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Monster Media 1994 #1
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FREQ_QA
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LIN_NET1.ZIP
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00000199.TXT
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1994-03-16
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■+└&ëG&ëë╛n Ä┌9&9ptHÄ▄9&9vt=╕PPÄ▐9& 6û& 6öÜ`┘â─╕æ%PÄ▐9& 6û& 6öÜZ┘â─ÜT┘δ╕╡%PÜ|α â─╗TÄ:ë₧■îå■&╟╕╨PÜ╒ â─ëF∞ëVε╕pPÜ╒ â─ëF≡ëV≥+└ëF÷ëF⌠èå{ ■å{ <vΘvâ~uZ 6`# 6^#╕└%P ╢~ VÜααâ─╕P ╢~ VÜ"αâ─P ╢~ VÜJ] p.super.org
[192.31.192.1] Of course, if you are setting up an Ethernet card,
then you will want to read the NET-2 HOWTO so that you can actually
do something with it. ftp.super.org is the home of most alpha drivers
that are not presently in the kernel. And last but not least, the
contributions from the individuals and companies listed above are
greatly appreciated as well. Oh yeah, if you fancy yourself as
a bit of a hacker, you can always scrounge some additional info
from the driver source files as well. There is usually a paragraph
in there describing any important points.
0.04 New versions of this document
New versions of this document can be retrieved via anonymous
FTP from sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/* and various
Linux ftp mirror sites. It will also be posted to the newsgroup
comp.os.linux.announce at a regular interval. Updates will be made
as new information / drivers becomes available. If this copy
that you are reading is more than 2 months old, it is either out of
date, or it means that I have been lazy and haven't updated it.
0.05 Feedback
Any corrections can be sent to one of us (gpg109@rsphysse.anu.edu.au
or becker@super.org) We will *attempt* to keep this up to date as
more drivers become available, and as the networking code matures.
1 What card should I buy for Linux?
For impatient users that just want a quick, cheap answer the
summary is: get 16 bit thinnet 8013 cards. For more detail as
to the who what where and why, read on.
1.01 Eight bit vs 16 bit
Unless you are a light user, or are confined to using the smaller
ISA slot, the use of the 8 bit cards like the wd8003 and the 3c503
is really not worth the cost savings. Get the 8013 or the 3c503/16
instead.
1.02 Low price Ethernet cards
I keep track of the current low-price vendors, just because it's
asked so often. Call AT-LAN-TEC at 301-948-7070. Ask for their
technical support person, "Vincent Bono". As with all purchases,
you should indicate you ardy is responsible
for what happens to your hardware but yourself. If your ethercard
or any other hardware goes up in smoke (...nearly impossible!)
we take no responsibility. ie. THE AUTHORS ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE
FOR ANY DAMAGES INCURRED DUE TO ACTIONS TAKEN BASED ON THE
INFORMATION INCLUDED IN THIS DOCUMENT.
This document is Copyright (c) 1994 by Donald Becker and
Paul Gortmaker. Permission is granted to make and distribute
verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice
and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions
of this document under the conditions for verbatim copying,
provided that this copyright notice is included exactly as in
the original, and that the entire resulting derived work is
distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical
to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations
of this document into another language, under the above
conditions for modified versions.
0.02 Questions already?
If you have questions about your ethernet card, please READ this
document first. You may also want to join the NET channel of the
Linux-activists mailing list by sending mail to
linux-activists-request@niksula.hut.fi
with the line
X-Mn-Admin: join NET
at the top of the message body (not the subject). If you want to
learn how to use the mailing channels, then send an empty message
to the above address, and you will get an instruction manual sent
back to you in a few hours. However, it is worth noting that the NET
channel is primarily used for discussion of the networking code, and
you may not see much discussion about a particular driver.
Furthermore keep in mind that the NET channel is for development
discussions only. General questions on how to configure your system
should be directed to comp.os.linux.help unless you are actively
involved in the development of part of the networking for Linux.
We ask that you *please* respect this general guideline for content.
You can safely bet that neither of the authors will respond to
any plea for help that *should* be posted to c.o.l.help, but is
inappropriately placed elsewhere.
