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.SCREEN 0 101
` WELCOME TO THE MINI-MATHCAD HELP SYSTEM Press [Esc] to exit
FUNCTION KEYS [(*) = not in demo]║ HOW TO TYPE OPERATORS
║
[F1] help [F2] quit ║ Key Operator Key Operator
[F3] cut [F4] paste ║ ─── ────────────── ─── ──────────────
[F5] load (*) [F6] save (*) ║ 'x Parentheses x*y Multiplication
[F7] split (*) [F8] switch (*) ║ x[y Subscript x$y Summation
[F9] calc [F10] insertline ║ x! Factorial x#y Product
═════════════════════════════════╣ x" Conjugate x?y Derivative
OTHER KEYS ║ -x Negative x&y Integral
║ x^y Power x+y Addition
[BackQuote] menus ║ \x Square root x-y Subtraction
[Esc] commands by name ║ |x Absolute value x>y Greater than
@ create plot region ║ x/y Division x<y Less than
" create text region ║ x,y;z Range
` FOR ADDITIONAL HELP, CHOOSE A LETTER FROM THE LIST BELOW
A. What do I do now? D. Ranges, arrays, iteration G. Plotting
B. Built-in functions E. Input and output tables H. Units & dimensions
C. Commands and menus F. Formatting, names, I. Limitations of
Greek letters mini-MathCAD
.SCREEN 1 101
` WELCOME TO THE MINI-MATHCAD HELP SYSTEM Press [Esc] to exit
FUNCTION KEYS [(*) = not in demo]║ HOW TO TYPE OPERATORS
║
[F1] help [F2] quit ║ Key Operator Key Operator
[F3] cut [F4] paste ║ ─── ────────────── ─── ──────────────
[F5] load (*) [F6] save (*) ║ 'x Parentheses x*y Multiplication
[F7] split (*) [F8] switch (*) ║ x[y Subscript x$y Summation
[F9] calc [F10] insertline ║ x! Factorial x#y Product
═════════════════════════════════╣ x" Conjugate x?y Derivative
OTHER KEYS ║ -x Negative x&y Integral
║ x^y Power x+y Addition
[BackQuote] menus ║ \x Square root x-y Subtraction
[Esc] commands by name ║ |x Absolute value x>y Greater than
@ create plot region ║ x/y Division x<y Less than
" create text region ║ x,y;z Range
` FOR ADDITIONAL HELP, CHOOSE A LETTER FROM THE LIST BELOW
A. What do I do now? D. Ranges, arrays, iteration G. Plotting
B. Built-in functions E. Input and output tables H. Units & dimensions
C. Commands and menus F. Formatting, names, I. Limitations of
Greek letters mini-MathCAD
.SCREEN 101 0
` HOW TO USE MATHCAD Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit
When you use MathCAD, you can do any of the following:
USE MATHCAD TO CALCULATE. Type │ SELECT A COMMAND FROM A MENU. Press
"expression =" , for example: │ the backquote key (`). The backquote
│ is on the same key as the the tilde (~).
3 + 4/117 = │ Then use the arrow keys to see
│ menus of commands. To select a command
MathCAD computes the result. │ use the up/down keys to highlight it,
│ then press ─┘. Some commands are
│ also on the [F1] through [F10] keys.
DEFINE A VARIABLE. Type │
"variable: expression", for │ ENTER TEXT. Press a double-quote (")
example: │ to create a text region. Then type
│ between the resulting pair of quotes.
y := m*x + b │
│
If m, x, and b are defined, this │ CREATE A PLOT. Press an at-sign (@) to
defines the variable y. │ create a plot region. Then fill in the
│ placeholders for axis limits and
│ expressions to plot.
For more information, see the Tutorial or press [F1] and choose a topic.
