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PC-CAI 1.0 (c)Copyright Alan C. Elliott, 1984-1989 TexaSoft P.O. Box 1169 Cedar Hill, Texas 75104 (214)-291-2115 Version 1.0, January 1989 All Rights Reserved The PC-CAI distribution diskette, containing a copy of this manual, may be freely copied and shared, but printed copies of this manual may not be copied in any way without written permission from the author. All files on diskettes must remain unaltered. Thank You. A registration fee of $35 is requested if this program is useful to you, and if you would like to encourage future enhancements. See Appendix on use of the PC-CAI runtime module for commercial distribution. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this publication, the publisher assumed no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information herein. Since this is a first version of the program, there may be bugs discovered. If you find problems, please notify us with the bug report form. All persons registering will receive the newest copy of the program, with known bugs corrected. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 1 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ ORDER FORM/REGISTRATION FORM PC-CAI, Computer Aided Instruction language $___________ for the IBM PC $35. Latest version. KWIKSTAT, statistical analysis program & graphics $___________ (t-test, ANOVA, regression, and more) $35 Sub-Total $___________ Texas Residents add 7% Tax $___________ Postage & Handling $ 4.00 Rush, P.O. or COD add additional $4 Overseas, add additional $6 $___________ TOTAL ENCLOSED $ ============ Payment method:check one _____ Check or M.O. _____ VISA _____ Master Card ------------------------------------------------------------ IF CREDIT CARD: Name on Card:_____________________________________________ Type Card is __________________ Exp Date is:_____________ Card Number is:___________________________________________ Authorized Signature:_____________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------- Mail order to:____________________________________________ Address:__________________________________________________ City:___________________ St_______ ZIP ___________________ Phone ( )______________________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------- Please mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, Texas 75104. Thanks. Phone orders call 214-291-2115. Have MC or VISA ready. MAIL TODAY! __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 2 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ CONTENTS Getting Started...........................4 Requirements to run.......................4 What is PC-CAI............................4 Setup defaults............................5 PC-CAI Tutorials on disk..................6 How to use the Editor.....................7 Editor Function Keys..................8 Editor Control Commands...............9 Editor Tutorials.....................11 The PC-CAI Program.......................18 "AT" (@) commands........................20 "DOT" (.) commands.......................27 Example tutorials........................32 Graphics commands........................35 Appendices ----------- Ballot for new features..................41 Bug Report...............................42 Error codes..............................43 Distributing PC-CAI program..............44 Registration/Order Form..................45 __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 3 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------- GETTING STARTED WITH PC-CAI ---------------------------------------------------------- PC-CAI may be used on floppy disks or hard disk. This manual will assume that you are using it on a hard disk, and will often use the "C>" prompt. If you are using PC-CAI on a floppy system think "A>" when you see "C>". To load PC-CAI on the hard disk create a CAI subdirectory: C>MD \CAI then switch to that directory C>CD \CAI Copy all files from the PC-CAI diskette (in disk A) C>COPY A:*.* MAKE SURE the printer is on, the paper is set at top of form, and you have plenty of paper (about 40 pages). TO PRINT THE PC-CAI MANUAL, use the command: A>COPY CAI.DOC LPT1: ---------------------------------------------------------- REQUIREMENTS TO RUN PC-CAI 1.0 ---------------------------------------------------------- 1. An IBM PC, XT, AT or compatible computer. 2. DOS 2.0 or higher. 3. At least 320K of memory. 4. Any monitor, hard disk or floppy. NOTE:Color graphics monitors are preferred, and the DEMO program assumes you have a graphics monitor. Hercules graphics are not supported at this time, however, text programs can be run on a Hercules type monitor. ---------------------------------------------------------- WHAT IS PC-CAI? ---------------------------------------------------------- PC-CAI is a computer language specifically designed to allow you to create computer driven tutorials, tests, and demos. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 4 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ WHERE PC-CAI FITS IN PC-CAI is a CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) language based on the C.A.L.L. (Computer Assisted Learning Language) command set. It which works much like a word processor. You enter your information into a word processing like editor, along with some simple commands and the language does the rest. THE PC-CAI LANGUAGE (RUN MODULE) The central module of the system is CAI.EXE. This is the program which "runs" the tutorials. It also contains an editor that may be used to create the tutorials. Actually, any editor or word processor that creates standard ASCII files may be used. THE UTILITIES PROGRAM, CAI-UTIL This program allows you to "initialize" certain modules, selecting storage disks, editor specifications, and color. It contains the IMAGE module, which allows you to create pictures that may be used in the tutorial. SUGGESTED LEARNING SCHEME 1) First, go through the PC-CAI tutorials provided on disk. 2) Learn to use the EDITOR. 3) Learn to use the "dot" commands as described in the COMMANDS section. (Study the tutorials on disk) 4) Learn the "@" AT commands. 5) Learn to integrate images into your tutorial. ------------------------------------------------------ SETUP DEFAULT PARAMETERS FOR PC-CAI ------------------------------------------------------ Run the utilities program to set up program defaults. Enter the command C>CAI-UTIL SET UP DEFAULTS FOR CAI First, choose to set up defaults for the editor program. You will be asked for the name of the disk drive where the programs will reside. The normal default values will be in parentheses, and you may simply press enter to accept these values. Normally, you will use these values for hard __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 5 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ disk operation: DISK DRIVE : C SCREEN WIDTH : 79 TAB SETTINGS : 5;10;20;30;40;50 Notice that when you are asked for tab settings, you must place a semicolon (;) between each number, and the numbers must be in ascending numerical order. Finally, you will be asked for color settings. Choose those you like. You may change ANY of these settings at any time. ------------------------------------------------------ PC-CAI TUTORIALS ON DISK ------------------------------------------------------ Begin the PC-CAI DEMO with the command: C>CAI DEMO This program will demonstrate some of the things you can do in PC-CAI. There is also a tutorial named CREATE that explains the CREATE program. ------------------------------------------------------ THE PC-CAI EDITOR ------------------------------------------------------ The PC-CAI