Monster Media 1993 #2

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SHAREWARE ç WHIST, A WEATHER HISTOGRAPH FACILITY é NOT FOR SALE version 3.0 * GETTING STARTED * Section Figure ì CONTENTS ò Page A ä 1 Ç THE MAIN MENU É >< C ë GETTING STARTED USING THE SAMPLE DATABASE é >< C1 ê Annual histograph ì >< C2 ê Quarterly histographs - GENERAL å >< C3 ê Quarterly histographs - DEGREE DAYS ä >< C4 ê Other considerations ï >< D ë MENU ITEMS - except colors ë >< E ä 3 Ç COLORS MENU - graphic î >< F ä 4 Ç PALETTE ü graphic color control à >< G ë MONOCHROME - graphic î >< H ë LEAP YEAR DAY É >< J ë WHAT'S NEXT à PLANER 3-D HISTOGRAPHS- >< K ë AUTHOR ô >< ═══ means PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION. A) THE MAIN MENU ─⌐ Figure 1 ┐ │ ~ë ä ┌─ò ┐ ê ~ä │ │ Æ │ Current locality: MNOQ │ æ │ │ Æ └─ò ┘ æ │ │ ì ╔═¥ ╗ Ä │ │ ì ╫ Record daily temperatures. ü ╫ Ä │ │ ì ║ Graph a built-up database. ü ║ Ä │ │ ì ║ Build a database. è ║ Ä │ │ ì ║ Locality. Æ ║ Ä │ │ ì ║ Database in ASCII (as text). ║ Ä │ │ à ╔═â ╣ Compare monthly temperatures. ║ Ä │ │ à ║ â ║ Delete a file. ì ║ Ä │ │ à ║ â ║ Options. ô ║ Ä │ │ à ║ â ║ Documentation. ì ║ Ä │ │ à ║ â ║ Access DOS. É ║ Ä │ │ à ║ â ║ Quit. û ║ Ä │ │ à ║ â ╚═¥ ╝ Ä │ │ à ║ ë SELECT ü ═╝ ACCEPT Æ │ │ à ║ ê or press a highlighted letter Å │ │┌─ä ╨─╖ ┐│ ││ Record, revise, print and file temperature data for the.Ç ä ││ │└─└ ┘│ └─┬ ┘ The phrase "Current locality: MNOQ" above the main menu indicates that WHIST has found at least one MNOQ_Ç .WHS file on the data drive. It is a member of the sample database that is distributed with this program. One letter in each menu item is highlighted. Item "Record daily temper- atures" lies on a menu bar. It is the currently selected item. The bar can be moved by using the cursor (arrow) keys. A brief description of the currently selected item appears in a box below the menu. There is a unique description keyed to each menu item. ü ┌─┬ ┐ │ SOME TERMS:- ┤ │ │ ü Current year â Whichever year's data is being compared │ │ ÿ against historical data. Ä │ │ ┬ │ │ ü Built-up database Ç A single file that contains the averages │ │ ÿ of several years' temperatures. ç │ └─┬ ┘ ü B) THE OPTIONS MENU ¿ Figure 2 ~î ¿ ~ä Selecting "Options" from the MAIN MENU calls out this menu: ┌─┬ ┐ │ ô WEATHER HISTOGRAPH FACILITY É │ │ û SELECT PROGRAM OPTIONS Æ │ │ æ ╔═Ö ╗ Ä │ │ æ ╫ Graphic parameters. ä ╫ Ä │ │ æ ║ Compose a caption. à ║ Ä │ │ æ ║ Compose a credits line. Ç ║ Ä │ │ æ ║ Printer parameters. ä ║ Ä │ │ ä ┌─ê ╢ Default temperature units. ║ Ä │ │ ä │ ê ║ Range-alert setting. â ║ Ä │ │ ä │ ê ║ Toggle opening logo. â ║ Ä │ │ ä │ ê ║ Toggle closing 3-D demo. ║ Ä │ │ ä │ ê ║ Main menu. ì ║ Ä │ │ ä │ ê ╚═Ö ╝ Ä │ │┌─â ┴─╕ ┐│ ││ Using a sample graph, select colors and other options for.Ç é ││ │└─└ ┘│ └ <Esc>:Withdraw ─▓ ┘ The contents of both menus is detailed in Section D, below. C) GETTING STARTED USING THE SAMPLE DATABASE ~Ñ Sample files MNOQBASE.WHS and MNOQ1992.WHS comprise a built-up database and a "current year" with which you can experiment. MNOQ should be the current locality as indicated in Figure 1, above. IF IT IS NOT, proceed as follows:- ~ê a) Select "Locality" from the main menu. b) Select "Pick an existing locality" from its sub-menu. c) Select MNOQ from the list of localities. d) Select "Main Menu" from the sub-menu. C1) ANNUAL HISTOGRAPH - with MNOQ as the current locality =ì ~¥ a) Select "Graph a built-up database" from the main menu. b) Select "Employ a built-up database" from its sub-menu. c) Choose file MNOQ1992 (your only choice). d) See an annual histograph entitled LAKELAND AREA WEATHER. A credits line should read "SOURCE: Lakeland Times of Minocqua, Wisconsin." By default, the display shows 1992 high and low temperatures superimposed upon historical data. The historical data was derived from