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DOCUMENTATION FOR RHEMA 1.0 GREEK VOCABULARY DRILL SYSTEM Jan 14, 1987 By Daniel Crider INTRODUCTION Like many students of New Testament, I was having a hard time with learning ancient Greek. It was not that the grammar was that hard, it was that my mind rebelled at the thought of spending thousands of hours trying to memorize the vocabulary. I tried sneaky memory tricks to fool my mind into learning new words (lets see, "BALLO" sounds like "ball" and it means "I throw"). But not all Greek words can fit in to tricks like that. In fact, only a handful are easy to draw mental word pictures with. So I tried the old "write the word 2000 times" trick to burn it into my mind. But if you write "KATERGAZOMAI" 2000 times and still have the Greek spelling correct then you have "accomplished" something! So finally I settled on the ancient tried and true method of flashcards. But I didn't like the store bought sets because their type was usually a different typeface than the Greek in my GREEK NEW TESTAMENT. And it might wind up looking very little like the hand written Greek that I saw on my tests (for the advanced Greek student a change in typeface is no sweat, but for us beginners it tends to turn familiar words who are old friends into aliens from another world). So I began to write my own flash cards. But then I found that I began to learn words not so much by their letters as by things like that coffee stain on "KALOS" and the extra ink blot that I made on "KALEO". I also started losing cards, so I started punching holes in them and using a little ring to keep them together. Now I began to learn them by the normal order I kept my cards in. (Isn't it amazing how many ways our minds can find to cheat in memory work)! I also tried to keep a written list of all my vocabulary words to help me in my translations and in my studies. Naturally, I alphabetized it (or is that Alpha-Beta-ized?) by the GREEK alphabet. Which meant that as I learned new words I had to make a new list from scratch. And flipping through vocab cards just wasn't much fun. I wanted some way to learn the words just as words, and some good way to practice the ones I had trouble with, and some easy way to keep vocabulary lists, and maybe some way to actually enjoy learning Greek. And since I was planning to go into the ministry I certainly wanted to hang on to all of my hard-won new knowledge (i.e. to remember a few words for at least a few weeks after that major test). Make no mistake about it. Learning Greek is no piece of cake (or "artos" either). If you are unwilling to put some time and work into learning this language then this program is not going to be an easy "no work on your part" simple soultion to passing èyour next test (and especially not to reading the Greek New Testament). But this system can help those of you who are willing to work by organizing and simplfying your vocabulary drills. And the largest part of learning any language is learning the vocabulary. And this should make a regular vocabulary review much more painless for those of you who wish to remember and use your Greek after you "learn" it the first time. I don't claim that this program is the perfect solution to mastering Greek, but it sure has helped me! And it may be just the thing to challenge you and keep you sharp on your vocabulary. LEGAL FORMALITIES COPYRIGHT 1987 BY DANIEL R. CRIDER This system is released into the Public Domain on a SHAREWARE basis. Please send $15 to Daniel Crider for the right to use this program. This program is not to be re-sold or re-released with any commercial package. It may be used for educational purposes by schools and religious bodies so long as the institution buys one copy. Such an institution may then make as many copies as they wish for backup and onsite learning lab purposes. Individual students are asked to buy individual copies for home use. The user has the right to make any changes he wishes to his own personal copy, so long as he does not distribute versions of his copy. The only version in circulation should be the author's original. Comments and suggestions for improvement are welcome and earnestly desired. This program is released under the assumption that most of the people who will use it and benefit from it are people of high ethics who are preparing for service in Ministerial or Academic careers or who desire to become deeper and stronger Christians through a more intensive study of the Word of God. Those who pay for their own copies (as all should) will be sent free upgrades and will be personally notified of any other low-cost software designed by the author to aid language students and church ministry. Please mail your payment to: DANIEL CRIDER 6604 CERVANTES AVE FT. WORTH, TEXAS 76133 COMMENTS MAY BE MAILED TO THE SAME ADDRESS OR MESSAGES MAY BE LEFT ON: TERRY CARROLL'S THE POOR MAN'S Z-NODE 817-283-9167 **or** RON LANE'S FORT WORTH KAYPRO USERS GROUP RCPM & MBBS 817-540-4183è RHEMA SYSTEM GENERAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FEATURES: 1. Wide system compatibility. 2. Customizing of character set possible. 3. Large potential vocabulary files (over 2500 words on a 300K disk). 4. Printed vocabulary listings in either sorted or non-sorted form which will list on any 80 character printer. 5. Easy word entry with lots of chances to correct mistakes. 