.SCREEN 102 0
` MATHCAD BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS Press [F1] for main help menu, [Esc] to exit
TRIGONOMETRIC ║ HYPERBOLIC ║ BESSSEL ║ LOGS/EXPONENTIAL
║ ║ ║
sin(z) asin(z) ║ sinh(z) asinh(z) ║ J0(x) Y0(x) ║ exp(z)
cos(z) acos(z) ║ cosh(z) acosh(z) ║ J1(x) Y1(x) ║ ln(z)
tan(z) atan(z) ║ tanh(z) atanh(z) ║ Jn(n,x) Yn(n,x) ║ log(z)
══════════════════╩══════════════╦═══════╩═══════════════════╩═════════════════
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ║ ARRAY AND STATISTICAL (X and Y arrays)
║
Re(z) ....... real part ║ last(array) mean(array) corr(X,Y)
Im(z) ....... imaginary part ║ length(array) var(array) slope(X,Y)
floor(x) .... greatest integer ║ max(array) stdev(array) intercept(X,Y)
ceil(x) ..... least integer ║ min(array) Γ(z) erf(x)
angle(x,y) .. angle to (x,y) ║ freqs := hist(intervals, data)
mod(x,y) .... remainder ╠═════════════════════════════════════════════
until(x,y) .. y until x<0 ║ CUBIC SPLINE (X and Y arrays)
Φ(x) ........ Heaviside step ║
root(exp,x) . root of express'n ║ C := lspline(X,Y) C := cspline(X,Y)
══════════════════════════════════╣ C := pspline(X,Y) interp(C,X,Y,x)
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ╠═════════════════════════════════════════════
║ FILE ACCESS
c := fft(array) c := cfft(array)║
z := ifft(c) z := icfft(c) ║ READ(file) WRITE(file) APPEND(file)
.SCREEN 103 401
` WAYS TO USE MATHCAD COMMANDS Press [F1] for main help menu, [Esc] to exit
TO EXECUTE A COMMAND BY NAME, │ TO EXECUTE COMMANDS FROM MENUS,
press the [Esc] key and enter the │ press the backquote key (`) to see
command name. For example: │ the top level command menu. Then use
[Esc] cut ─┘ │ the left/right keys to see submenus,
│ and the up/down keys to highlight
You need only type enough letters │ commands in those submenus. To
to differentiate the command from │ execute a command, highlight it in
other commands. For example, you │ the menu and press ─┘.
could load a file by typing: │
[Esc] cu ─┘ │ YOU CAN ALSO CHOOSE A COMMAND FROM
│ A MENU BY TYPING THE FIRST LETTER.
SOME COMMANDS ARE ON FUNCTION KEYS. │ For example, to select the Cut
For example, to cut a region, press │ command from the Edit menu, type:
the [F3] key. │ `EC
` FURTHER HELP ON MATHCAD COMMANDS ── Type a letter from the list below
A. System commands C. Editing and moving commands
B. Computation commands D. Text commands
File commands and Window/page commands are not included in this demo version.
.SCREEN 104 0
` RANGE VARIABLES Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit
To perform an iterative calculation Type this See this
in MathCAD, start with a RANGE ───────── ────────
VARIABLE. For example ──────────── j: 1;20 j := 1 ..20
Now j will range from 1 to 20 each time you use it in an equation.
` SUBSCRIPTED VARIABLES AND ITERATION
A subscripted variable, or array, │ More examples using subscripts:
is a MathCAD variable that holds │ ┌ ┐
many values. │ y := x ∙sin│x │
│ j j └ j ┘
To define a subscripted variable, │
use a formula like this: │ z := 1 z := z + α
│ 0 j j-1
π Use a left bracket │ ┬─┬ Type # for
x := ──∙j to type a subscript: │ │ │ k = 5040 product.
j 10 Type x[j for "x sub j" │ k
│ ┌───┐ Type $ for
NOTE: THIS DEMONSTRATION VERSION IS │ dotprod := > x ∙m summation.
