Every country has telecommunication laws that prohibit the connection of
unapproved telecommunication devices, including modems to the phone line.
Approval by a country's telecommunications regulatory agency may entail
hardware/firmware modifications to the modem in order to comply with
telecommunication laws. This could include modifications for radio-frequency
interference, pulse dial make/break ratios, redial capabilities, etc.
The words "approved for use in country XYZ" mean that the modem *ITSELF* has
been modified to comply with the telecommunication laws of that country.
This means that an American FCC approved modem imported to Germany would not
be a legal telecommunications device in Germany. The actual modem was
FCC approved to work in the USA, but not BZT approved to work in Germany.
No one can prevent the above scenario from occurring in any country.
Possession of an unapproved device is usually not illegal. Attachment of the
device, however, usually is illegal. It may result in confiscation of the
device and/or financial penalties. [Non-approved ZyXELs have apparently been
confiscated before in Germany. You are now cognicent of the albeit slim risks.
Don't say that you were not warned.]
[Rob MacKinnon (robmack@bsc.no) adds that is is illegal to import unapproved telecommunications devices into Norway. Apparently the customs authorities
will send the unapproved device back to the originator if it is found in
the mail. If you happen to own an unapproved device, the state acting on
behalf of Norske Telecom has the right to enter your house and confiscate
the device because it is illegal to own one in Norway, not just use one.]
[Tor Rune Skoglund (torrunes@idt.unit.no) adds:
It is in fact illegal to IMPORT, SELL and USE non-certified modems here
[in Norway]. Usually, the customs just skim through the invoice to see if there
any word thats looks like "modem", and then they will refuse to deliver it.]
Aside from the possible legal problems due to using an unapproved device, there
are also some practical problems. Each ZyXEL modem operating its approved
country has certain hardware modifications. These allow the modem to function
better in the telecommunications environment for which it was approved. For
example: German ZyXELs have a filter that eliminates the German cost-counting
impulses. Polish ZyXELs have a reduced ring detector sensitivity that
prevents voltage spikes from accidentally activating the modem.
Thus a ZyXEL modem operating in the country (for which it was approved) will
work better than than an unapproved/uncertified ZyXEL modem. (Of course,
your milage may vary.)
Below is a list of countries in which ZyXEL modems have been approved for use.
This list is *NOT* complete, nor exhaustive. If your country is not listed in
this section, your modem may be approved for use in your country. This list is
by no means definitive.
Australia, AUSTEL approved
Canada, Department of Communications (DOC) approved
Model Name Certificate No. Certification No. Load No.
U-1496 9165 1817 4783 AB 11
U-1496E 9166 1817 4783 AB 11
U-1496B 9167 1817 4783 AB 11
U-1496R 9168 1817 4783 AB 11
Germany, (BZT)
Eelco H. Essenberg (essenber@dutiws.twi.tudelft.nl) writes:
I just read the september issue of the German computer magazine c't.
It appears ZyXEL has obtained BZT certification for a model called
"U-1496EG Plus". This basically is the E+ with a metal housing.
Pulses for pulse-dialing are no longer generated by a relays, but
electronically. A filter eliminates the german cost-counting impulses.
Automated redialing has been changed (suppressed) according to german
telecom rules.
[Minimum time between 1st and 2nd try: 5secs;
" " " 2nd " 3rd try: 60secs;
No more than 12 tries to the same number if no answering tone is
received;
After 12 failed tries, a minimum waiting time of 1 hour before attempting
the same number.]
Sufficient changes have been made so that this beast will only accept ROM
updates specially designed for it: no chance of reversing the redial disability
this way :-(. Also, the second RJ11 jack, the one in which you connect your
phone, has been removed. Worst: while the normal E+ costs around DM900, this
thing is expected to cost close to DM1400.
In Germany one can buy the 1496EG+, the telecom-certified version of the 1496E+
which has some diffences to the original 1496E:
*The case is metallic
*There is a mechanism implemented which delays and stops redialing after
several unsuccessful dials.
*ROM-Updates are allowed, but only with certified releases.
*Impulse-dialing is _much_ more silent
*It's much more expensive (around 1350.- DM)
Japan, Japan Approvals institute for Telecommunications Equipment (JATE)
Japanese PTT approval is now underway.
New Zealand,
U-1496S, PTC 211/92/035
Alan Brown (dogbowl@dogbox.acme.gen.nz) adds:
In New Zealand, a "Telepermit" is issued to the *importer*. If another importer
decides to start carrying an item, even if it's factory modified for NZ, it must
be resubmitted by the new importer.
On the flipside, "Telepermits" are cheap - NZ$2000 (~US$1050) and include all
