\b0 makes a local directory (or file) available for mounting over the network by NFS clients. It is normally invoked at boot time by the /etc/rc.local script, and uses information contained in the /etc/exports file to export a directory (which must be specified as a full pathname). The super-user can run exportfs at any time to alter the list or characteristics of exported directories. Directories that are currently exported are listed in the file /etc/xtab. With no options or arguments, exportfs prints out the list of directories currently exported.
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 All. Export all directories listed in /etc/exports, or if -u is specified, unexport all of the currently exported directories
. Print each directory as it is exported or unexported
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Unexport the indicated directories
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Ignore the options in /etc/exports. Normally, exportfs will consult /etc/exports for the options associated with the exported directory
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Specify a comma-separated list of optional characteristics for the directory being exported
CommandArgument
Enter to turn argument on
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Export the directory read-only. If not specified, the directory is exported read-write
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The format for this argument is:\
hostname[:hostname]...
\b0 \
Export the directory read-mostly. Read-mostly means exported read-only to most machines, but read-write to those specified. If not specified, the directory is exported read-write to all
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 If a request comes from an unknown user, use uid as the effective user ID. Note: root users (uid 0) are always considered "unknown" by the NFS server, unless they are included in the "root" option below. The default value for this option is -2. Setting the value of ``anon'' to -1 disables anonymous access
j{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The format for this argument is:\
hostname[:hostname]...
\b0 \
Give root access only to the root users from a specified hostname. The default is for no hosts to be granted root access
access
a{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The format for this argument is:\
client[:client]...
\b0 \
\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\fc0\cf0 Give mount access to each client listed. A client can either be a hostname, or a netgroup (see netgroup(5)). Each client in the list is first checked for in the /etc/netgroup database, and then the /etc/hosts database. The default value allows any machine to mount the given directory
directory
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The directory to be made available to NFS clients
4file system consistency check and interactive repair
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This form of
\b fsck
\b0 preens a standard set of filesystems or the specified file systems. It is normally used in the script /etc/rc during automatic reboot. In this case fsck reads the table /etc/fstab to determine which file systems to check. It uses the information there to inspect groups of disks in parallel taking maximum advantage of i/o overlap to check the file systems as quickly as possible. Normally, the root file system will be checked on pass 1, other ``root'' (``a'' partition) file systems on pass 2, other small file systems on separate passes (e.g. the ``d'' file systems on pass 3 and the ``e'' file systems on pass 4), and finally the large user file systems on the last pass, e.g. pass 5. Only partitions in fstab that are mounted ``rw'' or ``rq'' and that have non-zero pass number are checked.\
The system takes care that only a restricted class of innocuous inconsistencies can happen unless hardware or software failures intervene. \
These are limited to the following:\
Unreferenced inodes\
Link counts in inodes too large\
Missing blocks in the free list\
Blocks in the free list also in files\
Counts in the super-block wrong\
These are the only inconsistencies that fsck with the -p option will correct; if it encounters other inconsistencies, it exits with an abnormal return status and an automatic reboot will then fail. For each corrected inconsistency one or more lines will be printed identifying the file system on which the correction will take place, and the nature of the correction. After successfully correcting a file system, fsck will print the number of files on that file system, the number of used and free blocks, and the percentage of fragmentation.\
If sent a QUIT signal, fsck will finish the file system checks, then exit with an abnormal return status that causes the automatic reboot to fail. This is useful when you wish to finish the file system checks, but do not want the machine to come up multiuser.\
Fsck has more consistency checks than its predecessors check, dcheck, fcheck, and icheck combined.\
If no filesystems are given to fsck then a default list of file systems is read from the file /etc/fstab.\
Inconsistencies checked are as follows:\
1. Blocks claimed by more than one inode or the free list.\
2. Blocks claimed by an inode or the free list outside the range of the file system.\
3. Incorrect link counts.\
4. Size checks: Directory size not of proper format.\
5. Bad inode format.\
6. Blocks not accounted for anywhere.\
7. Directory checks: File pointing to unallocated inode. Inode number out of range.\
8. Super Block checks:\
More blocks for inodes than there are in the file system.\
9. Bad free block list format.\
10. Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect.\
Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are, with the operator's concurrence, reconnected by placing them in the lost+found directory. The name assigned is the inode number. If the lost+found directory does not exist, it is created. If there is insufficient space its size is increased.\
Checking the raw device is almost always faster.