years 1983 through 1991 as listed under the heading BASIS. Also by default, the historical data is smoothed through the use of 3-day moving averages. Key <3>, which selects 3-day averaging, is highlighted in the menu. The following keys control various aspects of the annual histograph: -┐ <Ent> The Enter key removes/superimposes the current year upon the historical data. <1> Selects and toggles unsmoothed HiLo/median historical data. <3> Selects and toggles HiLo/median 3-day moving averages. <5> Selects and toggles HiLo/median 5-day moving averages. <7> Selects and toggles HiLo/median 7-day moving averages. <Q> Quarterly histographs. See Section C2, below. Hides/displays the BASIS table. <T> Hides/displays the Title (the caption). <F> Hides/displays the Footnote (the credits line). <L> Hides/displays the °days Line and Y-axis notation at 65°F. <D> Hides/displays a summation of current Degree-days. <H> Hides/displays a summation of Historical degree-days. <M> Hides the menu (pressing any unassigned key recalls it). <C> Colors and monchrome selections. See Section E, below. Cycles through Y-axis Units in °C, °F and both at once. <E> Editor for the caption and footnote. <S> Save is disabled. See VARIATIONS, immediately below. <Esc> will return you to the main menu, but you may withdraw. There are a lot of meaningful combinations. Try them out. ~~~ VARIATIONS: -å <Q> summons quarterly histographs. <Tab> does the same. So does right-arrow key. See Section C2, below. '<S> Ç SAVE' appears after some display parameter been has changed. It lets you re-build the database in order to incorporate any changed parameters. Keys <F1>, <F3>, <F5> and <F7> have the same effect as keys <1>, <3>, <5> and <7> in this particular application. <T> will not appear on the menu if the Title is blank (you cannot remove a title that isn't there). <F> will not appear on the menu if the Footnote is blank. Keys <L>, <D> and <H> will not appear on the menu when the left-hand scale is calibrated in degrees Celsius because degree-days are associated with Fahrenheit values only. C2) QUARTERLY HISTOGRAPHS - GENERAL =¢ Going on to quarterly histographs, key <Q> has more work to do. -╗ <Q> cycles the display through the four quarters of the "current year". The vertical lines dividing quarters are placed accurately in relation to the quantity of days in each quarter, leap years included. <Tab> performs the same function as key <Q>. Better yet, the left- and right-arrow keys facilitate walking back and forth through the four quarters of the year. <T>, <F>, <C>, , <E> and <S> are absent from quarterly graphs. Their functions are confined to the annual graph. You have many more combinations to try. Most are quite useful. ~Ç C3) QUARTERLY HISTOGRAPHS - DEGREE DAYS =ƒ The magic number is sixty-five degrees Fahrenheit. (I do not know the magic number, if any, for Celsius so keys <L>, <D> and <H> go dead when graphing in Celsius-only. I suspect that the magic number would differ in different countries.) If the median temperature for any one day falls below 65°F, the amount by which it lies below 65° is that many heating degree-days. ~à For example, if the median temperature for some day is 45°F, then twenty heating degree-days are added to the total for the year: 65 - 45 = 20 heating degree-days. ~â In a like manner, cooling degree-days are determined by the amount that the median temperature for a particular day exceeds 65°F. For example, if the median temperature for some day is 80F°, then fifteen cooling degree-days are added to the total for the year: 80 - 65 = 15 cooling degree-days. ~â If the median temperature for some particular day is 65°F exactly, then no heating or cooling degree-days are added to the totals for the year. Degree-days are important to anyone who provides energy, uses energy or grows crops. That