0.03 Related Documentation
Much of this info came from saved postings from the comp.os.linux
groups, which shows that it is a valuable resource of information.
Other useful information came from a bunch of small files by Donald
himself. Some of these are found at /pub/linux/info on ft't know all all of the 3c501 bugs,
and I know this driver only handles a few that I've
been able to figure out. It has taken a long
intense effort just to get the driver working this
well.
That said, you will find it included in "config.in"
No special mods are needed to use it with pl15
or greater kernels. Jumper your card to 0x280.
AutoIRQ works, DMA isn't used, the autoprobe only
looks at 0x280, the debug level is set with the third
boot-time argument. You'll probably want to change
the default EL_DEBUG to '2'.
Once again, THE USE OF A 3c501 IS STRONGLY DISCOURAGED
and it is NOT SUPPORTED BY LINUX.
3c505
An Intel-based ethercard with no driver available
at present. (Not a very common card.)
3c507
This card uses one of the Intel chips, and the
development of the driver is closely related to
the development of the Intel Ether Express driver.
The driver has been included in the standard
release of pl15. You will have to un-comment
the 3c507 line in "config.in" -- in case you
didn't figure it out already, it is commented
out because it is still being tested.
Technical information is available in section 5.06,
and if you have experience in writing drivers, see
section 5.07 as well.
2.02 Western Digital / SMC
The ethernet part of Western Digital has been bought by SMC. The
SMC Elite and SMC Elite Plus are the same as late-model WD8003
and WD8013 cards. Note that the SMC Elite Ultra is *not* the
same as the plain SMC Elite / WD8013 card. (see below)
Supported:
WD8003, WD8013, SMC Elite, SMC Elite Plus
A shared memory design by Western Digital. The
8 bit 8003 is slightly less expensive, but only
worth the savings for light use. Over the
years the design has added more registers and an
EEPROM. Clones usually go by the '8013' name, and
usually use a non-EEPROM (jumpered) design. This part
of WD has been sold to SMC, so you'll usually see
something like SMC/WD8013 or SMC Elite Plus (WD8013).
The shared memory makes the cards 10-20% faster,
especially with larger packets. More importantly
(to me at least) it avoids a few bugs in the
programmed-I/O mode of the 8390, allows safe
multi-threaded access to the packet buffer, and
doesn't have a programmed-I/O data register that
hangs your machine during warm-boot probes.
SMC Elite 16 ULTRA
This ethercard is based on a new chip from SMC, with
a few new features. While it has a mode that is
similar to the older SMC ethercards, it's not
compatible with the old WD80*3 drivers. However, in
this mode it shares most of its code with the other
8390 drivers, while operating somewhat faster than a
WD8013 clone.
Some of the device probe checks in pl14 were too
too strict, causing some cards to not be detected
every time. This was fixed for pl14a, and hence is
fine for pl15. Since part of the Ultra "looks" like
an 8013, the Ultra probe is supposed to find an
Ultra before the wd8013 probe has a chance to
mistakenly identify it.
Std. as of pl14, and made possible by documentation
and ethercard loan from kamstra@ccmail.west.smc.com,
Duke Kamstra. If you plan on using an Ultra with Linux
send him a note of thanks to let him know that there
are Linux users out there!
I'm considering writing a separate driver for the
Ultra's "Altego" mode which allows chaining transmits
at the cost of inefficient use of receive buffers,
but that will probably not happen right away.
Performance re-writes of working drivers are low
priority unless there is some particular incentive
or need.
2.03 NExxxx
The prefix "NE" came from Novell Ethernet. Novell followed the
cheapest NatSemi databook design and sold the manufacturing rights
(spun off?) Eagle, just to get reasonably-priced ethercards into
the market.
Supported:
NE1000, NE2000
The now-generic name for a bare-bones design around
the NatSemi 8390. They use programmed I/O rather than
shared memory, leading to easier installation but
slightly lower performance and a few problems. Again,
the savings of using an 8 bit NE1000 over the NE2000
are only warranted if you expect light use. Some
recently introduced NE2000 clones use the National
Semiconductor "AT/LANTic" 83905 chip, which offers
a shared memory mode similar to the 8013 and EEPROM
or software configuration. Some problems can arise
with poor clones. See the question and answer section
later in this document, and the section on clones.