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Preen a standard set of filesystems or the specified file systems
filesystem
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The filesystem to check
\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This form of
\b fsck
\b0 audits and interactively repairs inconsistent conditions for file systems. If the file system is inconsistent the operator is prompted for concurrence before each correction is attempted. It should be noted that some of the corrective actions which are not correctable under the -p option will result in some loss of data. The amount and severity of data lost may be determined from the diagnostic output. The default action for each consistency correction is to wait for the operator to respond yes or no. If the operator does not have write permission on the file system fsck will default to a -n action.\
Fsck has more consistency checks than its predecessors check, dcheck, fcheck, and icheck combined.\
If no filesystems are given to fsck then a default list of file systems is read from the file /etc/fstab.\
Inconsistencies checked are as follows:\
1. Blocks claimed by more than one inode or the free list.\
2. Blocks claimed by an inode or the free list outside the range of the file system.\
3. Incorrect link counts.\
4. Size checks: Directory size not of proper format.\
5. Bad inode format.\
6. Blocks not accounted for anywhere.\
7. Directory checks: File pointing to unallocated inode. Inode number out of range.\
8. Super Block checks:\
More blocks for inodes than there are in the file system.\
9. Bad free block list format.\
10. Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect.\
Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are, with the operator's concurrence, reconnected by placing them in the lost+found directory. The name assigned is the inode number. If the lost+found directory does not exist, it is created. If there is insufficient space its size is increased.\
Checking the raw device is almost always faster.
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This flag forces fsck to check the disk even if the clean flag is set on the disk's superblock
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Use the block specified immediately after the flag as the super block for the file system. Block 16 is always an alternate super block
block#
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The block number to be used as the disk's superblock
b{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Assume a yes response to all questions asked by fsck; this should be used with great caution as this is a free license to continue after essentially unlimited trouble has been encountered
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Assume a no response to all questions asked by fsck; do not open the file system for writing
\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 A link is a directory entry referring to a file; the same file (together with its size, all its protection information, etc.) may have several links to it. There are two kinds of links: hard links and symbolic links. By default
\b ln
\b0 makes hard links. A hard link to a file is indistinguishable from the original directory entry; any changes to a file are effective independent of the name used to reference the file. Hard links may not span file systems and may not refer to directories.\
In this form of the command,
\b ln
\b0 creates a link to an existing
file sourcename. If targetname is given, the link has that
name; targetname may also be a directory in which to place
the link; otherwise it is placed in the current directory.
If only the directory is specified, the link will be made to
\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 A link is a directory entry referring to a file; the same file (together with its size, all its protection information, etc.) may have several links to it. There are two kinds of links: hard links and symbolic links. By default
\b ln
\b0 makes hard links. A hard link to a file is indistinguishable from the original directory entry; any changes to a file are effective independent of the name used to reference the file. Hard links may not span file systems and may not refer to directories.\
In this form of the command,
\b ln
\b0 makes links in targetdirectory to all the named source files.
The links made
will have the same name as the files being linked to.
sourcename1
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The first source directory to make a link from
sourcename2
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The second source directory to make a link from
sourcename3
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Any successive source directory(s) to make a link from
\b0 constructs a file system by writing on the special file
\i special
\i0 unless the -N flag has been specified. The numeric size specifies the number of sectors in the file system. Mkfs builds a file system with a root directory and a lost+found directory. (see fsck(8))\
The number of i-nodes is calculated as a function of the file system size. No boot program is initialized by mkfs (see newfs(8).) The optional arguments allow fine tune control over the parameters of the file system.
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Constructs a file system by writing on the special file unless this flag has been specified
special
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The special file the filesystem is to be constructed on
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Specifies the number of sectors in the file system
nsect
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of sectors per track on the disk
ntrack
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of tracks per cylinder on the disk
blksize
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The primary block size for files on the file system. It must be a power of two, currently selected from 4096 or 8192
fragsize
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Fragsize gives the fragment size for files on the file system. The fragsize represents the smallest amount of disk space that will be allocated to a file. It must be a power of two currently selected from the range 512 to 8192.
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of disk cylinders per cylinder group. This number must be in the range 1 to 32
minfree
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The minimum percentage of free disk space allowed. Once the file system capacity reaches this threshold, only the super-user is allowed to allocate disk blocks. The default value is 10%
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 If a disk does not revolve at 60 revolutions per second, this specifies the number of revolutions per second
i{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 If a file system will have more or less than the average number of files this parameter (number of bytes per inode) can be specified to increase or decrease the number of inodes that are created
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Space or time optimization preference can be specified with opt values of ``s'' for space or ``t'' for time
\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 N.B.: For most normal file system maintenance, the function of ncheck is subsumed by fsck(8).\
\b ncheck
\b0 with no options generates a pathname vs. i-number list of all files on every specified filesystem. Names of directory files are followed by `/.'.