is, everyone. For example, public utilities use degree-day predictions to determine their fuel and water requirements. Likewise, the Department of Transportation can decide how much salt they need to kill the last tree, dissolve the last bridge and corrode traffic to a dead stop. Whenever you superimpose the current year (1992 in this case) upon MEDIAN historical data, a °days line is drawn on the graph at 65°F. The total heating and cooling degree-days for the quarter appear below the graph. Key <D> toggles degree-days off/on the display. Notice the tic-mark across the center (median) of each day's temperature range. The distance between that tic-mark and the degree-days line indicates the quantity of degree-days added for that day. C4) OTHER CONSIDERATIONS =É <Esc> recalls the annual histograph. So does the center key key on the numeric key pad; the <5> key, that is. ~ï <Esc>, again, returns you to the main menu. ═══ If you make MNOQ the default locality, you can try out everything that this program can do. If you change a MNOQ file it will be forever changed. I will not elaborate. A special file, USERPREF.WHS, contains a number of options that become the default parameters for new built-up databases. ═══ Select "Graphic parameters" from the options menu to control the default parameters that used when creating a built-up database. File USER1992.WHS is associated with USERPREF.WHS. Sample files MNOQ1983.WHS through MNOQ1992.WHS are identical in content to the files from which USERPREF.WHS and USER1992.WHS were created. D) MENU ITEMS - described out of order. ~å D1) Documentation. =ë Selecting this item opens a sub-menu from which you can select: D1a) Getting started. -ï This document. D1b) Purpose/features/limits. -ô ═══ å If you haven't read that document, please do so. ~ê D2) Locality. =ä Selecting this item opens another menu. That menu lets you select from a list of existing localities OR create a new one: D2a) Pick an existing locality. -ò If there is more than one locality in the data base, you can select the one that you want to work with. Locality MNOQ is a sample that accompaies this program. Disk space permitting, you can add up to 219 more. D2b) Originate a locality. -É ═══ å Start here when you want to create an new database. ^« Upon selecting this item, you are asked to enter a unique locality name. Instructions are on the screen. Invent a four-letter code name for the geographic area of interest and enter it. Next, enter some year for which you have actual temperature data. æ ~¥ ~Ç You are asked whether or not you are satisfied with your entries. If so, press <Y> to create the first data file for the new locality. Now you will see a data-entry screen for January of the appropriate year. It is divided into weeks with the days named and numbered. And it is shot full of question marks. A question mark is used to represent a non-temperature because numeric zero (0) is a valid temperature. ═══ å WHEN ENTERING DATA, YOU CAN ENTER A QUESTION MARK (?) OR -99 TO REPRESENT AN UNKNOWN TEMPERATURE (this program understands -99 to be a question mark). A TEMPERATURE VALUE IS NOT ACCEPTED UNTIL YOU PRESS THE <Enter> KEY. The cursor control keys are active. Additional instruct- ions can be found on the screen. Four values are calculated and displayed as you enter daily tempreatures. They are the average low, average high, heating degree-days and cooling degree-days for the current month. The statement "<F10> Print/file ASCII." can be found in the data-entry grid. Pressing <F10> opens a menu that facilitates sending the entire year's data to a printer or to a special text file. The file's extension will be .WHF for Fahrenheit or .WHC for Celsius. Otherwise the filename will be the same as that of its source file. Output to a printer or a text file includes the monthly