6. Capability to easily correct any errors in vocabulary file. 7. Four different kinds of drills, all of which keep a running score (to increase your motivation!) and which will periodically re-ask words you have missed. 8. A fourth drill option of limiting any drill to a particular part of speech (verbs only, nouns only, etc.). 9. Possible Remote usage under MBYE or other remote operating systems in learning lab applications. PACKAGE CONTENTS Your RHEMA GREEK Vocabulary Drill System should contain the following files: 1. RHEMA.BAS............Main Basic Program 2. DRILLG.BAS...........A "stripped-down" version of the main program which can easily be run remotely in school applications. 3. SORTG.BAS............A "stripped-down" version of the main program which is useful for sorting large vocabulary files. 4. ALPHA.BAS..........An ASCII file which can be loaded and edited by most BASIC interpreters or word-processors which contains the drawings of the GREEK aphabet and accents. 5. VOCAB.GRK................A sample vocabulary file containing over 100 commonly used words from the Greek New Testament. 6. RHEMA.WS/RHEMA.DOC...This documentation package. RHEMA.WS is documentation in a WORDSTAR format while RHEMA.DOC is this documentation is a standard ASCII text file. OPERATION OF THE RHEMA SYSTEM Some of you who have just bought this system will be dying to get started, if you are anything like most people with a new piece of software. Here are the steps to follow as you begin: 1. Begin by making a backup copy. This may help to prevent either insanity or the wonton destruction of your computer system at a later date. You should also frequently back up your system to keep a second copy of your VOCABULARY files. See the APENDIX for suggested backup procedures. DO NOT PLAY WITH THE PROGRAM UNTIL YOU HAVE MADE YOUR FIRST BACKUP COPY 2. Insert your new working disk into your system's B drive (or second drive). If you have a copy of WORDSTAR then place it in your A drive (or main drive). Use WORDSTAR to print the file RHEMA.WS. If you do not have WORDSTAR then use whatever word processing software you have to print RHEMA.DOC. These files both contain you documentation. RHEMA.WS is for WORDSTAR, RHEMA.DOC is for those of you who do not have WORDSTAR. The information in RHEMA.WS and RHEMA.DOC is the same. Note: If you have no printer, or cannot print your documentation for any reason then contact the software author: Daniel Crider 6604 Cervantes Ave. Ft. Worth, TX. 76133 A printed copy of your documentation will be sent to you at no charge. 3. Read your documentation. ALL of it. Remember the following maximum: "WHEN ALL ELSE FAILS TRY READING THE DIRECTIONS. IF THAT DOES NOT WORK TRY FOLLOWING THEM." 4. Start the RHEMA system by loading the program RHEMA.BAS into your BASIC interpreter. If you are using Microsoft Basic on a CPM system then the correct command should be something like: MBASIC RHEMA If you have an MS-DOS system the command may be: è GWBASIC RHEMA Other systems will probably use: BASIC RHEMA The program begins by loading its alphabet in from the file ALPHA.BAS. You are then asked to enter a Random number seed. If you enter the same number each time you will get the same drills when you practice your vocabulary. After you enter your Random number seed, your screen should clear and you should see the RHEMA MAIN MENU. It looks like this: RHEMA 1.0 GREEK VOCABULARY DRILL SYSTEM MASTER MENU 1-- ADD NEW WORDS TO VOCABULARY 2-- REVIEW LAST X WORDS 3-- REVIEW ENTIRE VOCABULARY 4-- REVIEW ENTIRE VOCABULARY-- --CONCENTRATE ON LAST X WORDS 5-- PRINT VOCABULARY 6-- CORRECT VOCABULARY 7-- END PROGRAM At this point you should enter some number between 1 and 7 and strike the RETURN key. VOCABULARY DRILL (MASTER MENU OPTIONS 2, 3, OR 4) The RHEMA system offers you three menu options on your drill: To drill over your entire vocabulary, to drill over your most recent words, or to cover your entire vocabulary while concentrating on your most recent words. If you choose one of the latter two options you will be asked to enter the number of most recent words you would like to concentrate on. As soon as you select any one of the three menu options you will get an opportunity to select a fourth variation. The system will ask you: DO YOU WISH TO LIMIT YOUR DRILL TO A PARTICULAR TYPE OF SPEECH? If you answer this with a "N" then the drills will cover all types of words in your vocabulary. If you answer this with a "Y" then you will be prompted: ENTER YOUR SELECTED WORD TYPE TO DRILL 1. VERBS 2. NOUNS 3. PRONOUNS 4. ADJECTIVES 5. ADVERBS 6. OTHER ENTER YOUR CHOICE 1-6è At this point you will enter some number between 1 and 6. All drill until you return to the MAIN MENU will be limited to this part of speech. Note: In order to make vocabulary drills reasonable as far as disk search algorithms and your wait time, the limiting option can be used only if you have at least 15 words present in the review area that fall into the category you select. For example, if you were to specify limiting and select verbs, and you were using menu option 3 (drill over entire vocabulary), then your entire vocabulary file would have to have at least 15 verbs in it. In another example, if you specified limiting, selected nouns, and picked menu option 2 (reveiw last X words) with X set to 20, then out of the last 20 words in the vocabulary file at least 