Nebula 1 (1993)/nebula.bin/Documents/FAQ/NeXT/FAQ.languages

Text File | 1993-01-27 | 7.6 KB | 296 lines

NeXT-FAQ.languages:  Questions about programming languages on the NeXT


*** Subject: L1. What Fortran compilers are available for the NeXT?

There is a fortran to c translator called f2c available
via anonymous ftp from purdue in
/pub/next/2.0-release/binaries specifically for the
next.

Absoft FORTRAN 77PObject Oriented FORTRAN compiler;
fully compatible w/ NeXT's Interface Builder toolkit,
allows programmers to add a  graphical i/f to any FORTRAN
program. FxP a screen oriented source level debugger
designed by and for FORTRAN programmers. IMSL FORTRAN
Libraries

    313-853-0050

Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG) FORTRAN 90 for
NeXTPModern Fortram ully compliant with ISO/IEC
1539:1991 and ANSI X3.198-1991 standards.

    [phone]

OASYS OASYS Native Compilers, OASYS Optimizing 680x0
Cross Compliers, OASYS Optimizing 88000 Cross
Compilers (C, C++, Fortran, Pascal available for
each)PHighly optimized Fortran, Pascal.,  C and C++
compilers and cross compilers.

    617-862-2002.

Diab Data

    [phone]


*** Subject: L2. What Lisps are there for the NeXT?

Scheme is available from altdorf.ai.mit.edu.  A quick
tutorial on how to install it on the NeXTs is in the works.
Schematik is a NeXT front end app available on the archive
servers.

There is also a commercial Scheme implementation that
supposedly conforms to an IEEE Scheme standard.

    Cadence Research Systems
    812-333-9269

Xlisp is available from bikini.cis.ufl.edu.  Changes
To make it work on the NeXT:

    in unixstuf.c:
        #define BSD
    in function init_tty:
        declare extern char xltoplevel()
    in function read_keybd:
        change     char buf[1]   to   char buf[100]
        change     sizeof(buf)   to   sizeof(char)

AKCL is available from sonata.cc.purdue.edu.

Scheme->C Compiler is available from
sonata.cc.purdue.edu and gatekeeper.dec.com.

ACL (allegro common lisp) used to be bundled with 1.0,
now it is available directly from:

    Franz Inc.
    1995 University Avenue
    Berkeley, CA 94704
    Voice: [phone],
    FAX: [phone]
    email [e-mail].


*** Subject: L3. What Pascal compilers are available for the NeXT?

uvapc/NeXT is an ISO standard Pascal compiler developed
by the University of Virginia's Academic Computing
Center and the Department of Computer Science.
uvapc/NeXT passes the ISO standard Pascal validation
suite.  The compiler is written in C and has been ported to
several other Unix platforms.  uvapc/NeXT can generate
the necessary information so that the GNU source-level
symbolic debugger, gdb, can be used (see Caveats below).
It also supports obtaining gprof type profiles.

Contact is:

    Mr. Jack Davidson
    University of Virginia
    Department of Computer Science, Thornton Hall
    Charlottesville CA 22903
    [phone]
    [phone] FAX
    [e-mail]


p2c, David Gillespie's Pascal to C translator, can be
obtained from csvax.cs.caltech.edu in
pub/p2c-1.20.tar.Z.

It translates many dialects of Pascal including Turbo,
VAX, Sun/Berkeley.

But there is a very serious problem in that %g and %lg are
used to read reals in the translated code, and these
formats are not supported by NeXT in scanf.

Gillespie maintains that this is a bug in NeXT's
compiler.  A fix is to make the following change in
funcs.c:

[Old code]

    case TK_REAL:
    if (var->val.type == tp_longreal)
        ex = makeexpr_string("%lg");
    else
        ex = makeexpr_string("%g");
    break;

[New code]

    case TK_REAL:
    if (var->val.type == tp_longreal)
        ex = makeexpr_string("%lf");
    else
        ex = makeexpr_string("%f");
     break;

