The Unsorted BBS Collection/thegreatunsorted.tar/thegreatunsorted/misc/3a.ptx

Text File | 1993-03-26 | 189KB | 3,535 lines

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has studied the effects of
RF energy on the human body.  They publish the `ANSI RF protection guide`
which says `30 MHz to 300 MHz` causes the greatest risk from RF energy
exposure.  The `human body absorbs RF energy` the best in this range.~
B.Properly fill out FCC Form 610 and send it to the nearest FCC field
office~
A.`Forward and reflected power`~
B.Donation of equipment repairs~
C.Use a non-resonant antenna~
How should you give a `signal report` over a `repeater`?~
If a `48000-ohm` resistor is connected to `12 volts`, how much current will
flow through it?~
C.Right-hand circular~
An inductor (a coil) stores energy in a magnetic field which goes through
the center of the inductor.  If an `iron core` is `inserted into a coil`, the
iron will concentrate the magnetic field.  This `increases` the coil's
`inductance` (its ability to store energy).~
If warm, dry air in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) moves over cold,
moist air, sometimes a "waveguide" for `VHF` signals is created which
propagates the signals hundreds or thousands of miles farther than normal.
This is called `tropospheric ducting`.~
A.A `BNC connector`~
B.So you may provide communications in `an emergency`~
D.The lowest frequency signal that is most absorbed by the ionosphere~
C.Make sure others in your home know where it is and `how to shut off the
electricity`~
B.The E region~
B.40 A~
A.A long transmission may prevent someone with an `emergency` from using
the repeater~
long-distance, sky-wave, F2 region~
A.`RG-213`~
broadcasting, general public~
What does the `fourth color band` on a resistor indicate?~
What does a `multimeter` measure?~
maximum symbol rate, 2-meter band, 19.6 kilobauds~
The human voice is made up of mixed high and low audio frequencies, between
20 Hz and 20 kHz.  A `frequency-modulated` signal usually carries most of the
`bandwidth` of the human voice, something `between 10 and 20 kHz`.~
standard electrical safety rules, National Electrical Code~
five nine plus 20 dB, 20 decibels greater than strength 9~
What kind of propagation would best be used by `two stations within` each
other's `skip zone` on a certain frequency?~
A.Because some frequency bands are wider than others~
As the length of a `feed line` is changed, what happens to `signal loss`?~
B.`In parallel` with the circuit~
A.An `RF carrier`~
A.Extra, Advanced, General, Technician, `Novice`~
resistors sometimes get hot, electrical energy, lost as heat~
`1 kHz` is the `maximum frequency shift` for `RTTY or data` when on frequencies
`below 50 MHz`.  This means that your RTTY or packet signals can't shift
frequency by more than `1 kHz` when changing back and forth from "mark" and
"space" (binary "1" and binary "0").~
B.When `long wavelength` signals enter the `D region`~
A.Horizontal~
Which operator licenses authorize privileges on `223.50 MHz`?~
Which type of `antenna` would be a good choice as part of a `portable HF`
amateur station that could be set up in case of an emergency?~
A.An antenna matcher~
station identification, CW~
B.`50.1 - 54.0 MHz` only~
How must you `identify messages` sent during a `RACES drill`?~
D.R = P / E [resistance equals power divided by voltage]~
B.Ectosphere~
black (or red) wire, to the fuse~
C.More than 20 amperes~
distress call, operating phone, MAYDAY~
B.The basic unit of capacitance~
A.300 bauds~
The driven element of a parasitic beam antenna (such as a `Yagi`) sends out
radio energy which is picked up by induction or radiation by other antenna
elements which are not connected to the feed line, called `parasitic
elements`.  `Parasitic elements` reflect and direct (focus) the radio energy
in one direction, so they are called `reflectors` and `directors`.~
When may you send `obscene words` from your amateur station?~
B.They will be accurate enough to get by~
D.A decoupling resistor~
If you want to `break into a conversation` between other hams on a repeater,
all you need to do is `say your call sign` once in the short quiet space
between their transmissions, then wait for one of them to say your call
sign and ask you to go ahead and talk.~
A.So you may use your station while mobile~
D.Changing the repeater's frequency requires the authorization of the FCC~
What type of `non-directional` antenna is `easy to make` at home and `works well
outdoors`?~
C.Slow-scan phone~
Why should `local` amateur communications `use VHF and UHF` frequencies instead
of HF frequencies?~
Which `ionospheric region` is `closest to the earth`?~
What can happen if you `tune a ferrite-core coil` with a `metal tool`?~
A.Its resistance changes when AC is applied to it~
disaster, transmissions, essential communication needs, relief actions~
B.For a higher current gain~
When does `ionospheric absorption` of radio signals occur?~
Yagi, two, straight, parallel elements, in line~
C.A `signal generator`~
A.56 kilobauds~
B.Your signal is perfectly readable, but weak~
A.400 A~
C.19.6 kilobauds~
D.Resistance is reduced in parallel with the meter~
A transmitter sends radio energy through a feed line to an antenna.  If the
antenna's impedance doesn't exactly match the impedance of its feed line,
some of the radio energy sent to the antenna will reflect back down the
feed line.  `Reflected power` is the amount of radio energy `returned to a
transmitter from an antenna` because of an impedance mismatch.~
What is the meaning of: "Your signal report is `five seven`..."?~
An IF amplifier stage and a beat-frequency oscillator (BFO) send signals
into the unlabeled block of `Figure T7-2`, and then a signal is sent from the
block to an audio amplifier.  This is exactly what a `detector` circuit does:
A `detector` combines an IF signal with a BFO signal, amplifies their
difference, and sends an audio signal to an amplifier.~
variable-frequency oscillator, VFO-controlled transmitter~
D.A `VFO-controlled transmitter`~
D.The resistance material~
fastest code speed, automatic identification, 20 words per minute~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show an inductor (a coil) as several half-
circles drawn side-by-side (as a picture of the turns of wire in a real
coil).  If two solid lines are drawn next to the half-circles, this means
it's an `iron-core inductor`, just like `symbol D`.~
No matter what kind of data code you use for transmissions between `50 to
222 MHz` (the 6-meter and 2-meter bands), the `maximum authorized bandwidth`
is `20 kHz`.  Your RTTY or packet equipment controls how much bandwidth your
signal takes, and it's usually much less than `20 kHz`.~
B.The input/output port of a packet controller~
What is an important `safety rule` concerning the `main electrical box` in your
home?~
B.Use a `dummy load`~
C.Any time, but there is an unwritten rule among amateurs that they
should not be used on the air~
D.Station call sign and the station licensee's class of license~
If you are using a frequency within a band assigned to the amateur service
on a secondary basis, and a station assigned to the `primary service` on that
band `causes interference`, what action should you take?~
C.More than 20 amperes~
D.The value of one capacitor times the value of the other~
burned by high voltage, turn off the power, call for emergency help~
C.Say "EMERGENCY" several times~
D.Anywhere along the feed line~
Depending upon operating frequency and length, feed lines absorb RF energy
at different rates.  In general, a `feed line`'s `signal loss` `increases with
increasing frequency` and increases with increasing length.~
B.5%~
What is the "`grace period`" during which the FCC will `renew` an expired 10-
year license?~
How much `electrical current` flowing through the human body is usually
`painful`?~
B.Feed line with both conductors connected to ground~
narrowest bandwidth to the widest, CW, RTTY, SSB voice, FM voice~
C.The `henry`~
D.As `drill or test messages`~
A.To `minimize interference on HF` bands capable of long distance
communication~
B.It `increases`~
A.`Eyes`~
C.Magnetosphere~
dummy antenna, 100-watt single-sideband phone, 100 watts continuous~
D.`80 ohms`~
D.To reduce fundamental radiation~
A feed line is `unbalanced` if it has `one conductor connected to ground`, such
as coaxial cable.  If a balanced antenna, such as a dipole, must
be
connected to an `unbalanced` feed line, a balun may be used to electrically
separate the antenna from the ground connection.~
C.Any `special conditions` and special `rules` to be observed during the
emergency~
If two repeaters use the same frequency and a frequency coordinator has `NOT
recommended either station`, and there is `interference` between the two, then
`both repeater licensees` must work together equally to solve the problem.~
B.Symbol B~
Figure T7-2, detector~
C.A single-sideband transmitter~
A.A area of the `outer atmosphere` where enough ions and free electrons