averages and degree-day values described above. D3) Record daily temperatures. =ò Select this item to add or edit daily temperatures for the current locality. You may have to change localities or create a new one before selecting this menu item. You are presented with a list of existing files for the current locality. You may select one of them or you may press <Esc> and then enter the year to be added or revised. If you enter a year for which there is no file, another menu lets you withdraw, try again or create the file. If you elect to create the file, it will be created without further to-do. Whether you select an existing file or create a new one, you will see a data-entry screen for some month within the appro- priate year. It will be January if you are creating a new file. Otherwise, it will be the month beyond which no temper- atures have been entered. Read Section D2b, 'Originate a locality', for more about the data-entry screen. D4) Build a database. =î ═══ Select this item to display a histograph based upon two or more years' of temperature data. You can create a built-up database unique to the current locality from an annual histograph display. To create a built-up database, with an annual histograph on the screen, press <S> for SAVE. You MAY change your mind. If you persist, a built-up database will be created using values that came from the files listed under BASIS on the display. The "current year", that is, the year being compared against the average of all of the others, is NOT included in the built-up database. Repeat; the current year is not included. ~ê A built-up database has the advantages of loading quickly and carrying with it its unique title, credit line, colors and some other options. All of the computations have been made; you will not have to wait for them in the future. ═══ The disadvantage of a built-up database is that it must be re-built if you change any of the data from which it was built. In other words, YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER TO RE-BUILD IT. SO, KEEP THE FILES FROM WHICH THE DATABASE WAS BUILT unless you just love performing data entry (720 values per non-leaping year). ═══ To experiment, use the sample MNOQ files to assemble and save built-up databases. Ç ~ì ═══ You can build up to 100 databases per locality. Numbering is automatic. For example, Minocqua databases would be named MNOQ00WH.DBS through MNOQ99WH.DBS. It is not possible to reconstruct the original data from a built-up database because gobs of intermediate values have been discarded. ü D5) Graph a built-up database. =ò Selecting this menu item opens another menu that lets you employ an existing built-up database OR create a new one. D5a) Employ a built-up database. -û Select this item to a see histographs that compares the "current year" against a built-up database for the current locality. You will have to choose from a list of databases if there is more than one built-up database for the current locality. To learn what a database contains, highlight its filename and press the <Tab> key. Having selected a built-up database, you are presented with a list of files that are not already a part of the built-up database. ä ~~~ Select one and see its histographs. You will not have to wait for lot of computation. D5b) Create a built-up database. -û If you have a record of 'normal' daily temperatures, select this procedure to create a built-up database. ═══ å YOU WILL SAVE YOURSELF A LOT OF WORK. You will enter 720 values; a high temperature and a low temperature for each day of the year. That, opposed to entering several years' worth of highs and lows in order to build a meaningful database. First, you are asked enter a four-character locality code for the new database. It can be for an existing locality or a new one. Next, you must enter the span