bappearing in an unusual place or in an irregular or sporadic manner.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAerial Bactivities in birds and insects that occur in flight.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAgamospermy Ba phenomenon found in plants in which the asexual development of diploid (having genetically similar chromosomes) cells is incomplete due to the abnormal development of the pollen and the embryo sac.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAgonistic Bcombative.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlbumin Bany of several simple, water soluble proteins that are coagulated by heat and are found in egg white, blood serum, milk, animal tissues, and many plant juices.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlgae Bmicroscopic, single-celled plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlkali Bsoluble mineral salts found in natural water and arid soils.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlkaline Bcontains soluble mineral salts; opposite of acidic.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAllochthonous Boriginating elsewhere, or living in a different habitat.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlluvial deposits Bsediment deposited by flowing water.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlluvion Bflow of water against a shore or bank.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlluvium Bsediment deposited by a flowing river.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlternate Bleaves that do not grow opposite one another on the stem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAltricial Byoung birds that are helpless and naked when hatched.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlveolar Bpertaining to the jaw section containing the tooth sockets.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAmblyopsids BThe cave fishes; ray fishes distinguished by the structure of the paired fins, supported by the dermal rays.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAmphibian Banimal capable of living in both water and land habitats.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAmphipod Ba small crustacean of the order Amphipoda, including sand fleas.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAnadromous Bmigrating from salt water to fresh water to spawn.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAndepts Bsoils with a low bulk density and therefore are light and fluffy; most are acidic.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAnestrus Ban interval of sexual dormancy between two periods of estrus (period of sexual activity).Ec[000000]f[16]LBAnimal Ba generically used term to designate all species other than plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAntennae Bhead appendages in invertebrates.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAnterior margin Bin zoology, toward the forward or ventral end; in botany, inferior or lower; facing away from the axis.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAnterior Bto the front.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAnthesis Bthe blooming of a flower or the time the flower is in full bloom.Ec[000000]f[16]LBApex Bthe tip.Ec[000000]f[16]LBApical Bpertaining to or located at the apex (tip).Ec[000000]f[16]LBApiculate Bending with a sharp, abrupt tip.Ec[000000]f[16]LBApomixis Ba rare reproductive process in which a new individual is produced from a female cell other than an egg cell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAquatic Bliving in water.Ec[000000]f[16]LBArachnid Ba class of species that includes spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAreoles Bthe small space between veins in a leaf or insect wings.Ec[000000]f[16]LBArgiustoll Ba soil that is darkly colored with an accumulation of silicate clay layers with an average temperature between 5 and 8 degrees Celsius.Ec[000000]f[16]LBArthropod Binvertebrate organism with a horny, segmented external covering and jointed limbs; includes insects, crustaceans, arachnids (such as spiders), and myriapods (such as centipedes).Ec[000000]f[16]LBAssociation Bgroup of species that are dependent on one another.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAssurgent Bslanting or curving upward.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAuricular Bthe feathers covering the opening of a bird's ear; pertaining to hearing.Ec[000000]f[16]LBAxil Bthe angle between the upper surface of a stalk and its stem or between a branch and its trunk.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBaleen Bplates located in the upper jaws of whales that filter plankton from sea water.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBarbel Ba slender, whisker like sensory organ on the head of a fish or other aquatic animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBarred Bwhite or light colored lines; generally refers to barring on the dorsal side of a fish or the breast/belly of a bird.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBasal Blocated at or pertaining to the base.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBask Bbehavior in animals of absorbing sunlight for extended periods.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBeak cavities Ba hollow portion in the tip of the umbo of a bivalve mollusk shell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBeak Bthe appendage birds use to gather food; the cone-shaped structure in mussels.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBenthic Bpertaining to organisms living on the bottom of a lake or sea.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBicuspid Bhaving two points at the cusp; a tooth with two points.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBiennialmonocarpic Bproducing a single fruit every other year.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBifurcate penis Bmale sexual organ with two forks.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBill Bthe appendage birds use to gather food.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBipinnately Bhaving leaflets, lobes or divisions in a feather like arrangement on every other side of a common axis.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBivalve mollusk Ba mollusk, such as a clam, whose shell consists of two hinged parts.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBivalve Bin mollusks, the protective shell composed of two hinged halves.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBlowhole Bthe breathing hole located on the head of a whale.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBlubber Ba thick layer of fat beneath the skin of a whale.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBract Bthe lifelike part of a plant located below the flower, usually small and sometimes brightly colored; leaves that bracket the flower of a plant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBranchia Ba gill or similar breathing organ.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBreaching Bleaping of a whale from the water.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBrood parasitism Bwhen a bird of one species lays eggs in the nest of a different species to the detriment of the host bird's own young.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBrood pouch Bgill structure in freshwater mussels that is modified to store developing glochidia (larva that have hooks to attach to a host fish).Ec[000000]f[16]LBBrood Boffspring raised together.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBrowsing Bfeeding by plant-eating animals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBud Ba small protuberance (knob) on a stem or branch containing an undeveloped leaf or flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBBursa copulatrix Ba saclike, bodily cavity used in copulation.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaducous Bdropping off or shedding at an early stage of development, as the gills of amphibians or the leaves of plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaespitose Bgrowing in dense tufts or clumps.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCalcareous Bcomposed of calcium carbonate.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCalyx Bthe outer protective covering of a flower consisting of leaflike, usually green segments called sepals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCampanulate Bbell shaped.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCannibalistic Bthe practice among some animals of eating the flesh of their own species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCanthal Beither of two angles formed by the junction of the eyelids.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCarapace Ba hard structure covering all or part of the body, such as a turtle's shell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCarina Ba keel-shaped ridge, such as that on the breastbone of a bird or the petal of certain flowers.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCarpel Bthe central, ovule-bearing, female organ of a plant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaryopsis Ba one-celled, one-seeded dry fruit, such as wheat, that has its outer covering fused to its surface.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaudal fin Bthe tail fin of a fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaudal peduncle Ba narrowing of the body in front of the caudal fin.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaudal Bnear the tail or hind parts.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaudex Bthe woody trunk like stem, such as that of a tree fern; the thickened base of the stem in some perennial plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaudices Bthe woody trunk like stems, such as those of a tree fern; the thickened base of the stem in some perennial plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCaulescent Bhaving a stem showing above the ground.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCauline Bgrowing on a stem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCerambycid Ba member of the longhorn beetle family, Cerambycidae.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCespitose Bgrowing in dense tufts or clumps; matted.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChannel Bthe bed or deeper part of a stream, river or harbor.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChannelization Bthe process of deepening a river bedEc[000000]f[16]LBChaparral Ba dense thicket of shrubs and small trees.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChasmogamous Bpollination in open flowersEc[000000]f[16]LBChela Ba pincher like claw of a crustacean, such as a crab or lobster.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChelicerae Btwo pincher like appendages near the mouth of an arachnid used for grasping.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChelonian Bbelonging to the order of Chelonia, which includes turtles and tortoises.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChemoreception Bthe reaction of a sense organ to a chemical stimulus.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChitin Ba semitransparent horny substance forming the principal component of crustacean shells, insect exoskeletons, and the cell walls of certain fungi.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChlorophylous leaves Bproducing chlorophyll (green pigment) during photosynthesis.Ec[000000]f[16]LBChromatophore Ba pigment producing cell, or a pigmented animal cell that can change the color of the skin, as in some lizards.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCITES BAn international treaty, the purpose of which is to protect endangered species. This is accomplished through the illegalization of trade of these species across international boundaries.