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Reduces the report to only those files whose i-numbers follow
numbers
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The i-numbers to report on
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Allows printing of the names `.' and `..', which are ordinarily suppressed
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Reduces the report to special files and files with set-user-ID mode
filesystems
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The filesystems to check
\b0 is a ``friendly'' front-end to the mkfs(8) program. Newfs will look up the type of disk a file system is being created on by using the information contained in the disk label of the character-device. If the disk-type argument is specified the information in the disk description file /etc/disktab is used. This disk information is used to calculate the appropriate parameters to use in calling mkfs, then build the file system by forking mkfs and, if the file system is a root partition, install the necessary bootstrap programs in the initial 8 sectors of the device. The -n option prevents the bootstrap programs from being installed. The -N option causes the file system parameters to be printed out without actually creating the file system.
[13@]
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\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Prevents the bootstrap programs from being installed
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\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Causes the file system parameters to be printed out without actually creating the file system
\b0 will print out its actions, including the parameters passed to mkfs
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\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The size of the file system in sectors
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\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The block size of the file system in bytes
block-size
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The block size in bytes
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\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The fragment size of the file system in bytes
frag-size
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\margl40
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The fragment size in bytes
\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of tracks per cylinder
tracks/cylinder
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of tracks per cylinder
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
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\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of cylinders per cylinder group in a file system. The default value used is 16
cylinders/group
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of cylinders per group
\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The percentage of space reserved from normal users; the minimum free space threshhold. The default value used is 10%
space
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\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The percentage of space reserved
\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The file system can either be instructed to try to minimize the time spent allocating blocks, or to try to minimize the space fragmentation on the disk. If the value of minfree (see above) is less than 10%, the default is to optimize for space; if the value of minfree greater than or equal to 10%, the default is to optimize for time
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Time is optimized
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The optimization preference (either 'space' or 'time')
\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The speed of the disk in revolutions per minute (normally 3600)
revolutions/minute
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of revolutions per minute
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The size of a sector in bytes
sector-size
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\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The sector size in bytes
\pard\tx1152\tx2304\tx3456\tx4608\tx5760\tx6912\tx8064\tx9216\tx10368\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This specifies the density of inodes in the file system. The default is to create an inode for each 2048 bytes of data space. If fewer inodes are desired, a larger number should be used; to create more inodes a smaller number should be given
number
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\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of bytes per inode
character-device
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The device the filesystem is to be created on
disk-type
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The disk type. When specified, the information in the disk description file /etc/disktab is used
\b0 executes the sync system primitive. Sync can be called to insure that all disk writes have been completed before the processor is halted in a way not suitably done by reboot(8) or halt(8). Generally, it is preferable to use reboot or halt to shut down the system, as they may perform additional actions such as resynchronizing the hardware clock and flushing internal caches before performing a final sync.
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This specifies the maximum number of contiguous blocks that will be laid out before forcing a rotational delay (see -d below). The default value is one, since most device drivers require an interrupt per disk transfer. Device drivers that can chain several buffers together in a single transfer should set this to the maximum chain length
maxcontig
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\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\ql\fs24\fi0\li0\gray0\fc0\cf0\up0\dn0 The maximum number of contiguous blocks
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This specifies the expected time (in milliseconds) to service a transfer completion interrupt and initiate a new transfer on the same disk. It is used to decide how much rotational spacing to place between successive blocks in a file
rotdelay
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The rotational delay in milliseconds
n{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This indicates the maximum number of blocks any single file can allocate out of a cylinder group before it is forced to begin allocating blocks from another cylinder group. Typically this value is set to about one quarter of the total blocks in a cylinder group. The intent is to prevent any single file from using up all the blocks in a single cylinder group, thus degrading access times for all files subsequently allocated in that cylinder group. The effect of this limit is to cause big files to do long seeks more frequently than if they were allowed to allocate all the blocks in a cylinder group before seeking elsewhere. For file systems with exclusively large files, this parameter should be set higher
maxbpg
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Maximum number of blocks
k{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This value specifies the percentage of space held back from normal users; the minimum free space threshold. The default value used is 10%. This value can be set to zero, however up to a factor of three in throughput will be lost over the performance obtained at a 10% threshold. Note that if the value is raised above the current usage level, users will be unable to allocate files until enough files have been deleted to get under the higher threshold
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The percentage of disk space held back from normal users
T{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The file system can either try to minimize the time spent allocating blocks, or it can attempt minimize the space fragmentation on the disk. If the value of minfree (see above) is less than 10%, then the file system should optimize for space to avoid running out of full sized blocks. For values of minfree greater than or equal to 10%, fragmentation is unlikely to be problematical, and the file system can be optimized for time
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Space is optimized
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Time is optimized
special|filesys
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\ql\fs24\fi0\li0\gray0\fc0\cf0\up0\dn0 The filesystem to tune up
\b0 is a program that executes the sync(2) primitive every 30 seconds. This insures that the file system is fairly up to date in case of a crash. This command should not be executed directly, but should be executed out of the initialization shell command file.
(.txt)