exist to `propagate radio waves`~
A.You must continuously `monitor and supervise` the third party's
participation~
keep transmissions short, emergency~
two equal-value inductors, connected in parallel, half the value~
B.The `control point`~
tropospheric bending, 2-meter radio waves, farther away~
B.To keep them looking nice~
A.The licensee of the `unrecommended` repeater~
D.D and E~
B.`QRZ`?~
B.`Emergency traffic`~
C.It paralyzes the tissue~
C.The `National Aeronautics and Space Administration`~
A.The language being used for the contact~
A `dummy antenna` is a nonradiating load for a transmitter made up of a
`noninductive resistor`, usually surrounded by a cooling liquid.  If a `dummy
antenna` is connected to a transmitter's output in place of an antenna when
making adjustments, it won't cause interference on the air.~
A.`20 kHz`~
C.`19.6 kilobauds`~
A.Transmissions intended for reception by the `general public`, either
direct or relayed~
Where should the `black (or red) wire` in a three-wire AC line cord be
connected in a power supply?~
C.A deviation meter~
A.The `farad`~
Why should you make sure that no one can touch an `open-wire feed line` while
you are transmitting with it?~
D.They are reflected back to their source~
D.The ITU Radio Regulations~
Which band may `NOT be used` by Earth stations for `satellite communications`?~
A.A speech compressor~
obscene words, never~
check the accuracy, tuning dial, WWV or WWVH~
D.Station operators in ITU Regions 1 and 3 must yield the frequency to
stations in ITU Region 2~
D.The lungs~
D.A `temperature inversion`~
A.The repeater's battery supply runs out~
B.1.0 MHz~
A.Some `electrical energy` passing through them is `lost as heat`~
D.Signal loss is the least when the signal's wavelength is the same as
the feed line's length~
What is the `maximum symbol rate` permitted for packet transmissions on the
`2-meter band`?~
At what point in your station is transceiver `power measured`?~
B.A reflectometer~
B.Always say: "Your signal report is five five..."~
D.One-half wavelength from the antenna feed point~
Ohm's Law says that voltage = current times resistance (abbreviated E = I
x R).  When voltage and resistance are known, current is calculated by
dividing voltage by resistance:  I = E / R.  So, if a `4800-ohm` resistor is
connected to `12 volts`, the current flow will be 12 / 4800 or 0.0025 amperes
(`2.5 mA`).~
Most resistors are marked with a color code which shows the `resistor's
tolerance value` along with its resistance value.  The `resistor's color code`
is marked by several colored bands painted around the resistor.~
A.At the power supply terminals inside the transmitter or amplifier~
maximum symbol rate, above 222 MHz, 56 kilobauds~
How is the `current` in a DC circuit `calculated` when the `voltage and
resistance are known`?~
The `PL-259 connector` has been around for many years and is used to make RF
connections almost all amateur HF equipment.  It `joins RG-213 coaxial
cable`, RG-8, RG-11 and other popular sizes of coaxial cable.~
In what frequency range does `tropospheric ducting` most often occur?~
Most transmitters must be tuned up (adjusted) before they send out a good
signal.  `Interference` can be `minimized` if you use a `dummy load` instead of
an antenna for tune-up.  With a `dummy load`, your signal can't cause
`interference` to anyone.~
B.To the green wire~
What must you do to `renew or change` your operator/primary station license?~
C.They are required by the FCC~
A.The place where a coil is tapped for resonance~
B.A `dummy antenna`~
range of a voltmeter, increased, resistance in series with the meter~
B.Tactical traffic~
D.There is no limitation~
A.Say "`MAYDAY`" several times~
A.A wire-wound resistor~
A.Routine traffic~
A.A type of cubical quad antenna, except with `triangular elements` rather
than square~
D.`2.5 mA`~
A repeater listens for signals on one frequency and retransmits them more
powerfully on another frequency.  The `purpose of repeater operation` is to
help stations in a car (mobile) or low-power (hand-held walkie-talkie)
stations `extend` their `usable range`.  Think of talking in a quiet voice (low
power) to someone who shouts your message a long way (a repeater).~
A.You should transmit using less power~
D.Suppressing the carrier in a single-sideband transmitter~
C.The ratio of maximum to minimum impedances on a feed line~
As the frequency of a signal is changed, what happens to `signal loss` in a
`feed line`?~
B.`Test`~
D.Symbol D~
D.Your signal is being received, but no audio is being heard~
D.Frequency modulated phone~
area, increased, capacitance, increases~
D.You must give your call sign and the location of the VE examination
where you obtained the CSCE~
D.`Peak envelope power`~
B.Capacitance~
Since `single-sideband phone` signals use a small amount of bandwidth, use
less power than other phone signals, and need only simple circuitry to be
sent or received, they are the `voice emission most used` by amateurs.~
What is a `farad`?~
higher in frequency than the critical frequency, pass through, ionosphere~
What is a `delta loop` antenna?~
D.`Vertical`~
B.You may not operate on 146.34 until your new license arrives~
A.It `absorbs` the signals~
What is the name of the `voice emission most used` on amateur HF bands?~
D.When the US has a `third-party agreement` with the `foreign country` or the
third party is qualified to be a control operator~
D.A VFO circuit~
A Q signal is an abbreviation used `on CW` for several longer words.  If
you'd like to find out if `someone is calling you`, you'd send the Q signal
"`QRZ`?" (with a question mark).~
If you are talking to a station `using a repeater`, how would you find out if
you could communicate using `simplex instead`?~
A `dummy antenna` is a nonradiating load for a transmitter made up of a
noninductive resistor, usually surrounded by a cooling liquid.  If a `dummy
antenna` is connected to a transmitter's output in place of an antenna for
`off-the-air transmitter testing`, it won't cause interference.~
B.Those which allow a commercial business to continue to operate in the
affected area~
C.In quadrature with the circuit~
C.10%~
Instead of switching an RF signal on and off to send Morse code, some
transmitters send a single-sideband suppressed-carrier (SSBSC) signal which
is modulated by an `on/off keyed audio tone`.  This `tone-modulated Morse code`
acts just like Morse code sent by on/off keying of a transmitter's output.~
two sub-regions, daytime, F1 and F2~
tolerance rating, low-quality resistor, 20%~
B.The resistance tolerance in percent~
D.Any language of a country which is a member of the International
Telecommunication Union~
D.56 kilobauds~
A.Peak transmitter power~
B.The director and the driven element~
B.The same as the value of either capacitor~
When are `third-party messages` allowed to be sent to a `foreign country`?~
D.F2 region~
A.E = I / R [voltage equals current divided by resistance]~
B.`Technician`~
C.If it properly calibrates to full scale in the set position, they `may
be accurate`~
D.100 watts~
A.An extra antenna~
line impedance, RF wattmeters, 50 ohms~
A.50.0 - 54.0 MHz only~
transmitter and an antenna, 50 feet apart, cut off the excess cable~
B.The station operator with a lower power output must yield the frequency
to the station with a higher power output~
C.The volt~
electrical current, fatal, 1/10 of an ampere~
D.The power returned to an antenna by buildings and trees~
C.The feed line is too long~
C.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)~
B.Repeat your transmission on a frequency 20 kHz higher~
rush hours, repeater operation, discouraged, third-party~
As you might expect, when you use a `reflectometer` to measure the impedance
match between an antenna and its feed line, the `best accuracy` comes when
the `reflectometer` is connected where the antenna meets the feed line,
called the `antenna feed point.`~
FM, microphone failed to work, unmodulated carrier~
C.The total bandwidth shall not exceed that of a single-sideband phone
emission~
A.Tactical traffic~
A.Less than 5 kHz~
B.A phase-modulated carrier~
C.Your signal is not strong enough to be received~
simplex, repeater will not be tied up~
D.The carrier frequency of a single-sideband signal~
During the `daytime`, the `D region` of the ionosphere absorbs radio signals in
the `80-meter band` so much that the band can only be used for short-distance
communications.  Just remember that on the `80-meter band`, the `D region` in
the `daytime` means `short distances`.~
C.The E region~
What is `modulation`?~
D.Any time, but there is an unwritten rule among amateurs that they
should not be used on the air~
C.`Where are you`~
ionospheric region, sky-wave propagation, 6-meter band, E region~
What is the name for `packet-radio` emissions?~
ANSI RF protection guide, maximum safe power, VHF or UHF, 7 watts~
A `reflectometer` measures the forward and reflected voltages between a
transmitter and an antenna system, and can `measure an impedance mismatch`.