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCiliate Bhaving microscopic, hairlike appendages extending from a cell and often capable of rhythmical motions.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCilium Bmicroscopic, hairlike appendage extending from a cell and often capable of rhythmical motions.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCircumscissile Bsplitting or opening along a transverse circular line.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCirolanid facies Bthe characteristics or appearance of a population of isopod crustaceans.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCirri Bpertaining to cirrus clouds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCladoceran Ba small, aquatic crustacean, including water fleas, of the order of Cladocerana.Ec[000000]f[16]LBClass Ba taxonomic classification of organisms belonging to related orders. This is the common category by which most animals are referred, such as birds, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, arachnids, amphibians, snails, and mammals; or plants, such as ferns, mosses, and mushrooms.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCleistogamous Bcharacterized by self-fertilization in an unopened, budlike state.BEc[000000]f[16]BLClimax Bfully developed stage in an ecosystem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCloud forest Bhigh-altitude forest with a dense undergrowth of dwarf trees, ferns, mosses, and other plants that grow on the trunks of the trees.Ec[000000]f[16]LBClump Ba thick grouping of plants or trees.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCluster Ba group of similar elements, such as flowers on a plant, occurring closely together.Ec[000000]f[16]LBClutch Bthe number of eggs laid in one breeding.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCocoon Bthe tough protective covering wherein insect larvae pupate (take their adult form).Ec[000000]f[16]LBColeopteran Ban insect, such as beetles, characterized by fore wings modified to form tough protective covers for the hind wings.Ec[000000]f[16]LBColonial Bforming colonies; an inhabitant of a colony.Ec[000000]f[16]LBColonize Bto establish a population in a new territory.Ec[000000]f[16]LBColony Bgroup of the same species living or growing together.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCommissure Bin botany, a surface by which adhering carpels (female organ of a plant) are joined.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCommunity Ba group of plant species that grow in stable association.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCompetition Bthe interaction between different species vying for the same ecological niche, habitat or food supply.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCompound leaf Bcomposed of separate, smaller leaflets.Ec[000000]f[16]LBConiferous forest Bcomprised primarily of evergreens, usually located in cool, dry climates.Ec[000000]f[16]LBConvective Bthe transfer of heat or other atmospheric properties by massive motion, especially motion directed upward.Ec[000000]f[16]LBConvention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation Bsigned in 1940; directs the Secretary of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to cooperate with other parties to identify measures necessary to protect migratory birds and plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCopepods Bsmall marine and freshwater crustaceans of the order Copepoda.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCopulation Bthe process by which sperm is transferred from the male to the female.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCoquis Bassociated with a marine clam of the genus Donax.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCoralline Bpertaining to or resembling coral; also red algae covered with a calcareous substance and forming stony deposits.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCordate Bhaving a heart-shaped outline.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCoriaceous Btough; leather like.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCorolla Bthe inner portion of a flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCotyledon Bin botany, a leaf of a plant embryo, being the first or one of the first to appear from a sprouting seed; in anatomy, the lobule of the placenta.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCourtship Bbehavior in animals prior to mating.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCoverts Bone of the feathers covering the longer main feathers of a bird's wing or tail.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCovey Bgroup of birds, usually applied to game birds such as quail.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCrepuscular Bbecoming active at twilight or before sunrise.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCrest Ba tuft or ridge on the head of a bird or other animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCrossblotches Bindistinct sequenced specks on a fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCrustaceans Binvertebrates that include shrimps, crabs and other small marine species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCtenoid Bhaving narrow segments or spines resembling the teeth of a comb; fish with ctenoid scales.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCulm Bthe jointed stem of a grass or sedge.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCuneate Bnarrow wedge-shaped leaves that taper toward the base.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCusp Bthe fold or flap of a heart valve; also, a pointed end.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCutaneous Baffecting the skin.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCuticle Bthe layer of waxlike, water-repellent material covering the epidermis (outer layer) of plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCycle Ba series of events that occurs repeatedly in the same sequence.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCyme Ba flat-topped flower cluster that blooms from the center toward the edges, and whose main axis is terminated by a flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCymose Bpertaining to a cyme (a flat-topped flower cluster that blooms from the center toward the edges, and whose main axis is terminated by a flower).Ec[000000]f[16]LBCyprinid Bsmall freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, which includes minnows, carps, and shiners.Ec[000000]f[16]LBCyprinodont Bsmall, soft-finned fish of the family Cyprinodontidae, which includes killifishes and topminnows.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDDT Ba pesticide that causes eggshell thinning in birds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDecapod Bten-legged arthropods.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDeciduous Bshedding or losing foliage at the end of a growing season, such as trees losing leaves in the fall.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDecumbent Bgrowing along the ground but erect at the apex (tip).Ec[000000]f[16]LBDecussate Barranged on a stem in opposite pairs at right angels to those above and below.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDeforestation Bthe process of clearing forests.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDehiscent Bopening at the pores or splitting to release seeds within a fruit or pollen from an anther.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDemersal Bspecies that inhabit the bottom or near bottom of the sea.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDentate Bedged with tooth-like projections.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDenticulate Bfinely toothed.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDepressed Bthe body form of a reptile that is flattened laterally.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDermal Bpertaining to the skin.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDesert Bhabitat with low rainfall and sparse vegetation.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDesiccation Bthe process of drying out.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDesmid Bgreen, unicellular freshwater algae of the family Desmidiaceae that often forms chain like colonies.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDetritus Bdecomposing organisms that serve as a food supply to many species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDextral Bpertaining to the right side; in zoology, pertaining to a gastropod shell that has its aperture (opening) to the right when facing the observer with the apex (top) upwardEc[000000]f[16]LBDiapause Ba period during which growth or development is suspended, as in insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDiatom Bminute unicellular or colonial (living in colonies) algae having siliceous cell walls consisting of two overlapping symmetrical parts.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDichasium Ba flat-topped flower cluster having two lateral stems branching from the main axis.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDichromatize Bto become divided into parts or branches.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDigitigrade Bwalking so that only the toes touch the ground.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDimorphism Bthe occurrence of two distinct forms of the same parts, such as leaves, flowers or stamens, in a single plant or in plants of the same kind; in zoology, differing characteristics between male and female.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDioecious Bhaving male and female flowers borne on separate plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDiploid Bhaving a homologous (genetically the same) pair of chromosomes for each characteristic except sex.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDisk Bthe round center of a ray flower, such as a daisy, around which petals are arranged.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDispersal Bmigration of individuals from their home range.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDisplay Ba pattern of behavior that serves as communication between species, such as mating rituals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDistal Banatomically located far from the origin or line of attachment.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDiurnal Bplants that open during daylight and close at night; animals that are active during the day and sleep at night.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDiversity Bthe number of differing species in a habitat.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDivision Bin botany, a taxonomic grouping of organisms belonging to similar classes; the equivalent of phylum.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDorsal Bsituated at the rear of an animal, such as the dorsal fin in a fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDorsoventral Bextending from a dorsal (rear) to a ventral (front) surface.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDorsum Ba part of an organ analogous to the back.Ec[000000]f[16]LBDrupe Ba fleshy fruit, such as a peach or plum, usually having a single, hard stone that encloses a seed.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEcology Bthe study of the relationship of plants and animals to each other and to their habitats.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEcosystem Ba community of organisms that interact with each other and their environment.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEctocone Ban ecological community of mixed vegetation formed by the overlapping of adjoining communities.