I have written a NE2000 diagnostic program, but it
is still presently in alpha test. (ne2k)
NE1500, NE2100
The AT1500 driver, recently added to the list of
supported cards, also supports the NE1500, NE2100 and
clones. The driver shipped with pl12 kernel doesn't
detect non-AT1500 cards with autoprobe, but will work
fine if you specify the base address explicitly and
jumper for DMA channel 5. Read the Allied Telesis
section for more information on LANCE based cards.
2.04 Hewlett Packard
The 272** cards use programmed I/O, similar to the NE*000 boards,
but the data transfer port can be "turned off" when you aren't
accessing it, avoiding problems with autoprobing drivers.
Thanks to Glenn Talbott for cleaning up the confusion in this
section regarding the version numbers of the HP hardware, and
adding lots of new info.
Supported:
27245A
8 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT, not recommended for all the
8 bit reasons. It was re-designed a couple years
ago to be highly integrated which caused some
changes in initialization timing which only
affected testing programs, not LAN drivers. (The
new card is not 'ready' as soon after switching
into and out of loopback mode.)
27247B, 27252A
The 47B is a 16 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT w/AUI, and
the 52A is a 16 Bit 8390 based ThinLAN w/AUI.
These cards are high performers (3c509 speed) without
the interrupt latency problems (32K onboard RAM for TX
or RX packet buffering). They both offer LAN
connector autosense, data I/O in I/O space (simpler) or
memory mapped (faster), and soft configuration. 27247B
was rated Best for ISA Servers by PC Mag this year.
27247A
This is the older model that existed before the "B".
Two versions 27247-60001 or 27247-60002 have part
numbers marked on the card. Functionally the same to
the LAN driver, except bits in ROM to identify
boards differ. -60002 has a jumper to allow
operation in non-standard ISA busses (chipsets
that expect IOCHRDY early.)
HP J2405A
These are lower priced, and slightly faster than the
27247B/27252A, but are missing some features, such
as AUI, ThinLAN connectivity, and boot PROM socket.
This is a fairly generic LANCE design, but a minor
design decision makes it incompatible with a generic
"NE2100" driver. Special support for it (including
reading the DMA channel from the board) is in pl14
and up, thanks to information provided by HP's Glenn
Talbott, gt@hprnd.rose.hp.com. Note that the pre pl14
driver should not be used with this card.
More information on LANCE based cards can be found in
section 5.08.
2.05 D-Link
Supported:
DE-600
Laptop users and other folk who might want a quick
way to put their computer onto the ethernet may want
to use this. The driver was included with the default
kernel source tree as of pl12 and possibly earlier.
Bjorn Ekwall <bj0rn@blox.se> wrote the original.
Expect about 80kb/s transfer speed from this via the
parallel port. You should read the README.DLINK
file in the kernel source tree. The latest release
of this driver is v0.32, and it is included in the
standard kernel of pl15
DE-650
Some people have been using this PCMCIA card for
some time now with their notebooks. Note however,
that using a PCMCIA card with Linux is not trivial.
See the section on networking with a notebook for
more information on PCMCIA cards. This driver is
*not* part of the standard kernel.
DE-100, DE-200, DE-220-T
The manual says that it is 100% compatible with the
NE2000. This is not true. You should call them and
tell them you are using their card with Linux, and they
should correct their documentation. Some pre-0.99pl12
driver versions may have trouble recognizing the DE2**
series as 16 bit cards, and these cards are the most
widely reported as having the spurious transfer address
mismatch errors. Note that there are cards from
Digital (DEC) that are also named DE100 and DE200,
but the similarity stops there.
Unsupported:
DE-620
Same as the DE-600, only with two output formats.
(BNC and RJ-45, I would assume... ????)
Bjorn writes: "I have still no information on the
DE-620 that I can include in this release. (Maybe
someone well connected to D-Link sees this,
hint, hint, hint...)
2.06 Cabletron
Yes, another one of these companies that won't release its
programming information. They waited for months before actually
confirming that all their information was proprietary, deliberately
wasting my time. Avoid their cards like the plague if you can.