The more reflected power measured by the `reflectometer`, the worse the
impedance mismatch.~
An easy way to remember what a `multimeter` measures is to remember Ohm's
Law:  E = IxR (`voltage` equals `current` times `resistance`).  A `multimeter`
measures `voltage`, `current` and `resistance`.~
What is the `basic unit of inductance`?~
B.The `D region`~
D.Unique words of your choice~
On what frequencies within the `2-meter band` may `image` emissions be
transmitted?~
D.A sound used to activate a receiver in case of severe weather~
B.`100 watts` PEP output~
A `dummy antenna` is a `nonradiating load` for a transmitter made up of a
noninductive resistor, usually surrounded by a cooling liquid.  If a `dummy
antenna` is connected to a transmitter's output in place of an antenna when
making adjustments, it won't cause interference on the air.~
What `minimum information` must be on a label affixed to a `transmitter` used
for telecommand (control) of `model craft`?~
B.Signals from a transmitter's output circuit are being sent back to its
input circuit~
C.To reduce `harmonic radiation`~
third-party messages, foreign country, third-party agreement~
packet-radio emissions, terminal-node-controller, microphone input~
solar radiation, outer atmosphere, ultraviolet~
input/output frequency separation, 70-centimeter band, 5.0 MHz~
A.Symbol A~
open-wire feed line, high-voltage radio energy, might burn~
In addition to passing the Technician written examination (Elements 2 and
3A), what must you do before you are allowed to use amateur frequencies
`below 30 MHz`?~
B.The directional pattern of an antenna~
C.19.6 kilobauds~
C.A series of low-pressure waves~
What is the result of `overdeviation` in an `FM` transmitter?~
Under the right conditions, as little as `30 volts` is the `minimum voltage`
which is `dangerous` to humans.  Be careful when working near electricity.
Your heart is the most important part of your body to protect from electric
shock.~
As a general rule, the `feed line` between a transmitter and an antenna
should be as short as possible.  This is because the amount of signal a
`feed line` absorbs `increases as length increases`.  For least `signal loss`,
keep the `feed line` short.~
A.As little as `1/500 of an ampere`~
What emissions are produced by a transmitter using a `reactance modulator`?~
B.A three-element Yagi~
language, identifying your station, English~
A.The temperature of the ionosphere~
A `Yagi` has at least `two` `straight`, `parallel elements`, a driven element and
a reflector, `in line` with each other.  Usually a few `straight`, `parallel`
director elements are also added `in line` too.  Radio energy is sent by the
driven element in two directions, but energy going to the reflector is
reflected back the other way.  Directors focus the now one-way energy.~
A.7.1 - 7.2 MHz~
A.50 kHz~
D.`SOS`~
If you let an `unlicensed third party` use your amateur station, what must
you do at your station's control point?~
C.Say the amount of signal `quieting` into the repeater~
When you turn the dial of a `voltmeter` from a `lower to a higher range`,
`resistance is added in series` with the meter.  This causes the `range` of a
`voltmeter` to be increased because the series resistor uses part of the
voltage and the meter can measure the rest.~
B.Resistance is added in parallel with the meter~
C.The repeater gets too hot and stops transmitting until its circuitry
cools off~
dummy antenna, noninductive resistor~
five seven, perfectly readable, moderately strong~
B.At the antenna feed point~
C.`Overmodulation` of a transmitter~
D.A `VFO-controlled transmitter`~
C.A signal deviation meter~
Ohm's Law, resistance, current, voltage~
store energy, electric field, capacitance~
A.0.1%~
C.1200 bauds~
D.`To the fuse`~
multimeter, voltage, current, resistance~
B.It bends the radio waves out into space~
If a `variable-frequency oscillator` (or VFO) is connected to a driver and a
power amplifier as in Figure T7-1, this will make a `VFO-controlled
transmitter`.  The `variable-frequency oscillator` will control the
transmitter's frequency while the driver and power amplifier will boost the
transmitted signal's strength.~
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has studied the effects of
RF energy on the human body.  They publish safety guidelines in their `ANSI
RF protection guide` which gives recommended `RF exposure limits` for the
human body.~
observation of propagation, beacon~
C.Immediately drag the person away from the high voltage~
QSY, change frequency~
inductor, electromagnetically, opposes a change in current~
D.A `crystal calibrator`~
A.It lets you contact stations `farther away`~
D.To increase their capacitance~
A.`Contact the control operator` and ask to join~
C.Symbol C~
control point, control operator~
weak and distorted signal, scatter~
Sending `obscene words` over the air is prohibited, forbidden, outlawed,
improper and illegal.  It's against the rules and is `never` allowed.~
maximum frequency shift, RTTY or data, above 50 MHz, rules do not specify~
A.Your signal strength has increased by a factor of 100~
A.25 ohms~
C.Send faster~
A.It stores energy in a magnetic field~
D.Feed line with both conductors connected to each other~
What is the `purpose of repeater operation`?~
What is the usual `input/output frequency separation` for repeaters in the `2-
meter band`?~
C.Dusk~
B.2 meters~
What is the proper `distress call` to use when `operating phone`?~
Why is the retaining screw in one terminal of a `wall outlet` made of `brass`
while the other one is `silver` colored?~
C.`CW, RTTY, SSB voice, FM voice`~
The FCC `rules do not specify` a `maximum frequency shift` for `RTTY or data`
when on frequencies `above 50 MHz`.  This means that your RTTY or packet
signals can shift frequency by any amount up to the maximum bandwidth
allowed for the band when changing back and forth from "mark" and "space"
(binary "1" and binary "0").~
When is the `E region most ionized`?~
`Image` emissions (facsimile and television) may be sent on any frequency in
the `2-meter band` except for the CW-only range of 144.0 to 144.1 MHz.  This
means `image` may be used on almost all of the band, from `144.1 - 148.0 MHz`.~
What causes `VHF radio waves` to be `propagated several hundred miles` over
oceans?~
What is a `parasitic beam antenna`?~
Which ionospheric region limits `daytime` radio communications on the `80-
meter band` to `short distances`?~
D.Wait for the station to call "CQ," then answer it~
A couple of sets of `charged batteries` will let you operate a hand held
radio for several hours `in an emergency`.  Sometimes this can make the
difference between life and death for you or someone else.~
B.On the back side of the cabinet, out of sight~
An `IF amplifier stage` picks out a narrow band of received frequencies and
sends them to a `detector` circuit where they are combined with the steady
signal of a `beat-frequency oscillator`.  After the `detector` `combines` the two
signals, it amplifies their difference, which is an audio signal.~
Certain types of coaxial cable absorb more RF energy per foot than others
at VHF frequencies.  If you wanted to connect a `6-meter Yagi antenna` which
was `150 feet from your transmitter`, you'd want to use the type of coaxial
cable with the least loss per foot so you'd get the most signal to your
antenna.  In this case, `RG-213` coaxial cable is the best choice.~
B.A reflectometer~
How can the `range of a voltmeter` be `increased`?~
D.`No payment` of any kind is allowed~
B.Shout, "break, break!" to show that you're eager to join the
conversation~
C.Signal loss decreases as length increases~
A.To check the SWR of the repeater~
Voice signal reports are given with two numbers, readability and signal
strength.  Readability is a number from 1 to 5, (5 is the best).  Signal
strength is a number from 1 to 9, (9 is the best).  So, if your signal
report is `five nine plus 20 dB`, it means perfectly readable and `20 decibels
greater than strength 9`.~
The `D region` of the ionosphere `absorbs` signals best during the `daytime`.
Lower-frequency radio signals can't travel very far without disappearing
because of this ionospheric absorption.  Just remember that the `D region` in
the `daytime` causes disappearing signals.~
What is the meaning of: "Your signal report is `five nine plus 20 dB`..."?~
D.Roll the excess cable into a coil which is as small as possible~
B.QRRR~
A.Wait for the end of a transmission and start calling the desired party~
C.Your signal is readable with considerable difficulty~
A repeater listens for signals on its input frequency and retransmits them
more powerfully on its output frequency.  The difference between the output
and input frequencies, (called the "offset" or the `input/output frequency
separation`), is `1.6 MHz` for the `1.25-meter band`.~
If you are on the `10-meter band`, you must limit the `maximum symbol rate` of
your packet transmissions to `1200 bauds`.  This is usually controlled by the
settings of your packet system's terminal node controller (TNC).~
B.100 volts~
A.The part of a `single-sideband signal` which is `above the carrier
frequency`~
C.Shield your face from the heat produced by the power supply~
C.The frequency coordinator~
Where should `fuses` be connected on a mobile `transceiver's DC power cable`?~
If you let a non-ham friend use your station to talk to or to send messages
to a ham in a `foreign country`, that's called sending `third party messages`.