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEdaphic Bpertaining to the soil as it affects living organisms.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEllipsoid Ban ellipse-shaped surface.Ec[000000]f[16]LBElytral Bthe thickened, hard fore-wing of a beetle or a platelike respiratory structure on the dorsal surface of a scale worm.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEmarginate Bhaving a notched tip.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEmbryo Ban organism in the early stages of development; unhatched.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEndangered Species Act of 1973 BThe purposes of Act are to determine on the basis of scientific evidence alone whether any species is endangered or threatened and to "list" the ones that are; to prohibit anyone from harming a listed species; protect the species from illegal trade; and to prevent government Ec[000000]f[16]LFprograms from jeopardizing a listed species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEndemic Bspecies that are native to a specific region; non-endemic species are called "exotic."Ec[000000]f[16]LBEntisols Bsoils without natural genetic horizons or with weakly developed horizons.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEntomology Bthe study of insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEnvironment Ball the conditions that affect the growth and sustenance of organisms.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEnvironmental stress Bstress on a species caused by the dwindling of resources necessary to sustain an organism's survival.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEpiphyseal Bpart of the bone, often the end of a long bone, that develops separated from the main portion of the cartilage.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEpiphyte Ba plant, such as certain orchids and ferns, that grows on another plant for mechanical support but not for nutrients; epiphytes are not considered parasites.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEpiphytic Bpertaining to an epiphyte (a plant, such as certain orchids and ferns, that grows on another plant for mechanical support but not for nutrients).Ec[000000]f[16]LBEpithet Ba descriptive substitute for the name.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEricoid habitat Boccurring in association with an ericaceous (heath family) shrub layer.Ec[000000]f[16]LBErose Birregularly notched, toothed, or indented.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEstrus Ba regularly recurring period of ovulation and sexual excitement in mammals other than humans.Ec[000000]f[16]LBEutrophication Bin a body of water, the process in which the increase of mineral and organic nutrients has reduced the oxygen, producing an environment that favors plants over animal life.Ec[000000]f[16]LBExotic Ba plant or organism that is not endemic to a region; non-native, introduced.Ec[000000]f[16]LBExstipulate Bhaving no stipules.Ec[000000]f[16]LBExtinct Ba species that has no surviving individuals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBExtirpate Bto eliminate a population.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFalcate Bcurved and tapering to a point.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFamily Ba taxonomic category below Order and above Genus based on the grouping of related genera. For example, within the BClassB called birds, the families are grouped into categories such as falcons, sparrows, ducks, and parrots.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFascicled Ba bundle like cluster of stems, flowers or leaves.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFauna Banimal life.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFemoral Bpertaining to the thigh.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFertilization Bthe union of a sperm and egg that stimulates growth of the embryo.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFilter feeding Bin marine life, the process of filtering food from water through a siphoning organ.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFimbriate Bfringed, as the edge of a petal or the opening of a duct.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFin Bthat portion of a fish's body that propels it or assists in swimming.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFish ladder Ba device constructed by people that assists spawning fish to pass an obstruction, usually a dam.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFlagellum Bwhip like extensions of unicellular organisms, usually used for locomotion.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFlank Bthe side or lateral part of the body.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFledgling Bstage of development in birds when flight feathers are developed.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFlora Bplants of a region or period.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFloriferous Bbearing flowers.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFoliaceous Bhaving leaves or a leaflike structure.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFollicle Ba single-chambered fruit that splits along only one seam to release its seeds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFontanelle Bthe soft membranous intervals between the incompletely ossified cranial bones of a fetus or infant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFood chain Binterdependence of feeding organisms that prey upon lower or more vulnerable species. Frequently, if one species in a food chain is eliminated, all species within the chain are affected. For example, when farmers exterminated prairie dogs in the midwest, a dramatic decline in the black footed ferret occurred.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFossil Ban impression or cast of a plant or animal preserved in rock.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFostering Bwhen the young of one species are raised by parents of a related species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFrog Ba smooth-skinned amphibian, usually aquatic or semi-aquatic.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFrontal shield Barea covering the forehead of birds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFruit dispersal Brelease of seeds or pollen.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFuscous Bdusky; dark gray or grayish brown.Ec[000000]f[16]LBFusiform Btapering at each end; spindle shaped.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGalea Ba helmet-shaped part, as in the upper part of certain plants and insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGamete Ba mature sperm or egg capable of participating in fertilization.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGanglia Bin anatomy, a group of nerve cells located outside the brain or spinal cord in vertebrates; in pathology, a cystic lesion resembling a cyst-like tumor.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGastropods Ba mollusk of the class Gastropoda, including snails, slugs, and limpets, characteristically having a single, usually coiled shell and a ventral muscular mass serving as an organ of locomotion.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGenetic Bpertaining to characteristics that are passed by chromosomes from one generation to the next.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGenus Bprincipal subdivision of a family, such as rattlesnakes (BgenusB) being a type of snake (BfamilyB), which is a type of serpent (BorderB), which is a type of reptile (BclassB).Ec[000000]f[16]LBGeologic strata Blayers of the Earth's surface.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGeomorphologic agent Ba force causing change in land forms.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGestation period Bamount of time the developing young are carried within the body of the mother.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGill slits Bthe openings in the gill that permit water to enter.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGills Bthe principal respiratory organ of a fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGlabrous Bhaving no hairs; smooth.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGlaciate Bto subject to glacial action; to cover with ice or a glacier.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGlobose Bspherical.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGlochidia Ba parasitic larva, produced by freshwater mussels, that have hooks to attach to a host fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGlumes Ba chaffy, basal bract on the spikelet of a grass.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGonad Btesticle or ovary; an organ that produces reproductive cells.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGonopodium Ba penetrating organ used in copulation.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGonopore Ba reproductive aperture or pore.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGranivorous Bfeeding on grain and seeds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGravid Bpregnant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGular Bpertaining to or located on the throat.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGynaecandrous Bstaminate and pistallate flowers that are located on the same spike.Ec[000000]f[16]LBGynoecium Bthe female reproductive organs of a flower; the pistil or pistils collectively.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHabitat Bthe locality and conditions which support the life of an organism.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHacking Bto release a captive-bred bird into the wild.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHaploid Bhaving half the number of normal chromosomes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHaplustolls Ba well- to moderately well-drained darkly colored soil that is textured of loamy, very fine sand.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHatchling Ba young animal that has just emerged from its shell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHead shields Beasily identifiable structures which arch over the lip in some nematodes (threadlike worms).Ec[000000]f[16]LBHeadpool Bheadwater pool.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHeliothermic Borganisms that maintain a comparatively high body temperature by basking in the sun.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHelper Bin birds, a bird without young of her own that assists in the nurturing of other young.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHerbaceous Bgreen and leaflike in appearance and texture.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHerbicide Ba chemical used to kill plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHerbivore Bspecies that feed mainly on plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHermaphrodite Ban organism, such as a worm, having male and female reproductive organs in the same individual.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHeteromorphic Bpossessing two sets of stamens (male reproductive organs in plants) of unequal length.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHeterostylous Ba polymorphism of flowers which helps to prevent self-pollination by having various lengths of styles and stamens between individuals of a species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHexapod Bsix-legged arthropods.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHibernacula Ba case, covering or structure in which an organism remains dormant for the winter; the shelter of a hibernating animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHispid Bcovered with stiff or rough hair, or bristles.