LIMITED TO 20 ARRAY ELEMENTS. MathCAD │ └───┘ i i
Version 1.1 can handle 7000 elements. │ i
.SCREEN 105 0
` INPUT TABLES █ OUTPUT TABLES
│
To enter values in a MathCAD table, │ To see values of a ranged expression
first define a range variable, for │ or subscripted variable in a table,
example: i := 1 ..10 │ just type the expression followed
│ by an equals sign. MathCAD shows the
Then type: │ results in an output table.
A subscripted variable. │
A colon │ EXAMPLES:
Numbers or expressions, │ 2 x i∙x
separated by commas. │ i i i i
│ ┌───┐ ┌────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐
You see an input table ─── x := │ │ 1 │ │ 1 │ │ 100 │ │ 100 │
i │ ├───┤ ├────┤ ├─────┤ ├─────┤
To insert into an ┌───────┐ │ │ 2 │ │ 4 │ │ 200 │ │ 400 │
input table, put the │ 100 │ │ ├───┤ ├────┤ ├─────┤ ├─────┤
cursor at the end of ├───────┤ │ │ 3 │ │ 9 │ │ 300 │ │ 900 │
a table entry and │ 200 │ │ ├───┤ ├────┤ └─────┘ └─────┘
TYPE A COMMA. To ├───────┤ │ │ 4 │ │ 16 │
delete a table entry │ 10∙30 │ │ ├───┤ ├────┤
put the cursor on it ├───────┤ │ │ 5 │ │ 25 │
and press [BackSpace]. │ ■ │ │ ├───┤ ├────┤
└───────┘
` PRESS: [F1] for main help menu [Esc] to exit
.SCREEN 106 501
` FORMATTING NUMERIC RESULTS Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit
Global format: Local format: with cursor on result or table,
type [Esc] format ─┘ type f to format
type d to remove format
Format commands show the following codes on the message line:
rd ... radix: decimal, hex, or octal │ zt ... zero tolerance: determines when
│ small numbers are shown as zero
ct ... complex tolerance: determines │
when numbers are displayed as │ et ... exponential tolerance: determines
purely real or imaginary │ when to show exponential notation
│
im ... imaginary unit symbol: i or j │ pr ... precision (decimal places)
` VARIABLE NAMES █ HOW TO TYPE GREEK LETTERS
│
MathCAD variable names can │ To type a Greek letter, press [Alt] + key:
include any of the following: │
│ α ...[Alt]A Γ ...[Alt]G π ...[Alt]P
letters: AaBbCc ... │ ß ...[Alt]B Φ ...[Alt]H Θ ...[Alt]Q
numbers: 123456 ... │ δ ...[Alt]D ∞ ...[Alt]I σ ...[Alt]S
Greek letters: αßΓπΣµ ... │ ε ...[Alt]E ⁿ ...[Alt]N τ ...[Alt]T
Special chars: _, %, and ∞ │ φ ...[Alt]F Ω ...[Alt]O µ ...[Alt]U
.SCREEN 107 501
` CREATING A PLOT Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit
To create a plot, press @. Move the cursor to the placeholders and type:
You see an empty plot: An x-axis expression, or several expressions
separated by commas.
■ ┌─────────────┐ A y-axis expression or several expressions
│ │ separated by commas.
■ │ │ Axis limits (numbers). Type a number or
│ │ expression for each of the placeholders at
■ └─────────────┘ the ends of the axes
■ ■ ■ Press [F9] to plot the points.
` SOME TYPICAL PLOTS
y ┌─────────────┐
Amax ┌─────────────┐ 100 │ + + +│
1 ┌─────────────┐ │────┐ │ y │ + +++ │
│ . ∙ . │ y1 ,y2 │ └────┐┌─ │ i │ + ++ │
sin(x)│∙ ∙ ∙ │ i i │──────┐ └┼─ │ y │ ++ +│
│ ∙ ∙ │ │ └───┘ │ 0 └─────────────┘
-1└─────────────┘ Amin └─────────────┘ 0 x 10
0 x π 0 i 10 i
` CHANGING PLOT SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS
To see the Help screen on changing plot size
and characteristics, type "A".