15 would have to be nouns. Should your reveiw area have less than 15 words in it of the type selected for limiting, then limiting will automatically dis- able itself and you will have a review drill which is not limited to any particular type of word. All drills can give you a score breakdown (words asked, words gotten right, grade) at any time by entering the word "SCORE" at the definition prompt. Entering the word "HALT" at the prompt will stop the drill and return you to the Main Menu. If you don't know a word you may enter a guess, or you may just hit the ENTER or RETURN key. A Correct response will say "*** CORRECT ***" flash the correct definition as it was loaded into the file for a moment before going to another word. Incorrect responses will cause the terminal to BEEP and print the phase "*** INCORRECT ANSWER ***". The computer will then hold the correct definition on the screen until you strike some key on the keyboard. The computer will then ask you the missed word for twice more in a row (with no change on your score for correct answers on this "drill" section). If you can correctly answer the missed word two times, then another word is selected and scoring resumes (with a minor bonus for the two right answers). Each miss (even during the drill for a missed word) will require two more practice tries on the missed word. Words that are missed by you are remembered by the computer. Periodically it will re-call those words to see if you have learned them. A correct response to a recall will cause the computer to remove the word from the "miss list" and put it back in the normal pool. A second or third miss just keeps it on the list. Words that are correctly answered are not asked again for a while. The interval between queries of the same word depends on how many words you have in your vocabulary, what types they are (if you are using a limited drill), and how big an X factor you choose on menu options 2 and 4. If possible, the program will try not to recall the same word for at least 30 words. *****è ADDING NEW WORDS (MASTER MENU OPTION 1) How do you get GREEK into a computer that speaks ENGLISH? It is not as hard as you might think. When you first take the menu option to add new words you will be asked: DO YOU WANT MENUS? Always answer "Y" until you become comfortable with the program. In fact, you may never want to say "N" to menus. The only reason the option is present is so that if you are running the software remote (such as calling a school computer from your home computer) at a low speed (such as 300 baud) you can write down the menus and not waste the time of letting them dribble across your screen. At this point you will be shown the following menu of loading options: ENTER YOUR CHOICE OF LOADING SET-UPS 1.--STANDARD LOAD 2.--QUICK LOAD BY LETTER NUMBER 3.--TRANSLITERATION LOAD ENTER YOUR CHOICE 1, 2, OR 3 STANDARD LOAD STANDARD LOAD is the most time consuming, but is best for beginners until they get the hang of the RHEMA system. It will give you the most help and the easiest with which to correct mistakes. Once you are in the word-addition loop you will first be asked to enter the number of letters in the word. Your maximum is 12 letters. Then you will see a menu listing all of the GREEK letters, dipthongs, blank, and "correct last LETTER". IMPORTANT NOTE: Be CERTAIN that you have the correct number of letters. If you blow this number the only way to change it is to go to the CORRECT VOCABULARY section and take option 4-- RE-ENTER WORD FROM SCRATCH. (And if your all hyped up to enter a bunch of new vocabulary pulling out of ADD NEW WORDS and going off to CORRECT VOCABULARY is not much fun). Enter each LETTER by the number assigned to it. Enter numbers one at a time, and strike the return key after each number. As soon as you enter each number and strike RETURN the screen will clear, the menu will be redisplayed, and the word as you have entered it so far will appear beneath the menu, one letter at a time. SIGMAs that fall as the last letter of a word are automatically switched to the FINAL SIGMA form.è As you are entering letters if you make a mistake and pick the wrong one you may correct the problem on the next LETTER request. Simply enter a 30, for "CORRECT LAST LETTER". The program will ask you if you want to correct the last letter, and then show you the letter it is asking about. If you opt to correct then the last letter entered is erased and you get to re- enter it. Sometimes you may wish to enter a short phrase or an idiom of some kind. Or you may wish to include the article with a noun (which is an excellent idea!) The program has a blank space for this very purpose. The software allows only 1 blank between any two letters. You may put two or three blanks in an entire phrase (like a three word phrase separated by one blank each). When you enter the number of letters for the word include any internal blanks in your count. This also includes any blanks which you plan to place an APOSTROPHE over to indicate a missing letter. Thus something like "DI'AUTOU" ("through him") is counted as eight letters. You could also put a blank betwen a word and its article. Note the following literal example which is considered as 9 letters: @ @@ @ @ @ @ @@@ @ @ @ @ @@ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @@@@@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @@ @ @@@ @ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The choice of putting a leading article with your nouns to help with noun study is an excellent idea. Unfortunately, your screen is only 80 characters long, so some of the longer nouns may have to go without the article. Remember, your maximum is 12 letters, including the article and the space between the article and the word. You might also wish to include with some nouns genative endings (ex: THEOS, -OU). You have a hyphen for this purpose. After you have entered all of the letters the program shows you your word and asks you if all of the letters are correct. If you answer "Y", you move on to accents and marks. A "N" response will give you the following menu: PLEASE CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. ABORT-RETURN TO MAIN MENU 2. RETRY THIS WORD FROM SCRATCH 3. FIX THIS WORD ENTER 1, 2 OR 3 At this point you may select 1 if you wish to stop loading words and return to the main menu. The current word is forgotton èif you do that. Or you make take option 2 which will let you start this word over. This is useful if you have entered the wrong number of letters. Option 3 is used if you have entered one or more letters incorrectly, but do not wish to re-enter the whole word from scratch. It will let you select which letter(s) to change, and will allow you to correct them. ACCENTS AND SPECIAL MARKS The accent/mark routine works in a manner similar to the letter routine. A menu of accents and special marks is displayed. Pick your accents by number one at a time. First enter the number of the letter you wish to place an acent or mark over. Letter number 1 is always the left-most letter in the word. After you have picked your letter, the computer will ask you for the number off of the menu for the accent or mark you want to go over your seleceted letter. Each time you enter an accent or mark the menu is redisplayed and the word in its current form is shown. As with letters, you have a "blank" accent. This is useful for erasing mistakes. Just re-select the letter which has an accent or mark and which does not need one, and give it a blank instead. The letter beneath remains unchanged. Once you have entered all of the accents and marks then choose letter # 99 to end the accent/mark load. The program will then ask you if they are all correct. If not, you will be returned to the accent/mark menu and be given a chance to fix any problems. DEFINITIONS As soon as you get all of your accents and marks right you will be asked for a definition. Definitions are limited to 65 characters. Multiple definitions separated by **OR** are possible. The drill will take your answer and attempt to match it to some part of the definition. If your entire answer can be found anywhere within the definition it will be counted correct. WORD TYPE Once you enter the definition, you will be given the following prompt: WHAT KIND OF WORD IS THIS? SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. VERB 2. NOUN 3. PRONOUN 4. ADJECTIVE 5. ADVERB 6. OTHER ENTER CHOICE (1-6) At this point you should select what kind of word your new word is and chose the corresponding number. NEW WORD STORAGE Once the definition is entered and the type selected you will be asked if you are ready to store the word. If you answer è"N" you will be re-prompted for the definition and word type. If you answer "Y" the word will be written to the next disk record. You should be able to get about 2500 words in approximately 300K of disk space. IF THIS SOUNDS HARD... The procedure to enter new words looks on paper to be long and complex. Actually it is pretty easy. The best way to learn is to just to enter a few words. Once you put in two or three you will probably be ready for the QUICKLOAD option. QUICK LOAD BY LETTER NUMBER The normal method of entering new words is to run through the following little sequence: 1. MENU DISPLAYED 2. WORD DISPLAYED 3. PICK UP NEXT LETTER 1. MENU DISPLAYED 2. WORD DISPLAYED 3. PICK UP NEXT LETTER ETC.,ETC.,ETC. You will soon wish there was some way to enter all of your letters at once without seeing the menu and the word over and over again. Well, this is one wish that is easily granted. Select the QUICK LOAD option when you choose your loading set-up. QUICK LOAD will begin (just like normal) by asking you the number of letters, clearing the screen, and displaying the LETTER menu. But then you may enter your letters all at once. Use 2-digit codes separated by a comma, a space, a or a period. For example, lets say you want a Theta on your 1st LETTER (the one on the far left hand side), an Epsilon on your second letter, a Lambda in the third, and an Omega for the last (THELO). The menu assigns a code 8 to Theta, a code 5 to Epsilon, a code 11 to Lambda and a code 24 to Omega. You enter: 08.05.11.24 And strike the return key. After you enter the letters, the program will show you the word and give you the chance to fix any letter. After you tell the program that all the letters are correct you will be asked to enter the accents and marks. Again the ACCENTS AND SPECIAL MARKS menu would appear and the word with the letters you have picked would be displayed. From then on QUICK LOAD is just like the STANDARD LOAD word adding procedure. You get to check your accents, enter your definition, and store the word. And once you learn QUICK LOAD you should be able to enter 20 to 40 new