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHolostomatous Ba minute opening of a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor pass.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHolotype Bthe specimen used as the basis of the original published description of a taxonomic species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHome range Ban area defined by the habitual movements of an animal. Ec[000000]f[16]LBHost fish Ba fish on which mussel larvae reside until they are capable of surviving on their own.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHost Ban organism that harbors and provides nourishment for a parasite.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHummock Ba low mound, ridge or knoll.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHumults Bfreely drained ultisols which have a high content of organic matter.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHyaline Ba glossy or transparent appearance.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHybrid Ban offspring produced by parents of different species; for example, a donkey and a horse produce a mule.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHypanthium Bthe modified, often enlarged floral receptacle of various plants, having a cup-shaped or tubular form.Ec[000000]f[16]LBHypogynous Bhaving floral parts or organs that are below and not in contact with the ovary.Ec[000000]f[16]LBImmature Bjuvenile; in insects, the larval stage of development.Ec[000000]f[16]LBImperforate Bhaving no opening.Ec[000000]f[16]LBImpoundment Baccumulation of water in a reservoir.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIncubation Bkeeping eggs warm until they hatch.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIndian tribal law Blaws that extend to Native Americans certain exceptions to the protective measures of the Endangered Species Act, such as taking for sustenance limited quantities of endangered species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIndividual Ba single member of a population.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIndusia Ban enclosing membrane, as that covering the sorus (spore cases) of a fern.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInflated Bin botany, hollow and enlarged.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInflorescence Bflower cluster.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInsectivore Ban organism that feeds primarily on insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInstar Bthe stage between molts in insects; larval development stages.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInterbrood intervals Bperiod between producing young.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInterneural Bin between nerves.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIntersupraocular scales Bscales above and between the eyes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIntroduced Ba plant or animal that has been brought in from outside a region; also called "exotic" or "non-native."Ec[000000]f[16]LBInvasion Bthe migration of a species into a new area, usually to the detriment of organisms already living there.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInvertebrate Banimals lacking a backbone, such as insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBInvolucre Ba whorl of leaflike scales or bracts beneath or around a flower or flower cluster.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIsohyperthermic Ban equally high temperature regime of soils (above 25 degrees Celsius at 50 centimeters depth).Ec[000000]f[16]LBIsolated Ba portion of a breeding population that is cut off from the rest of the population.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIsopod Bcrustacean of the order Isopoda, which includes sow bugs and gribbles.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIUCN Red Data Book Bthe official listing document of threatened species worldwide by the Swiss organization, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, now known as the World Conservation Union.Ec[000000]f[16]LBKeel Ba prominent ridge on the back of an animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBKeratin Ba tough, fibrous protein substance that forms the outer layer of epidermal structures (protective covering) such as hair, nails, horns and hoofs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBKingdom Bthe highest taxonomic division into which organisms are classified, as either animals or plants. Some organisms not readily classified as plants or animals, such as amoebae and paramecium, are sometimes classified in a third kingdom called Protista.Ec[000000]f[16]LBKrill Bsmall marine creatures that serve as an important food supply to fish, whales, and birds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBKuchler system BAn approximation of the potential natural vegetation of the U.S., established by A. W. Kuchler.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLacustrine Bliving or growing in lakes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLamella Ba thin scale, plate or layer, as found in the gills of a bivalve mollusk and the gills of a mushroom.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLanceolate Bnarrow and tapering at each end.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLarva Ba pre-adult form of a species that does not resemble the adult.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLateral Bpertaining to the side of an animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLegume Ba pod, such as a pea or bean, that splits into two valves with seeds attached to the lower edge of one of the valves.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLemma Bthe outer, lower bract enclosing the flower in a grass spikelet.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLenticels Bsmall pores on the surface of stems of woody plants that allow the passage of gases to and from the interior tissue.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLepidopterous Binsects with four wings covered with small scales, including moths and butterflies.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLife cycle Bthe sequence of events in the progression of an organism from birth to death.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLimnetic Bpertaining to the deeper, open waters or lakes or ponds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLinear leaf Blong, narrow leaf, characterized by parallel veins.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLithic Bpertaining to stone, or lithium-based.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLittoral Ba shore or coastal region.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLive-bearing Bgiving birth to fully-developed young; ovoviviparous.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLobed leaf Bcharacterized by rounded projections.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLocalized Bfound within a limited geographic area.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLoculicidal Ba small cavity or compartment within an organ or part, such as a plant ovary.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLore Bthe area between a bird's eye and the base of the bill; the area between the snout and eye of a snake or fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLotic Bpertaining to or living in moving water.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLunular Bcrescent shaped.Ec[000000]f[16]LBLycaenid Ba member of the family Lycaenidae; a heteroneuran lepidopteran insect, including moths and butterflies.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMaculation Bthe spotted markings on a plant or animal, such as the spots on a leopard.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMamma Ban organ of female mammals that contains milk-producing glands.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMammal Bvertebrates that are warm-blooded, usually possess hair, and nourish their young on the mother's milk.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMandible Bthe skeleton of the lower jaw; one of the two jaws of a bird that comprise the bill.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMandibles Bthe lower jaw in vertebrates; either the upper or lower part of the beak in birds; any one of several mouth parts in insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMandibular Bpertaining to the jaw.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMangrove Ba tropical tree with exposed roots forming an interlocking mass; often vital to stabilizing shore lines.Ec[000000]f[16]LBManzanita Ban evergreen shrub of Pacific North America bearing white or pink flowers in clusters.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMarsupial Ba mammal of the order Marsupialia, found mainly in Australia, that includes kangaroos, opossums and wombats; set apart by urogenital and skeletal differences.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMarsupium Ban external abdominal pouch in female marsupials that contains mammary glands (breasts) and that shelters the young; also, a temporary egg pouch in animals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMelanistic Bdarkness of the skin, hair or eyes resulting from high pigmentation (coloration).Ec[000000]f[16]LBMelanophore Ba chromatophore (pigment producing cell, or a pigmated animal cell that can change the color of the skin, as in some lizards) that contains melanin (a dark pigment).Ec[000000]f[16]LBMesic Distichlis meadows Bwell-drained grassy meadows.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMesocone Bprotrusion in gastropods.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMetabolism Bchemical process within an organism to release energy.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMetamorphosis Bdevelopment from one stage of maturity to the next, usually with marked change in appearance.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMetatarsus Ba part of the hind foot in four-legged animals or in the foot of birds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMicroclimate Bthe conditions immediately surrounding an organism, often differing significantly from the environment as a whole.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMigration Bthe seasonal movement of animals from one territory to another.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMigratory Bird Treaty Act BThis treaty of 1918 provides legal protection of migratory birds; it also paved the way for cooperation in avian management between the U.S. and bordering countries.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMogotes Bsmall outcrop.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMollusk Banimals that have a muscular foot and a dorsal shell, such as snails and mussels.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMolt Bto shed the outer covering.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMonocarpic Bproducing a single fruit.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMonoclinous Bhaving pistils and stamens in the same flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMonoecious Bhaving male and female reproductive organs is separate flowers on the same plant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMonogamous Bhaving one mate for life.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMonophagous Beating only one kind of food.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMonophyletic Bpertaining to a single phylum of plants or animals; derived from one source.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMonotypic Bthe only member of its genus.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMontane forest Bforest located at the middle altitude of a mountain.