Editor (A version of Alan's Edit or AE for short) is a standard ASCII text editor. This means that it creates standard text files. You can use any ASCII text editor to write PC-CAI programs, but AE allows you to easily go back and forth from the editor to the run module for program creation and editing. The editor is a built in part of CAI.EXE. To begin PC-CAI in editor mode, enter C>CAI Examine the screen. The phrase: "F7 is HELP" is at the upper left. Directly underneath the "F" in F7 notice the blinking cursor. This cursor indicates the location at which text can be entered. The number 1,1 appears next to the HELP, indicating the position of the cursor, line 1, column 1. Also notice the message "CTRL-G to begin program". Once you have a CAI program in the editor, you cen begin it __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 6 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ immediately by entering CTRL-G. A vertical mark at the top of the screen indicates the screen line length. This line length is usually initially set at 79 columns. You may enter text onto this blank screen in much the same way as you would with a typewriter. NUMERIC/CURSOR KEYPAD COMMANDS The keypad is located on the right side of the IBM PC keyboard. During the operation of AE, the keypad is in "cursor mode". If a number is to be entered, use the keys on the top row of the keyboard. Home - Put cursor in the upper left hand corner. Arrow Keys (right, left, up, down) - Moves the cursor. End - Moves the cursor to the end of the current line. PgUp (Page Up) - Moves 11 lines up. PgDn (Page Down) - Moves 11 lines down. Del - Deletes one character. Ins - Turns on insert mode. Characters typed in will be entered directly preceding the cursor location. Pressing the "Ins" key again or pressing the ENTER key will turn off insert mode. Tab -->| - Moves the cursor to the next tab position. Pressing CTRL-K several times will eventually display these tab settings. Temporary tabs are set with CTRL-T command. Esc - End: End the editor WITHOUT saving file. ---------------------------------------------------------- FUNCTION KEYS ---------------------------------------------------------- F1 - Save: Save file to disk. F2 - Get: Get a file, or append to current file. F3 - Top: Moves to top of current workspace. F4 - Bottom: Cursor moves to the last line of the workspace. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 7 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ F5 - Delete: Deletes lines, 0 to 999. F6 - Insert: Inserts 1 to 10 blank line(s) above the cursor. F7 - Help: HELP screens, delete files, directory. F8 - Clear: Clears current workspace. Copy info in buffer is retained. F9 - Mark: Mark text for copy. Move cursor to the upper left corner of the rectangular block to be copied, press F9. Move the cursor to the last line of the text to be copied, and then move it to the right at least as far as the length of the longest line to be copied. The copy block will be highlighted. Note:Copy block is retained when F8 is given. This provides a method of transferring blocks of text from one file to another. Marks must be made on ONE screen. The maximum size of a copy buffer is one screen (22 lines). F10- Copy: Copy a marked block. Move cursor to the position where you wish to insert the text previously marked using the F9 command. Press F10. This will insert the text in the desired position by first inserting enough blank lines for it to fit. A copy which does not insert before copying is CTRL C, explained later. ---------------------------------------------------------- CONTROL COMMANDS (CTRL) ---------------------------------------------------------- Control commands are issued by holding the CTRL down, and then simultaneously pressing a single command key. CTRL A - Capitalizes letters CTRL C - Is similar to F10. Instead of first inserting blank lines before making a copy, CTRL C will place the copied text in the position specified by the cursor, directly over any text that may happen to exist there. CTRL D - Deletes characters to the right of cursor. CTRL F - Fills text from the current line to next blank line, dot "." command or "@" command. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 8 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ CTRL G - Begins the CAI program in memory. CTRL J - Justifies that line to the right margin. CTRL K - Changes the line help at bottom of screen. Successively pressing CTRL K will display the function key commands, CTRL commands, and tab settings. CTRL L - Reset the line length specifications. CTRL P - Places text in center of screen. CTRL R - Replace text. After pressing CTRL R, you will be prompted to enter "Old/New:". Enter the string of characters to be replaced , followed by a "/", and the new string of characters. For example, responding to the request with wrong/right would result in the replacement of the word "wrong" with "right". Each "wrong" will be highlighted on the screen, and you will be able to replace, skip, end the replace procedure, or select the replacement of all further occurrences of "wrong" with "right" without any more prompting. After checking the first screen for matches, you will be prompted to indicate if you want the replace to continue. Enter Y or N. CTRL S - Search for a specified text. Each time this text is matched, it will be highlighted. Search is conducted from the beginning of the document to the end. CTRL T - Reset the tab settings. Enter tabs from smallest to largest, separated by semicolons. CTRL W - Deletes to the next blank (word delete). CTRL X - Splits line at position of the cursor. This should be used for inserts of more than several characters. CTRL Y - Delete a line. CTRL Z - Makes letters lower case. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 9 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ Text Scrolling AE displays 22 lines of text at a time. The PgUp and PgDn keys allow you to page up and down a document. AE was designed to be able to have a document of about 64000 characters in memory at one time. If your tutorial becomes too long, you will have to make use of the "USE" command, as explained later, to bring in information from other files. BE CAUTIOUS . . . PLEASE! Text is stored in memory until the F1 "Save" command is issued. A power failure or error could cause you to lose this information. Issue the F1 "Save" command periodically (ie every 15 minutes or so) to protect your work. ---------------------------------------------------------- TUTORIAL LESSONS ---------------------------------------------------------- LESSON 1 Enter the PC-CAI editor with the command: C>CAI Enter the follow text, exactly as it appears here. Do not type the borders. --------------------------------------------------------- | Lesson One | |This text will help you learn about Alan's Edit. | |We will learn how to use most of the functn keys. | | | |These two lines will be copied to other locations | |within this file using the F10 and CTRL C commands. | | | |We will learn how to delete this line. | | | |When text is copied using the F10 command, text at the | |location to which it is being copied is not destroyed. | |However, when CTRL C is used to copy a block of text to | |a new location, it replaces the text there. | | | --------------------------------------------------------- __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 10 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ Ending AE - Esc Press the Esc key. Notice the prompt: (NONSAVE) (R)eturn (Q)uit Answer the request by typing an "R" -- do not press the ENTER key. "Q" would have returned you to the DOS system. Deleting lines (F5) The F5 key deletes lines of text. Move the cursor to the "W" in "We..." in the fourth sentence of the text on the screen. Press the F5 key. You will be asked how many lines to delete. Enter 1. The line is deleted. (See also CTRL D). Inserting characters (Ins) Notice that the word "function" is misspelled. This can be corrected by moving the cursor to the second "n" in "functn" and pressing the "Ins" key. Notice the blinking message at the top of the screen. Insert the missing "i" and then the "o". Pressing the "Ins" key again will turn off the insert mode. The insert mode is meant for SMALL insertions of one or several characters. Otherwise, use the F6 key to insert blank lines before adding text or the CTRL X command to split a line at the point new text is to be added. INSERTING LINES (F6) Insert blank lines by using the F6 function key. Move the cursor to the beginning of the second line. Press F6. The following prompt will appear: Insert how many lines (1-10):_ Type a "2" and press the ENTER key. You may type additional text into these blank lines. MARKING TEXT FOR COPY (F9) Copying text is a two step process. Mark the text you wish to copy. Then specify the copy location. Move the cursor to the "T" in "These" in the third sentence. Press F9. The "T" will be displayed in reverse video. Move the cursor to the period at the end of the sentence and press F9 again. The block of text is highlighted. The text in the highlighted rectangular box is now in the copy buffer and can be copied to other locations using the F10 and CTRL C commands. It __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 11 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ will remain there until pressing the F9 key again starts a new pair of marks, or until you "End" editing. Copy blocks are always rectangular. The largest possible block is 22 lines long. Moving Text To move text, simply perform a copy, and then delete the old text. Copying text (F10 and CTRL C) Move the cursor to the line that begins with "When text..." and press the F10 function key. This copies the contents of the copy buffer to the location specified by the current position of the cursor. Notice that the text at the location where the text is being copied is not destroyed. Now, move the cursor to the "H" in "However,..." and enter CTRL C. The two lines of text which formerly occupied this position in the file have been replaced by the text in the copy buffer. Notice, however, that characters in these lines which extend beyond the rectangular copy block, still remain. These may be deleted by using, for example, the "Del" key discussed in Lesson 2. LESSON 2 Enter the text exactly as it appears below: --------------------------------------------------------- | Lesson Two | | | |In this lesson, we will learn about saving a document for| |future use, the "Help" key, the character ddelete, and | |about the Home key. | --------------------------------------------------------- CHARACTER DELETE (DEL) There is an extra "d" in the word "delete". Move the cursor (using the arrow keys) to the first "d" in "ddelete". Press the "Del" key once, and the extra "d" has been deleted. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 12 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ SAVING A DOCUMENT (F1) After creating or correcting a document, it MUST BE SAVED to disk. Press F1 once. Enter a name of the document to be saved -- in this case name the file LESS2.TMP. The following prompt appears: (R)eturn (Q)uit Enter "R" to return you to the editor so that you may continue working on the current document. Clearing the Workspace (F8) The F8 key lets you clear the current working document from the workspace. BE CAREFUL in choosing to clear your space -- if you have not saved your text with the F1 key, it will be lost. Press the function key F8 once. Answer Y at the prompt: "Are you sure?". Press the F2 key, and get the document "LESS2.TMP". This is the file you saved earlier. Help (F7) Press the F7 key, and you will see: ---------------------------------------------------------- |To change key at bottom of screen, press CTRL-K in Edit | | | |Please Choose: | | | | (R)eturn to screen (S)how files | | (E)dit help (A)pplications Help | | (D)elete a file | | | | | |Choice:_ | ---------------------------------------------------------- Press "E" to request that the AE help screens be displayed. These screens display an summary of AE's commands. After looking that these, return to help mode. ---------------------------------------------------------- NOTE:HELP FOR PC-CAI COMMANDS IS AVAILABLE BY PRESSING THE "A" KEY. ---------------------------------------------------------- Enter "D" to which the computer will respond: Enter name of file to delete: __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 13 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ Delete LESS2.TMP which was stored a minute ago. Choosing "S" will display the names of the documents which are currently saved on disk. LESSON 3 Enter AE as before or clear the workspace with F8. Before entering text onto the screen. Enter CTRL-L Notice the message at the bottom of the screen: Line length is ## reset at column : This message tells you what the current line length is, i.e. how many characters can be written on a line, and allows you to change it if you wish. Right now, we want the line length to be 60, so respond to this request by typing the number 60. Notice that if the current line length is already 60, there is no need to retype it, just press enter. The line length must be at least 20 and no more than 79. CTRL T You may notice some capital T's on the highlighted bar. If not, press CTRL-K until a mostly blank line appears with a vertical mark toward the right of the screen. The "T's" indicate the current location of the tab stops. CTRL T can be used to reset these tabs. When you press CTRL T, you will see the following prompt at the bottom of the screen: Indicate tab stops, separate with semicolons: Enter up to 20 column numbers to which you want the cursor to jump when the -->| Tab key is depressed. These column numbers must be separated by semicolons, and should be specified from smallest to largest. Set the tabs at columns 5,10, and 50 by entering 5;10;50. With the cursor at the far left of the screen, press the Tab key and notice that the cursor jumps to the next Tab setting. ENTER THE TEXT Type in the following text, exactly as it appears below. The automatic word wrap feature using the Enter key unnecessary in many cases. As you are typing in the first sentence, continue to type without pressing ENTER. Notice that during the entry of the word "commands" it is moved to the next. You will find this to be very useful, and the first 5 lines can be typed without ever pressing ENTER. After typing "happens." at the end of the fifth line, pressing ENTER will take you to the beginning of the next line. In order to __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 14 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ leave a blank line either press ENTER again or move to the beginning of the next line with the downarrow key. ----------------------------------------------------------- |In this lesson you will learn how several of the control | |commands work. I am going to spell this word wrogn. I am | |going to correct correct this line using CTRL W. I | |recognize the fact that I actually spelled it wrogn again. | |We will split this line with CTRL X, to see what happens. | | | |This is the last sentence in Lesson 3. | ----------------------------------------------------------- CTRL R The word "wrong" is spelled incorrectly twice. In order to