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Text File | 1988-05-20 | 24KB | 616 lines

; This file is mand.a ... DeSmet asm88 functions for fr386.c, ; a fixed-pt 386 version of Mandelbrot .... ; mandwhile.a replaces inner "while" loop of mandelbrot calculation... ;==============386-SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS=================================== ; int mandwhile(long P, long Q, int nmax) ; Performs all calculations for "while" loop in L.Fogg's mandel() ; function, using fixed pt math with binary pt between bits 23 and 24... ; ; FOR: DeSmet C/asm88 small case... ; ; In REAL MODE; uses 32-bit overrides on register length and addressing to ; gain performance of 32-bit regs and instructions... ; Returns # iterations before divergence (16-bit int returned in ax). ; Note 1/3 rd of instructions are for rounding, to get small amount extra ; accuracy; if you aren't that picky, dump these instructions for 10% or more ; extra speed... ; ; REGISTERS: ebp ...ytemp at top of loop, modulus_sqrd ; at bottom of loop ; edx:eax ...multiplication and temporary storage ; edi ...P ; esi ...Q ; ebx ...x ; ecx ...y ; ; RETURNS stopping number of iterations in ax. dseg public counter counter dw 0 cseg public mandwhile_ mandwhile_: db 66h, 55h ;push ebp ;---get P ... db 67h, 66h, 8Bh, 7Ch, 24h, 06h ;mov edi,dword [esp+6] ;---get Q ... db 67h, 66h, 8Bh, 74h, 24h, 0Ah ;mov esi,dword [esp+10] ;---get nmax... db 67h, 8Bh, 44h, 24h, 0Eh ;mov ax,word [esp+14] ;---initialize counter ... mov word counter,ax ;---zero out x and y storage ... db 66h, 33h, 0DBh ;xor ebx,ebx db 66h, 33h, 0C9h ;xor ecx,ecx looper: ;---ytemp=x*y--- db 66h, 8Bh, 0C3h ;mov eax,ebx db 66h, 0F7h, 0E9h ;imul ecx db 66h, 05h, 00h, 00h, 80h, 00h ;add eax,800000H ;for rounding... db 66h, 83h, 0D2h, 00h ;adc edx,0 ;for rounding... db 66h, 0Fh, 0A4h, 0C2h, 08h ;shld edx,eax,8 ;div by 2**24... db 66h, 8Bh, 0EAh ;mov ebp,edx ;---x=x*x - y*y + P------ db 66h, 8Bh, 0C3h ;mov eax,ebx db 66h, 0F7h, 0EBh ;imul ebx db 66h, 05h, 00h, 00h, 80h, 00h ;add eax,800000H db 66h, 83h, 0D2h, 00h ;adc edx,0 db 66h, 0Fh, 0A4h, 0C2h, 08h ;shld edx,eax,8 db 66h, 8Bh, 0DAh ;mov ebx,edx ;--- db 66h, 8Bh, 0C1h ;mov eax,ecx db 66h, 0F7h, 0E9h ;imul ecx db 66h, 05h, 00h, 00h, 80h, 00h ;add eax,800000H db 66h, 83h, 0D2h, 00h ;adc edx,0 db 66h, 0Fh, 0A4h, 0C2h, 08h ;shld edx,eax,8 db 66h, 2Bh, 0DAh ;sub ebx,edx db 66h, 03h, 0DFh ;add ebx,edi ;add P... ;---y=(ytemp<<1) + Q---- db 66h, 0D1h, 0E5h ;shl ebp,1 db 66h, 03h, 0EEh ;add ebp,esi ;add Q... db 66h, 8Bh, 0CDh ;mov ecx,ebp ;---modsqrd = x*x + y*y--- db 66h, 8Bh, 0C3h ;mov eax,ebx db 66h, 0F7h, 0EBh ;imul ebx db 66h, 05h, 00h, 00h, 80h, 00h ;add eax,800000H db 66h, 83h, 0D2h, 00h ;adc edx,0 db 66h, 0Fh, 0A4h, 0C2h, 08h ;shld edx,eax,8 db 66h, 8Bh, 0EAh ;mov ebp,edx ;--- db 66h, 8Bh, 0C1h ;mov eax,ecx db 66h, 0F7h, 0E9h ;imul ecx db 66h, 05h, 00h, 00h, 80h, 00h ;add eax,800000H db 66h, 83h, 0D2h, 00h ;adc edx,0 db 66h, 0Fh, 0A4h, 0C2h, 08h ;shld edx,eax,8 db 66h, 03h, 0EAh ;add ebp,edx ;---test if modsqrd > "4"---(67108864 = 4*(1 << 24))--- db 66h, 81h, 0FDh, 00h,00h,00h,04h ;cmp ebp,67108864 jae home dec word counter jnz looper home: mov ax,word counter neg ax db 67h, 03h, 44h, 24h, 0Eh ;add ax, word [esp+14] db 66h, 5Dh ;pop ebp ret ; long muldiv(long A, int b, int c) ; Multiplies 32-bit "a" by 16-bit "b", then divides by ; 