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMorph Bany individual of a polymorphic (the occurrence of different forms, stages, or color types in organisms of the same species) group.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMorphology Bthe biological study of the form and structure of living organisms.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMosaic bones Bbone tissue composed of somatic cells of genetically different types; this phenomenon is caused by gene or chromosome mutations.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMucronate Ba sharp tip of some plants and animal organs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMucronulate Bhaving a sharp terminal point or spiny tip.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMycelium Bthe vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike filaments called hyphae.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMycorrhizae Bthe symbiotic (mutually beneficial) association of the mycelium (filaments) of a fungus with the roots of a plant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBMyriapod Ban arthropod, such as a centipede, with segmented bodies and many legs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNacre BMother-of-pearl.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNative Bindigenous; original to the region; not introduced from another region; endemic.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNectar Bsecretion from plants that attracts pollinators.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNematode Ba worm of the phylum Nematoda, having unsegmented, threadlike bodies, many of which are parasitic, as the hookworm.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNester Ba species that nests.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNiche Bthe adaptive position of a species within the ecosystem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNocturnal Bactive at night.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNon-native Balien to an area; sometimes called "exotic"; not endemic.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNuchal Bpertaining to the neck; in insects, the dorsal region of the thorax.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNuehal hump Bany hump on the nape of the neck.Ec[000000]f[16]LBNutrient Bfood substance that promotes growth.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOblanceolate Bbroader and rounded at the apex (tip) and tapering at the base.Ec[000000]f[16]LBObligate lacustrine suckers Bfish (suckers) that can survive only in lakes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOcreolae Bsheafs composed of one or more stipules, enclosing the leafstalk.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOff-road vehicle Bvehicles designed to travel over rough terrain and, incidentally, often destroy wildlife.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOlivaceous Bolive green color.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOmnivore Ba species that eats a large variety of foods.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOostegites Bplates on the thoracic limbs of certain crustaceans, forming a brood-pouch in which the young develop.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOperculum Ba lid or flap covering an aperture, such as the gill cover in fish or the horny shell cover in snails.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOpportunistic Ba species that adapts its feeding habits to the most available food source.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOrder Ba systematic grouping of organisms belonging to similar families. The order divides the class into animals that share many common characteristics. For example, the BClassB called "reptiles" is further divided into the BOrderB of turtles and snakes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOssify Bto change into bone.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOstracods Bminute, chiefly freshwater crustaceans of the order Ostracoda that have a bivalve carapace (a shell with two hinged parts).Ec[000000]f[16]LBOvergrazing Boccurs when animals feed too long in one area, causing destruction of vegetation and erosion of soil.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOviposition Bto lay eggs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOvoid Begg shaped.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOvotestis Bthe hermaphroditic (bisexual) reproductive glands of some gastropods.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOvoviviparous Bthe condition in which eggs are hatched within the mother and born alive.Ec[000000]f[16]LBOvum Bthe female reproductive cell (eggs) in animals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPair bond Ba long-term relationship between a male and a female. Pair bond species mate for one or several breeding season while monogamous species mate for life.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPalea Bsmall, chafflike bract enclosing the flower of a grass spikelet.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPallial Bpertaining to the mantle (membrane between the body and shell) of a mollusk.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPalmate leaf Bdivided so as to radiate from one point like a hand.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPalmate Bhaving leaflets or lobes radiating from one point; resembling a palm.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPanicle Ba flower cluster that is loosely and irregularly branched.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPaniculate-cymose Birregularly branched flower cluster blooming from the center.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPapillae Ba small, nipple like projection.Ec[000000]f[16]LBParasite Ban organism that extracts nutrients from another host organism.Ec[000000]f[16]LBParasitic stage Bthe period during the development of an organism in which it feeds on and is sheltered by a different organism (host).Ec[000000]f[16]LBParatypes BA specimen other than the holotype which was collected before the original description but has been deemed one of the specimens upon which the original description was based.Ec[000000]f[16]LBParietal Bin anatomy, relating to either of the parietal bones, which are two large, irregularly quadrilateral bones that form, with the occipital bones, the sides and top of the skull; in botany, attached to the ovary wall.Ec[000000]f[16]LBParthenogenic Breproduction without contact between the sexual organs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBParturition Bpertaining to childbirth or labor.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPasserines Bbirds of the order Passerineformes, which includes perching birds and song birds, such as jays, blackbirds, finches, warblers and sparrows.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPaucispiral Bgrowth lines on a snail's operculum occurring as a few, rapidly expanding spirals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPectin Bcolloidal substances found in ripe fruits, such as apples; pectin is used commercially to jell foods, drugs and cosmetics.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPectinase Ba plant enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pectin.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPectoral Bin animals, pertaining to the chest muscle; in fish, the fin located nearest the head.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPedicel Bsmall stalks bearing a single flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPedicellate Bsupported by a pedicel (small stalk).Ec[000000]f[16]LBPedipalpi Bappendages of an arachnid that are modified for sensory functions.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPeduncle Bin botany, a stalk or stem bearing a solitary flower; in zoology, a starlike structure in invertebrate animals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPelage Bthe coat of a mammal consisting of hair, fur, wool or other soft covering as distinct from bare skin.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPelagic Bocean-dwelling.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPendent Bhanging down, dangling or suspended.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPendulous Bhanging loosely so as to swing or sway.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPeraeonal segment Ban individual segment of the shell in a sequence.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPeraeonal Ba segment of a snail's shell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPercoid Bpertaining to the suborder of fish including perches, sunfishes, groupers, and grunts.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPerianth Bthe outer envelope of a flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPeridotite Bigneous rocks having a granite like texture.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPeriodicity Brecurring patterns of behavior.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPeriostracum BA protective layer covering the outer portion of a mollusk shell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPeriphyton Bstationery organisms that live attached to surfaces projecting from the bottom of a freshwater environment.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPetal Ba segment of the corolla of a flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPetiole Bin botany, the stalk by which a leaf is attached to the stem; in zoology, the slender stalk like connection between the thorax and the abdomen in certain insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPetrel Bseabirds of the order Procellariiformes, especially the storm petrel.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhacelia BGastric filament; functions to kill or paralyze live prey taken into the stomach of the species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPharyngeal teeth Bteeth developed on the pharyngeal bone in many fishes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhenology Bthe study of periodic biological occurrences and behavior, such as flowering, breeding, and migration.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhenophases Bleaf color change.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhenotype Borganisms exhibiting similar environmentally and genetically observable appearances.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhotoperiod Bthe number of hours of light in a given day.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhotosynthesis Bthe process by which plants convert light to chemical energy and synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide to oxygen.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhreatic water Bground water.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhyllite Ba green, gray or red metamorphic rock similar to slate.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhylum Bafter dividing organisms by their kingdomsùanimals and plantsùthe phylum distinguishing organisms by their bodily structure; for example, sponges form one group within the phylum while mollusks and arthropods form two other groups. Vertebrates (animals with Ec[000000]f[16]LFbackbones) are grouped into a separate phylum, called a subphylum, which includes mammals and birds; the divisions of the animal kingdom, synonymous to the division of plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPhytoplankton Baquatic, microscopic plants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPilose Bcovered with fine, soft hair.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPinnate leaf Bcompound leaf with leaflets arranged in pairs along a stem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPinnate Bhaving leaflets, lobes or divisions in a feather like arrangement on each side of a common axis, as in many compound leaves.