home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- NeXT-FAQ.disks: Questions about disk drives
-
-
- *** Subject: D1. What disk drives will work with the NeXT?
-
- First get a copy of NextAnswers and review hardware.586
-
- Most scsi disk drives will work with 2.0 without
- modifying disktab. You should read the Network and
- Systems Administrator manual provided with all new
- systems and available on-line on 2.0 extended. There
- have been problems with the installation of boot blocks
- and badly formed fstab generated by BuildDisk. A disk
- connected to the NeXT will need to have a NeXT specific
- label written to it before it can be properly recognized
- by the system. If you get an error message "Invalid
- Label..." this indicates that the drive was
- successfully seen by the NeXT machine but it does not have
- the proper label, to install a label use the
- /usr/etc/disk program on the raw disk device that the
- system assigned to the device and use the label command to
- write the label onto the disk. [how the NeXT assigns disk
- devices is explained in the N&SA manual]
-
- NeXT provides a low level disk formatter with 2.0, most
- drives are already formatted at the factory. The sdform
- program does not offer much flexibility.
-
- [If someone is keeping a list of drives that work with the
- NeXT we would like to know about it (send mail to
- next-faq@media.mit.edu). This type of list would be
- useful to keep on sonata.cc.purdue.edu in the
- pub/next/FAQ directory. Also there was talk about Mac
- drives *not* working on the NeXT due to their
- implementation of the SCSI standard.]
-
-
- *** Subject: D2. How do I customize BuildDisk to create a bootable disk of my own configuration?
-
- The BuildDisk application is extremely limited in terms
- of the types of disks configuration it knows how to build.
- Essentially it "knows" about swapdisks, optical disks,
- 330 and 660 MB SCSI disks. If you wish to do custom
- configurations you should look at existing BLD script
- files in /etc/BLD.* There is a script which you can use to
- specify which BLD script you are using, which disktab
- entry, and other useful parameters in
- /usr/etc/builddisk
-
- Some things to note: - the fstab installed on the target
- disk is specified in the newclient command in the BLD
- script. standard fstabs are extracted from
- /usr/template/client/fstab.* - the BLD scripts do not
- put down a new boot block on the scsi disk, you may want to
- install one by hand using the /usr/etc/disk program. -
- some disks boot fine but NeXTstep comes up with a blank
- window and no login window. This is due sometimes to
- forgetting to install an accessible
- /NextLibrary/{Fonts,Sounds} In general you need quite
- a lot of things to make a bootable disk.
-
- Mike Carlton adds - you can build a minimally usable
- bootable floppy (for crash recovery purposes). There is
- a modified version of builddisk (to make it support
- building floppies, a minimal change) and a BLD script to
- build the boot floppy available at cs.orst.edu in
- next/sources/Bootfloppy.tar.Z. (I put this together
- in response to several requests.) A newer version of
- Bootfloppy for 2.1 is on the archives as
- next/sources/util/Bootfloppy2.1.tar.Z
-
-
- *** Subject: D3. How much disk space is lost due to formatting and file system overhead?
-
- Rex Pruess (rpruess@umaxc.weeg.uiowa.edu) offers the
- following explanation: Let's assume you bought a disk
- drive advertised with 400 MB unformatted capacity.
- Vendors are not consistent with the MB definition. You
- may have much less space less than you think you have.
- Which of the following did you buy?
-
- 400 * 1000 * 1000 = 400,000,000 bytes
- 400 * 1024 * 1000 = 409,600,000 bytes
- 400 * 1024 * 1024 = 419,430,400 bytes
-
- The disk must be formatted. This is often done by the
- vendor, but occasionally by the user. Formatting maps
- the disk into sectors. Space is reserved for the disk
- geometry and bad sectors. Formatting can take 10-20% of
- the capacity depending on the sector size. Common sector
- sizes are 512 and 1024. Generally, bigger sectors mean
- less waste.
-
- Once formatted, the UNIX file system must be created. On
- the NeXT, this is one of the steps performed by the
- BuildDisk application. It invokes the mkfs command to
- make a file system. This reserves space for the UNIX file
- system (e.g., superblocks, inode tables). This
- overhead can take another 2-3% of the available disk
- space.
-
- If you issue the df command, you may be surprised to see
- another 10% the available disk space has disappeared.
- The df command shows the total, used, and available disk
- space. The df units are in kbytes (1024 bytes). The sum of
- the used and available numbers will generally be about
- 10% less than the total kbytes. This space is reserved to
- allow the UNIX file system to be efficient in its storage
- allocation. If your disk fills up, only the superuser can
- store files in the remaining 10%.
-
- To complete the picture, here's a snapshot of what may occur:
-
- Capacity Lost/Used/Reserved Reason
- (in bytes) (in bytes)
- 419,430,000 19,430,000 Marketing hype (~5%)
- 400,000,000 60,000,000 Formatting (~15%)
- 340,000,000 6,800,000 UNIX file system (~2%)
- 333,200,000 33,320,000 Efficiency & superuser (~10%)
- 299,880,000 - -
-
- For more information, refer to the df and mkfs man pages.
-
-
- *** Subject: D4. Can I run my SCSI-2 disks in synchronous mode?
-
- Quick answer is: No! Reason is that the NeXT does not
- support synchronous transfers from the SCSI bus. It does
- support SCSI-2 disks running in asynchronous mode,
- which all SCSI-2 disks must do.
-
-
- *** Subject: D5. How do I configure my HP 660 to boot properly?
-
- It has been reported that HP drives fail to autoboot on
- power on or while other devices are on the scsi bus. The
- problem seems to be with drives configured to spin-up
- automatically on power on do not get recognized at boot
- time. To remedy this problem reliably with HP 660Mb
- (HP97548) and 1Gbyte (HP 97549) drives remove the auto
- spinup jumper on the back of the drive. Looking at the disk
- from the back with the power connector on the lower left,
- it is the sixth jumper.
-
-
- *** Subject: D6. What is the procedure for installing a Fujitsu M2263SA/SB SCSI Disk as the NeXT Boot Disk?
-
- See Izumi Ohzawa's note in
- /pub/next/docs/fujitsu.recipe available via
- anonymous ftp from sonata.cc.purdue.edu.
-
-
-
- --
- Editor:
- Nathan Janette nathan@laplace.csb.yale.edu
-