vocabulary words within an hour (provided of course that you are not a "HEN-PECK" typist). TRANSLITERATION LOAD This is the simplest and the fastest of the three loading methods. It does not have the precision of QUICK LOAD or the help of STANDARD LOAD, but it may soon become the only way you want to enter new words. All you have to do is enter transliterated English (like "THELO" for the above example). This method does have a few drawbacks though. Both Epsilon and Eta tranliterate to the English "E". RHEMA will always pick Epsilon for an "E", unless it falls at the end of a word. Also both Omicron and Omega transliterate to the English "O". RHEMA will use Omega if the "O" is at the end of a word (like "THELO") and Omicron if the "O" èfalls anywhere else (like "AGGELOS"). Also there is no way to load an improper dipthong (ALPHA-IOTA, ETA-IOTA, or OMEGA-IOTA) from TRANSLITERATION load. Other things to be aware of are that words which begin with an "H" followed by a vowel lose that "H" to a rough breathing mark (like "HODOS"). The same is true for a word which begins with a consonant followed by an "H" (like "RHEMA"). NOTE: ALWAYS BE SURE TO TYPE LETTERS IN UPPER CASE WHEN USING TRANSLITERATION LOAD. Once TRANSLITERATION load makes its first try at the Greek, it will show you the word and give you the chance to correct any letters (such as swapping Etas for Epsilons. If TRANSLITERATION load has hopelessly mangled some word and you would like to try to load it some other way, you may answer the ARE LETTERS CORRECT? prompt with the word "ABORT". This will return you to the Main Menu. If the word is usable and you answer "ARE LETTERS CORRECT?" with "Y" then you will go on to Accents and Special Marks in the normal manner. ***** WORD CORRECTION (MASTER MENU OPTION 6) Even with all of those chances to check your work you will still occasionally get a word loaded into the VOCAB file incorrectly. You can fix anything you have done with the CORRECT VOCABULARY option from the master menu. You will first be asked to enter the word number of the word you wish to correct. These word numbers are the same as record numbers, since one word is stored on each record in the disk file. The printed listing will give you the word numbers for all of your words. Or, if you don't want to bother looking through the list (or you are running remotely and can't look through the list) then you can have the computer search for the word number. To do this, enter "S" instead of a word number. The computer will ask you for a definition to look for. You can enter a single word, or a phrase, or an entire definition, or just a few letters. The program will scan the file and list all of the word numbers which contain the definition you entered. Write these numbers down on a pad or a piece of paper. Then pick one of the numbers and try it. If it is not the word you want, get another word. Keep doing this until you find the word you are looking for. When you know the word number you want to correct and have entered it, the computer will display the GREEK word, its definition, and a word correction menu. You may change accents, letters, definitions, or just scratch the word and re-enter it completely. After each change the program shows you the current èform of the word and definition and then redisplayes the correction menu. IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT CORRECTING WORDS 1. SAVE THAT WORD! When you are correcting words and/or definitions what you see on the screen is the word's current form in your computer's memory. It is not the word's form on disk. The word's form on disk REMAINS UNCHANGED until you STORE THE WORD ON DISK (option # 6). So, make your changes, then store the word, then either get another word to correct or return to RHEMA's master menu. If you get another word or return to the master menu without storing the corrected word then the word retains its original form and definition. 2. AVOID DELETING WORDS. You can delete a word off the disk, but once it is gone...its gone! And that particular record will never be used by the program again. RHEMA automatically skips deleted records and does not include them in its word count. To maintain system simplicity new words are always added at the end of the VOCAB file. If you must get rid of a word, it would be better to take option 4--RE-ENTER WORD FROM SCRATCH. This option will allow you to enter a completely new word in this slot. 3. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE THE LAST WORD. The system needs its last record to contain a real word. Should you attempt to delete the last word, RHEMA will give you an error message and return to the correction menu. If you must get rid of the last word, put some other vocabulary word in there in stead. Or add another word and then delete what was the last word. 4. RE-ENTERING A WORD FROM SCRATCH is the only way to change the number of letters in a word. It runs just like the section on ADDING NEW WORDS. 