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPinnatifid Bhaving pinnately (arranged on either side of a common axis) cleft lobes or divisions.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPistil Bthe seed-bearing organ of a flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPlanispiral Bhaving a shell coiled in one plane.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPlastron Bthe ventral (under) surface of the shell of a turtle or tortoise.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPlate loss Ba phenomena experienced in which there is a loss of scutes, lamina or other than flat structure.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPlecopteran nymphs BThe immature larval stage of a stonefly.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPleistocene Bbelonging to the geologic period characterized by northern glaciation and the appearance of early forms of humansEc[000000]f[16]LBPollination Bthe process by which pollen is transported to the female parts of a flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPollution Bthe disruption of an ecosystem by contaminants.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPolyandry Bhaving an indefinite number of stamens (male reproductive organs).Ec[000000]f[16]LBPolyembryonic Bhaving multiple embryos.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPolygamy Bhaving more than one mate at the same time. More specifically, the female hatches more than one brood in a nesting season with different mates.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPolymorphism Bthe occurrence of different forms, stages, or color types in organisms of the same species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPopulation Ba group of individuals within a defined area that is capable of interbreeding.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPostcleithrum Ba membrane-bone between the cleithrum and the supracleithrum in the pectoral girdle of a bony fish. These three bones are of dermal origin and are superimposed upon the original cartilaginous pectoral girdle which consists of the scapulae and coracoids.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPosterior margin Btoward the back end; used in reference to mussel/clam anatomy.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPosterior Bthe rear or tail region of an animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPostocular Bbehind the eyes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPrecambrian Bthe oldest and most expansive of geological periods characterized by the appearance of primitive life forms.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPrecocial Bpertaining to birds that are covered with down and capable of mobility when first hatched.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPredator Ban animal that hunts other animals for food.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPremaxillae Bbones located in front of and between the maxillary bones in the upper jaw of vertebrates.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPrey Banimals that are hunted by predators.Ec[000000]f[16]LBProandrous Bcondition in which the stamens (male organ) of a flower mature before the pistil (female organ) is receptive.Ec[000000]f[16]LBProgenitor Ba direct ancestor or originator of the line of descent.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPronotum Bplates covering the first segment of the thorax in insects.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPropagules Bportion of an organism capable of producing a new individual.Ec[000000]f[16]LBProsoma Bthe anterior (front) portion of the body of an invertebrate when primitive segmentation is not evident.Ec[000000]f[16]LBProstrate Bgrowing flat along the ground.Ec[000000]f[16]LBProtozoa Bsingle-shelled, usually microscopic organisms of the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa, which included the most primitive forms of animal life.Ec[000000]f[16]LBProtractile premaxillaries Bbones located in the upper jaw of vertebrates that are capable of being extended.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPuberulent Bcovered with minute hairs or very fine down.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPubescent Bcovered with short hairs or soft down; also, having reached puberty.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPupa Bthe inactive stage in the metamorphosis (evolution) of many insects following the larval stage and preceding the adult form.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPupal stage Bthe non-feeding period when larval tissues are reformed into adult structure inside a cocoon.Ec[000000]f[16]LBPupation Bto become a pupa (pre adult).Ec[000000]f[16]LBPustule Ba small swelling similar to a blister or pimple.Ec[000000]f[16]LBpH Ba measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equivalent to 7 for neutral solutions; the numerical scale increases with alkalinity and decreases with acidity.Ec[000000]f[16]LBQuadrate Bin zoology, a bone or cartilage of the skull joining the upper and lower jaws in birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians.Ec[000000]f[16]LBQuartzipsamment Bsandy, quartz-based soilEc[000000]f[16]LBRaceme Bthe arrangement of flowers singly along a common main stalk, as in the lily of the valley.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRachis Bthe main stem of an inflorescence (flower cluster).Ec[000000]f[16]LBRack Bthe antlers of mammals in the family Cervidae, including deer and moose.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRadio tracking Busing an affixed transmitter to follow the movements of an animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRadipose Ba fleshy fin posterior to the dorsal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRadula Bin mollusks, a flexible tongue like organ with rows of horny teeth on the surface.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRange Bgeographical area wherein a species resides.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRaptor Ba bird of prey.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRays Bthe flat blades that encircle a flower disk; in zoology, one of the bony spines supporting the membrane of a fish's fin; also, a description for the color pattern or ridges on a shell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRedds Bthe eggs deposited in one spawning season in fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRefugia Bmultiple places of protection or shelter (refuges).Ec[000000]f[16]LBRefugial population Bthe plants or animals protected in a refuge.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRegolith Bthe layer of loose rock material resting on bedrock, and constituting the surface of most land.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRelict Ba localized species or population that has survived from an earlier epoch.Ec[000000]f[16]LBReticulate Bmarked with lines resembling a network, as in the veins of a leaf.Ec[000000]f[16]LBReticulations Bmarked with lines resembling a network, as in the veins of a leaf.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRetrices Bstiff tail feathers used for maneuvering during flight.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRevolute Brolled back on the under surface from the tip, as in some leaves before they open.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRhizomate Ba root like, usually horizontal stem growing under or along the ground that sends out roots from its lower surface and leaves from its upper surface.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRhomboidal Bshaped like a parallelogram with unequal adjacent sides.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRiffle Ba rocky shoal or sandbar lying just below the surface of a river.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRiparian Bpertaining to the bank of a natural course of water.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRosette Ba circular cluster of leaves or other plant parts.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRufous Breddish-brown color.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRufus Breddish-brown color.Ec[000000]f[16]LBRugose Bhaving a rough and ridged surface, as in prominently veined leaves.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSagittal Brelating to the structure that unites the two parietal bones of the skull.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSalamander Btype of amphibian characterized by a tail.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSalverform Ba phenomenon in which a flower has united petals in which the calyx and corolla (perianth) are the same size, shape and texture. The perianth extends from the center of the flower and the corolla has an elongated slender tube and a flared flat limb.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSaprophyte Ba plant that lives on or derives nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSavanna Bdry, scrub-dominated grassland with areas of bare earth.Ec[000000]f[16]LBScarious Bthin, membranous and dry.Ec[000000]f[16]LBScavenger Ban animal that feeds on dead animals it did not kill.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSclerophyllous forest Bcharacterized by thick hard foliage.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSclerotization Bthe process by which the cuticle of an insect is hardened.Ec[000000]f[16]LBScorpiod Bcurved or curled like the tail of a scorpion.Ec[000000]f[16]LBScrape Ba shallow depression that serves as a nest.Ec[000000]f[16]LBScrub Ba plant community characterized by scattered, low-growing trees and shrubs, interspersed with herbs, grasses, and patches of bare soil.Ec[000000]f[16]LBScute Ba horny, chitinous or bony external plate or scale, such as the shell of a turtle.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSeepage water Bwater flowing toward stream channels after infiltration into the ground.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSepal Busually green segments forming the calyx (outer covering) of a flower.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSericeous Bcovered with soft, silky hairs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSerrate Bhaving notched, toothlike projections.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSerrations Ba series of teeth or notches.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSessile Bin botany, stalkless and attached directly to the base; in zoology, permanently attached, not free-moving.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSheath Ba protective covering, such as the tubular base of a leaf surrounding a stem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBShiner Bsmall, often silvery North American fish of the family Cyprinidae.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSilique Ba long pod that is divided by a membranous partition and splits at both seams, such as the fruit of the mustards.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSiltation Bthe process of depositing silt.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSinistral Bin zoology, pertaining to a gastropod shell that has its aperture (opening) to the left when facing the observer with the apex (top) up.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSiphon Ba tubular organ, especially in aquatic invertebrates such as squids and clams, by which water is taken in or expelled.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSlackwater Bthe period at high or low tide when there is no visible flow of water; an area in a sea or river unaffected by currents.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSolifluction Bfreezing and thawing soil.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSolitary Bindividual that lives alone.