16-bit "c" such that abs(c) >= abs(b)...NO CHECK FOR 0 DIVISOR... ; ; NOTE how DeSmet figures stack upon entry: ; 16-bit return address at sp, "A" at sp+2, b at sp+6, c at sp+8 ... ; ; REGISTERS: eax ...initially holds "A" ; ebx ...holds b ; ecx ...holds c ; edx:eax ...product A*b (before idiv) ; ; RETURNS long result in dx:ax. cseg public muldiv_ muldiv_: db 67h,66h,8bh,44h,24h,02h ;mov eax,dword ptr [esp+2] db 67h,66h,0fh,0bfh,5ch,24h,06h ;movsx ebx,word ptr [esp+6] db 67h,66h,0fh,0bfh,4ch,24h,08h ;movsx ecx,word ptr [esp+8] db 66h,0f7h,0ebh ;imul ebx db 66h,0f7h,0f9h ;idiv ecx db 66h,0fh,0a4h,0c2h,10h ;shld edx,eax,16 ret ;short return... ;==============HERCULES GRAPHICS ROUTINES========================= ; void tmode(), gmode() ; For hercules graphics; set text and graphics modes... ; 2-17-88 attempt to translate hercules asm to DeSmet... dseg index equ 03b4h cntrl equ 03b8h scrn_on equ 8 grph equ 2 text equ 20h public gtable public ttable gtable db 35h,2dh,2eh,07h,5bh,02h,57h,57h,02h,03h,00h,00h ttable db 61h,50h,52h,0fh,19h,06h,19h,19h,02h,0dh,0bh,0ch cseg public gmode_ gmode_: push es push ds mov al,grph lea si,gtable xor bx,bx mov cx,4000h call setmd pop ds pop es ret public tmode_ tmode_: push es push ds mov al,text lea si,ttable mov bx,720h mov cx,2000 call setmd pop ds pop es ret public setmd setmd: push ds push es push ax push bx push cx mov dx,cntrl out dx,al mov ax,ds mov es,ax mov dx,index mov cx,12 xor ah,ah ;--------- parms: mov al,ah out dx,al inc dx lodsb out dx,al inc ah dec dx loop parms ;--------- pop cx mov ax,0b000h cld mov es,ax xor di,di pop ax rep stosw mov dx,cntrl pop ax add al,scrn_on out dx,al pop es pop ds ret ; void hplotpt(int column, int row, int color) ; Hercules point plot routine for general 80x86... ; FOR: DeSmet c88/asm88 small case... ; ...if(color>0) fill point; else if (color==0) blank pt; else xor pt; ; 2-16-88 quick hercules card driver to plot a point ... ; REGISTER USAGE: AX for mul, mask ; CX for column = x ; DX for row = y ; SI for offset of byte to alter ; BX for color ; DI return address ; Asm translation of MicroC article in Dec 87/Jan 88, cf for explanation of ; comments... ; NOTE since we only plan on running this on 386, we could turn repeated ; shr ax,1 ... etc., into shr ax,n ...though DeSmet asm88 would require ; db encoding ... ; NOTE fast return via jmp di instead of ret !!! cseg public hplotpt_ hplotpt_: pop di ;return address... pop cx ;column = x... pop dx ;row = y... pop bx ;color ... sub sp,6 ; DeSmet requires ;===set up segment=============== mov ax,0B000H mov es,ax ;===end segment setup============ ;===calc byte_ofs================ ;---1st calc 90*(row / 4)-------- mov ax,dx ;copy y... shr ax,1 shr ax,1 mov ah,90 mul ah ;result now in ax ;---2nd calc 0x2000*(row % 4)---- mov si,dx ;copy y... and si,3 ;clear all but lowest 2 bits... ror si,1 ;mul by 0x2000... ror si,1 ror si,1 ;(mul finished)... ;---add results of above two calcs add si,ax ;ax now free... ;---calc (col / 8)--------------- mov ax,cx shr ax,1 shr ax,1 shr ax,1 ;---sum for final byte_ofs in si add si,ax ;===end calc of byte_ofs========= ;===calc mask==================== ;---cx has col = x--------------- not cx and cx,7 ;now cx = (7-(col % 8))... mov ax,1 shl ax,cl ;now al = mask .... ;===end mask calc================ ;===get and alter byte @ byte_ofs ;---check for color-------------- or