5. IF JUST WANT TO LOOK at a word then this is the place to do it. Call the word up like you were going to correct it, but don't make any changes. Instead, just either go get another word or return to the master menu. PRINTING YOUR VOCABULARY (MASTER MENU OPTION 5) RHEMA will print your vocabulary on any 80-column printer. You will first be prompted with the question "DO YOU WISH TO PRINT ACTUAL GREEK?". If you answer "Y" then RHEMA prints 3 words to a page, each word is printed exactly as it is displayed on the screen. Also the word number, the definition(s), and the transliteration are printed . This will take a lot of paper, but might be useful for flashcards. If you answer "DO YOU WISH TO PRINT ACTUAL GREEK?" with "N" then RHEMA gives you all of the above information, but does not print Greek. Instead you will have to depend on the English transliteration. This type of èlisting will print 9 words to a page. RHEMA allows you to print either your entire vocabulary or a portion of your vocabulary. You will first be asked: "DO YOU WISH TO PRINT OUT THE ENTIRE VOCABULARY?". If you answer "N" to this prompt you will be given the chance to print out some portion of your vocabulary. On a partial printing you will need to supply the first word number to begin printing with and the last word number to print. RHEMA will then print all of the words from your starting word through your ending word in consecutive order. Should you choose to print the entire vocabulary, you may print it in either SORTED order or in consecutive order. A consecutive print just prints the words in the order that they happen to be in your file. It is much faster than a sorted listing. If you choose a SORTED order then RHEMA will sort your vocabulary by the GREEK letters. This takes a while, a long while if you have a lot of words. How long? This depends on the speed of your computer ,how many words you have, and how far out of order they are to begin with. Plan on at least half an hour for most systems if you have more than 100 words. It is also possible that your vocabulary may be to big to sort from the main program (RHEMA.BAS). If this is the case, you will get an "OUT OF STRING SPACE" error from BASIC. You can still probably get a sorted listing though. A much smaller program which does nothing but sort and print your vocabulary is included in your system. If you run out of space return to your operating system level (usually with the command "SYSTEM" on Microsoft Basic). Then use basic to run the program SORTG.BAS. The sorted listing is a little more trouble to produce than the non-sorted listing, but it is much more convenient to use. You can quickly use a sorted listing to check your vocabulary, and you may also find it an aid to translations (at least until you have spent enough time with RHEMA's vocabulary drills to memorize all of your words). Any of the printing options should print on any kind of printer (i.e. DOT MATRIX or DAISY WHEEL). The printouts are large, since the word is printed on the paper the same way it is on your screen. You should get 3 words per page. The large size, although somewhat cumbersome, gives you the added advantage of cutting your listing up to produce flashcards (for those rare, rare occasions when you don't have your computer with you....just be careful not to spill any coffee on any of the words). SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY In order to achieve maximum system compatibility this software was written in Microsoft Basic (v 5.2). It should run with few or no changes on any CPM, MS-DOS, or TRSDOS system which uses Microsoft Basic. It may be possible to modify it so that it will run on any BASIC which supports an 80-character screen, direct (or random) disk files, and string handling. The system currently requires only about 32k memory, and can be run remotely using MBYE (and probably other communication systems). It was èoriginally written on a Kaypro 2X. There are four video control codes which are needed by this program. These are: clear screen, up-cursor one line, down-cursor one line, and bell (or beep). The user will need to load these codes into the subroutines at lines 4550, 4700, 4850, and 5000. If the user lacks the technical ability to do this he may write the author (or send a message) for assistance. In the meantime he should swap the PRINT statements in these subroutines for a single RETURN statement. This will enable the program to run, but some of the MENUs will be a little off, and the general appearance will not be as neat. The current version is set for the video codes of a Kaypro 2X. But lets say the user needs video codes for a VT100. The current clear screen for KAYPRO 2X is a hex 1A. This is a decimal 26 and is used in the following manner. 4700 REM ************** CLEAR SCREEN CODE 4750 PRINT CHR$(26) 4850 RETURN The VT100 terminal manual lists the clear screen code as ESC [2J. The ESC means that an escape sequence is used, i.e. one which begins with a hex 1B or a decimal 27. The [2J need to have their ASCII values expressed. You can look these up in a character code table, or basic will tell you with the ASC function (PRINT ASC("[")) will print the number 91). The VT100 manual also warns that their clear screen code does not automatically "HOME" the cursor to the top lefthand part of the screen. You not only want to clear your screen, you need to home the cursor. So you will also need the Home cursor code, which is ESC [H. Your clear screen routine will look like this: 4700 REM ************** CLEAR SCREEN CODE 4750 PRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(91);CHR$(50);CHR$(74) 4770 PRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(91);CHR$(72) 4800 RETURN IF you are still hopelessly lost and cannot figure out what to do, then change your routine to: 4700 REM ************** CLEAR SCREEN CODE 4800 RETURN Your program will still work, but won't look as nice in some places. Don't forget to change the routines for BELL, UP-CURSOR, and DOWN-CURSOR as well as CLEAR SCREEN. After you have changed these four subroutines then test the program (RUN). If all is well, then save your custom version (SAVE "RHEMA" on most Microsoft Basic systems). Note: in the Appendix there are examples of complete changes to make for IBM-PC systems and TANDY 1000 systems. Also many of you will have recieved versions of RHEMA which have already been customized for you. If you version has already been set for your computer then there was a note stating that which was shipped with the disk.