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSori Bclusters of spore cases borne by ferns on the underside of the fronds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSorus Ba cluster of spore cases borne by ferns on the underside of the fronds.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSpatulate Bshaped like a spatular (broad, flat flexible blade)Ec[000000]f[16]LBSpawning Blaying and fertilizing of fish eggs, often involving migration to stream headwaters.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSpecialization Bevolution of a species so that it occupies a narrow place or niche in the community.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSpecies Ba group of organisms with distinct characteristics that is capable of interbreeding and producing like offspring; the basic taxonomic category, such as the San Francisco Garter Snake being a distinct biological type of water snake.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSpike Ba long flower cluster arranged along a stem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSpine Bin zoology, the spinal column of a vertebrate; in botany, a sharp-pointed, usually woody part extending from the stem of a plant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSpiracle Ba secondary gill slit positioned in front of the primary gill slits.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSquamation Ban arrangement of scales, as on a fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStamen Bthe pollen producing reproductive organ (male) of a flower, usually consisting of a filament and an anther.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStaminate Bbearing stamens but lacking pistils.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStatoconia Bone of the calcareous granules found in the statocyst of certain animals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStatocysts Bin botany, a cell containing calcium carbonate in a fluid medium; in zoology, a sensory vesicle containing calcium carbonate and which functions on the perception of the position of the body in space.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStatolith Ba small, movable concentration of calcium carbonate.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStellate Bshaped like a star; radiating from a center.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStipules Bone of the usually small paired leaflike appendages at the base of a leaf or leafstalk.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStoma Ba minute opening of a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor pass.Ec[000000]f[16]LBStriae Bmany lines.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSub-rhomboidal Bless than rhomboidal in shape (like a parallelogram with unequal adjacent sides).Ec[000000]f[16]LBSubgenus Btaxonomical category between a genus and a species, such as dogs (BgenusB) being divided into spaniels and terriers.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSubphylum Bsubdivision of phylum composed of closely related groups of animals, such as vertebrates.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSubspecies Ba subgroup that may in outward appearance and behavior appear to be identical to other members of the species but which possess characteristics that are biologically different.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSubstrate Bcomposition of stream bed; the surface on which a plant grows or is attached.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSubterminal mouth Blocated nearly at the end.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSubtropical Bregions bordering on the tropics.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSuccession Bprogressive changes in the composition of a plant community.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSucculent Ba plant having thick, fleshy leaves or stems that conserve moisture.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSucker Bin zoology, a chiefly North American fish having a thick-lipped mouth adapted for feeding by sucking; in botany, a secondary shoot arising from the base of a trunk.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSuffrutescent Bhaving a woody stem or base.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSulcus Bnarrow fissures separating cerebral convolutions (convex folds on the surface of the brain).Ec[000000]f[16]LBSuperclass Btaxonomic level between phylum and class; a combination of classes, such as fish.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSupralabials Babove the lip.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSupraoculars Babove the eye.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSutures Bin biology, a seam like joint or line of articulation, such as the line of dehiscence (an opening that releases seeds) in a seed or fruit; in anatomy, the line of junction between two bones, especially the skull.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSympatric Boccupying the same geographic area without interbreeding.Ec[000000]f[16]LBSynonyms Ba taxonomic name that is equivalent to or replaced by another name.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTadpole Bthe larva of a frog or toad.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTaenioglossate Ba long narrow tongue-like structure or a ribbon with tooth-like structure.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTaproot Bthe main root of a plant, usually stouter than the lateral roots and growing straight downward from the stem.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTarsus Bthe distal segmented structure on the leg of an insect or arachnid; in vertebrates, the section of the foot between the leg and metatarsus.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTautonym Ba taxonomic designation, such as IGorilla gorilla,I commonly used in zoology in which the genus and species names are the same.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTaxon Ba group of organisms with common characteristics constituting one of the categories in taxonomic classification, such as phylum, order or family.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTaxonomy Bthe science of classifying organisms.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTendril Ba long, slender, coiling root like extension that attaches climbing plants to their surface.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTerete Bcylindrical but usually slightly tapering at both ends.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTerminal Bin biology, appearing at the end of a stem, branch or stalk.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTerrapin Ba type of freshwater turtle.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTerrestrial Bliving on land.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTerritory Ban area that an animal will defend against intruders.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTertiaryB Bdichasia Bthe third flower cluster.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTertiary Bthe short flight feathers nearest the body on the inner edge of a bird's wing.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTetradynamous Bhaving four long stamens and two short ones, as in the androecium of the Cruciferea.Ec[000000]f[16]LBThoracic Bsituated near the thorax; the second or middle region in insects bearing the true legs and wings; in animals, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm.Ec[000000]f[16]LBThrum Bloose ends or fringe.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTneuiflora Ba specific name.Ec[000000]f[16]LBToad Ba warty-skinned, land frog.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTolerance limit Bphysical extremities beyond which a species cannot survive.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTomentum Bcovering of closely matted woolen hairs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTomial Bcutting edge of a bird's bill.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTorpor Ba state of inactivity.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTortoise Ba land turtle.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTribe Btaxonomic category between family and genus.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTrichotomous Bdivided into three parts.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTrichotomously branched Bbranched into three parts.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTridentate Blong, three-pronged fork.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTroglobite Ba cave-dwelling species.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTroglobitic Bcave-dwelling; in animals, a species that lives its completes its lifecyle in openings underground (like a cave), usually with small or absent eyes, attenuated appendages, and other adaptations to the subsurface environment.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTubercle Bin mussels a small raised area that limits water loss and prevents entry by microorganisms; a small knobby prominence on a plant or animal.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTuberculation Bhaving tubercles (small raised area in mussels that limits water loss)Ec[000000]f[16]LBTundra Ban area found at higher latitudes that is too cold for trees to grow.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTurbid Bmuddy; having sediment or foreign particles stirred up.Ec[000000]f[16]LBTurtle Bany shelled reptile.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUltisol Ba type of mineral soil with an accumulation of silicate clay layers with an average soil temperature of 8 degrees Celsius or higher.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUltramafic Bexcessively rich in magnesium and iron.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUmbel Ban umbrella-like flower cluster.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUmbo Bin biology, a knob like protuberance, such as a prominence near the hinge of a bivalve shell.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUmbonate Bknob like protuberance.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUndershell Bplastron.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUndulate Bmoving in a smooth, wave like motion.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUngulate Bhaving hoofs.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUnionids Bfresh water mussels.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUniserial Barranged in one row or in one sequence.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUnivoltine Bone flight season.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUronites Bpart of an abdominal appendage of some crustaceans.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUropods Bone pair of rear abdominal appendages of certain crustaceans, including lobsters and shrimp.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUstic Ba soil temperature regime common to subhumid and semiarid regions; moisture is limited; temperatures range between 5 degrees Celsius and 8 degrees Celsius at 50 cm depth.Ec[000000]f[16]LBUtricle Ba small, bladder like, one-seeded fruit.Ec[000000]f[16]LBValves Bone of the paired hinged shells of mollusks; one of the sections into which a seed pod or fruit splits.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVannal Bveins.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVariety Ba closer taxonomic relationship than subspecies.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVent Bthe anal opening of the body.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVenter Bin anatomy, the abdomen or belly; in biology, a swollen structure or part similar to a belly.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVentral Blocated at the lower side of a fish or bird.