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1989-04-21
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subject: LINES
overview: Line functions have been grouped together in the menu
"Line functions" shown below. Many of these functions
are defined in the Keystrokes section of this manual.
┌───────────────────┐
│Line functions: │ page
╞═══════════════════╪═══════
│(A)dd line above │ 183
│(D)elete line │ 183
│(E)rase to line end│ 183
│(I)nsert line │ 183
│(J)oin lines │ 183
│(L)ines - special │ 187
│(P)age markers │ 184
│(S)plit line │ 183
│e(X)it │<--Exit Line Functions menu
└───────────────────┘
Detailed descriptions for "(P)age markers" and
"(L)ines - special" are given in this section.
(A)dd above: Insert a blank line above the cursor in the text area
and move the cursor up to that blank line. The cursor
column will remain unchanged (unless the Indent margin
comes into play). (Equivalent to the keystroke Ctrl A
outside the menus.)
(D)elete line: Delete the line in the text area in which the cursor
is located. (You can get the line back with the
Whoops key, Ctrl W.) (Equivalent to the keystroke F5
outside the menus when the cursor is in the text
area.)
(E)rase to end: In the text area, erase the character under the cursor
and all characters on the line to the right of the
cursor. (Equivalent to the keystroke F6 outside the
menus when the cursor is in the text area.)
(I)nsert line: Insert a blank line below the cursor in the text area
and move the cursor down to the blank line. The
cursor column remains unchanged. (Equivalent to the
keystroke Ctrl I outside the menus.)
(J)oin lines: Join the line on which the cursor is located with text
on the next line. If there is too much text in both
lines to fit in one line, the excess text will remain
on the second line. (Equivalent to the keystroke
Ctrl J outside the menus. See the "Keystrokes"
section for more detail and an example.)
(S)plit line: Split the line at the cursor. (Equivalent to the
keystroke Ctrl \ outside the menus. See the
"Keystrokes" section for more detail and an example.)
179
subject: PAGE MARKERS
discussion: The "(P)age markers" option in the "Line functions"
menu forces a page break after the line in which the
cursor is located. (Equivalent to the keystroke Ctrl P
outside the menus.)
The new page number may be absolute or relative to the
current page number. When the "(P)age markers" option
is selected, (you may exit with no effect by pressing
Esc), you are prompted to enter the desired page as:
Enter new page number: +0
+n implies skip n pages. n implies absolute page no.
Pressing the Enter key causes a page line looking like
├────────────── User-Page +0 ──────────────┤
to be inserted in your text file below the line on
which the cursor is located.
The page marker is used by PC-Type II when printing your
document. When PC-Type II encounters such a marker, it
spaces to the end of the physical page being printed,
prints a footer (if any), increments the page number
(in this case by one), and then continues.
If a '+' sign precedes the number you enter, then
PC-Type II will skip that number of pages when printing
your document. Hence, if page 14 was printing when
the line:
├────────────── User-Page +2 ──────────────┤
was encountered, the page number printed on the next
page would be 17, i.e., two page numbers would be
skipped for:
+0 --> 15
+1 --> 16
+2 --> 17
If no '+' sign precedes the number you enter, then
PC-Type II will set the next page to that number. If your
document was printing page 14 when it encountered the
page line:
├────────────── User-Page 50 ──────────────┤
then the page number 50 would be printed next. This
is useful when a document is too big to fit into
memory. By placing an absolute page number at the top
of each text file, the numbering can proceed as
desired.
180
modify: Page markers and Special Lines can not be edited. No
characters can be typed on top of them, they can not
be split, etc. However, they can be moved, copied and
deleted.
To modify a page marker, move the cursor to the page
marker line, and select the "(P)age markers" option
from the "Line functions" menu, or press Ctrl P. When
you do so, a window with the question:
Modify current page number line or insert new page line?
Press M or I
is displayed.
If you press M, then the number you enter in response
to
Enter new page number:
will replace the number in the current page marker
line. If you press I, then a new page marker line
will be inserted below the first with the new
reference you enter. (You may also press Esc to
cancel the request.)
paragraph: The page marker, like all Special Lines, constitutes a
paragraph break in the text. If a text line exists
immediately above the page line and another exists
immediately below the page line, then the page line
marks the end of the paragraph above and the beginning
of the next paragraph below. In this manner it is
equivalent to a blank line.
.PCT files: Page markers are saved to .PCT files exactly as you
define them. However, page markers in non-.PCT files
are saved as simple formfeed characters and the
relative/absolute characteristic of the markers are
lost. When PC-Type II loads a non-.PCT file, all
formfeed characters encountered are represented as:
├────────────── User-Page +0 ──────────────┤
181
subject: SPECIAL LINES
overview: NOTE:ïPage markers should be considered as Special
ïLines in the discussion which follows.
Special Lines are directives to PC-Type II for use when
printing a document. Many Special Lines come in
pairs, one to mark the beginning of a group of lines
and another to mark the end of a group of lines.
Special Lines cannot be edited. No characters can be
typed on top of them, they cannot be split, etc.
However, they can be moved, copied and deleted.