of years that is repre- sented by the 'normal' temperatures. It is needed for the BASIS table that appears on the histograph display; it does not enter into the computations. BUT, BE CAREFUL to exclude the 'current year' from the span of years (this program refuses to compare any year against a database if that year is, itself, a part of the database). The next screen facilitates excluding from the range of years any year(s) that is not applicable to the new database. Next, you can compose a unique title and a credits line for the new database. Your response here does NOT affect the title or credits line of any other database. And, finally, a temporary database, extension .RAW, is created and then you are presented with a data-entry screen similar to the one described under 'Originate a locality', above. But the days are not named and there is no provision for leap year day. It expects you to enter 365 average lows and 365 average highs. The temporary file is discarded if you enter no values at all. Otherwise, it is renamed to reflect its assigned locality. See Section H for more about leap year day. D6) Database in ASCII (as text). =ù Built-up databases are in a format that looks like nonsense to a text editor. With this feature you can view, print or file the contents of a database as 'clear text' in either Fahrenheit or Celsius values. ═══ Because this program was written to graph temperature data, not to produce tables, the data is stored as Y-axis pixel positions. Pixels are integer values. Averages are not. ═══ That leads to inaccuracy in recovering average temperatures from a built-up database. So, some values produced for the following tables can be in error by one or two degrees F. Seldom one; very seldom two. D6a) View database in ASCII values. -Ö Displays the values contained in the database, with headings. Use this feature to discover the averages for some particular day of the year. You can scroll through the entire database. There are 1,464 rows of temperature data in the table. D6b) Print database in ASCII values. -Ü Print the values contained in the database, formatted with headers, page numbers and an explanation of leap year values. The printout will be seventeen pages long. Oh, yes, seventeen! D6c) File database in ASCII values. -Ö Create a ASCII file containing all the values in the database, with headers. The file will be named after its database, but with extension WHF or WHC instead of WHS. It can be read into almost any text editor. Extension WHF denotes Fahrenheit and WHC denotes Celsius. You can have one of each. Either will be about about 45K-bytes long. é -- more -- D7) Compare monthly temperatures. =ÿ This feature displays and prints a digest of temperatures on a month-by-month basis over a span of years. A tabular JANUARY digest is displayed after you select two or more years from a list of files for the current location. The table shows the EXTEREME HIGH, EXTREME LOW, AVERAGE HIGH, AVERAGE LOW, COOLING DEGREE-DAYS and HEATING DEGREE-DAYS for each selected year. Values are given in degrees Fahrenheit. Instructions to change months, scroll years (if applicable), change to Celsius values --and back again-- and print the table all appear on the screen Degree-days are not show or printed when working with Celsius values. ü -- more -- D8) Delete a file. =è Select this item to delete a data file that has been created by this program. From a sub-menu select: D8a) Delete a built-up database. -û If there is only one built-up database for the current locality you can delete it with a bit of effort. Just follow instructions. Otherwise, you are presented with a list of built-up databases for the current locality. To learn what a database contains, highlight its filename and press the <Tab> key. Select the database that you want to delete and follow