You're allowed to do this only if the US has a `third-party agreement` with
the `foreign country`.  Some countries don't allow `third-party messages`.~
What is the name for emissions produced by an `on/off keyed audio tone`?~
100-ohm resistor, 10% tolerance, 90 to 110 ohms~
A.Mobile stations~
B.19.6 kilobauds~
secondary user, not cause harmful interference~
A.0.15 ohm~
B.At the transmitter output connector~
D.2000 volts~
C.The responsible `civil defense organization`~
Technician, below 30 MHz, Morse code test~
A.RTTY~
B.A widespread `temperature inversion`~
D.Shortly before midnight~
If you send messages for a non-ham friend to a ham in another country
(called `third-party messages`), you are allowed `no payment` at all for
sending them.  Hams are not allowed to use their stations to send messages
to make money.~
What type of `solar radiation` is most responsible for ionization in the
`outer atmosphere`?~
C.By plane wave~
B.QRU?~
B.200 kHz~
One type of `voice emission` with good quality sound, little static, and good
signal-to-noise ratio is `frequency modulated phone`.  However, it needs a
wide bandwidth, so it's not used below 29 MHz.  Since `VHF/UHF repeaters`
operate far above 29 MHz, `frequency modulated phone` is used for its good
qualities.~
A.To the white wire~
A repeater uses a "`time out`" circuit to stop its transmissions from going
on all day if there is a continuous signal on its input frequency, and to
help keep normal transmissions short.  If someone talks `longer than the
repeater allows`, the repeater will "`time out`" and stop transmitting.~
overdeviation, FM, out-of-channel emissions~
A non-directional ground plane antenna is made when a `magnetic-base whip`
antenna is placed on the roof of a car.  The whip becomes the vertical
radiating element and the car's metal roof becomes the grounded horizontal
plane.  The vertical element of the ground plane antenna sends `radio energy`
in `all horizontal directions`.~
C.Written proof of having passed a `Morse code test`~
How can exposure to a large amount of `RF energy` affect body tissue?~
B.By reading the `resistor's color code`~
ionosphere, most ionized, midday~
B.The conductors in the feed line are not insulated very well~
C.The E region~
A.To prevent corrosion~
on a repeater frequency, change to another frequency, not practical~
C.1000 watts DC input~
A.56 kilobauds~
If `two equal-value capacitors` are `connected in parallel`, what is their
total capacitance?~
B.`Data`~
D.`Never`; `indecent words` are prohibited in amateur transmissions~
In an `FM receiver`, a `limiter` circuit cancels unwanted modulation and noise
from a received signal and sends it to a detector known as a `frequency
discriminator`.  The `frequency discriminator` then turns the frequency
changes of the received signal into an audio signal.~
C.175 watts continuous~
B.When the third party speaks to a relative~
A.A calibrated voltmeter~
B.A `detector` circuit~
A.Resistance is `added in series` with the meter~
B.A PL-259 connector~
D.`Capacitance`~
Changing the inductance or capacitance of an RF circuit in time with the
changes of an audio signal (such as a voice) can produce two kinds of
modulation which `resemble` each other.  If the circuit is an RF oscillator,
`frequency modulation` is produced.  If the circuit is an RF amplifier
connected to an RF oscillator, `phase modulation` is produced.~
minimum voltage, dangerous, 30 volts~
C.Because it absorbs static electricity~
D.The henry~
B.`MCW`~
When voice emissions were first used, double-sideband (AM) signals were
sent.  Later it was discovered that only one sideband was needed, so the
`single-sideband signal` was used for its smaller bandwidth (half of the
double-sideband signal).  `Upper-sideband (USB)` is just the half of the
double-sideband signal which is `above the carrier frequency`.~
variable-frequency oscillator, VFO-controlled transmitter~
B.Someone's transmission goes on `longer than the repeater allows`~
There are several kinds of `messages` (called traffic) which may be sent into
or out of a disaster area:  `Emergency traffic`, priority traffic, health and
welfare traffic, and routine traffic.  `Messages` about the `immediate safety
of human life` are always treated as `emergency traffic`.~
During commuting `rush hours`, which type of `repeater operation` should be
`discouraged`?~
C.`CW`~
C.The F1 region~
C.It refracts the radio waves back to earth~
D.In phase with the circuit~
A.The `highest frequency` signal that will `reach its intended destination`~
What causes the ionosphere to `absorb radio waves`?~
How many directly `driven elements` do most `beam antennas` have?~
D.Your signal is unreadable, very weak in strength~
A.CW~
D.`Phase-modulated phone`~
What rule applies if `two amateur stations` want to use the same frequency?~
Remember that power reflected from an antenna system back to a transmitter
subtracts from forward power going to the antenna system.  So, `4 watts
reflected power` must be subtracted from `96 watts forward power`, leaving `92
watts output power`.~
B.By feeding an on/off keyed audio tone into a CW transmitter~
D.Your signal is perfectly readable with near pure tone~
weather condition, tropospheric ducting, high-pressure system~
body organ, electrical current, heart~
If a `disaster` knocks out communications in your area, you are authorized to
send any `transmissions` which help meet `essential communication needs` (such
as a rescue operation) or which help `relief actions` (such as calling for
emergency medical supplies).~
D.A high voltage power supply should not be switch-operated~
D.A sweep generator~
C.An input filter~
C.No special form of identification is needed~
B.Helical~
Which operator licenses authorize privileges on `146.52 MHz`?~
D.A frequency-modulated carrier~
When is the `ionosphere most ionized`?~
As you might expect, a `band-pass filter` is designed to let only a certain
band of frequencies pass through it.  It `blocks RF energy` which is `above
and below a certain limit`, and lets only one band of frequencies through.~
horizontal wave polarization, electric lines of force, parallel~
C.The number of plates, the spacing between the plates and whether the
dielectric material is N type or P type~
C.`Troposphere`~
D.28.1 - 29.2 MHz~
A.Increased transmitter power~
D.On the antenna itself, after the feed line~
A.The electric lines of force of a radio wave are parallel to the earth's
surface~
D.`48 ohms`~
D.A microphone headset for hands-free operation~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show a capacitor as a straight line next
to a curved line.  If the symbol is for a `variable capacitor`, the symbol
will have a straight line ending in an arrow drawn through it.  `Symbol C`
shows a `variable capacitor`.~
A.The power radiated down to the ground from an antenna~
B.`Film and wire-wound`~
B.It `heats the tissue`~
What circuit is pictured in Figure T7-1 if block 1 is a `variable-frequency
oscillator`?~
RTTY, frequency-shift-keyed telegraphy~
D.It sets antenna height limits for aircraft protection~
hours allowed per week, RACES drills, one~
D.Symbol D~
D region, daytime, absorbs~
ionosphere, before local sunrise, ionization is at a minimum~
A.To the side of the power transformer's primary winding that has a fuse~
The American National Standards Institute (`ANSI`) has studied the effects of
`RF energy` on the human body.  They publish `safety guidelines` in their `ANSI`
RF protection guide which gives recommended RF exposure limits for the
human body.~
D.Health and Welfare traffic~
D.A wavetrap~
B.Receiving audio information from a signal~
D.23 centimeters~
A.600 kHz~
D.Extra, Advanced only~
What is the `maximum symbol rate` permitted for RTTY or data transmissions
`between 28 and 50 MHz`?~
What device is used to inject a `frequency calibration signal` into a
