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1992-03-27
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1 DVIPS
The dvips program converts a TEX dvi file into a PostScript file for
printing or distribution. Seldom has such a seemingly easy programming
task required so much effort. The dvips program has a number of features
that set it apart from other PostScript drivers for TEX. The dvips
driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that can be included in
other documents as figures or printed through a variety of spoolers. The
generated PostScript requires very little printer memory, so very complex
documents with a lot of fonts can easily be printed even on PostScript
printers without much memory, such as the original Apple LaserWriter. The
PostScript output is also compact, requiring less disk space to store and
making it feasible as a transfer format. Missing fonts can be automatically
generated if METAFONT exists on the system, or fonts can be converted from
gf to pk format on demand. If a font cannot be generated, a scaled
version of the same font at a different size can be used instead, although
dvips will complain loudly about the poor aesthetics of the resulting
output.
usage:
DVIPS filename[.dvi]
2 /COPIES
/COPIES=num
Generate num copies of every page. Default is 1.
(For collated copies, see the /COLLATE option.)
2 /DEBUG
/DEBUG=num
Set the debug flags. This is intended only for
emergencies or for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it
will work only if dvips has been compiled with the
DEBUG option. Use
num=1 for special
num=2 for paths
num=4 for fonts
num=8 for pages
num=16 for headers
num=32 for font compression
num=64 for files
num=128 for memory allocation
Use a value of -1 for maximum output.
2 /MAXDRIFT
/MAXDRIFT=num
Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels
from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The
default value of this parameter is resolution dependent (it is the
number of entries in the list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800,
1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800, 3200, : : :] that are less
than or equal to the resolution in dots per inch). Allowing
individual characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded
positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true position at
the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of letters in
words.
2 /FILTER
Run as a filter. Read the dvi file from standard input
and write the PostScript to standard output. The standard
input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If you must use a
pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a
temporary file and then points dvips at this file. i-h name:
Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the
name is simply `- ', suppress all header files from the output.)
This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.
2 /LAST
/LAST=num
The last page printed will be the first one numbered num. Default
is the last page in the document.
2 /MANUAL
Specify manual feed for printer.
2 /NUMBER
/NUMBER=num
At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
2 /OUTPUT
/OUTPUT=filename.ext
The output will be sent to file name. If no file name is given,
the default name is file.ps where the dvi file was called
file.dvi .
2 /START
/START=num
The first page printed will be the first one numbered
num. Default is the first page in the document.
2 /QUIET
Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted,
etc.; report nothing but errors to standard error.
2 /REVERSE
Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be printed
first.
2 /SAV_RES
Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore
pair. This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is
thus not recommended, but is useful if you are driving the printer
directly and don't care too much about the portability of the
output.
2 /MODE
/MODE=modename
This sets the paper mode to modename. Currently, the only modes
allowable are
"letter", which selects an 8.5 by 11 inch page,
"a3", which selects an a3 sized page,
"a4" , which selects an a4 sized page,
"legal", which selects an 8.5 by 14 inch page,
"ledger", which selects an 11 by 17 inch page, and
"landscape", which rotates a letter size document by 90 degrees.
WARNING: always include paper format between quotation marks!
The default mode is "letter". The upper left corner of each page in
the dvi file is placed one inch from the left and one inch from the top.
If you want to specify a paper format (e.g. a4) AND landscape
mode, you must use something like
/MODE=("landscape","a4")
putting "landscape" as the first value.
2 /MAGNIFICATION
/MAGNIFICATION=num
Set the magnification ratio to num/1000. Overrides the
magnification specified in the dvi file. Must be between 10 and
100000.
2 /COLLATE
/COLLATE=num
Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
PostScript file). Slower than the /COPIES option, but easier on
the hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file
multiple times.
2 /DPI
/DPI=num
Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num. This
affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the
positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be
between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal and
vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than
400 dpi, say) is selected, the /COMPRESS flag should probably also
be used.
2 /CTRL_D
Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the
very last character of the PostScript file. This is useful
when dvips is driving the printer directly instead of working
through a spooler, as is common on extremely small systems.
Otherwise, it is not recommended.
2 /INC_COM
/INC_COM (default)
/NOINC_COM
/NOINC_COM option causes comments in included PostScript graphics,
font files, and headers to be removed. This is sometimes
necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript
post-processing programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments,
when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can
cause some included graphics to fail, since the PostScript header
macros from some software packages read portions of the
input stream line by line, searching for a particular comment.
2 /COMMENT
/COMMENT (default)
/NOCOMMENT
/NOCOMMENT turns off structured comments; this might be necessary
on some systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird
ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of Transcript
in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
2 /PRINTER
/PRINTER=printername
Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This is
implemented by reading in config.printername , which can set
various parameters such as the font paths and any other defaults
for that printer only. It is recommended that all standard
defaults go in the one master config.ps file and only things that
vary printer to printer go in the config.printername files. Note
that config.ps is read before config.printername. In
addition, another file called "/.dvipsrc is searched for
immediately after config.ps; this file is intended for user
defaults. If no /PRINTER command is given, the environment
variable PRINTER is checked. If that variable exists, and a
corresponding configuration file exists, that configuration file
is read in.
2 /VM_SAVE
/VM_SAVE (default)
/NOVM_SAVE
/NOVM_SAVE disables a PostScript virtual memory saving
optimization that stores the character metric information in the
same string that is used to store the bitmap information. This
is only necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript
interpreter, and it is caused by a bug in that interpreter that
results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character. Not
recommended unless you must drive this printer.
2 /H_DPI
/H_DPI=num
Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.
2 /V_DPI
/V_DPI=num
Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.
2 /COMPRESS
Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are
downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the PostScript
font-downloading information. Especially useful at high
resolutions or when very large fonts are used. Will slow down
printing somewhat, especially on early 68000-based PostScript
printers.
2 Specials
For a description of the special features of dvips see the dvips
manual a LaTeX version of which may be copied using the command
copy tex$postscript:dvips.tex dvips.tex