Also note that some people have phoned Cabletron, and have been
told things like "a dbecker@super.org is working on a driver
for linux" -- making it sound like I work for them. This is
NOT the case. Anyway, if I were working for them, or even if
I had signed a ND agreement, I wouldn't be able to tell
everyone what a sleazy design the E2100 is. (See below.)
If you feel like asking them why they don't want to release their
info so that people can use their cards, write to support@ctron.com
Tell them that you are using Linux, and are disappointed that they
don't support open systems. (See section 9.01)
Supported: (...well, not *really* supported)
E10**, E10**-x, E20**, E20**-x
These are NEx000 almost-clones that are reported to
work with the standard NEx000 drivers, thanks to a
ctron-specific check during the probe. If there are
any problems, they are unlikely to be fixed, as the
programming information is unavailable.
E21**
Again, there is not much one can do when the
programming information is proprietary.
The E2100 is a poor design. Whenever it maps its
shared memory in during a packet transfer, it
maps it into the *whole 128K region*! That means you
*can't* safely use another interrupt-driven shared
memory device in that region, including another E2100.
It will work _most_ of the time, but every once in
a while it will bite you. (Yes, this problem can
be avoided by turning off interrupts while
transferring packets, but that will almost certainly
lose clock ticks.
Also, don't confuse the E2100 for a NE2100 clone.
The E2100 is a shared memory NatSemi DP8390 design,
roughly similar to a brain-damaged WD8013, whereas
the NE2100 (and NE1500) use a bus-mastering AMD
LANCE design.
There is an alpha test driver available (even though
I shouldn't have bothered) in the normal place
(see the FAQ section) -- e2100.c -- let me know if
you use it, and how it works. Don't forget to
un-comment the line in config.in.
2.07 Allied Telesis
Allied Telesis is the worlds largest maker of separate
transceivers thanks to their low prices, and they now have a
series of low-cost ethercards using the 79C960 version of the AMD
LANCE. These are bus-master cards, and thus probably the fastest
ISA bus ethercards available (although the 3c509 has lower latency
thanks to predictive interrupts).
Supported:
AT1500
The driver for the AT1500 series is new in the
0.99pl12 kernel, but it won't work "out-of-the-box"
with >16M machines. (NB This isn't a fundamental
limitation, so stop pointing and laughing at the ISA
bus. The driver just needs a hook to allocate
low-memory buffers for the bus-master DMA, and should
be just as fast on >16M systems. It can be easily
fixed by initializing the LANCE driver with the
character devices, but this fix depends on the
resolution of the networking code uncertainty.)
For the ISA bus master mode all structures used
directly by the LANCE, the initialization block,
Rx and Tx rings, and data buffers, must be accessible
from the ISA bus, i.e. in the lower 16M of real memory.
This is a problem for current Linux kernels on >16M
machines. The network devices are initialized after
memory initialization, and the kernel doles out memory
from the top of memory downward. The current solution
is to have a special network initialization routine
that's called before memory initialization; this will
eventually be generalized for all network devices.
Low-memory "bounce-buffers" are used when needed.
This driver should also work with NE1500 and NE2100
clones.
Future driver versions may figure out a way to
autoDMA. Although there is no autoDMA (until I verify
that autoDMA is safe and reliable), some versions
(pl13) allow passing the DMA channel at boot-time via
LILO. (Boot-time parameters can be made permanent in
LILO v13+, read the docs.) The DMA channel otherwise
defaults to DMA5.
In pl14, there was a buglet that would hang some
machines with AT1500 like cards. Either get pl15
or newer, or go into ./init/main.c and move the
sti(); and claibrate_delay(); (near line 366) in
*front of* the #ifdef CONFIG_INET, instead of
after it.
Please report the exact chip used by your ethercard,
and any success or failure you have. This driver is
still young, and I've gotten few reports.
More information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in section 5.08.
AT1700
The Allied Telesis AT1700 series ethercards are based
on the Fujitsu MB86965. This chip uses a programmed
I/O interface, and a pair of fixed-size transmit
buffers. This allows small groups of packets to sent
be sent back-to-back, with a short pause while
switching buffers.