correct this, press CTRL-R. Now answer the request at the bottom of the screen with: Enter OLD/NEW:ogn/ong and press the ENTER key. The phrase "ogn" will light up, and you will be given several options. Choose the "R" option, and the phrase will be replaced with the correct spelling. Notice now that the "ogn" in "recognize" is now highlighted. However, "ogn" appears correctly in this case and we should not change it. So, we respond with "S" that we want to skip this occurrence of the phrase. The cursor then moves to the second occurrence of the misspelling "wrogn". Respond with "R" to replace this text with the correct spelling. Two other options are available to you: you can select "(N)o more prompting" or "(E)nd". Responding with an "N" will cause all further occurrences of the old phrase to be replaced by the new phrase. This example points out, however, that you should be careful about choosing this option. Sometimes the old phrase will unexpectedly occur as a correct part of other words. Choosing "E" simply ends the replace request with no further changes being made to the text. If your file is longer, AE will ask of you wish to replace on subsequent screens. CTRL S The CTRL S command can be used to SEARCH for a particular phrase. Press CTRL S and notice the prompt at the bottom of the screen: Enter search string : __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 15 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ Search for the string "spell". Notice that the first occurrence of "spell" is highlighted. You may choose to continue to search. or you may choose to stop searching. CTRL W Move the cursor to the space before the first "correct" in the third line. Press CTRL W. The word (to the next blank) will be erased, and the remaining text will be moved over to the left. CTRL X Move the cursor to the line beginning "We will split..." and then place it in the space after "X,". Now enter CTRL X and the line will be split. You may now insert text after "X,". For this example, enter " so that you will be able". Of course, this insertion could have been made using the "Ins" key, but for longer insertions, we recommend using the CTRL X (split) or F6-Insert (insert lines) commands. CTRL F Notice that as a result of the manipulations we just went through, the text looks pretty unorganized. In order to make it look nicer, move the cursor to the first line and enter CTRL F. The text now looks better since each line has been "filled" with as many words as possible. Filling takes place from the current line to the next blank line "dot" or "@" command. CTRL P Type in the word "hello" on a blank line. Press CTRL P and notice that this places "hello" in the center of the line. LIMITATIONS TO AE 1. Maximum length of any line is 79 characters. Files read into AE whose lines are longer than 79 characters in length may be truncated. 2. Maximum length of file is about 64000 characters, or 1600 lines. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 16 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ PRINTING FILES YOU HAVE CREATED To print files you have created, you may use the DOS PRINT command (See DOS manual). Or use this command to print the file (say TUTOR.CAI) C>COPY TUTOR.CAI LPT1: ----------------------------------------------------------- PC-CAI PROGRAM ORGANIZATION ----------------------------------------------------------- A PC-CAI program consists of text, which is output literally from the program file, and commands which are acted upon according to their meanings. Each command begins with either an "at" sign (@) or a dot (.). These command markers must appear in the first column of a program line for the command to be acted upon. In general, "@" commands are restricted in where they may appear within a program. Dot "." commands may appear on any line of a PC-CAI program stream. AT "@" Commands @BEGIN QUESTION @OPTION @END QUESTION @READ @ESCAPE @RIGHT @GOTO @SHELL @GOBACK @STOP @IF @SYSTEM @LABEL @TRIES @MENU @WRONG DOT "." Commands .ANIMATE .GET .PLAY .BLANK .INFORMATION .PSET .CENTER .LOCATE .PUT .CIRCLE .MOVE .REM .CLS or .CLEAR .PAINT .SKIP .COLOR .PALETTE .USE .DRAW .PAUSE .WAIT For instance, the command @RIGHT indicates a correct answer to a question. The correct answer to the question "Who was the first president of the USA?" may be indicated in the following manner... __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 17 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ @RIGHT (*WASHINGTON*) Notice that when text is used as a parameter to a command it must be preceded by "(*" and ended with "*)". The @RIGHT command has other additional parameters which may be included to specify other information about a correct answer. General Outline of a PC-CAI Program I. Begin with a title screen and instructional material, one screen at a time. The textual commands ".PAUSE" and ".CLS" may be used to pause after each screen is presented, and to then clear the screen to present the next screen. II. Question and Answer sections may be interspersed throughout the program. Each Question section begins with an "@BEGIN QUESTION" command and ends with the "@END QUESTION" command. For example, a simple Question section would be... @BEGIN QUESTION Many patriots of the American Revolution served in the government of the new republic. Who was the first president of the United States? @READ (*Enter your answer here :*) @RIGHT (*Washington*) Very Good! George Washington is correct! @END QUESTION III. The program may be terminated with the "@STOP" command. ---------------------------------------------------------- AT COMMAND DEFINITIONS (@ Commands) ---------------------------------------------------------- As commands are defined in the following discussion, it will be indicated when a command is required within a Question section. If a command is not required, it is optional. Parameters in commands which appear in brackets "[]" are optional. For instance the form of the @RIGHT command is @RIGHT (*ANSWER*) [KEYWORD,EXACT,EXACT NOCASE,DECIMAL,LIST, SOUNDEX,FORCE,FORCE NOCASE] The text in (* *) is a required parameter to the @RIGHT command, but the additional parameters such as KEYWORD, EXACT, and EXACT NOCASE are optional. If one of the optional __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 18 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ parameters is assumed (default) that parameter will be mentioned as such. For the @RIGHT command, if none of the optional parameters is given, KEYWORD is assumed. Only the first three letters of an "at" or "dot" command are required. Therefore, the @RIGHT command may be abbreviated "@RIG". However, words which appear as parameters must be spelled out in full. @BEGIN QUESTION and @END QUESTION Format :@BEGIN QUESTION [NOCOUNT] and @END QUESTION Purpose: To signal the beginning and ending of a question section. These commands are a required part of the QUESTION section. Remarks: The option parameter NOCOUNT indicates that this question should not be counted in any grading that is requested. This is helpful when a question is used to perform branching. @ESCAPE This command instructs PC-CAI what do do if the user presses the ESC key during a tutorial. Two options are SYSTEM and MENU. The default is MENU. Thus, to cause the program to go to the CAI menu, place the command @ESC MENU at the beginning of the tutorial. If you want the program to return to the DOS system, use the command @ESC SYSTEM @GOTO and @GOBACK Format: @GOTO:label, @GOBACK:label Purpose: The purpose of the GOTO command is to skip a portion of PC-CAI code, and to go FORWARD in the program to a designated label (see @LABEL) The purpose of the GOBACK command is to branch BACKWARDS to the top of the document to search for the code to a designated label. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 19 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ An @GOTO or @GOBACK statement may appear only OUTSIDE of a QUESTION SECTION. @IF Format: @IF (RIGHT, WRONG) [then] :label Purpose: To provide FORWARD branching in response to the result of the last Question section. Remarks: @IF may appear only OUTSIDE a Question section. The IF statement may be used to cause backward branching by going to a label which is then followed by a GOBACK statement. When grading is being performed, it would probably be advisable to use the NOCOUNT option of the @BEGIN statement in the question used for branching. @LABEL Format: @LABEL:label Purpose: To provide a location for the GOTO, GOBACK, or IF statements to restart program flow. Labels may appear only OUTSIDE a Question section. A label may be of any length. However good programming practice would advise that it be kept to something short. Format: @LABEL:label @MENU Purpose:Displays a menu of .CAI program on the default disk, and gives the user the opportunity to select from the menu any program to run. Format: @MENU @OPTIONS Purpose:Select options that describe certain details of how the program will run. Specify what to do when the ESCAPE key is pressed. Format: @OPTIONS [ESCAPE, NOESCAPE] If ESCAPE is set, the program will watch for the ESCAPE key to be pressed. If the ESC is pressed, the program will display the menu of .CAI programs. This is the default. If __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 20 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ NOESCAPE is set, the program will ignore the pressing of the ESC key during a tutorial. @READ Format:@READ [(*prompt*)] Purpose: To allow the user to input an answer to a question. This command is a required part of a QUESTION section. May appear only within a Question section. Example: The statement @READ (*ENTER THE ANSWER HERE: *) will produce the following prompt on the screen... ENTER THE ANSWER HERE: And the program will wait for a response from the user. @RIGHT Format: @RIGHT (*answer*) [KEYWORD,EXACT,EXACT NOCASE,DECIMAL,LIST, SOUNDEX,FORCE,FORCE NOCASE] Purpose: To define the correct answer to the question. Remarks: Text lines which follow the @RIGHT command are displayed if the user's answer properly matches the designated right answer. At least one @RIGHT statement must appear in a Question section. The KEYWORD parameter indicates that the user's answer must be a word or phrase which is contained in the indicated right answer. KEYWORD is the default condition. The EXACT parameter indicates that the user's answer must match exactly, including case (upper and lower case). The EXACT NOCASE indicates that the user's answer must match exactly, where case does not matter. The LIST parameter allows the answer to be a list of words separated by commas such as (*wheat,barley,oats*). Case is not checked. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 21 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ The DECIMAL parameter allows the answer to be a number or range of numbers such as (*10.5*) for a single number or (*10;20*) for a range of numbers from 10 to 20. The SOUNDEX parameter allows the answer to match even if spelling is slightly wrong. For instance, the words SMITH, SMYTH, and SMYTHE would all match the correct answer SMITH. Case is not checked in SOUNDEX answers. The FORCE parameter forces the student to enter the correct answer. No other entry is accepted. If FORCE NOCASE is used, case is not checked. EXAMPLES OF @RIGHT COMMAND: @RIGHT (*WASHINGTON*) would allow "G WASHINGTON" or "GEORGE WASHINGTON" or "FRED Washington" as correct answers. (KEYWORD match) @RIGHT (*C*) EXACT would allow "C" only as a correct answer, "c" would be considered incorrect. @RIGHT (*C*) EXACT NOCASE would allow both "C" and "c" as correct answers. @RIGHT (*WASHINGTON*) George Washington is correct! In the above example, if the user answers the question correctly, the text "George Washington is correct!" is displayed. The text following @RIGHT may contain any dot command. All text up to the next "@" command will be displayed. @SHELL Format: @SHELL (*DOSCOMMAND*) Returns control to DOS temporarily if not option is specified. Return to the program with the EXIT command. For example: C>EXIT If information is included in the (*DOSCOMMAND*) option, the text in (* *) will be sent to the system. After the command is completed, the program will return to PC-CAI at the point just after the SHELL command. For example, to cause a DOS Directory command to be executed, enter the __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 22 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ command @SHELL (*DIR*) @STOP Format: @STOP [MENU,SYSTEM,[REVIEW TEXT], [GRADE [SCREEN,FILE=filename,PRINTER]] Purpose: Ends the PC-CAI program, and either (by optional specifications) returns to the PC-CAI menu, grades the tutorial, goes to system, or (when no optional parameter is specified) will prompt the user... Please choose 1) End PC-CAI or 2) Begin PC-CAI again. When the GRADE option is chosen, one or more of the sub-options SCREEN, FILE, or PRINTER may also be chosen. This specifies where the grading will be printed. When the REVIEW option is chosen, the TEXT sub-option specifies that the text preceding the question which was missed should be displayed. REVIEW and GRADE options are exclusive, and both may not be used in the same @STOP command. @TRIES Format: @TRIES [N] Purpose: To specify how many wrong answers to allow the user before moving to the next question. The default number of is one. @Tries only has meaning within a Question section. Example: @TRIES 3 allows three tries to get right answer. @WRONG Format: @WRONG [(*answer*) [KEYWORD,EXACT,EXACT NOCASE,DECIMAL,LIST, SOUNDEX,FORCE,FORCE NOCASE] [FINAL] Purpose:To define text to display when a wrong answer is given. The parameters KEYWORD through FORCE NOCASE indicate that type of match to a specific wrong answer, and have the same meanings as in @RIGHT. An @WRONG statement which has no answer indicated is called a "general wrong answer". When a user's answer does not match any right answers or any __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 23 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ specific wrong answers, then the text following the general wrong answer is displayed. FINAL indicates that the text following the @WRONG statement will be displayed when all tries are exhausted, and no right answer has been given. Example:The command... @WRONG (*LINCOLN*) Lincoln was a president during the civil war. would cause the text about Lincoln to be displayed if LINCOLN was given as an answer to the question. As many @WRONG statements as are needed may appear. If no matching text is given and no match is found for those @WRONG statements which have an answer, then the text following the @WRONG without an answer is displayed. Once the text for the @WRONG statement is displayed, the question is displayed again, beginning with any text following the @BEGIN. Therefore, it may be necessary to use the textual command .pause (*Please press ENTER to continue*) To allow the user to read the reply to the wrong answer before trying the same question again, or going on to the next question. When @WRONG FINAL is indicated, the text following is displayed when all tries are exhausted, and no right answer has been given. This can be used to give the student a reference to find the right answer, or to indicate what correct answer had been expected. EXAMPLE QUESTION