receiver?~
D.The value of one capacitor times the value of the other~
A.`600 kHz`~
If an antenna's impedance doesn't exactly match the impedance of its feed
line, some of the radio energy sent to the antenna will reflect back down
the feed line.  This causes standing waves and cancels some of the radio
energy sent to the antenna.  `Standing-wave ratio` measures the ratio of
`maximum to minimum voltages` on the feed line caused by reflected energy.~
A.Once every ten minutes~
C.When signals travel to the F region~
A.An F-type cable connector~
C.Phone~
D.So you will comply with the FCC rules~
D.Because it `changes RF energy into heat`~
A capacitor is two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating
material.  If the `area` of the conductive plates is `increased`, this allows
more electrons to be stored electrostatically, which `increases` the
`capacitance` of the capacitor.~
B.A high-pass filter~
The US has agreed by a treaty with most countries that an amateur who uses
frequencies `below 30 MHz` must have a knowledge of Morse code.  The FCC
requires hams to pass a `Morse code test` of at least 5 words per minute
(WPM), which is element 1A, before transmitting `below 30 MHz`.~
What common connector usually `joins` a `hand held transceiver` to its `antenna`?~
C.F1 region~
How much `electrical current` flowing through the human body is usually
`fatal`?~
C.To the chassis~
A.Use vertical polarization~
If you have a `transmitter and an antenna` which are `50 feet apart`, but are
connected by 200 feet of RG-58 coaxial cable, what should be done to reduce
feed line loss?~
C.Symbol C~
A.See if you can clearly `receive the station` on the repeater's input
frequency~
Just remember that a watt is a measure of power, so a wattmeter measures
power.  A `directional wattmeter` measures power in two directions, `forward
and reflected power` (meaning forward from the transmitter to the antenna
system, and reflected from the antenna system back to the transmitter).~
D.Something is wrong with the repeater~
B.Line-of-sight~
What is the `maximum frequency shift` permitted for `RTTY or data`
transmissions `above 50 MHz`?~
D.Periods of heavy rainfall~
B.Say the station's call sign, then `identify your own station`~
A.They will not be accurate~
According to the `ANSI RF protection guide`, what frequencies cause us the
`greatest risk from RF energy`?~
What is the unlabeled block in `Figure T7-4`?~
A.It causes spurious emissions~
D.RTTY~
D.`56 kilobauds`~
The tolerance of a resistor means how far off its actual value might be
(either plus or minus) from its marked value.  The smaller the tolerance
number, the higher-quality the resistor.  A very `high-quality resistor`
might have a `tolerance rating` of `0.1%`.~
station identification, phone, phonetic alphabet~
A.When sent by agreement of both control operators~
D.It has little or no effect on 80-meter radio waves~
B.Use horizontal polarization~
A.`100 watts continuous`~
C.A low-stability oscillator used to inject a signal into a circuit under
test~
A.A polar air mass~
long-distance radio communications, bending, ionosphere~
C.Donation of amateur equipment~
tune a ferrite-core coil, metal tool, change the coil's inductance~
Most resistors are marked with a color code which shows the `resistor's
value` along with its tolerance value.  The `resistor's color code` is marked
by several colored bands painted around the resistor.~
D.`Between 2 and 3 kHz`~
B.`100 kHz`~
A.One milliwatt~
What `precaution` should you take when leaning `over a power amplifier`?~
B.Test~
A.They keep the general public informed about what is going on~
D.The Department of Defense~
B.A beat-frequency oscillator~
C.In quadrature with the circuit~
C.`E = I x R` [voltage equals current multiplied by resistance]~
C.The electric lines of force of a radio wave are perpendicular to the
earth's surface~
B.`7 watts`~
A.SWR and power~
A.An `unmodulated carrier`~
iron-core inductor, symbol D~
A.`Single-sideband phone`~
A.`Half the value` of one inductor~
3-30 MHz RF power meter, VHF, will not be accurate~
D.`30 to 300 MHz`~
basic unit of inductance, henry~
How do you find a `resistor's tolerance rating`?~
If inductors are `connected in parallel`, their combined inductances will be
less than the value of either inductor.  If `two equal-value inductors` are
`connected in parallel`, then their two equal inductance values would combine
to a value exactly `half the value` of one inductor.~
B.Ionized particle~
`RF radiation` is similar to microwave oven radiation.  If body tissues are
exposed to RF energy, the energy heats the tissue.  Large amounts of RF
energy may cause RF burns.  Of all your body parts, your `eyes` are the `most
likely to be damaged` by `RF radiation`.~
D.A center-fed wire 1/2-electrical wavelength long~
C.Adjusting transmitter impedance-matching networks~
A.The contact is serial number thirty-three~
A.Circular~
If you tune in to a `beacon` station, you can tell how good propagation is
from your location to its location by listening to the quality of its
signal.  This `observation of propagation` is the main reason for having
`beacon` stations on the air.~
B.It is returned to the transmitter's chassis ground~
D.A low-pass filter~
In what frequency range does `sky-wave propagation least often occur`?~
C.A calibrated wavemeter~
A.10 watts~
Since `146.52 MHz` is in the 2-meter band, and since no part of the band has
a special power limit, the `maximum transmitting power` allowed is the same
as on any amateur band, `1500 watts PEP output`.~
C.MCW~
If a repeater is causing harmful `interference` to another repeater and a
frequency coordinator has `NOT recommended either station`, who is primarily
responsible for resolving the interference?~
white wire, power transformer's primary winding that does not have a fuse~
What electromagnetic-wave `polarization` does a `Yagi antenna` have when its
elements are `parallel` to the earth's surface?~
B.`One watt`~
voice emission most used, single-sideband phone~
B.5%~
A.The carrier is not detectable~
B.Pulse modulation~
What do the FCC rules suggest you use as an aid for correct `station
identification` when using `phone`?~
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has studied the effects of
RF energy on the human body.  They publish the `ANSI RF protection guide`
which says `30 to 300 MHz` causes the `greatest risk from RF energy` exposure.
The human body absorbs RF energy the best in this range.~
B.An antenna that cannot send and receive radio energy by skywave or skip
propagation~
B.Because different bandwidths help increase the receiver sensitivity~
A.Plastic and porcelain~
A.The station operator with a lesser class of license must yield the
frequency to a higher class licensee~
B.Long distance toll charges will be avoided~
D.56 kilobauds~
B.There are more repeater operators than simplex operators~
D.To make calls to stores more than 50 miles away~
A.Troposphere~
What is the `maximum authorized bandwidth` of RTTY, data or multiplexed
emissions using an unspecified digital code within the `70 cm` amateur band?~
C.The liver~
maximum usable frequency, radiation, ultraviolet~
2-meter band, image, 144.1 - 148.0 MHz~
D.The `core material`, the core `diameter`, the `length` of the coil and the
`number of turns of wire` used to wind the coil~
Ohm's Law says that voltage = current times resistance (abbreviated E = I
x R).  When voltage and current are known, resistance is calculated by
dividing voltage by current:  R = E / I.  So, if a `12-volt` battery is
supplying a `0.25 ampere` current to a circuit, the circuit's resistance must
be 12 / 0.25, or `48 ohms`.~
If you have an emergency and you need to `interrupt` someone on a repeater `to
signal a distress call`, just `say "BREAK" twice`, then give your call sign.