bx,bx jz blank js xorit ;---we're filling point---------- or byte es:[si],al jmp di ;short return... ;---we're blanking point--------- blank: not al and byte es:[si],al jmp di ;short return... ;---we're xoring pt-------------- xorit: xor byte es:[si],al jmp di ;short return... ;===end get and alter============ ; void is_herc() ; 2-20-88 check for presence of Hercules 720*348 card ... ; REF: L. Fogg, Jan/Feb 1988 MicroC ... cseg public is_herc_ is_herc_: pop di ;return address ... int 11h ;equipment check ... and ax,30h ;check for mono text or herc ... sub ax,30h jnz not_there ;----- mov cx,1000h ;test for scan result 1000h times ... mov dx,3bah ;address status reg on MC6845 ... ;----- test_status: in al,dx and al,80h jnz there loop test_status ;----- not_there: xor ax,ax there: jmp di ;==============TEST FOR 386=============================== ; int is_386() ; 2-20-88 checks for presence of 386 -- returns 0 if not found, else ; returns non-zero ... ; note short return for DeSmet asm88 small case ... ; REF: Juan E. Jimenez, Turbo Technix Jan/Feb 88, p. 55 ... cseg public is_386_ is_386_: pop di ;return address ... pushf xor ax,ax push ax popf pushf pop ax and ax,8000h sub ax,8000h jz home2 ;------ mov ax,7000h ;if here, either 286 or 386 ... push ax popf pushf pop ax and ax,7000h home2: jmp di ;==============DESMET KEYBOARD POLLING ROUTINES=========== ; int scr_ci() and int scr_csts() ; These functions read the keyboard; scr_ci() waits until ; a key is typed, and returns the key; scr_csts() does not wait and returns ; 0 if no key is available. Unlike DeSmet functions ci() and csts(), these ; functions can read and translate extended keyboard codes (e.g., cursors ; and function keys). NOTE these are slightly faster than scr_ci() and ; scr_csts() given in DeSmet's optional PCIO.a file . ; ; FOR TURBO C: replace with combination of kbhit() and getch()... dseg ; TABLES to convert (scan_code - 59) to char code... table1: db 210 ;F1 scan= 59 db 211 ;F2 60 db 212 ;F3 61 db 213 ;F4 62 db 214 ;F5 63 db 215 ;F6 64 db 216 ;F7 65 db 217 ;F8 66 db 218 ;F9 67 db 219 ;F10 68 db 0 ;NumLock 69 ...not used db 0 ;ScrollL 70 ...not used db 200 ;bol_char 71 db 30 ;up_arrow 72 db 202 ;page_up 73 db 0 ;grey(-) 74 ...not used db 29 ;left_arrow 75 db 0 ;NumPad5 76 ...not used db 28 ;right_arrow77 db 0 ; 78 ...not used db 201 ;eol_char 79 db 31 ;down_arrow 80 db 203 ;page_down 81 db 206 ;Insert 82 db 207 ;Delete 83 public table2 table2: db 209 ;left_word 115 db 208 ;right_word 116 db 205 ;end_of_file117 db 0 ; 118 ..not used db 204 ;begin_file 119 cseg public scr_ci_ scr_ci_: push bp mov ah,0 int 16H cmp al,0 jne not_special mov bl,ah xor bh,bh cmp bx,114 ja use_table2 sub bx,59 mov al,byte table1[bx] jmp not_special use_table2: sub bx,115 mov al,byte table2[bx] not_special: xor ah,ah pop bp ret public scr_csts_ scr_csts_: push bp mov ah,1 int 16H mov ax,0 jz csts_over call scr_ci_ csts_over: pop bp ret ;==============LOG COLOR TRANSFORM=================================== ; 2-20-88 transform(int iter, int switchpt) ... DeSmet asm88 ... ; for frac386.c ... ; ...returns the "color" then anded with (maxcolors-1)... ; converts the iterations returned by mand() to a log scaling, starting at ; the switchpt. Equiv. to C coding: ; if(iter < switchpt) color = iter; ; else for(color=i=switchpt,inc=1; i<iter; i=switchpt+(inc<<=1),color++); ; ...However, 