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- Fibre reactive dyes have been around for a long time. They revolutionised the batik
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- and tie-dye industries and are sometimes called "Batik Dyes" or "Cold Water Dyes".
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- This is because they can be used without boiling or steaming, although the term
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- 'cold' is misleading, as they still require heat to react with the fibre. This feature has
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- made them the most popular dyes amongst home dyers and those with small
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- commercial ventures alike.
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- These dyes are specific to cellulose-based fibres that are cotton, rayon, hemp, wood,
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- tencel etc. You will have good success with pure fibres but can dye 20%
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- polyester/80% cotton mixes as well. 50% blends will give a pastel result. Don't
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- overlook threads and laces in your dyeing adventures as these can give great results
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- also.
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- These dyes are not poisonous as such, but should be treated with the utmost
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- respect. They can cause sensitisation within the body and this is irreversible.
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- Sometimes this can affect the body's immune system. Changes to the immune
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- system may mean that the next time a person is exposed to the same reactive dye,
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- their body reacts very dramatically, even if the amount of dye involved is very small.
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- If this happens, the person is said to have become sensitised to that dye. You can
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- take precautions so that this doesn't happen to you by simply wearing gloves and a
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- mask and protective clothing. Working in a well-ventilated area and cleaning up any
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- dye dust in your workspace will also help. When working with the dyes, spread a wet
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- piece of fabric under your work area to catch the dye powder that escapes, and wipe
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- up any spills, as these will release dye powder once they have dried. This is also the
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- reason why you only ever use your dye utensils for dyeing and not for food
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- preparation. The hazard to health from reactive dyes is only a concern before their
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- application to the yarn or fabric. There is no known risk to anyone handling or
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- wearing the dyed materials.
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- Symptoms of sensitisation include itching of the eyes, watering or swelling of the
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- eyelids. Sneezing, itching or runny nose or blocking of the airways. Asthma
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- symptoms and breathlessness could also indicate sensitisation. If you think you have
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- been sensitised to the reactive dyes, stop dyeing and buy your fabrics from someone
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- else.
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- Dyes come in a limited number of colours. Often the dye houses will mix their own
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- formulations to give a larger variety of colours and also give them their own names.
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- These tend to be confusing so, if you can, stick with the MX codes to make it easier
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- to buy the same dye and to repeat your own colours.