.SCREEN 108 0
` USING UNITS IN MATHCAD Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit
To use units in MathCAD, follow │ 3. MathCAD checks dimensions when
these steps: │ you use them in equations:
│ cm
1. Define base units of length, mass, │ v1 := 50∙mph v2 := 100∙───
time, and/or charge. For example: │ sec
│ vel := v1 + v2 + 1000∙cm
cm ≡ 1L g ≡ 1M sec ≡ 1T │ │
│ ┌────────┴─────────┐
1L, 1M, and 1T represent base │ │incompatible units│
units of length, mass, and time. │ └──────────────────┘
To see ≡ (the global definition │
symbol), type a tilde (~). │ 4. MathCAD show dimensions for results:
│ 1 -1
2. Define other units in terms of │ v1 + v2 = 2335.2∙length ∙time ■
these: │
2 │ 5. Put cursor on final placheholder (■)
ft ≡ 30.48∙cm hr ≡ 60 ∙sec │ and type units. MathCAD converts
│ result to those units:
mile ≡ 5280∙ft mile │
mph ≡ ──── │ ft
hr │ v1 + v2 = 76.614∙───
│ sec
.SCREEN 109 0
` LIMITATIONS OF MINI-MATHCAD Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit
Mini-MathCAD is actually a subset of the full functionality
of MathCAD. Mini-MathCAD is identical to MathCAD Version 1.1,
except for the following:
MINI-MATHCAD DOES NOT SCROLL. │ MINI-MATHCAD DOES NOT PRINT.
Mini-MathCAD is limited to an area │ In MathCAD Version 1.1 you can
of 24 lines by 80 columns. In │ print all or part of a document,
MathCAD Version 1.1 the screen is a │ exactly as you see it on the screen.
window into an area of any desired │
length or width. │ MINI-MATHCAD ARRAYS ARE LIMITED
│ TO 20 ELEMENTS.
│ MathCAD Version 1.1 can handle
MINI-MATHCAD DOES NOT LOAD OR SAVE. │ arrays up to 7000 elements.
In MathCAD Version 1.1 you can save │
your documents and load them again │ SOME BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS (LIKE cos)
later. │ ARE DISABLED IN MINI-MATHCAD.
│ These functions work in MathCAD
│ Version 1.1
This is only a demonstrations version of MathCAD. To get the
full functionality, you must purchase MathCAD Version 1.1.
Call 1-800-MATHCAD for more information.
.SCREEN 401 0
` SYSTEM COMMANDS (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands)
Command Keys Explanation TO SEE THE SYSTEM MENU, TYPE: `S
name to type and use
─────── ─────── ─────────── ██ System ██████████████████
help [F1] Enter MathCAD Help System
`SH (Type [Esc] to exit.) ┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Help [F1] │
quit [F2] Exit MathCAD. │ Quit [F2] │
`SQ │ Dos │
│ Memory │
dos `SD Interrupt MathCAD to │ Print │
execute a DOS command. │ Redraw [Ctrl]R │
Prompts for the name of a │ │
DOS command to execute. │ │
└─────────────────────────┘
memory `SM Show how much memory is used and available.
print `SP Print all or part of a MathCAD document. Printing is not
included in this demonstration diskette.
redraw [Ctrl]R Redraw the screen.
