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1993-12-03
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G8BPQ IP Router.
*** Changes have been made to the way subnet masks are specified, and ***
*** to the format of the 'RIP' updates. Please read sections on ROUTE ***
*** and RIP commands before upgrading from Version 1.x to 2.x ***
The IP router runs with BPQCODE versions 4.06c and above. It is
normally run in a Desqview window (currently needs about 64k).
Once loaded it looks rather like PAC4, and can display traffic passing
through. The system is initially configured by commands in a file
IPGATE.CFG. See below for format. The system will learn the IP addresses
of stations which attempt to use the router, and will pass both
preconfigured and learned addresses to neighbouring BPQ routers at regular
intervals. The Protocol used is derived from RIP, but is not compatible
with other RIP implementations. The program updates IPGATE.CFG as it
learns new routes, or deletes old ones, so that the current state can
be restored when it is reloaded.
There is a very primitive SYSOP interface with the following commands:
A Display ARP Table
D Diagnositic dump
N Display RIP Destinations (Neighbours)
R Display Route Table
S Display Stats
T Force a RIP Transmission
PING aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd Send an ICMP Echo packet to specified address
(This must be specified as a 'dotteded decimal'
address, not a host name)
ROUTE ..... ; Equivalent to the commands in IPGATE.CFG to add
ARP ..... ; Route ARP or RIP table entries. See below for
RIP .... ; details. Note that these commands must be entered
; in UPPER CASE
CTRL/Y shuts down IPGATE
The Stats display is pretty obvious. The ROUTES display is as follows:
Target/Subnet Router Port Type Metric Flags Time Count
44.131.4.30/32 44.131.4.18 1 V 2 02 00 0
The first field is the target address, followed by the number of bits
to be used in comparing addresses. The number is 32 for a route to a
specific station, but may be less to allow groups of stations to be reached
via one entry, a technique often known as 'Subnet Routing'. For example,
an entry of 44.131.20.0/24 would route traffic for any station on Zone 20.
The next is the router to use, or 0.0.0.0 for a direct path. Port is the
Radio port to use, and Type the session type (V=Virtual Circuit,N=NETROM,
D=Datagram). Metric is the number of hops to the station. Flags indicates
whether the route is learned (1),or entered by SYSOP (2). Time is the number
of hours left before a learned route is deleted, and Count is the number of
frames sent over this route.
The ARP display is as follows:
Callsign IP Address Timeout Port Type
G8BPQ-5 44.131.4.18 65535 00 N
The timeout is in seconds, and 65535 indicates a locked entry.
Please note that although the router supports both Virtual Circuit and
Datagram mode, I strongly recommend that you only use Virtual Circuit
mode on radio links.
The following is a commented extract from my IPROUTE.CFG
#
# Any lines starting with a # are ignored.
#
# You must tell the system its IP Address. Note that if you are
# running a NOS (or similar) system as well, it must have a
# different address
#
IPADDRESS=44.131.4.20
#
# You can disable the route learning mechanism by replacing the
# following line with LEARN N
#
LEARN Y
#
# You can put in ROUTE commands to tell the system where to send
# frames for each station. You specify the IP address, the next
# Router in the path (if you cant reach the station directly), the
# Radio Port to use (as defined in BPQCFG), and the frame type.
#
# ROUTE 44.131.4.18 * 1 V
#
# This means station 44.131.4.18 can be reached on port 1, using
# Virtual Circuit mode.
#
# ROUTE 44.141.5.1 44.131.27.1 0 N
#
# This means station 44.131.5.1 is reachable via router 44.131.27.1,
# which is via a NETROM link. Port is 0, as the NETROM system will
# choose the best port.
#
# It is possible to specify the number of bits of the address to be
# compared when selecting a route. This is done by adding a /nn after
# the address, where nn is the number of bits to check. For example,
# the following will route all traffic for zone 18 via 44.131.18.24
#
# ROUTE 44.131.18.0/24 44.131.18.24 0 N
#
# You can define a 'Default Route' - somewhere for the Router to
# send frames if it doesnt know where the station is.
#
ROUTE DEFAULT * 1 V # Try port 1 for all unknown dests
#
ROUTE 44.131.4.15 * 1 V # Directly reachable stations. You
ROUTE 44.131.4.32 * 1 V # may wish to define all your local
ROUTE 44.131.4.33 * 1 V # users.
ROUTE 44.131.4.18 * 2 V # My WNOS system on a 'LOOPBACK' port
ROUTE 44.131.4.23 * 0 N # G0INA ROUTER. Must be defined, as
# system can't learn the address of
# NETROM stations.
#
ROUTE 44.131.4.92 44.131.4.57 1 V # g1xow - need this one, as he is not
# running a version which uses RIP
#
ROUTE 44.131.18.0 44.131.18.24 0 N # G4MCF and zone 18 - running NOS, so
# cant be learned
#
#
# The system will discover the callsign to be used to talk to
# directly reachable stations using the ARP protocol. However it
# cant discover the callsign to be used for NETROM links, so you
# must include ARP entries for all your NETROM neighbours. You can
# put in ARP commands for other stations, but that shouldn't be
# necessary.
#
ARP 44.131.4.23 G0INA-1 0 N
ARP 44.131.18.24 G4MCF-5 0 N
#
# The Router will exchange routing information with other Routers,
# if they are defined using a RIP command. Note that the RIP table
# defines both the stations to which you will send RIP messages,
# and the stations from which you will ACCEPT RIP messages.
# This helps to prevent non-reciprocal routes being created.
#
RIP 44.131.4.23 # G0INA
#
# Version 2.0 and above of IPGATE use a different format of Routing
# information update messages. No action is needed if all stations
# in an area are using the same version, but if a station running
# the new version is sending routing info to an older one, a /O
# should be added to the RIP statement, so that the update messages
# will be sent in the correct format:
#
RIP 44.131.4.91/O # G4IRX has not yet updated to V2
# Note that G4MCF is running NOS, not my Router, so I cant send
# him RIP info.
From version 2.1 onwards, it is possible to add 3 extra fields to the
ROUTE command. These are Obsolescence count, Metric (hops to destination),
and entry type (1 Learned, 2 = Locked by SYSOP). These fields are primarily
to allow the router to recover its current state after a reload, but you
can add them if required.
The foreground version of BPQCODE (SWITCH.EXE) now includes IPGATE
functionality. Key F10 to toggle between the IPGATE and terminal screens.
John Wiseman G8BPQ
3/12/93