instructions. D8b) Delete an annual weather file. -Ö You are presented with a list of annual weather files for the current locality. Select the file that you want to delete and follow instructions. D9) Options. =â Summons an OPTIONS menu (suprise!). See Figure 2, above. D9a) Graphic parameters. -Ä This option displays a special user-preferences histograph. Use it to set the default parameters for new histographs. ~~~ The following features can be hidden or made visible at the time that a new histograph is created: Key : BASIS TABLE " <T>: TITLE (THE CAPTION) " <F>: FOOTNOTE (THE SOURCE/CREDITS LINE) " <L>: 65-DEGREE LINE " <D>: DEGREE-DAYS LINE " <H>: HISTORICAL DEGREE-DAYS TEXT Key determines Y-axis UNITS: °F, °C or both at once. Key <C> opens a graphic COLORS menu. See Section E, below. The initial setting of the above features does not prevent them from being changed later on. Editing key <E> is disabled. Each new graph carries its own title and credits line whether visible, or not. That is the extent of the user preferences. D9b) Compose a caption. -ì You can incorporate a title on new weather histographs, or you can leave it off. It can be up to 45 characters long. This title is kept in initilization file WHIST2D.INI. It used only if there is no title in the special USERPREF.WHS database file. Instructions for composing/editing the title appear on the screen (a bit of overkill here -- I wrote the text editor for another program and snuck it into this one). D9c) Compose a credits line. -Æ You can incorporate a credits line as a footnote on your new weather histograms, or you can leave it off. It can be up to 57 characters long. Like the title described above, the credits line is kept in WHIST2D.INI. Same comments apply. D9d) Printer parameters. -Ä This option facilitates setting three printing parameters: D9d1) Dot-matrix printer emulation expected; IBM, Epson or Other. 'Other' means generic. The default is IBM. ~É If in doubt, select Epson. If that doesn't work, select Other. An IBM printer (IBM Proprinter, for example) understands extended ASCII characters. Epson printers do not (An Epson printer cannot print the degrees symbol because it is an extended ASCII character). This program filters extended ASCII characters when sending to an Epson or generic printer, changing them to spaces or standard printable ASCII characters. D9d2) Send output to printer port LPT1, LPT2 or PRN. The default is LPT1. In this application, PRN and LPT1 have identical meanings. D9d3) Print quality; Best or Draft. This applies to IBM and Epson printers only. This parameter is ignored when you specify a generic printer. The default is best quality. This program resets your printer before and after printing. Exception:- No attempt is made to reset a generic printer. ü D9e) Default temperature units. -ò This option facilitates setting two program parameters: D9e1) You can select the units used to input, view, print and file data to either degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius. The default is Fahrenheit. D9e2) You can select the units for scales appearing on weather histographs to degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Celsius or both at once. The scales can be changed while viewing a weather histograph. Such a change will become this program's new default parameter if file USERPREF.WHS cannot be found. D9f) Range alert setting (a data-entry trap). -Å The spread between the high and low temperatures on any given day usually falls within some expected range. The range alert warns you when you enter a pair of temper- atures that exceed its setting. The default setting is 35 degrees Fahrenheit. Limitations and additional instructions can be seen on the display. D9g) Toggle opening logo. -Å Turn the opening B-D-L logo off or on. If turned off, a copyright notice