è CUSTOMIZING THE GREEK CHARACTERS If you wish to change the way the GREEK characters are drawn RHEMA makes it easy for you to do so. All characters are kept in a file called ALPHA.BAS. Crank up your BASIC interpreter (or a text or word processing program) and load the file (load it just like a program from basic). The characters fall into 2 types: letters and accents/special marks. All characters are 6 positions wide. Letters are 9 positions tall. Vowels are 3 positions tall. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD YOU MODIFY THE ORDER OF THE LETTERS OR THE SIZE OF THE LETTERS. IT WOULD ALSO BE WISE NOT TO RENUMBER THE FILE. The following is a sample portion of the file: 39600 DATA " "11 39650 DATA " "2 39700 DATA " @@ @"3 39750 DATA " @ @ "4 39800 DATA " @ @ "5 39850 DATA " @@ @"6 39900 DATA " "7 39950 DATA " "8 40000 DATA " "9 40050 DATA " "12 40100 DATA " "2 40150 DATA " @@ @"3 40200 DATA " @ @ "4 40250 DATA " @ @ "5 40300 DATA " @@ @"6 40350 DATA " @ "7 40400 DATA " @ "8 40450 DATA " @ "9 40500 DATA " "13 40550 DATA " @@@@ "2 40600 DATA " @ @"3 40650 DATA " @@@@ "4 40700 DATA " @ @"5 40750 DATA " @@@@ "6 40800 DATA " @ "7 40850 DATA " "8 40900 DATA " "9 40950 DATA " "14 41000 DATA " "2 41050 DATA " @ @"3 41100 DATA " @ @"4 41150 DATA " @ @ "5 41200 DATA " @ "6 41250 DATA " @ "7 41300 DATA " @ "8 41350 DATA " "9è These are the letters ALPHA, ALPHA-IOTA DIPTHONG, BETA, and GAMMA. Suppose you don't care for this GAMMA. Maybe you would like one a GAMMA with a straight instead of a slanted descender. You could do that by retyping lines 40950-41350. You might like: 40950 DATA " "14 41000 DATA " "2 41050 DATA " @ @"3 41100 DATA " @ @"4 41150 DATA " @ @ "5 41200 DATA " @ "6 41250 DATA " @ "7 41300 DATA " @ "8 41350 DATA " "9 It is recommended that you always leave the first line of the letter blank (like 40950) and that you always keep the leftmost position (the first thing inside the first quote(") blank. This will help readability. The drawing character also need not be "@" (you could use "*" or "x" or anything else you wish). But "@" seems to work well. The numbers on the right hand side of the letters (11,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,2,3...) are there to help identify which letter is which. "11" is the first line of the first character. Each character has 9 lines. Lines 7-9 are for parts of the character which seem to be below "the line". In typesetting terms it is known as a "descender". This is why some of your Greek characters have nothing beneath line 6. When you finish your changes, if you have made them with a BASIC interpreter rather than a word processor, then you will need to save them to disk with the ASCII file option. On most versions of Microsoft Basic this will require the command: SAVE "ALPHA",A ******** VOCABULARY STORAGE In order to save disk space, this software saves your words as numeric codes. Each word, along with its definition, are stored in a Direct Access disk file which requires 125 bytes per record. Each record contains one word and its definition. This means that on an average 400K disk, if 300K is left for vocabulary you should have room for about 2500 words (which is more than most of us may ever learn)! Definitions are limited to 65 character phrases. Multiple definitions are possible. For example lets say you want to define "ANAGGELLO" as "I announce" or as "I report" you could enter the definition as: I ANNOUNCE **OR** I REPORT The drill portion of the program would accept any of the èfollowing as correct answers: I ANNOUNCE ANNOUNCE I REPORT REPORT You could also include in the definition area English cognates to help you learn, and/or the part of speech the word is (like NOUN NOM or PRESENT 1MS). A sample VOCAB file is supplied with this package which contains over 100 frequently used GREEK words. You may keep it and expand it or delete it and start from scratch. It is also possible to keep several vocabulary files at once. Thus you might keep one named VERBS which had only verbs in it. Or you might have one named F100 which contained only those Greek words which have a frequency of more than 100 occurances in the New Testament. When the program starts up it will ask you what the name of the vocabulary file is you wish to use. If you strike the carriage return or enter key at that prompt the system will use its default file of VOCAB.GRK. Any new vocabulary files which you specify the system will append the phrase "GRK" to for a file name. ANSWERING SYSTEM PROMPTS Most of the questions that RHEMA asks you fall into either a YES/NO category or are requesting some number (such as a menu selection or a letter or word