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVentrum Banal region.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVermiculation Bworm like marks; the condition of being worm eaten.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVertebrate Ban animal with a backbone.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVestigial Ba rudimentary or degenerate structure.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVesture Ba covering, especially cloth.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVibrissa Bfeather near the beak of an insectivorous (insect eating) bird.Ec[000000]f[16]LBVillous Bcovered with fine, unmatted hair.Ec[000000]f[16]LBViviparous Bin zoology, giving birth to living offspring that develop within the mother's body; in botany, producing seeds that germinate before becoming detached from the parent plant.Ec[000000]f[16]LBWetlands Bmarshes.Ec[000000]f[16]LBWhorl Bthree or more leaves radiating from a single point.Ec[000000]f[16]LBWingbar Bwhite or light colored lines or bars on a bird's wing near the shoulder.Ec[000000]f[16]LBXeric Badaptable to an extremely dry habitat.Ec[000000]f[16]LBZeroplated Blacking scutes, lamina, or other than flat structures.Ec[000000]f[16]LBZooplankters Bfloating, often microscopic aquatic animals.Ec[000000]f[16]LBZygomorphic Borganisms that are bilaterally symmetrical and capable of being divided along a single longitudinal plane.Ec[000000]f[16]LBZygotes Bthe cell formed through sexual union.Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Autoplay On/Off BI c[0000ff](f5)Options--Autoplac[000000]Uc[0000ff]yUc[000000]c[0000ff] On/Offc[000000] (speed key is the c[0000ff]yc[000000] key) toggles on/off the Timer, audio, and automatic displaying of information. Going to any other file automatically turns c[0000ff]Autoplac[000000]Uc[0000ff]yUc[000000] (back) c[0000ff]On c[000000] See BIPowerCDBIIc[0000ff] Ic[000000]BIHelpBI (c[0000ff]hc[000000] key) for more. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Autoread On/Off RBIIc[808080](TEXT and QUES files only)Ic[000000] Lc[0000ff](f5)Options--Autoc[000000]Uc[0000ff]rUc[000000]c[0000ff]eader On/Off c[000000](speed key is the c[0000ff]rc[000000] key) reads text aloud in a synthesized voice. Windows 3.1 plus special hardware and software is required. Going to any other file automatically turns c[0000ff]Autoc[000000]Uc[0000ff]rUc[000000]c[0000ff]eadc[000000] (back) c[0000ff]Offc[000000]. See BIPowerCDBIIc[0000ff] Ic[000000]BIHelpBI (c[0000ff]hc[000000] key) for more. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Autoview On/Off RBIIc[808080](VIEW files only)Ic[000000] Lc[0000ff](f5)Options--Autoviec[000000]Uc[0000ff]wUc[000000]c[0000ff]er On/Off c[000000](speed key is the c[0000ff]wc[000000] key) plays 10 seconds of each VIEW file. Going to any other file automatically turns c[0000ff]Autoviec[000000]Uc[0000ff]wUc[000000]c[0000ff]erc[000000] (back) c[0000ff]Offc[000000]. See BIPowerCDBIIc[0000ff] Ic[000000]BIHelpBI (c[0000ff]hc[000000] key) for more. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Backspace BII ISelect c[0000ff]Backspacec[000000] or c[0000ff]Right Mouse Buttonc[000000] to go back to the previous ten (10) References and/or files. The c[0000ff]Right Mouse Buttonc[000000] functions the same as the c[0000ff]Backspacec[000000] key UonlyU when the cursor is located within the BIPowerCDBI text window. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Compiler BI Windows program that compiles Word for Windows word processing files (*.doc extensions) into BIPowerCD Data FilesBI (*.txt and *.def extensions). BIPowerCD CompilerBI requires Word for Windows 2.0 and Windows 3.1 (or higher). Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Contents BI TEXT and PRES files often contain c[0000ff]Contentsc[000000] listing the subtitles or sections of the file. Select Bc[0000ff]cBc[000000], c[0000ff]Contentsc[000000], or c[0000ff](f3)GoTo--c[000000]Uc[0000ff]cUc[000000]c[0000ff]ontentsc[000000] to GoTo the Contents list for the file. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Data Files BI Files containing the audio, visual, and text information displayed by the BIPowerCD Run-Time EngineBI. There are four main types of BIPowerCD Data FilesBI: c[0000ff]PRESc[000000]entation, c[0000ff]TEXTc[000000], c[0000ff]VIEWc[000000]er, and c[0000ff]QUESc[000000]tion files. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Definitions BI Glossary entries containing short definitions of BIPowerCDBI features. View each one by selecting Ic[0000ff]PageDownIc[000000], Ic[0000ff]DownArrowIc[000000], or direct from the Glossary. For more complete explanations , see BIPowerCDBIIc[0000ff] Ic[000000]BIHelpBI (c[0000ff]hc[000000] key or c[0000ff](f5)--Helpc[000000]). Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Environment BI A multi-platform operating environment for displaying audio, visual, and text information on personal computers and information appliances. A BIPowerCDBI CD-ROM disc is comprised of BIPowerCD Data FilesBI plus one or more BIPowerCD Run-Time EngineBI's. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD EXAM BI In EXAM mode, BIPowerCDBI automatically generates an Exam of any selected length. Lower-case c[0000ff]mc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] takes you to Exam mode. Upper-case c[0000ff]Mc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] displays the UResultsU of your previous Exam. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Exit BI Select the c[0000ff]xc[000000] key or c[0000ff](f5)Options--Ec[000000]Uc[0000ff]xUc[000000]c[0000ff]itc[000000] to exit your BIPowerCDBI application. Any information not saved to a file or printed will be lost. BIPowerCDBI will always confirm an exit request before exiting. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Find Page Number BI Select the c[0000ff]nc[000000] key or c[0000ff](f5)Options--Find Page c[000000]Uc[0000ff]NUc[000000]c[0000ff]umberc[000000] to go to a specific page of a PRES, TEXT, or QUES file. Your file will begin playing from the chosen page unless c[0000ff]Autoplac[000000]Uc[0000ff]yUc[000000]c[0000ff] Offc[000000] has been selected. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Glossary BI A list of all words and terms contained in the Glossary for the BIPowerCDBI title. Glossary words and terms always appear as green text and may be selected directly with your mouse, or from an alphabetical list obtained by pressing the c[0000ff]gc[000000] key or c[0000ff](f5)Options--Glossaryc[000000]. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Help BI The UHelpU file is the last TEXT file on a BIPowerCDBI. Select the c[0000ff]hc[000000] key or c[0000ff](f5)Options--c[000000]Uc[0000ff]HUc[000000]c[0000ff]elpc[000000] to go directly to your last position in Help. You may go direct to Help from any file, and then return with c[0000ff]hc[000000] or c[0000ff]Backspacec[000000]. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Index BI Index files are the first TEXT file(s) and contain listings of every file. Select Bc[0000ff]iBc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoTo--c[000000]Uc[0000ff]iUc[000000]c[0000ff]ndexc[000000] to GoTo your last position in the Index. Select Upper-case Bc[0000ff]IBc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoTo--c[000000]Uc[0000ff]IUc[000000]c[0000ff]ndex c[000000]for the first page of the Index. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD (f1)Overture BI A list of certain PRES files which automatically play in a pre-set order. Lower-case c[0000ff]o,c[000000] or c[0000ff](f1)Overturec[000000] take you back to your last position in the BOvertureB. Upper-case c[0000ff]Oc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] displays the BOvertureB Table of Contents (TOC). Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD PRESentation files BI PRESentation files automatically play audio/visual presentations when selected. Lower-case c[0000ff]pc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] takes you back to the last-viewed PRES file Upper-case c[0000ff]Pc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] displays the Table of Contents (TOC) for all PRES files. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Printing BI Select c[0000ff](f5)Options--Print/Savec[000000] to text, a Table of Contents (TOC), or some Photos to a connected printer. You may also save text and Photos directly to a file on a floppy or hard disk. See BIPowerCDBIIc[0000ff] Ic[000000]BIHelpBI (c[0000ff]hc[000000] key) for more. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD QUEStion files BI QUEStion files are interactive PRES files with Answers and Explanations. Lower-case c[0000ff]qc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] takes you back to the last-viewed QUES file. Upper-case c[0000ff]Qc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] displays the Table of Contents(TOC) for QUES files. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD References BI Blue text that, when selected, either; (1) take you to another place in the current file; (2) take you to a different file; or (3) display VIEWer files on top of the file. References always appear as c[ff0000]blue textc[000000] and may be selected with your mouse or from c[0000ff](f2)Referencec[000000]. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Run-Time Engine BI Program or "engine" which displays the audio, visual, and text information contained in BIPowerCD Data FilesBI. A BIPowerCDBI CD-ROM disc typically contains several BIPowerCD Run-Time EngineBI's (DOS, Windows, Mac, etc.) to play on different types of hardware. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Saving Information BI Select c[0000ff](f5)Options--Print/Savec[000000] to save text, a Table of Contents(TOC), or a Photo (GIF format) to a floppy or hard disk. You may also print text directly to a connected printer. See BIPowerCDBIIc[0000ff] Ic[000000]BIHelpBI (c[0000ff]hc[000000] key) for more. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Speed Keys BIUc[0000ff]cUc[000000]ontents Uc[0000ff]iUc[000000]/Uc[0000ff]IUc[000000]ndex/(page 1) Uc[0000ff]gUc[000000]lossary Uc[0000ff]oUc[000000]/Uc[0000ff]OUc[000000]verture/TOC Uc[0000ff]hUc[000000]elp Uc[0000ff]pUc[000000]/Uc[0000ff]PUc[000000]RES file/TOC Find Page Uc[0000ff]nUc[000000]umber Uc[0000ff]tUc[000000]/Uc[0000ff]TUc[000000]EXT file/TOC AutoUc[0000ff]rUc[000000]ead On/Off Uc[0000ff]vUc[000000]/Uc[0000ff]VUc[000000]IEW file/TOC AutovieUc[0000ff]wUc[000000] On/Off Uc[0000ff]qUc[000000]/Uc[0000ff]QUc[000000]UES file/TOC AutoplaUc[0000ff]yUc[000000] On/Off Uc[0000ff]mUc[000000]/EXAUc[0000ff]MUc[000000]/Results EUc[0000ff]xUc[000000]it c[0000ff]Bkspacec[000000]/c[0000ff]RtMousec[000000] Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD TEXT files BI TEXT files contain text and require you to manually select pages and information. Lower-case c[0000ff]tc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] takes you back to the last-viewed TEXT file. Upper-case c[0000ff]Tc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] displays the Table of Contents (TOC) for all TEXT files. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD Timer BI The Timer displays the position of the Audio and/or the Script for PRES, VIEW, and QUES files. Uc[0000ff]PageDownUc[000000] or c[0000ff](f5)Options--Find Page c[000000]Uc[0000ff]NUc[000000]c[0000ff]umberc[000000] causes the Timer to jump to a pre-determined position at the beginning of each page. Ec[000000]f[16]LBIPowerCD VIEWer files BI VIEWer files contain photos, animation, references, and may contain audio. Lower-case c[0000ff]vc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] takes you back to the last-viewed VIEW file. Upper-case c[0000ff]Vc[000000] or c[0000ff](f3)GoToc[000000] displays the Table of Contents (TOC) for all VIEW files.