will be shown after you exit WHIST. D9h) Toggle closing 3-D demo. -ô A sample planer 3-D histograph is displayed as you exit WHIST. It heralds program WHIST3D. You can turn it off or on. There will be no such demonstration if WHIST is set up to operate on drive A only. Its file, PLANER3D.EXE, will have erased to make room for more data files. D10) DOS shell. =à Shell-out to DOS in order to invoke DOS commands or run another application. BE CERTAIN TO KEY-IN "EXIT" when you are through messing around out there in the shell! D11) Quit. =Ç Certain variables are saved to initialization file WHIST2D.INI when you quit this program. They determine printer parameters, an unlikely-input alert value, the current locality and a number of other things the next time you start this program. Also, program WHIST3D looks to WHIST2D.INI for the path to WHIST data files (See Section J for more about WHIST3D). Æ -- more -- E) COLORS MENU: ç ┌─£ ┐ Ç Figure 3 ~ç ê │ Background. É │ Ç ~ä Applicable to graphic │ Grid lines. É │ presentations only. Ç ├─£ ┤ -æ │ Menu items, basis and labels. │ │ Highlighted menu items. ä │ │ Disabled menu items. ç │ ├─£ ┤ │ Degree-days line and label. Ç │ │ Freezing line and label. â │ ├─£ ┤ │ Historical temperature plots. │ │ Current year overlay and label.│ ├─£ ┤ │ Caption (title/header). ä │ │ Footnote (source/credits line).│ ├─£ ┤ │ < > <PgDn PgUp> <Tab>, etc. │ │ <Enter> Select. î │ │ <Del> Restore default colors. │ | ô │ <Ins> Done. É │ ê | |~ô └─£ ┘~ê | │ <W>hite-on-black â lack/white-on-white â <Esc>:Withdraw │ └─┴ ┘ When the colors menu is on screen, another menu appears across the bottom of the screen. It applies to monochrome modes of display (See Section G, below). If a graph is in a monochrome mode when the colors menu is invoked, the graph changes to color so that various colors can be selected. The graph reverts to monochrome after the selections are completed. Eleven elements of a histograph can be painted any one of sixty-four colors (including black). There are four levels each of red, green and blue which, when mixed, can produce any one of the different colors: 4 x 4 x 4 = 64. One of the four levels is no color, so one of the 64 colors is black. ~ä Use the down & up arrows, <PgDn>, <PgUp>, <Tab>, <End> and <Home> keys to browse the menu. Press <Enter> to select an item. See Figure 4 - PALETTE, below. Press <Ins> to accept all changes. Or press <Del> to restore the original colors. ü F) PALETTE - graphic color control Ü Figure 4 ~â ▓ ~ä Selecting an item to be colored opens a window similar to this: ╒═─ ╕ │ Use keys <r/R>, <g/G> and <b/B> --OR-- enter a color number directly. │ ├── ┤ │ <r/R> RED : 3 (0-3) é Old GRID LINES color: 39 ü <Enter> Done. │ │ <g/G> GREEN: 2 (0-3) é New GRID LINES color: 39 ü <Del> Undo. ü │ │ <b/B> BLUE : 2 (0-3) SAMPLE ▓å Range (0-63) <Esc> Withdraw. │ └── ┘ In it you will find the name of the item, its current EGA color number, the current saturation level (0-3) of each of its three primary colors, a sample color patch and some instructions. Uppper case <R>, <G> and step the primary colors upward through their four levels of saturation. Lower case <r>, <g> and step them downward. The resultant 'New' color number is displayed and all instances of the selected item change color on-screen. Optionally, you can obtain the same result by keying in any valid color number (0 to 63) directly. The saturation level of each primary color is changed to agree with the new color number (You will find that EGA color numbers are tricky). Press <Enter> to accept changes and return to the colors menu. Or press <Esc> to discard changes and return to the colors menu. Or press <Del> to undo changes but not withdraw. ü G) MONOCHROME: ~å To satisfy certain desktop publishing and printer requirements, a histograph can be displayed in either