The word "BREAK" is used twice only `to signal a distress call`.~
The connections between a transmitter and an antenna should have as little
resistance as possible to keep signal loss low.  To keep `resistance at a
minimum`, you should `clean`, `tighten` and `re-solder` your `antenna connectors`
every so often.~
C.As official government messages~
What band conditions might indicate `long-range skip` on the `6-meter and 2-
meter bands`?~
The `minimum class` of license needed to operate a `beacon station` is
`Technician`.  (It makes sense that you need to know this question for the
`Technician` exam, doesn't it?)~
B.`80 watts`~
If you wanted to `calibrate the tuning dial on a receiver`, you would use a
`marker generator`.  This is a high-stability oscillator which generates
signals at exact frequency intervals.  You would tune in one of the signals
on a receiver and adjust the tuning dial to exactly match the signal's
frequency.~
D.An RF amplifier~
What `information` is included in an FCC declaration of a temporary state of
`communication emergency`?~
inductance, core material, diameter, length, number of turns of wire~
What is one meaning of the Q signal "`QSY`"?~
in an emergency, charged batteries~
input/output frequency separation, 1.25-meter band, 1.6 MHz~
B.A closed repeater~
If you have a `Technician` license and you've passed a `Morse code` test,
you're allowed to use CW from `21.1 - 21.2 MHz` in the 15-meter band.  You'd
also be allowed to use `Morse code` in the 80-meter, 40-meter and 10-meter
bands, but the right frequencies aren't listed in this question.~
Remember that power reflected from an antenna system back to a transmitter
subtracts from forward power going to the antenna system.  So, `10 watts
reflected power` must be subtracted from `90 watts forward power`, leaving `80
watts output power`.~
C.An input filter~
A.Four straight, parallel elements in line with each other, each
approximately 1/2-electrical wavelength long~
B.Only when they are not retransmitted through a repeater~
B.See if you can clearly receive the station on a lower frequency band~
large size resistor, instead of a smaller one, greater power dissipation~
When we talk about an antenna's electromagnetic-wave `polarization`, we mean
which way the electric lines of force of its radio energy are pointing.  A
`half-wavelength antenna` sends out radio energy polarized in the same
direction as itself.  When it is `perpendicular` to the ground (`vertical`),
its radio energy is also polarized vertically.~
A.Make sure the door cannot be opened easily~
D.A PL-259 connector~
The `outer atmosphere` nearest space is very thin and is ionized by `solar
radiation`, so it is called the `ionosphere`.  This ionized gas high above the
earth can propagate radio waves by bending them around the Earth.~
frequency standard, calibrate the tuning dial, WWV and WWVH~
A.A contact is confirmed~
Stations in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) are allowed
to have a `RACES drill` on the air to help them practice for a real
emergency.  However, they must `identify messages` used in the drill as `drill
or test messages` so no one thinks a real emergency exists.~
vertical wave polarization, electric lines of force, perpendicular~
A `dummy antenna` is a nonradiating load for a transmitter made up of a
noninductive resistor, usually surrounded by a cooling liquid.  If a `dummy
antenna` is connected to a transmitter's output `in place of an antenna` when
making adjustments, it won't cause interference on the air because `no
signal is radiated`.~
VHF radio waves, propagated several hundred miles, temperature inversion~
may not be transmitted, broadcasts, general public~
D.Extra, Advanced only~
Where should an `RF wattmeter` be `connected` for the most accurate readings of
transmitter output power?~
lowest loss at UHF, type-N connector~
What is the name for `unmodulated carrier wave` emissions?~
distress call, operating CW, SOS~
A.As emergency messages~
below 30 MHz, Morse code test~
D.The Federal Communications Commission~
Why is it a good idea to have a way to `operate` your amateur station `without
using commercial AC power` lines?~
A.4 A~
3-30 MHz SWR meter, VHF, may be accurate~
A `Yagi` has at least `two` `straight elements`, a driven element and a
reflector, `in line` with each other.  Usually a few straight, parallel
director elements are also added `in line` too.  Radio energy is sent by the
driven element in two directions, but energy going to the reflector is
reflected back the other way.  Directors focus the now one-way energy.~
C.To test the amplitude linearity of a transmitter~
How is a `voltmeter` usually `connected` to a circuit under test?~
D.`Change frequencies`; you may be causing harmful interference to the
other station, in violation of FCC rules~
B.Make sure that the power interlock switch is bypassed so you can test
the amplifier~
D.`Voltage`, `current` and `resistance`~
D.The value of one inductor times the value of the other~
If a `4800-ohm` resistor is connected to `120 volts`, how much current will
flow through it?~
D.Phone~
magnetic-base whip, on the roof of a car, ground plane~
B.A high-pass filter~
What minimum rating should a `dummy antenna` have for use with a `100-watt
single-sideband phone` transmitter?~
A.Because it stores electric current~
B.Between 5 and 10 kHz~
D.RG-174~
Ohm's Law says that voltage = current times resistance (abbreviated E = I
x R).  When voltage and resistance are known, current is calculated by
dividing voltage by resistance:  I = E / R.  So, if a `48000-ohm` resistor is
connected to `120 volts`, the current flow will be 120 / 48000 or 0.0025
amperes (`2.5 mA`).~
C.Symbol C~
What is the most important accessory to have for a hand held radio `in an
emergency`?~
D.Ducting~
A.An antenna where some elements obtain their `radio energy` by `induction`
or `radiation` from a driven element~
If you are transmitting RTTY or packet messages `between 28 and 50 MHz`
(which is really just the 10-meter band), the `maximum symbol rate` you may
use is `1200 bauds`.  This is usually controlled by the settings of your
packet system's terminal node controller (TNC).~
several IF filters, some emission types need a wider bandwidth~
What is the purpose of the `ANSI RF protection guide`?~
What device can `measure an impedance mismatch` in your antenna system?~
D.To reduce skin effect~
C.Just after dusk~
What is an `inductor core`?~
B.RTTY~
If a `12-volt` battery supplies `0.15 ampere` to a circuit, what is the
circuit's resistance?~
B.A `nonradiating load` for a transmitter~
B.Because it stores radio waves~
C.`Never`; `profane words` are prohibited in amateur transmissions~
C.An antenna system made of three vertical antennas, arranged in a
triangular shape~
magnetic-base whip, radio energy, all horizontal directions~
B.CW, FM voice, RTTY, SSB voice~
fourth color band, resistance tolerance in percent~
B.`Midday`~
What type of `messages` concerning a person's `well-being` are sent into or out
of a disaster area?~
223.50 MHz, Novice~
A.Only when they do not cause interference to other communications~
D.There is no grace period~
B.Extra, Advanced, General, `Technician` only~
D.QRT?~
maximum usable frequency, highest frequency, reach its intended destination~
C.CW~
D.The electric and magnetic lines of force of a radio wave are
perpendicular to the earth's surface~
The wires in a three-wire AC line cord are color coded for safety.  The
black (or red) wire goes to the fuse, the white wire goes to the power
transformer's primary winding that does not have a fuse, and the `green wire`
goes `to the chassis` for a ground.~
electrical safety requirements, National Electrical Code~
D.A binding post connector~
two equal-value capacitors, connected in parallel, twice the value~
B.The `resistance tolerance in percent`~
What device is used `in place of an antenna` during transmitter tests so that
`no signal is radiated`?~
If you wanted to use your amateur station to `retransmit` communications
between a `space shuttle` and its associated Earth stations, what agency must
first give its approval?~
D.`Say your call sign` during a break between transmissions~
feed line, signal loss, increases as length increases~
A.By using a voltmeter~
B.`1200 bauds`~
When we talk about electromagnetic-wave `polarization`, we mean which way a
wave's electric lines of force are pointing.  Most `man-made electrical
noise` comes from sources which have `vertical` polarization, so a
horizontally polarized antenna would pick up less of this noise.~
two, straight elements, in line, Yagi~
What is the `maximum symbol rate` permitted for RTTY or data transmissions
`above 222 MHz`?~
C.The F1 region~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  The electrons are forced through the `resistance` of the circuit by
a pressure called voltage.  Resistance `opposes the flow of electrons`.  If
`resistance` goes up, less current flows unless the voltage goes up also.~
If a `12-volt` battery supplies `0.25 ampere` to a circuit, what is the
circuit's resistance?~
The wires in a three-wire AC line cord are color coded for safety.  The
`black (or red) wire` goes `to the fuse`, the white wire goes to the power
transformer's primary winding that does not have a fuse, and the green wire
goes to the chassis for a ground.~
A.A field-strength meter~
D.To allow antenna tuning without causing interference~
If a `48000-ohm` resistor is connected to `120 volts`, how much current will
flow through it?~
D.It disappears~
B.A variable-frequency oscillator~
maximum symbol rate, between 28 and 50 MHz, 1200 bauds~
A.A wavemeter~
A.A stable `high-pressure system`~
A.Symbol A~
D.`Symbol D`~
C.Single-sideband, suppressed-carrier phone~
The D region of the ionosphere will `absorb radio waves` best during the
daytime.  The `ionization of the D region` is caused by the sun and is the
highest during daylight hours.  Just remember that the D region in the
daytime causes disappearing signals.~
D.RTTY~
time out, longer than the repeater allows~
A.It stores a charge electrochemically and opposes a change in current~
B.What is your 20~
What is the `fastest code speed` a repeater may use for `automatic
identification`?~
48000-ohm, 12 volts, 250 uA~
B.Say "HELP" as many times as it takes to get someone to answer~
B.Horizontal~
ducting, troposphere~
B.The farad~
D.Mount the antenna close to the ground~
D.The F region~
B.Make sure something is placed in front of the door so no one will be
able to get to it easily~
A `reactance modulator` works by changing the inductance or capacitance of an
RF circuit in time with the changes of an audio signal (such as a voice).