SECTION @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 3 Many patriots of the American Revolution served in the government of the new republic. Who was the first president of the United States? A)Paul Revere B)George Washington C)Thomas Jefferson D)Benjamin Franklin @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 24 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ Very Good! George Washington was the first president of the United States. @WRONG (*c*) EXACT NOCASE No. He wrote the Declaration of Independence. @WRONG You must answer either A, B, C, or D. @WRONG FINAL The answer was C, George Washington. @END QUESTION ---------------------------------------------------------- DOT Commands (.) ---------------------------------------------------------- The following is an explanation of the "dot" commands. Unlike the @ (at) commands which are restricted in where they may be placed, dot commands may appear anywhere in the PC-CAI program flow. .BLANK Format :.BLANK ## Purpose: Specifies that ## (a number) blank lines are to be printed. This may be used to erase specific lines on the screen, while leaving others intact. For example, if lines 5 to 10 are to be blanked out, the following commands would perform that task: .LOCATE 5,1 .BLANK 6 A skip command skips lines on the screen, but does not erase them. .CENTER Format :.CENTER (*text*) Purpose: To center the "text" on the output line. .CLS or .CLEAR Format :.CLS or .CLEAR __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 25 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ Purpose: Clears the monitor screen. .COLOR Format :.COLOR [foreground[,background] [NORMAL,REVERSE] Purpose: To specify color changes, underlining or blinking text. Foreground and background refer to designations described below. Remarks: The designation may be a number from 0 to 31, or the words NORMAL or REVERSE. NORMAL causes the monitor to be in normal color mode. Reverse causes the monitor to be in reverse video. The other color designations, which are specified by number, cause the text to be printed in various colors. If you are using a monochrome monitor, those color designations are as follows: 0, 2-6 White on black (normal) 1 Underlined 7 Invisible 8,10-15 High Intensity, White on Black 9 High Intensity, Underlined 16,18-23 Blinking 17 Blinking, Underlined 24,26-31 High Intensity, Blinking 25 Blinking, Underlined, High Intensity If you have the Color/Graphics Monitor, the following colors are displayed: 0 Black 8 Gray 1 Blue 9 Light Blue 2 Green 10 Light Green 3 Cyan 11 Light Cyan 4 Red 12 Light Red 5 Magenta 13 Light Magenta 6 Brown 14 Yellow 7 White 15 High Intensity White To creating a blinking color, add 16 to these colors. That is, 4+16=20 will create blinking red. The command ".COLOR 9" will cause text to be displayed as light blue, with a black (default) background. The command ".color 25,4" would cause text to be blinking blue on a red background. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 26 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ .INFORMATION Format: .INFORMATION ## (*text*) [CONDITIONAL] Purpose: To prompt for, and read information about the user that may be used for documentation purposes. As many as 10 .INF statements may appear. ## may be 1 to 10. Remarks: This information is useful when documentation of a student's performance on a tutorial or test is needed. The information may be sent to a line printer at the end of the session, or may be stored in a file for future evaluation. See the @STOP command. The ## may consist of the numbers 1 to 10. Once an information field is established, it may be used in text by embedding (.inf ##) in the text. That is, a "(.inf" plus the number of the information, followed by a ")". For example, suppose you wished to use the student's first name within a tutorial, you would find it out with the command .INF 1 (*Please enter your first name :*) and then you could use it in text to personalize the tutorial... Very good, (.inf 1), that was the right answer! The optional CONDITIONAL statement tells PC-CAI to skip the information question if information for the information number is already been established. This is useful when you may be going from tutorial to tutorial, and do not want to require that the student re-enter information they have entered before. .LOCATE Format:.LOCATE y,x Purpose: To locate the cursor on the display in preparation for printing. Remark: y may range from 1 to 25, and designates horizontal row. x may range from 1 to 80 and designates vertical column. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 27 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ .PAUSE Format:.PAUSE (*text*) Purpose: To cause output to be suspended until any key is pressed. Example: The most common use for PAUSE will be with the text (*Please press ENTER to continue*). .PLAY Format:.PLAY (*designation*) Purpose: To create sound effects. Remarks:The designation contains a string of characters which specify note to be played. These designations are as follows: A to G with optional # or + to designate sharp, and - to designate flat. Ln sets the length of each note where n ranges from 1 to 64. L2 indicates a half note, and L8 an eighth note, etc. MF designates music foreground. Program halts until music is finished playing. MB designates music background. Music plays while execution of program continues. MN music normal. Each note is played 7/8 of the time specified by L n. ML music legato. Music play a full period. MS music stacato. Each note plays 3/4 of time. Nn Play note n where n may range from 0 to 84. n=0 means rest. Note 1 is the lowest octave C. On Octave n where n may range from 0 to 7. Pn Pause, where n is as in L n. Tn Tempo, where n ranges from 32 to 255, and may be used to casue music to speed up or slow down. Example:.PLAY (*T120O1L8CDEF2G#ABO2C*) __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 28 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ NOTE:The play commands is much the same as the IBM PC BASIC PLAY command. Additional examples of its use may be found in your BASIC manual. .SKIP Format :.SKIP ## Purpose: Causes ## (a number) lines to be skipped on the screen. .USE Format: .USE PROG=programname Purpose: This command allows you to temporary bring in a series of commands (like a subroutine) which is stored in a separate file. The .USE commands will turn over the program stream to the indicated USE file until the end of that file is reached, at which time the program stream will return to the main program. Example:Suppose you often used a certain paragraph, or a character graphics picture which you have stored in a file B:OFTEN.CAI. The command to insert that bit of program code within another program is: .USE PROG=B:OFTEN.CAI .WAIT Format: .WAIT # Purpose: This command causes the program to wait # seconds before continuing. This is handy for producing rolling demos, where you want to time pauses between screens. ---------------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE TUTORIAL USES NO BRANCHING COMMANDS ---------------------------------------------------------- .CLS .SKIP 10 My Very First Tutorial by Ima Writer .SKIP 9 .PAUSE (*Please press ENTER to continue*) __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 29 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ .CLS During the American Revolution, a young General by the name of George Washington lead the rag-tag Contintial Army against the British troops. His popularity was so strong that some wanted to name him King. Washington would not hear of it, but did accept the position as the first president of the new republic. .PAUSE (*Please press ENTER to continue*) .CLS @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 3 There are many famous men associated with the American Revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Paul Revere are a few well known patriots. @READ (*Who was the first President of the USA ? *) @RIGHT (*Washington*) KEYWORD That is correct, George Washington was the first president of the USA. @WRONG (*Jefferson*) KEYWORD He wrote the Declaration of Independence. @WRONG Hint: The Capitol was named after him. @WRONG FINAL The answer is George Washington. @END QUESTION .PAUSE (*Please press ENTER*) @STOP MENU EXAMPLES OF BRANCHING .SKIP 10 .CENTER(*This is an example of Branching in CALL*) .SKIP 2 .USE PROG=USEFIL .SKIP 1 .PAUSE (*Please press ENTER*) @GOTO:ROBIN This will not be printed, since we skipped it. @LABEL:BATMAN This is text which follows the BATMAN label, which is only printed when I go BACK to it using a GOBACK command. .pause (*Please press ENTER*) @LABEL:ROBIN @BEGIN QUESTION .CLS __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 30 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ Now we are in a Question section. The question for the day is... Did the SUN rise this morning? HINT:The correct answer is Yes. However, to test out the branching, you might want to see what happens when you answer NO. @READ(*ENTER YOUR ANSWER:*) @RIGHT (*Yes*) KEYWORD .play (*mfo2l16cdefgabo3c*) @END @IF RIGHT then GOTO:RIGHTANSWER .SKIP 2 This question is only asked if you answered the SUN question WRONG. It is a very special day in which the SUN does not come up. In fact, when that happens, there won't be a day at all, will there? Of course, it could be 3 o'clock in the morning, or there could be a cloud cover, which would make it seem like there was no sun rise. @BEGIN QUESTION Did the SUN rise yesterday morning? The answer is YES whether you like it or not! @READ (*Enter your answer here:*) @RIGHT(*YES*) FORCE NOCASE .play (*mfo2l16cdefgabo3c*) @END QUESTION @GOTO :SKIP @LABEL:RIGHTANSWER This part of the program is performed if the first SUN question is answered CORRECTLY. @LABEL:skip @BEGIN QUESTION NOCOUNT DO YOU WANT TO STOP THIS NONSENSE? @READ(*ENTER Y or N :*) @RIGHT (*Y*) EXACT NOCASE @END QUESTION @IF RIGHT then GOTO:END Okay, then , I'm going back... @GOBACK:BATMAN @LABEL:END .PAUSE (*This is the END!!! Press Enter *) __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 31 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ @STOP MENU THIS IS THE "USE" FILE USED IN THE EXAMPLE ABOVE: ========================================================== .PLAY(*mbo1l4cdefgabo2c*) This text was brought into the stream of the program by a USE command. This program takes you through some exercises in branching, which will help you understanding what may be performed with the commands: @GOTO @GOBACK @IF @LABEL .SKIP 3 ========================================================== ---------------------------------------------------------- GRAPHICS COMMANDS FOR PC-CAI ---------------------------------------------------------- In order to use graphics commands in PC-CAI, you must be using a monitor which will support graphics. There are two CGA graphics modes, low resolution and high resolution. Monitors supporting this are composite graphics, CGA, EGA, PGA, and VGA. Hercules graphic monitors are not currently supported. Most of these commands are similar to the BASIC commands of the same name. For more information on these commands, see the BASIC manual. The first command which you must use to enter graphics mode is the SCREEN command. .SCREEN n where n is 0,1 or 2. 0 - selects the monochrome screen (non graphics, 80 columns) 1 - selects low resolution graphics, 40 columns, 4 colors 2 - selects high resolution graphics, 80 columns, no colors Of course, colors are only supported on a color monitor, and will be supported in the SCREEN 0 setting. Low resolution graphics gives you a screen in which you may access points on the screen (called pixels) 320 from left to right, and 200 from top to bottom. High resolution gives you 640 pixels from left to right and __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 32 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ 200 from top to bottom. Thus, in the following commands, points on the screen will often be referenced by two numbers, the first being the horizonal location (left to right), and the second being the vertical location (up and down). The "home" position (0,0) is the upper left corner of the screen. For example, the location 100,200 would mean the location 100 pixels down the screen, and 200 pixels right of the left border of the screen. This is different from the normal Cartesian point system which you may be familiar, in which the 0,0 position is at the bottom left. When a color monitor is used, and SCREEN 1 is selected, a palette of colors is selectable. The command to do this is .PALETTE n where n is 0, 1 or 2, which selects the palette of colors. Only four colors at a time can be used, the background color plus three selectable colors, according to which palette is being used. The next command locates the graphics "pointer" somewhere on the screen. You may wish to place the pointer on the screen just prior to drawing an picture. .PSET x,y where x is the number of pixels from the left border, and y is the number of pixels from the top border. The DRAW command allows you to draw a picture. .DRAW (*information*) Where the information is a series of commands which indicate how to draw the picture. The commands are as follows the "n" in each commands represents the distance of the move. This distance is n times the scaling factor set by the S command. Un Move Up n pixels Dn Move Down n pixels Ln Move Left n pixels Rn Move Right n pixels En Move Diagonally up and right Fn Move diagonally down and right Gn Move diagonally down and left Hn Move diagonally up and left M x,y Move absolute or relative. If x has __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 33 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ a plus sign(+) or a minus sign (-) in front, it is relative, otherwise it is absolute. B Move but do not plot points N Move but return to original position An Set angle n where n may range from 0 to 3, where 0 is 0 degrees, 1 is 90 degrees, 2 is 180, and 3 is 270. Figures rotated 90 or 270 degrees are scaled so that they appear to be the same with 0 or 180 degrees on a display with standard aspect of 4/3 Cn Set color n, where n may range from 0 to 3 in medium resolution and 0 to 1 in high. Sn Set scale factor n where n may range from 1 to 255. n divided by 4 is the scale factor. Example: .DRAW (*U10L20R30D50*) The CIRCLE command allows you to draw circles or portions of circles. .CIR CENTER=(x,y) RADIUS=n where x and y is the location for the center of the circle, and n is the radius. Optional commands are COLOR=n n=0,1,2 according to palette START=a STOP=b where a and b are in radians ASPECT=n n is numerator of n/12, where 10/12 is normal aspect for medium resolution and 5/12 is normal for high resolution. (See your BASIC manual for a more complete explanation of aspect) Example:.CIR CENTER=(100,100) RADIUS=30 ASPECT=6 COLOR=2 .PAINT CENTER=(x,y) COLOR=n1 BOUND=n2 where x and y are location within an object, n1 is the color to paint n2 is the color of the boundary. Painting will fill from the "center" to the boundary in all directions. Thus, if the boundary is not solid, the entire screen will be painted. USING A SINGLE IMAGE AT A TIME Images, or pictures may be stored on disk and used by __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 34 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ PC-CAI. The IMAGE program is in the Utilities module. To begin the IMAGE program enter the command: C>CAI-UTIL Request the "IMAGE" option from the menu. Images may be of width 2 to 40 and height from 2 to 30. Within the IMAGE program, you may move the cursor around the image grid selecting colors by pressing 1,2,or 3. Once an image is saved, it may be used in a tutorial. .GET filename To bring an image into PC-CAI so it can be used, you must first GET it. The filename is the name under which the image is saved. EXAMPLE: .GET PC.IMG .PUT x,y Puts the image on the screen at the specified location. The x,y specifies where to put the upper left corner of the image. If the image is placed in a position where it will not all fit on the screen, and error will occur. To erase an image which is already on the screen, you PUT the same image on top of the one to be erased. .MOVE (x,y)-(x,y) STEPS=n Instructs PC-CAI to move the image from one location to another. Steps specifies how many steps to take. A small number or steps causes a fast move, and a large number of steps causes a slow move. USING GRAPHIC ANIMATION Prepare your animation sequence by building up to four images in the CAI-UTIL Image option. An example on disk is RUNNER1.IMG, RUNNER2.IMG, RUNNER3.IMG and RUNNER4.IMG. To load in up to four images (.IMG files), use the command .LOAD file1,file2,file3,file4 Be sure they are specified in the order that they are to appear in the animation. To animate the sequence, use the command: __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 35 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ .ANIMATE (X1,Y1)-(X2,X2) [STEPX=#] [STEPy=#] [PAUSE=#] X1,Y1 and X2,Y2 are the beginning and ending points for the animation. Be careful that these points allow the entire image to appear on the screen. Otherwise, you could get an error. The options SETPX, STEPY and PAUSE have to do with how fast the image will go. STEPX is horizontal movement, STEPY is vertical movement and PAUSE is how much to pause between images. The defaults are STEPX=5, STEPY=5 and PAUSE = .1. A simple example is given in the following statements: .SCREEN 1 .LOAD RUNNER1,RUNNER2,RUNNER3,RUNNER4 .ANIMATE (1,100)-(100,100) STEPX=2 STEPY=0 PAUSE=0.1 HINTS FOR USING GRAPHICS Since graphics portions of PC-CAI code may be time consuming to create, edit, and perfect, it is a good idea to create bits of graphic code in small programs, and then to include these portions in a larger tutorial. It may also be advisable to create your own library of images and pictures, which you may draw upon to use over and over. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 36 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ APPENDIX I USER'S BALLOT Please indicate your preference for improvements in PC-CAI. On a scale of 0 to 10 0 = Very Low priority for this change 10 = Very High priority for this change Your Vote Proposed item of change ---- ---------------------------------------------- ____ Provide a "question bank" from which to store and select questions at random or from a list. ____ Support output/control of VCR devices. ____ Support calculation ability in program. ____ Support encryption of files to prevent them from being read by users. ____ Make display to screen faster ____ Support mouse/joystick ____ Provide a "grading" program to summarize results of tests given by the program. ____ Make the editor more like WordStar ____ Support subroutines in the language ____ _____________________________________________ ____ _____________________________________________ ____ _____________________________________________ ____ _____________________________________________ ____ _____________________________________________ ____ _____________________________________________ ____ _____________________________________________ Comments: ----------------------------------------------------------- Mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, Texas 75104. Thanks. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 37 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ APPENDIX II Bug Report for PC-CAI Please explain in detail the problem that occurred. If possible, send a print out of the results or Print Screen, or send copy of the PC-CAI code that caused problems. --------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- Mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, Texas 75104. Thanks. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 38 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ APPENDIX III ERROR CODES These are selected error codes. A complete selection can be found in the IBM PC BASIC language manual. 7 - Out of memory 24 - Device timeout (ie printer) 25 - Device fault 27 - Out of paper 51 - Internal error 58 - File already exists 61 - Disk full 64 - Bad file name 67 - Too many files on disk 68 - Device unavailable (ie printer) 70 - Disk is write protected 71 - Disk not ready 72 - Disk Media error (hardware or media fault) __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 39 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ DISTRIBUTING PROGRAMS WRITTEN IN PC-CAI You may distribute programs written in PC-CAI without royalty under the following conditions. That is, you may distribute the run-time program CAI.EXE with your commercial or non-commercial programs. For a PC-CAI program to run, you must also have the file BRUN30.EXE on disk. This is a program from Microsoft that may be distributed free of charge, as long as the appropriate copyright notice is given. 1. Your copyright screen on your program should include the phrases: Portions (C)Copyright TexaSoft, Alan C. Elliott, 1985-1989 Portions (C)Copyright by Microsoft Corporation 1982-1987 2. You must be a registered PC-CAI user, having paid the registration fee directly to TexaSoft. If you give away or distribute the PC-CAI disk, include all files, unaltered. Always mention that this is a shareware product, and users are expected to register. You may not photocopy and distribute the PC-CAI manual. Please help by encouraging the registration of copyrighted shareware programs so that these programs may be updated and improved on a regular basis. Thanks. __________________________________________________________ Please become a registered PC-CAI user -- see order form 40 PC-CAI 1.0 __________________________________________________________ ORDER FORM/REGISTRATION FORM FOR PC-CAI PC-CAI, Computer Aided Instruction language $___________ for the IBM PC $35. Latest version. KWIKSTAT, statistical analysis program & graphics $___________ (t-test, ANOVA, regression, and more) $35 Sub-Total $___________ Texas Residents add 7% Tax $___________ Postage & Handling $ 4.00 Rush, P.O. or COD add additional $4 Overseas, add additional $6 $___________ TOTAL ENCLOSED $ ============ Payment method:check one _____ Check or M.O. _____ VISA _____ Master Card ------------------------------------------------------------ IF CREDIT CARD: Name on Card:_____________________________________________ Type Card is __________________ Exp Date is:_____________ Card Number is:___________________________________________ Authorized Signature:_____________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------- Mail order to:____________________________________________ Address:__________________________________________________ City:___________________ St_______ ZIP ___________________ Phone ( )______________________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------- Please mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, Texas 75104. Thanks. Phone orders call 214-291-2115. Have MC or VISA ready. MAIL TODAY! 41 or VISA ready.