A unique feature is the ability to drive 150ohm STP
(Shielded Twisted Pair) cable commonly installed for
Token Ring, in addition to 10baseT 100ohm UTP
(unshielded twisted pair).
A mis-feature to watch out for is that the current
production version silently wires to DMA channel 5,
rendering it useless. No device driver will be
written using DMA if installing a second card into
the machine breaks both, and the only way to disable
the DMA is with a knife.
The at1700 driver is included in the standard pl15
kernel source tree.
2.08 Arcnet
There is no Arcnet driver for Linux. Feel free to write a driver. With
the very low cost and better performance of ethernet, I expect that
most places will be giving away their Arcnet hardware for free,
resulting in a lot of home systems with Arcnet.
An advantage of Arcnet is that all of the cards have identical
interfaces, so once a driver is available it will work for everyone.
2.09 Digital / DEC
Supported: DE200, DE210, DE202, DE100, DEPCA rev E
As of linux v1.0, there is a driver included as standard
for these cards. It was written by David C. Davies.
There is documentation included in the source file
"depca.c", which includes info on how to use more than
one of these cards in a machine.
If you have / want to use the pl15 kernel or older,
then you will have to use Peter Bauer's driver.
It can be found as a separate patch called depca-0.8.tar.gz.
You will have to un-comment the DEPCA line in "config.in"
after installing the patch. You can find the patch on
ftp.funet.fi, /pub/OS/Linux/BETA/depca/depca-0.8.tar.gz
This version resets the card upon close so that you can
use it with broken DOS drivers after a warm boot.
Unsupported: Digital Etherlink III
Peter Bauer said that "the new etherlink III seems to
be a break: No official docu from DEC as far as today,
other (incompatible??) hardware used, and (no joke) (at least
for the first delivered cards) also a sharp knife necessary
to get the card working (needs cut of some irq lines ...)
As far as I know, lots of DEC Employees use Linux (at least
for hobby purposes) and the depca-driver, because its a
de-facto standard in DEC, so I encourage any DEC-employee
reading this to check wether my writing is true, and to
support sources of information about the etherworks-III."
2.10 Intel Ethernet Cards
Supported: Ether Express
This card uses the intel i82586. (Surprise, huh?)
The driver is in the standard release of pl15.
However, you will have to uncomment the line in
"config.in" to use it. -- yes, this line is
commented out for a reason. The driver is still
in the testing phases, as of v1.0 as well.
There is some technical information available on
the i82586 in section 5.06, and also in the
source code for the driver "eexpress.c". Don't
be afraid to read it. ;-)
The rason is that the driver works well with slow machines,
but the i82586 occasionally hangs from the packet buffer
contention that a fast machine can cause. I'll have
to find a work-around before releasing the driver.
One reported hack fix is to change all of the outw()
calls to outw_p().
If you do try the driver please post or send a report.
Include the kind of machine you are trying it with,
and how heavily loaded your network is.
2.11 PureData
Supported: PDUC8028, PDI8023
The PureData PDUC8028 and PDI8023 series of cards are reported
to work, thanks to special probe code contributed by Mike
Jagdis <jaggy@purplet.demon.co.uk>. The support is integrated
with the WD driver.
2.12 Xircom
Another group that won't release documentation. No cards
supported. Don't look for any support in the future unless
they release their programming information. And this is
highly unlikely, as they *forbid* you from even reverse-
engineering their drivers. If you are already stuck with one,
see if you can trade it off on some DOS (l)user. Read section
9.01 if you are bored.
And if you just want to verify that this is the case, you can
reach Xircom at 1-800-874-7875 or +1-818-878-7600.
2.13 Zenith
The built-in Z-Note network adaptor is based on the Intel
i82593 using two DMA channels. There might be a driver for it
in mid 1994. See section 5.06 for more information.
Also note that the Z-Note is compatible with the IBM ThinkPad 300.
2.14 Racal-Interlan
Note: I have been told that the following two drivers are
for patchlevel 11, and hence are a bit dated. The original
author is Michael Hipp, and can be reached at the following addr:
zxmhp01@student.uni-tuebingen.de
NI52**
There is an alpha driver for the NI5210 floating about.