If the circuit is an RF amplifier connected to an RF oscillator, a `phase-
modulated phone` emission is produced.~
A.Notify the FCC's regional Engineer in Charge of the interference~
C.The licensee of the repeater which has been in operation for the
shortest period of time~
A.What is your QTH~
C.In series with just the red wire~
D.80 to 120 ohms~
C.R = I x E [resistance equals current multiplied by voltage]~
What is another name for a `constant-amplitude radio-frequency signal`?~
inductor, toroidal core, symbol D~
Most resistors are marked with a color code which shows the value of the
resistor in ohms and its tolerance.  The first three color bands painted
around the resistor show its resistance, and the `fourth color band` shows
its `resistance tolerance in percent`.~
Remember that a repeater is a good way for a ham to get emergency help, but
it only lets one person talk at a time.  If you're `using a repeater` to talk
to someone, a quick way to tell if you could use `simplex instead` of the
repeater is to listen for them on the repeater's input frequency.  If you
can clearly `receive the station`, then you can use simplex.~
A.By sky wave~
B.Signals from `WWV and WWVH`~
Since most amateur transmitters are designed for a `line impedance` of `50
ohms` and feed a coaxial cable with `50 ohms` impedance, most `RF wattmeters`
are built for a `line impedance` of `50 ohms`.~
B.Use the repeater until told not to~
B.They are absorbed by the ionosphere~
available for anyone, open repeater~
B.The speed of the winds in the upper atmosphere~
C.Above 1500 MHz~
Sometimes repeaters are set up to add a "bleep" (a `courtesy tone`) after
someone finishes transmitting.  If you're listening to someone talking on
a repeater and you hear the `courtesy tone`, you'll know their `transmission
is complete` and you may talk.~
bandwidth, frequency-modulated, between 10 and 20 kHz~
Ohm's Law says that voltage = current times resistance (abbreviated E = I
x R).  When voltage and resistance are known, current is calculated by
dividing voltage by resistance:  I = E / R.  So, if a `4800-ohm` resistor is
connected to `120 volts`, the current flow will be 120 / 4800 or 0.025
amperes (`25 mA`).~
As you might expect, a `band-pass filter` is designed to let only one band of
frequencies pass through it.  It is used to `block energy outside a certain
frequency range`, such as in the IF (intermediate frequency) section of a
receiver where only one band of frequencies is wanted.~
Which `body organ` can be fatally affected by a very small amount of
`electrical current`?~
D.The `SWR may be too high`, or the `feed line loss may be high`~
A.Half the value of one inductor~
A.F2~
current, calculated, voltage and resistance are known, I = E / R~
Absorbing radio signals is what the `D region` of the ionosphere does best
during the daytime.  `Long wavelength` radio signals can't travel very far
without disappearing because of this `ionospheric absorption`.  Just remember
that the `D region` in the daytime causes disappearing signals.~
If a `4800-ohm` resistor is connected to `12 volts`, how much current will flow
through it?~
A.Inside the cabinet, to kill the power if the cabinet is opened~
A.A `high-stability oscillator` that generates reference signals at `exact
frequency intervals`~
What does `maximum usable frequency` mean?~
B.50 kHz~
What device produces a `stable`, `low-level signal` that can be `set to a
desired frequency`?~
A.10 watts PEP output~
C.Frequency-modulated telephony~
B.At the final amplifier input terminals inside the transmitter or
amplifier~
The `outer atmosphere` nearest space is very thin and is ionized by the sun,
so it is called the `ionosphere`.  This ionized gas high above the earth can
`propagate radio waves` by bending them around the Earth.  Because of the
`ionosphere`, long-distance radio communications are possible.~
B.A `detector`~
C.The bandwidth of your signal is 20 decibels above linearity~
A.At the `antenna feed point`~
C.Any frequency above 10 MHz~
What effect does the `D region` of the ionosphere have on lower-frequency HF
signals in the `daytime`?~
C.It garbles the signal~
B.The metal tool can become magnetized so much that you might not be able
to remove it from the coil~
C.So you may operate in contests where AC power is not allowed~
Sending `indecent words` over the air is prohibited, forbidden, outlawed,
improper and illegal.  It's against the rules and is `never` allowed.~
What is the usual `input/output frequency separation` for repeaters in the
`70-centimeter band`?~
B.E region~
B.A delta loop~
C.A sideband carrier~
A.SW~
How is an `ammeter` usually `connected` to a circuit under test?~
B.A delta loop~
D.An air-core coil~
E region, most ionized, midday~
The tolerance of a resistor means how far off its actual value might be
(either plus or minus) from its marked value.  The larger the tolerance
number, the lower-quality the resistor.  A `low-quality resistor` might have
a `tolerance rating` of `20%`.~
maximum transmitting power, 146.52 MHz, 1500 watts PEP output~
cubical quad, parallel four-sided wire loops, one-electrical wavelength~
What are the `station identification` requirements for an amateur `transmitter`
used for telecommand (control) of `model craft`?~
C.500 watts PEP output~
The sun's radiation causes ionization of the `ionosphere`.  Once the sun goes
down, ionization decreases all night long until the sun returns the next
day.  So, the `ionosphere` is `least ionized` just `before dawn`.~
interference, minimized, dummy load~
B.To help mobile and low-power stations `extend` their `usable range`~
C.Insulating material placed between the wires of a transformer~
D.A low-pass filter~
common resistor types, film, wire-wound~
B.The licensee of the repeater which has been in operation for the
longest period of time~
A.A delta loop antenna~
B.A tight coil of wire used in a transformer~
dummy antenna, nonradiating load~
What is the usual `input/output frequency separation` for repeaters in the
`1.25-meter band`?~
At what `line impedance` do most `RF wattmeters` usually operate?~
D.`1500 watts PEP output`~
D.`Strong signals` on the `10-meter band` from stations about 500-600 miles
away~
If warm, dry air in the lower atmosphere (the `troposphere`) moves over cold,
moist air, sometimes a "waveguide" for VHF and UHF signals is created which
propagates the signals hundreds or thousands of miles farther than normal.
This is called `ducting`.~
frequency is in use, on CW, QRL~
A.The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)~
pause briefly, listen, break in~
A.Signal range will be increased~
C.A `phonetic alphabet`~
A.It lists all RF frequency allocations for interference protection~
B.Temperature changes ionizing the outer atmosphere~
A.The weather below the ionosphere~
D.The `D region`~
A.Admittance~
C.Brief transmissions to make adjustments to the station~
D.By geometric wave~
C.`Between 10 and 20 kHz`~
A.An F-type cable connector~
A.An antenna which sends and receives radio energy equally well in all
directions~
interference, recommended, both stations, both repeater licensees~
unlicensed third party, monitor and supervise~
How is `tone-modulated Morse code` produced?~
A.Extra, Advanced, General, Technician, Novice~
operate, without using commercial AC power, an emergency~
C.Resistance~
C.The highest frequency signal that is most absorbed by the ionosphere~
ANSI RF protection guide, greatest risk from RF energy, 30 to 300 MHz~
D.It `opposes the flow of electrons`~
voltage, calculated, current and resistance are known, E = I x R~
RF signal generator, aligning tuned circuits~
An `unbalanced feed line` has one conductor connected to ground, such as
coaxial cable.  If a `balanced antenna`, such as a dipole, must be connected
to an `unbalanced feed line`, a `balun` may be used to electrically separate
the antenna from the ground connection.~
C.A contact is ending~
The ionospheric region which is the `least useful` is the `D region`.  During
the daytime, the `D region` absorbs radio signals so much that the longer-
wavelength bands can't be used for `long-distance` communications.~
A `skip zone` is an area around a station which is too far away for ground-
wave signals to be heard, and too close for sky-wave signals to be bent
back.  If `two stations` are `within` each other's `skip zone`, they could use
`scatter-mode` propagation to communicate, but the received signals would
probably be weak.~
A.The `D region`~
resistance, calculated, voltage and current are known, R = E / I~
C.It has `high-fidelity audio` which can be understood `even when the signal
is somewhat weak`~
A.An AGC circuit~
constant-amplitude, radio-frequency signal, RF carrier~
Under the right conditions, as little as `1/500 of an ampere` (2 ma) is
enough `electrical current` to be `painful`.  Be careful when working near
electricity.  Your heart is the most important part of your body to protect
from `electrical current`.~
Under the right conditions, as little as `1/10 of an ampere` (100 ma) is
enough `electrical current` to cause a `fatal` electrical shock.  Be careful
when working near electricity.  Your heart is the most important part of
your body to protect from `electrical current`.~
A.Any amount agreed upon in advance~
D.The location at which the `control operator` function is performed~
If you are using a `language` besides English to make a contact, what
`language` must you use when `identifying your station`?~
B.The Proceedings of the IEEE~
resistance, opposes the flow of electrons~
C.To transmit signals for observing propagation and reception~
A.The `material` between the plates, the `area` of one side of one plate, the
`number of plates` and the `spacing` between the plates~
D.A private repeater~
B.Sky-wave~
A.Dusk~
voltage and current, calculate, resistance, Ohm's law~
D.300 bauds~
B.The office of your local FCC Engineer In Charge (EIC)~
C.HF~
B.300 to 3000 MHz~
Sending `profane words` over the air is prohibited, forbidden, outlawed,
improper and illegal.  It's against the rules and is `never` allowed.~
radio energy, poor quality coaxial cable, converted to heat~
C.10 years~