of two monochrome modes. They are white-on-black and black-and-bright-white-on-white. A menu at the bottom of the screen facilitates the two modes (See Figure 3, above). The assignment of black, white and bright-white to various graphic elements is pre-determined. ü H) LEAP YEAR DAY ~ë Just in case you wondered about leap year, so did I. When the "current year" is a leap year, the historical data for day sixty (Feb 29th) is fudged. The "current year" is displayed accurately. The historical data for days 60 through 365 are shoved upward one day and the historical values for leap year day is forced to fall midway between the values for days 59 and 61. No curve-matching formula is applied. Mid-way should be close enough. Values representing leap year day are saved as day 366 in a built-up database. A note to that effect is included with the database when it is presented in text format. à -- more -- I) CONVERTING TEMPERATURES - A BETTER WAY TO DO IT: =ô Here is a procedure that eliminates the business of having to add OR subtract 32 when converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit. In the following procedure, you ALWAYS ADD 40, convert and then ALWAYS SUBTRACT 40. ë ~ë ~â ~Ä To convert, you either multiply or divide by 1.8. You will recognize 1.8 as being equivalent to the 9/5ths ratio that is specified in similar discussions. So, by the numbers:- FAHRENHEIT to CELSIUS é CELSIUS to FAHRENHEIT -æ é -æ 1) Ç add à 40 ê add ç 40 2) Ç divide by Ç 1.8 å multiply by Ç 1.8 3) Ç subtract Ç 40 ê subtract é 40 Now, isn't that slick? This procedure effectively re-aligns the scales (-40 Fahrenheit equals -40 Celsius), makes the conversion and then slides the scales back to where they belong. There are 180 F degrees and 100 C degrees from freezing to boiling, thus the ratio of 1.8 to 1. ü (Thank you, Kenneth L. Brooks. csg) ü J) WHAT'S NEXT - PLANER 3-D HISTOGHAPHS ~á Another program, WHIST3D, augments this program. It uses data that was generated by this program to display planer 3-D histographs. A planer 3-D histograph depicts high and low temperature variations over a period of years. A sample 3-D histograph may display itself when you exit this program. For more, see "Toggle closing 3-D demo." in Section D, above. é K) AUTHOR!, AUTHOR! ~î Charles S. Gaylord ô WHIST is Copyright(C) 1990-1993 8661 Bakely Circle ô Charles S. Gaylord - All rights Minocqua, WI 54548 U.S.A î reserved. =₧ END =á source MM2DTUT.BAS 2SO046668Ç 6ä 01013Æ 03330333033003ä 001583Ä 9014440488:Ç 048:Ç ==08Ç 08880778>8ì 08D888>07>>08=08>080888048Ç >>>08>>08808904880888088]888P880888P88808é 08Ç 0808Ç 0488>I8018808801808880144880:??0:?1b48Ç :?ü 0:?1?ü 0?é 0???0??01??0??0??0?Ç 0?é 0??048Ç 0888088808ü 088048180880880880888_8Ç 018Ç 018018808880048880:?Ç 0?Ç 0???0??0:???01?Ç 0???0?Ç 0?Ç 0???0???0?é 0???0?048ü 0188018880:?é 0:?ü 0:?ü 0???000Q0488808808880888088000Q048880:?Ç 0?Ç 0??0:?Ç 04880:???h??BCü 0??0??0??0?0:?é 0???0:?é 0:??BHH0HH0Hü 0HÇ 0BHH0BHHH0BBB00:??BHH0BHü 0:???0?Ç 0:???0:?Ç 0???038Ç 038ü 0880Å Q025Ç Lï 4Ç 0555055505505505O55050505002552â 55505Ç 05Ç 0505050025â 0014303303Ç 03330é Q0146606â @@===06ü 0014ü 04400014Ç 02j}üéÇüï éÇéÇüÆ éÇüüéÇüüéÇüπÇÇ{üé âÇÇüæ âÇüüüéÇüé éÇüâ πÇ{üüéÇüüéÇüæ ÇüéüüüéÇüüéÇüéÇüéÇéÇüüπÇ{üé éÇüüéÇüéÇüéÇüüéÇüüéÇüä éÇüé éÇüü πÇ{üüéÇéÇüüüéÇüü éÇüüéÇüéÇüéÇüüπÇ{üüüéÇüüéÇüè éÇüâ éÇüü éÇüüéÇüéÇüüéÇüπÇ{éÇüüüéÇüü éÇüéÇüÇ éÇüüéÇüüéÇüÇ éÇüéÇüüüéÇüéÇüéÇüπÇ{üé éÇüÇ éÇüéÇüüéÇüüéÇÇüüüéÇüÇ éÇüüüéÇüüéÇüπÇ{üüéÇüÇ éÇüüéÇüüüéÇüüüéÇüüéÇüüéÇüü éÇüüéÇéÇüü πÇ{üéÇüüüéÇüé éÇüü éÇüü éÇüüéÇü üüüéÇüéÇüüéÇüüéÇüπÇü {üüéÇüÇ éÇüüüéÇüéÇüÇ éÇüüéÇüê éÇüéÇüéÇüéÇπÇ{üü éÇüüéÇüé éÇüü éÇüéÇüÇ éÇüüüéÇüüéÇüüüéÇüüπÇÇ{üÇ éÇüü éÇüüüéÇüüüéÇüüüéÇüÇ éÇüüéÇüÇ éÇüü éÇüπÇæ {üÆ éÇüüéÇüüéÇüéÇüéÇüüüéÇéÇéÇπÇÇ{üç éÇüüüéÇüüüéÇéÇéÇâÇÇüâ πÇÇ{üéÇüéÇüüüéÇüüâÇä üüüéÇüü éüü éÇüÇ πÇÇ{üÇ éÇüâÇÇÇüÇ éÇπÇ245589;<PRSTUVVå 12224456>??@@AAå Ai