386 is so fast we need to translate to asm to get full benefit! cseg public transform_ transform_: pop di ;return address... pop cx ;iter... pop bx ;switchpt... sub sp,4 ;required by DeSmet for short return... cmp cx,bx ja do_loop mov ax,cx jmp di ;short return... ;------ do_loop: mov ax,bx ;init color (ax) with switchpt... mov si,1 ;si = inc... mov dx,bx ;init i (dx) with switchpt... ;------ loopit: cmp dx,cx ;compare i (dx) to iter (cx)... jge done shl si,1 ;inc <<= 1... mov dx,bx add dx,si ;i = switchpt + inc... inc ax jmp loopit ;------ done: jmp di ;short return, color in ax... ;==============EGA ROUTINES========================================== ; void egapt(int x, int y, int color) ; ; EGA point plot in general 80x86 assembly language; from ; G.Entsminger's Tidbits article, Jan 88 MicroC, translated from C... ; See below for functions to turn on/off mode 16, text mode, etc... ; ; FOR: DeSmet small case c88/asm88... ; ; NOTE this is really a point XOR routine !!! ; NOTE we are using jmp di in place of ret !!! ; dseg ; define table to translate EGA default palette into pleasing sequence... trans dw 0,8,7,15,11,3,9,1,2,10,14,6,4,12,13,5 cseg public egapt_ egapt_: mov ax,0a000h mov es,ax pop di ;return address... pop cx ;x... pop bx ;y... pop si ;color... sub sp,6 ;DeSmet requires for jmp return... and si,15 ;allow only 16 colors... shl si,1 ;adjust to word length... mov si,trans[si] ;translate to pleasant order... ;---offset = y*80 + x/8--------------------- mov ax,80 mul bx ;ax=80*y, dx still empty... mov bx,cx ;y into bx... shr bx,1 shr bx,1 shr bx,1 add bx,ax ;bx = offset = y*80 + x/8... ;---calc mask------------------------------ and cx,7 xor cx,7 mov ch,1 shl ch,cl ;mask now in ch... ;---latch bit planes----------------------- mov al,es:[bx] ;phony read... ;---1st four "OUTINDEXes"------------------ mov dx,3ceh mov al,0 out dx,al mov dx,3cfh mov ax,si ;color into al... out dx,al mov dx,3ceh mov al,1 out dx,al mov dx,3cfh mov al,0fh ;enable... out dx,al mov dx,3ceh mov al,8 out dx,al mov dx,3cfh mov al,ch ;mask in ch... out dx,al mov dx,3ceh mov al,3 out dx,al mov dx,3cfh ;This sets xor mode... mov al,18h out dx,al ;---*base &= -1;---set all bits------------ and byte es:[bx],-1 ;set all bits... jmp di ;fast return... ; void egatext() ; restore write mode 0 and text mode... public egatext_ egatext_: mov dx,3ceh ;reset write mode 0... mov al,0 out dx,al mov dx,3cfh mov al,0 out dx,al mov dx,3ceh mov al,1 out dx,al mov dx,3cfh mov al,0 out dx,al mov dx,3ceh ;this appears to be reset mov al,8 ;of write mode 1; I'm still out dx,al ;not sure if this junk is needed... mov dx,3cfh mov al,-1 out dx,al mov dx,3ceh mov al,3 out dx,al mov dx,3cfh mov al,0 out dx,al mov ax,3 int 10h ret ; void mode16() ; turn on 640*350 16 color mode... public mode16_ mode16_: mov ax,16 int 10h ret ; is_ega() ; Test if EGA is in system; this basically stupid routine is from ; DDJ Nov 87 p 34-35; it tests the "EGA byte", and is NOT a fool-proof ; method, since it depends on vagaries of IBM BIOS...unfortunately, ; methods that look for "IBM" characters in BIOS don't work with VGA... public is_ega_ is_ega_: mov ax,40h mov es,ax mov bx,87h xor ax,ax mov al,byte es:[bx] cmp al,240 ;check for AT&T (kludge)... je clear cmp al,16 ;check for Compaq (kludge)... je clear ret clear: mov al,0 ;clear AT&T/Compaq byte... ret ;ax not 0 if EGA present...