(last seen on tsx-11.mit.edu /pub/linux/ALPHA/ni/ni52.tar.gz)
This card also uses one of the Intel chips. See section
5.06 for more information.
NI65**
There is also a driver for the LANCE based NI6510, and it
can be found in the same place as the NI5210 driver above.
I am not sure how much work it would be to hack the current
LANCE driver in the kernel to support this card. If anyone
has done so, let me know.
2.15 AMD LANCE (79C960)
There really is no AMD ethernet card. You are probably reading this
because the only markings you could find on your card said AMD
and the above number. The above number refers to a chip from AMD
that is the heart of many ethernet cards. See the section on the
Allied Telesis AT1500, the NE1500/2100 and the information in
section 5.08. Chances are that the existing LANCE driver will work
with all AMD LANCE based cards. (...except perhaps the above
mentioned NI6510 ???)
2.16 AT-Lan-Tec / RealTek Pocket adaptor
This is a generic, low-cost OEM pocket adaptor being sold by
AT-Lan-Tec, and (likely) a number of other suppliers. A
driver for it is included in the standard pl15 kernel.
Note that there is substantial information contained in the
driver source file "atp.c" which presently lives in ./drivers/net/
BTW, the adaptor (AEP-100L) has both 10baseT and BNC connections!
You can reach AT-Lan-Tec at 1-301-948-7070. Ask for the model
that works with Linux, or ask for "Vincent Bono" in tech support.
In the Netherlands a compatible adaptor is sold under the name SHI-TEC
PE-NET/CT, and sells for about $125. The vendor was Megasellers.
They state that they do not sell to private persons, but I just
gave them the name of my home institute. No questions asked.
They are: Megasellers, Vianen, The Netherlands. They always
advertise in Dutch computer magazines. In Germany, a similar
adaptor comes as a no-brand-name product. Prolan 890b, no
brand on the casing, only a roman II. Resellers can get a price
of about $130, including a small wall transformer for the power.
Physical Description
The adaptor is "normal size" for the product class, about 57mm wide,
22mm high tapering to 15mm high at the DB25 connector, and 105mm long
(120mm including the BNC socket). It's switchable between the RJ45
and BNC jacks with a small slide switch positioned between the two:
a very intuitive design.
It's powered by a lightweight 5V "wall brick" adaptor that terminates
in a standard 5.0mm power connector. I measured an unconnected
quiescent power draw of 102ma for BNC and 84ma for 10baseT. I hooked
the pocket adaptor up to my home thinnet and started FTPing a large
file. The power measurements were:
idle, connected 99ma @ 5.1V
active, connected 107ma @ 5.1V
This was measured using a Fluke 8026B true-RMS multimeter, so I'm
pretty confident the numbers are good. This power draw is low enough
that you could buy or build a cable to take the 5V directly from the
keyboard/mouse port available on many laptops. (Bonus points here
for using a standardized power connector instead of proprietary one.)
2.17 Ansel
Supported: AC3200 EISA
This driver is not included in the pl15 kernel. To
*alpha* test it, get the files ac3200.[c,h] from
where you usually get alpha drivers (see the FAQ in
this document if you dont know) and uncomment the
line in config.in for the ac3200. If you use it,
please let me know how things work out.
2.18 DFI
Supported: DFINET-300 (NE1000) and DFINET-400 (NE2000)
These cards are now detected (as of pl15) thanks to
Eberhard Moenkeberg <emoenke@gwdg.de> who noted that
they use "DFI" in the first 3 bytes of the prom, instead
of using 0x57 in bytes 14 and 15, which is what all the
NE1000 and NE2000 cards use.
3. Clones of popular Ethernet cards.
Due to the popular design of some cards, different companies will
make "clones" or replicas of the original card. However, one must
be careful, as some of these clones are not 100% compatible, and
can be troublesome. Some common problems with "not-quite-clones"
are noted in the question and answer section of this document.
Also note that if your card isn't mentioned here, that really
means nothing. Chances are that even if it is only a half decent
clone of the original, then it will still work.