number). All YES/NO type questions should be answered with either "Y" or "N" rather than "YES" or "NO". RHEMA looks at all responses and will reask the question if your answer is not something expected or is invalid. You can usually return to the master menu level by answering a question which wants a numeric response with either a 0 or by striking the RETURN key. The word "HALT" will return all drill exercises to the master menu when entered instead of a word definition. CONCLUSION I certainly hope that this software will be as much help to you as it has been to me in learning GREEK. If you have trouble with your copy, please contact me. I will do everything I can to help you get your version up and running. If for any reason you are not happy with RHEMA and would like your money returned, then let me know. If you don't think this software is worth the $10.00 you payed for it then I will be more than happy to refund your money. In the future I will be developing some other programs to aid both language students and those in church work. If you have any ideas you would like for me to try then let me know. Those of you who buy RHEMA will be personally notified of any other software which I develop in these areas. And since I am not interrested in buying expensive software, you can be certain the èsoftware I sell will be low-cost. DEDICATED TO THE HONOUR AND SERVICE OF JESUS CHRIST APPENDIX The following are two examples of complete changes to make to the video drivers for this program. To begin with, the program has its codes in KAYPRO 2X format. They look like this: 4550 REM ************************ RING BELL CODE 4600 PRINT CHR$(7);CHR$(7); 4650 RETURN 4700 REM ************************ CLEAR SCREEN CODE 4750 PRINT CHR$(26) 4800 RETURN 4850 REM ************************ CURSOR UP SCREEN CODE 4900 PRINT CHR$(11); 4950 RETURN 5000 REM ************************ CURSOR DOWN SCREEN CODE 5050 PRINT CHR$(10); 5100 RETURN IBM PC VERSION If you have an IBM PC follow the steps below to fix your system: 1. Place Basic diskette in main drive (Usually drive "A") 2. Place RHEMA diskette in second drive (Usually drive "B") 3. Start Basic (GWBASIC on most IBMs) 4. Load RHEMA (LOAD "B:RHEMA" on most IBMs) 5. Type the following lines: 4750 CLS 4900 PRINT CHR$(62); 5050 PRINT CHR$(63); LIST 4550-5100 Your computer should respond by listing lines 4850-5650. They should look like this: 4550 REM ************************ RING BELL CODE 4600 PRINT CHR$(7);CHR$(7); 4650 RETURN 4700 REM ************************ CLEAR SCREEN CODE 4750 CLS 4800 RETURN 4850 REM ************************ CURSOR UP SCREEN CODE 4900 PRINT CHR$(62); 4950 RETURN 5000 REM ************************ CURSOR DOWN SCREEN CODE 5050 PRINT CHR$(63); 5100 RETURN If your lines look like the above then save your new copy of the program (SAVE "B:RHEMA" on most IBMs). If your code does not look like the above then reset your computer, begin at step 1 and try again. è TANDY 1000 VERSION If you have an TANDY 1000 follow the steps below to fix your system: 1. Place Basic diskette in main drive (Usually drive "A") 2. Place RHEMA diskette in second drive (Usually drive "B") 3. Start Basic (BASIC on most TANDY 1000s) 4. Load RHEMA (LOAD "B:RHEMA" on most TANDY 1000s) 5. Type the following lines: 4750 CLS 4900 PRINT CHR$(30); 5100 PRINT CHR$(31); LIST 4550-5100 Your computer should respond by listing lines 4550-5100. They should look like this: 4550 REM ************************ RING BELL CODE 4600 PRINT CHR$(7);CHR$(7); 4650 RETURN 4700 REM ************************ CLEAR SCREEN CODE 4750 CLS 4800 RETURN 4850 REM ************************ CURSOR UP SCREEN CODE 4900 PRINT CHR$(30); 4950 RETURN 5000 REM ************************ CURSOR DOWN SCREEN CODE 5050 PRINT CHR$(31); 5100 RETURN If your lines look like the above then save your new copy of the program (SAVE "B:RHEMA" on most TANDY 1000s). If your code does not look like the above then reset your computer, begin at step 1 and try again. FIRST BACKUP A. Format a blank diskette. B. Put your operating system on it. C. Copy your version of BASIC to it. D. Copy all of the files from your orginal RHEMA diskette to it. E. Keep your original in a safe place. The disk you have just created is your new working copy. DO NOT PLAY WITH THE PROGRAM UNTIL YOU HAVE MADE YOUR FIRST BACKUP COPY You may make future backups using the same procedure. Our you may just periodically copy your vocabulary file onto a backup disk. Then if you need it, take the following steps: STEPS TO RECOVER FROM DISK CRASH (or how to bring the program and vocabulary back from electronic nirvana) A. Place a brand new disk in drive B: B. Place your system disk in drive A: C. Load your BACKUP program (see your system manual) and follow the steps for backing up a system disk. Insert your first backup of the RHEMA software in drive A: when your backup program tells you to load your source diskette. D. After your BACKUP program finishes, then use your copy program (PIP or ZX3 for CPM systems) to copy your latest version of your vocabulary file onto your new working RHEMA diskette. You should now be back in business. NOTES: 1) MICROSOFT BASIC is a trademark of Microsoft, Inc. 2) CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research 3) MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft, Inc. 4) TRSDOS is a trademark of Radio Shack, a division of Tandy Corporation.