Special Lines mark a paragraph break in the text. If
text lines exist immediately above and below a Special
Line, the Special Line marks the end of the paragraph
above and the beginning of the next paragraph below.
In this manner it is equivalent to a blank line.
Unlike a blank line, it is not included in the count
of the number of lines on a page when printing,
performing Ctrl T, or moving up or down one printed
page in the text.
Special Lines are saved to .PCT files only. It is
assumed that they exist as printing directives, and
hence are intended for document files. Special Lines
cause characters to be placed in your text files which
have no meaning to programs other than PC-Type II. They
will not be saved to disk in non-.PCT files. When
saving your file you will be informed that they will
be lost unless you change the file extension to .PCT.
When you select the "(L)ines - special" option in the
"Line functions menu", the menu shown below will
appear. Each of the Special Line options in this menu
is discussed in the pages which follow.
┌──────────────────────┐
│Special lines: │ page
╞══════════════════════╪═══════
│ (C)onditional page │ 188
│ (D)on't print │ 190
│ (F)ooter defn │ 192
│ (H)eader defn │ 192
│ (M)ailmerge defn │ 189
│ (N)o reformat │ 190
│ (S)eparate paragraphs│ 189
│ (1) header off │ 193
│ (2) header on │ 193
│ (3) footer off │ 193
│ (4) footer on │ 193
│ (5) default hdr/ftr │ 193
│ e(X)it │<--Exit Special Lines menu
└──────────────────────┘
182
subject: CONDITIONAL PAGE
discussion: When you select the "(C)onditional page" option from
the "Special lines" menu, the two Special lines:
├─────────── Bgn conditnl page ────────────┤
├─────────── End conditnl page ────────────┤
are inserted in your text below the line in which the
cursor is located.
Each of these Special Lines should be moved to mark
the beginning and end of a block of text which should
not be split between different pages in your document.
These Special Lines are not counted in the number of
lines required to fill a page. If the "End conditnl
page" line is encountered before a new page has to be
started, then the existence of these two Special Lines
is ignored. However, if a new page has to be started
before the "End conditnl page" line has been reached,
then the new page will begin immediately after the
"Bgn conditnl page" Special Line.
example: Assume you have set the number of lines per page to 66
and have defined a header of 6 lines and a footer of 5
lines. You therefore have 55 lines of text for the
body of a printed page.
Suppose the following lines appear in your document:
░ Keep the group of lines below contiguous.
░├─────────── Bgn conditnl page ────────────┤
░ Line ONE - do not split.
░ Line TWO - do not split.
░ Line THREE - do not split.
░├─────────── End conditnl page ────────────┤
░ Keep the group of lines above contiguous.
If the line "... group of lines below ..." was the
45th line of the page being printed, then all the
lines shown would be printed on the given page as:
░ Keep the group of lines below contiguous.
░ Line ONE - do not split.
░ Line TWO - do not split.
░ Line THREE - do not split.
░ Keep the group of lines above contiguous.
However, if the line "... group of lines below ..."
was the 53rd line of the page being printed, then that
line would be the last line printed on the current
page. The line "Line ONE - do not split"
would be the first line printed on the next page.
183
subject: MAIL-MERGE DEFINITION LINES
discussion: Selecting the option "(M)ailmerge defn." in the
"Special lines" menu causes the following five lines
to be inserted in your text below the line on which
the cursor is located.
░├────────── Bgn Mail-Merge Def. ───────────┤
░.fspec file.IMP, Define or Keyboard
░.fieldn Vname
░.force Vname,"string"
░├────────── End Mail-Merge Def. ───────────┤
This block of data is used to define your mail-merge
parameters. The data between the two mail-merge
special lines can be edited as required. (See the
discussion "Mail-Merge Definition Block" in the
Mail-Merge section.)
This block of data may be located anywhere in your
file but it is normally placed at the beginning. None
of the lines of data in the mail-merge definition
block will be printed when you perform a mail-merge
operation, and these lines are not counted when
determining the line and page number on which the
cursor is located.
subject: PARAGRAPH MARKER
discussion: Selecting the option "(S)eparate paragraphs" in the
"Special lines" menu causes the line shown below to be
inserted in your text below the line on which the
cursor is located.
├──────────── Paragraph Marker ────────────┤
This is primarily used to inform PC-Type II that the end
of one paragraph and the beginning of another
paragraph has been reached if you are printing your
file single-spaced with no blank lines between
paragraphs. Without this marker, PC-Type II would not
know when to indent according to your Tab/Margin
definition.
This line is neither printed nor counted as a line for
page number determination.
184
subject: NO REFORMAT
discussion: Selecting the option "(N)o reformat" in the "Special
lines" menu causes the two lines shown below to be
inserted in your text below the line on which the
cursor is located.
├─────────── Begin NO Reformat ────────────┤
├──────────── End NO Reformat ─────────────┤
These lines should be moved to surround a block of
text you don't want reformatted. When the cursor is
between these two lines and you press Ctrl R (reformat
paragraph), the text will not be reformatted.
NOTE: If blank lines exist within the surrounded block
of text, Ctrl R will do some reformatting.