3.1 WD80x3 clones
The following clones are reported to work with the standard
WD80x3 driver:
AT-LAN-TEC 8013
PureData (not a 8013 clone, but the 8013 driver has special code)
LANNET LEC-45
PE-8013 (WD-8013 Compatible)
3.2 NE2000 clones
The following clones are reported to work with the standard
NE2000 driver:
Accton NE2000 (might not get detected at boot, see section 6)
Alta Combo NE2000 clone
Aritsoft LANtastic AE-2 (OK, but has flawed error-reporting registers)
Asante Etherpak 2001/2003
AT-LAN-TEC NE2000 clone (uses Winbond chip that traps SCSI drivers)
Cabletron products: E10**, E10**-x, E20**, E20**-x
Cnet UTP 10baseT (NE 2000 emulation)
D-Link Ethernet II (bad clones, but the driver checks for them)
4-Dimension FD0490 EtherBoard16
LTC E-NET/16 P/N: 8300-200-002 (lipka@lip.hanse.de)
Network Solutions HE-203
SIIG Inc E-Lan/200 (NE 2000 comp.)
SVEC 4 Dimension Ethernet
4. Cables, coax, twisted pairs etc.
If you are starting a network from scratch, it's considerably less
expensive to use thin ethernet, RG58 co-ax cable with BNC connectors,
than old-fashioned thick ethernet, RG-5 cable with N connectors, or
10baseT, twisted pair telco-style cables with RJ-45 eight wire "phone"
connectors.
4.01 Thin Ethernet (thinnet)
Thin ethernet is the "ether of choice". The cable is inexpensive. If
you are making your own cables solid-core RG58A is $0.09/ft. and
stranded RG58AU is $0.15/ft. Twist-on BNC connectors are < $2 ea.,
and other misc. pieces are similarly inexpensive. It is essential
that you properly terminate each end of the cable with 50 ohm
terminators, so budget $2 ea. for a pair. It's also vital that
your cable have no "stubs" -- the 'T' connectors must be attached
directly to the ethercards. The only drawback is that if you have
a big loop of machines connected together, and some bonehead breaks
the loop by taking one cable off the side of his tee, the whole
network goes down because it sees an infinite impedance (open
circuit) instead of the required 50 ohm termination. Note that
you can remove the tee piece from the card itself without killing
the whole subnet, as long as you don't remove the cables from the
tee itself. Of course this will disturb the machine that you
pull the actual tee off of. 8-) And if you are doing a small
network of two machines, you *still* need the tees and the 50 ohm
terminators -- you *can't* just cable them together!
4.02 Twisted pair
Twisted pair networks require active hubs, which start around $200,
and the raw cable cost can actually be higher than thinnet. They are
usually sold using the claim that you can use your existing telephone
wiring, but it's a rare installation where that turns out to be the
case. The claim that you can upgrade to higher speeds is also
suspect, as most proposed schemes use higher-grade (read $$) cable and
more sophisticated termination ($$$) than you would likely install on
speculation. New gizmos are floating around which allow you to
daisy-chain machines together, and the like. For example,
Falleron sells EtherWave adaptors and transceivers. This device
allows multiple 10baseT devices to be daisy-chained. They also
sell a 3c509 clone that includes the EtherWave transceiver.
The drawback is that it's more expensive and less reliable than a
cheap ($100-$150) mini-hub and another ethercard. IMO, you should
either go for the hub approach or switch over to 10base2 thinnet.
On the other hand, hubs are rapidly dropping in price, all 100Mb/sec
ethernet proposals use twisted pair, and most new business
installations use twisted pair. (This is probably to avoid the
problem with idiots messing with the BNC's as described above.)
If you are only connecting two machines, it is possible to avoid
using a hub, by swapping the Rx and Tx pairs (1-2 and 3-6).
ed to 'user agents', which
means the software the user sees and uses. This software relies on
the 'transport agents' mentioned above.
4.1 Elm
Elm compiles, installs, and runs flawlessly under Linux. For more
information, see the elm sources and installation instructions.
The only thing to know is that Elm's Configure script incorrectly
sets the 'ranlib' variable in config.sh. When Configure gives you
the chance to edit config.sh before proceeding, please do so and
set "ranlib='ranlib'" or the binaries will compile but not link.
Elm and filter need to be mode 2755 (group mail) with
/usr/sp