Here is a very disturbing example.  %lg gives garbage, and
%lf even gives garbage when it follows %lg:

    ariel% more test.c
    main()
    {
    double x, y, z;
    scanf("%lf%lg%lf%*[^\n]", &x, &y, &z);
    getchar();
    printf("% .5E  % .5E  % .5E\n", x, y, z);
    }

    ariel% cc test.c
    ariel% a.out
    3.14 3.14 3.14
    3.14000E+00   6.36599E-314   1.40000E-01
    ariel%

[this seems to be a good task for a compiler wizard to look
at... -pasc]


*** Subject: L4. What should I know about c++ shipped with the NeXT?

cc++ shipped with the NeXT 2.0 is actually: NeXT Release
2.0 (v31.1) -- GNU version 1.36.4 (based on GCC 1.36)
libg++ is not provided, you need to compile it (GNU
software is available from prep.ai.mit.edu).

Two things to note about the cc++ on NeXT.

Any C include files have to be specified as below:

    extern "C"
    {
    #include <libc.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <math.h>
    }

This tells that the code is C, so you won't have problems
with the standard libraries thinking your program is
Objective C.

Also the /usr/include/stdio.h in line 75 has a variable
"new" that conflicts with a g++ keyword. You can redefine
it using

    #define new __new__
    #include "stdio.h"
    #undef new

After the above two fixes, g++ programs that do not  use the
g++ class library (and therefore do not need  libg++ to be
available) work.


*** Subject: L5. What Ada compilers are available for the NeXT?

Meridian Software offers a NeXT Ada compiler.

    Meridian Software
    Voice: [phone]
    FAX: [phone]


*** Subject: L6. Is Perl available for the NeXT?

Take most of the features of C, csh, awk, and add a
sprinking from sed, and you get Perl.

Practical Extraction & Reporting Language.  Perl is very
much of a kitchen sink language, in that it has almost all
the features of everything.  This results in it being easy
to write programs in perl (because all your favorite
constructs are there) but difficult to read perl.
(Because other people have used their favorite
constructs, not yours)

Perl's strength is in scripting.  Anything that would
take more than 20 lines in a csh script is a candidate.
Anything that isn't a straight pass through, chew on each
line, program for awk is a candidate.

Current version: 4.035

Perl is available from:

    jpl-devvax.jpl.nasa.gov        128.148.1.143
    tut.cis.ohio-state.edu        128.146.8.60
    uunet.uu.net                192.48.96.2

While Perl does come with a 70 page man-book, an easier way
to learn the language is from "Programming Perl" Larry
Wall & Randal Schwartz.

    O'Reilly & Associates
    632 Petaluma Ave
    Sebastopol CA 95472
    Voice: 800-338-6887
    Voice: [phone]
    uunet!ora!nuts.


*** Subject: L7.  Where can I get gawk?

Gawk, as with all FSF GNU software is available in source
form from prep.ai.mit.edu

Gawk is the Gnu version of Awk.  Like most of the other GNU
programs Gawk has more features than does awk.  Further
unlike the wretched man page for awk that comes with the
Next, Gawk comes with a 140 page manual/tutorial.

Gawk is a text processing language.  In this respect it is
similar to sed.  However Gawk adds to sed conditional
execution (if) subroutines, and the ability to execute a
block of instructions before and after the file itself is
processed.

gawk is not the only public-code awk.  Mawk version 1.1,
published through comp.sources.reviewed in February,
1992, by Mike Brennan <[e-mail]>, should be
mentioned as an alternative.

References for Gawk/awk:

    Sed & Awk, Dale Dougherty,
    O'Reilly & Associates

    The Awk Programming Language
    Alfred V. Aho, Brian W. Kernighan, &
    Peter J. Weinberger
    Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
    ISBN 0-201-07981-X


*** Subject: L8.  Where can I get Eiffel?

A port of the Eiffel language and development
environment is available  for the NeXT. The company is:

    Interactive Software Engineering, Inc.
    Voice: [phone]
    FAX: [phone]
    [e-mail]

The port is for Eiffel version 2.3 and includes their
standard class libraries as well as some additional
NeXT-specific classes and facilities for integration
with the Interface Builder.

A free eiffel-like language called Sather is available
via ftp from icsi-ftp.berkeley.edu



--
Editor:
Nathan Janette [e-mail]