If you go to the Reformat menu and select the option
to reformat the entire file or any part of the file
that includes this text, it will not be reformatted.
If you redefine your tabs and tell PC-Type II to go ahead
and reformat, this section will not be reformatted.
If you specify a reformat option in a mail-merge
substitution inside such a block of text, it will not
be reformatted.
NOTE: If you highlight a part of the block of text
between these lines and neither extremity of the
highlighted area touches one of these Special
Lines, then that area can be reformatted.
The No Reformat lines are neither printed nor counted
as lines for the page number determination.
subject: NO PRINT
discussion: Selecting the option "(D)on't print" in the "Special
lines" menu causes the two lines shown below to be
inserted in your text below the line on which the
cursor is located.
├────────── Begin No Print Def. ───────────┤
├─────────── End No Print Def. ────────────┤
These lines should be moved before and after a block
of text which you want to see when you edit your file,
but not when you print the file.
Neither the Special Lines nor the block of text
between them will be printed, nor will they be counted
as lines for the page number determination.
185
subject: HEADERS AND FOOTERS OVERVIEW
overview: Headers and footers define the information to be
printed at the top and bottom of each page of text as
well as the size of the top and bottom margins of a
page. Besides text, which you define, headers and
footers can also contain page numbers, dates and
times.
(For a complete discussion of how to define headers
and footers, see "HEADER/FOOTER (Definition)" in the
Configuration section of this manual.)
Within the Configuration Menu, you can define default
headers and footers and save these definitions in your
.PRO file. When you print a file, (unless you turn
headers and footers OFF in the "PRINT OPTIONS" window)
these default headers and footers will be printed.
If you want the header and footer definitions to
change or if you want to turn headers and footers off
and then back on within the same document, then you
must use some of the Special Lines designed for header
and footer control.
A new header definition in the text will override the
default header definition, and a new footer definition
in the text will override the default footer
definition. Subsequent header and footer definitions
will override any preexisting definitions within the
text file.
You may reinstate the default headers and footers at
any point in the document with the "Default Hdr/Ftr"
Special line.
Headers or footers can be selectively turned off and
on at any point in your document. (See Header and
Footer Controls.)
NOTE: When headers and footers are turned off, they
are not printed. However, the number of lines
in their active definition will appear as blank
top and bottom margins.
If headers and footers are turned off in the
PRINT OPTIONS window, you cannot turn them on
with the special lines.
New header and footer definitions may have different
numbers of lines than their predecessors. It should
be remembered that the number of text lines printed on
a page is determined by the number of lines per page
(defined int the PRINT OPTIONS window) less the number
of lines in the active header and footer.
186
subject: HEADER and FOOTER DEFINITIONS
discussion: Selecting the option "(H)eader defn." in the "Special
lines" menu causes the two lines shown below to be
inserted in your text below the line on which the
cursor is located.
├─────────── Begin Header Def. ────────────┤
├──────────── End Header Def. ─────────────┤
In a like manner, selecting "(F)ooter defn" inserts
these two lines in your text:
├─────────── Begin Footer Def. ────────────┤
├──────────── End Footer Def. ─────────────┤
You should enter your new header (or footer)
definitions between these lines. Neither the Special
Lines nor the definitions within them are counted as
part of your text.
The data inside headers and footers will not be
reformatted with Ctrl R or the reformat commands.
However, the lines can wrap if this option is turned
on.
Placement of these blocks of text is important. A new
header definition will not become active until a new
page is begun, while a new footer definition becomes
active immediately.
The best location for these blocks is after a page
marker or at the top of your text. This way you know
when they will become active even though you continue
to edit your document.
Since you can change the number of lines within a
header or footer, remember that the number of lines of
text per page will change accordingly.
187
subject: HEADER AND FOOTER CONTROLS
default hdr/ftr: Selecting the option "(5) default hdr/ftr" in the
"Special lines" menu causes the line
├──────────── Default Hdr/Ftr ─────────────┤
to be inserted in your text below the line on which
the cursor is located.
This Special Line becomes active immediately and
reinstates the default header and footer definition.
Any header/footer definitions appearing in your text
prior to this Special Line become inactive and must be
redefined below this line if they are to become active
again.
This line is neither printed nor treated as part of
your text in determining the page count.
on and off: Selecting one of the options:
(1) header off
(2) header on
(3) footer off
(4) footer on
in the "Special lines" menu causes the corresponding
Special Line shown below to be inserted in your text
below the line on which the cursor is located.
░(1) ├────────── Turn headers off ──────────┤
░(2) ├────────── Headers back on ───────────┤
░(3) ├────────── Turn footers off ──────────┤
░(4) ├────────── Footers back on ───────────┤
These lines are neither printed nor treated as part of
your text in determining the page count. They all
become active immediately. As their name implies,
they turn the headers and footers off and on.
Turning an active header or footer off suppresses it
from being printed but does not eliminate the number
of lines it defines for the top or bottom margin.
Turning a header or footer back on allows the
information in the top and bottom margin to be printed
again. Remember that if the "Headers/Footers" toggle
in the PRINT OPTIONS window is turned OFF, then no
headers nor footers will be printed regardless of
these Special Lines.
188