`SR
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu [F1] for main help menu [Esc] to exit
.SCREEN 402 0
` COMPUTATION COMMANDS (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands)
Command Keys Explanation TO SEE THE COMPUTE MENU, TYPE: `C
name to type and use
─────── ─────── ─────────── ███████████████ Compute █████
calculate [F9] Calculate equations on
`CC current screen. ┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Calculate [F9] │
process `CP Process all eqns in document. │ Process │
│ Manual │
manual `CM Set manual calculation mode. │ Automatic │
([F9] required to calculate.) │ Format │
│ Randomize │
automatic `CA Set automatic calc. mode. │ Dimension │
│ Equation (on/off) │
format `CF Set global format. Edit the └─────────────────────────┘
specification shown on the message line.
randomize `CR Reset random numbers. Can take a numeric argument.
dimension `CD Change dimension names. Edit dimensions shown on msg line.
equation `CE [With cursor in eqn] Disable or re-enable calc. for equation
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu [F1] for main help menu [Esc] to exit
.SCREEN 403 0
` EDITING/MOVING COMMANDS (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands)
Command Keys Explanation TO SEE THE EDIT/MOVE MENU, TYPE: `E
name to type and use
─────── ─────── ─────────── ███ Edit/move ███████████████
cut [F3] Cut region containing the
`EC cursor. ┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Cut [F3] │
paste [F4] Paste region previously cut │ Paste [F4] │
`EP at current cursor position. │ Separate [Ctrl]S │
│ Insertline [F10] │
separate [Ctrl]S Separate overlapping regions. │ Deleteline [Ctrl][F10] │
`ES │ Goto │
│ Move │
insertline [F10] Insert blank line; shift re- │ │
`EI gions below cursor down 1 line.└─────────────────────────┘
deleteline [Ctrl][F10] Delete current line; shift regions below cursor up one
`ED line. Current line must be empty.
goto `EG Go to . Prompts for cursor position or text string.
move `EM Relative move. Prompts for numbers of rows and cols to move.
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu [F1] for main help menu [Esc] to exit
.SCREEN 404 0
` TEXT COMMANDS (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands)
All text commands require cursor TO SEE THE TEXT MENU, TYPE: `T
to be in text region.
████████████████ Text ███████
Command Keys Explanation
name to type and use ┌─────────────────────────┐
─────── ─────── ─────────── │ Width │
width `TW Set width (in characters) of │ Cut [Ctrl][F3] │
text region containing the │ Paste [Ctrl][F4] │
cursor. Prompts for new │ Mark [Ctrl]X │
width; rewraps text region to │ │
specified width. Use ─┘ to │ │
set margin of new text region. │ │
│ │
textcut [Ctrl][F3] Cut currently marked text └─────────────────────────┘
`TC from text region. (See mark command, below.)
textpaste [Ctrl][F4] Paste text previously marked or cut into an existing
`TP text region.
mark [Ctrl]X Mark spot in text region. To mark part of a text region,
`TM mark the first and last character of the desired text.
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu [F1] for main help menu [Esc] to exit
.SCREEN 501 0
` CHANGING PLOT SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS
To change the size or characteristics of a plot, move the cursor into the plot
and type "f" (for "format"). You see a specification on the message line:
logs=0,0 subdivs=1,1 size=5,15 type=l
To change the plot, edit this line. All items show y-axis first, then x-axis.
logs ... 0 means linear scaling. Any other num- │ type ... line type, as follows
ber means log scaling with that many │
cycles (shown as evenly spaced lines │ l=line s=step
on plot). │ d=dot e=error bars
│ x=exes X=exes w/lines
subdivs ... number of subdivisions. 1=no sub- │ p=pluses P=pluses w/lines
divisions. For linear scale, subdi- │ o=rectangles O=rect's w/lines
visions shown as evenly spaced lines on│ v=diamonds V=diam's w/lines
plot. For log scale, you can specify: │
1 .. Cycles not subdivided. │ To use several symbol types,
2 .. Each cycle has 2 log-spaced subdivs. │ use a string of letters:
9 .. Each cycle has 9 log-spaced subdivs. │ type=ldx
│ This shows lines, then dots,
size ... size of plot, in lines and columns │ then exes.
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for help on plots [F1] for main help menu [Esc] to exit
.END