D.An amateur license never needs changing or renewing~
long-range skip, 6-meter and 2-meter bands, strong signals, 10-meter band~
A.Noise on the 80-meter band~
When sending packet messages on the `2-meter band`, you must transmit at no
more than the `maximum symbol rate` of `19.6 kilobauds`.  Your terminal node
controller (TNC) will usually control this setting.~
full quieting, overcome all receiver noise~
What is the `maximum symbol rate` permitted for packet transmissions on the
`10-meter band`?~
delta loop, triangular elements~
A.Say what your receiver's S-meter reads~
The ionosphere has several layers, but the `ionospheric region` which is
`closest to the earth` is the `D region`.  During the daytime, the `D region`
absorbs radio signals so much that the longer-wavelength bands may be used
only for short distances.~
D.A binding post connector~
maximum frequency shift, RTTY or data, below 50 MHz, 1 kHz~
D.They increase goodwill between amateurs~
Whenever you're measuring voltage with a `voltmeter`, it should be `connected`
`in parallel` with the circuit you are measuring.  That way the `voltmeter`
will measure the actual voltage that is passing through the circuit.~
The `National Electrical Code` is a book of standard `electrical safety
requirements` for all kinds of electrical wiring, including amateur
antennas.  Although the Code is not a set of laws which must be obeyed,
most cities use it when they write their own electrical safety regulations.~
B.To reach for pencil and paper for third-party communications~
A.`2 years`~
D.Three watts~
If a disaster strikes somewhere, the FCC may declare a temporary state of
`communication emergency` in the area.  They may also give `information` about
any `special conditions` and `rules` for communications which must be obeyed
during the `communication emergency`.~
B.I = R / E [current equals resistance divided by voltage]~
B.A low-stability oscillator that "sweeps" through a range of frequencies~
A `ground plane` antenna is made up of a vertical radiating element and a
grounded horizontal plane.  When a `magnetic-base whip` antenna is placed `on
the roof of a car`, the whip becomes the vertical radiating element and the
car's metal roof becomes the grounded horizontal plane, making a `ground
plane` antenna.~
When you're measuring transmitter power output, the `RF wattmeter` should be
`connected` as close as possible to the transmitter so no energy is lost
between the two.  The best place to do this is at the `transmitter output
connector`.~
C.`1.6 MHz`~
ionosphere, outer atmosphere, propagate radio waves~
B.Extra, Advanced, General, Technician only~
indecent words, never~
How is a `marker generator` used?~
What circuit has a `variable-frequency oscillator` connected to a driver and
a power amplifier?~
resistor's tolerance rating, resistor's color code~
The sun's radiation causes ionization of the `ionosphere`.  Once the sun
comes up in the morning, ionization increases until the sun is high
overhead.  So, at `midday` the `ionosphere` is the `most ionized`.~
What document is used by almost every US city as the basis for `electrical
safety requirements` for power wiring and antennas?~
If you send a steady signal with your transceiver in transmit mode, but you
don't speak into its microphone or use on/off keying (Morse code), the
`unmodulated carrier wave` it will send out is called a `test` signal.~
Which region of the ionosphere is the `least useful` for `long-distance` radio
wave propagation?~
C.Most transmissions in this range are for a longer time~
How would you modulate a 2-meter FM transceiver to produce `packet-radio
emissions`?~
What is the term for the `average power` supplied to an antenna transmission
line during one RF cycle at the crest of the `modulation envelope`?~
A.The Code of Federal Regulations~
D.Its RF carrier stays on frequency better than the AM modes~
C.Amateurs are allowed to use the frequency band only if they do `not
cause harmful interference` to primary users~
A `crystal calibrator` generates a `frequency calibration signal` for a
receiver.  You would tune the receiver to the signal from the `crystal
calibrator` and adjust the receiver's tuning dial to exactly match the
signal's frequency.~
B.Because contact might break the feed line~
What causes a repeater to "`time out`"?~
C.The person whose call sign is used for a repeater's identification~
D.300 ohms~
A.80 watts~
A receiver is a sensitive electronic device which picks up radio-frequency
signals and changes them into sound, image or data pulses using a `detector`
circuit.  `All types of receivers` use a `detector`, including radios, TVs,
satellite systems, RTTY systems, packet-radio systems, etc.~
A.Only when they do not cause interference to other communications~
marker generator, calibrate the tuning dial on a receiver~
As an `iron core` is `inserted in a coil`, what happens to the coil's
`inductance`?~
A.The ratio of maximum to minimum inductances on a feed line~
What does `forward power` mean?~
If you operate a radio-controlled `model craft` on the ham bands, you don't
need to identify these transmissions on the air if you put a label on your
`transmitter` with at least the `minimum information` of your `call sign` and
`name and address`.~
C.Turn on an amplifier and override whoever is talking~
The ionosphere bends signals differently depending upon their frequency.
The higher the frequency, the less bending.  Since `sky-wave propagation`
occurs when a signal is bent enough to return back to the earth, it will
`least often occur` on higher-frequency bands, in this case the `VHF` band.~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show an inductor (a coil) as several half-
circles drawn side-by-side (as a picture of the turns of wire in a real
coil).  If a line ending in an arrow is drawn through the coil, this means
it's an `adjustable inductor`, just like `symbol B`.~
If capacitors are `connected in parallel`, their capacitances add together.
So, if `two equal-value capacitors` are `connected in parallel`, then their two
equal capacitance values would add up to `twice the value` of one capacitor.~
C.You must monitor and supervise the communication only if contacts are
made on frequencies below 30 MHz~
When warm, dry air in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) moves over
cold, moist air, sometimes a "waveguide" for VHF and UHF signals is
created, called `tropospheric ducting`.  The `weather condition` which is best
for `tropospheric ducting` is a stable or slow-moving `high pressure system`.~
Which operator licenses authorize privileges on `446.0 MHz`?~
B.To the side of the `power transformer's primary winding that does not
have a fuse`~
D.100 watts~
D.See if a third station can clearly receive both of you~
What is the meaning of: "Your signal is `full quieting`..."?~
D.The resistance material~
B.A certificate from an instructor showing that you have attended a class
in HF communications~
In a DC circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric current.  A
pressure called voltage forces electrons through the `resistance` of the
circuit.  Ohm's Law says that voltage = current times `resistance`
(abbreviated E = I x R).  When `voltage and current are known`, `resistance` is
`calculated` by dividing voltage by current:  `R = E / I`.~
The wires in a three-wire AC line cord are color coded for safety.  The
black (or red) wire goes to the fuse, the `white wire` goes to the `power
transformer's primary winding that does not have a fuse`, and the green wire
goes to the chassis for a ground.~
D.Dawn~
An unchanging RF signal is called an RF carrier.  By itself, it's not too
useful, so it's usually made to carry some type of `modulation` `to send
information` such as a voice.  This is done by `varying a radio wave`.  For
instance if a radio wave's frequency is varied in time with the changes in
an audio signal (a voice), this is called frequency `modulation` (FM).~
A.A calibrated voltmeter~
When may you send `profane words` from your amateur station?~
B.Watch out for loose `jewelry contacting high voltage`~
A.`30 volts`~
directional wattmeter, forward and reflected power~
B.There are fewer transmitters operating in this range~
C.`I = E / R` [current equals voltage divided by resistance]~
C.A low-pass filter~
B.To reduce output power~
A station in `beacon operation` sends out a signal that other people on the
band can hear if propagation is good to the beacon station's location.  If
you ever put a beacon station on the air, you'll have to know that `100
watts` is the most power it can use.~
90 watts forward power, 10 watts reflected power, output power, 80 watts~
C.The `repeater will not be tied up` unnecessarily~
B.Stratosphere~
D.The basic unit of resistance~
On any band, `CW` may always be used for `station identification`, no matter
what kind of station you have, or what emission type you are using.~
A.Because contact might cause a short circuit and damage the transmitter~
If a repeater is causing harmful `interference` to another amateur repeater
and a frequency coordinator has `recommended` the operation of `both stations`,
who is responsible for resolving the interference?~
splatter interference, overmodulation~
B.5 years~
B.`One`~
D.Phase-modulated telephony~
B.Six, but not more than one hour per day~
D.A `reflectometer`~
A.Someone who organizes the assembly of a repeater station~
C.It stores a charge `electromagnetically` and `opposes a change in current`~
If you operate a transmitter to control a `model craft`, the `maximum
transmitter power` it can use is `one watt`.  This isn't as bad as it seems
because `model craft` signals are always used for short-distance work, and a
big signal just isn't needed.~
With automotive wiring (not house wiring!), it's a good idea to put `fuses`
for a `transceiver's DC power cable` `in series` with both the `red and black
wires`.  That way if the starter has a bad ground connection and tries to
draw lots of current through the transceiver's ground connection, the `fuses`
will blow instead of destroying the transceiver.~
A.Symbol A~
C.An antenna where all elements are driven by direct connection to the
feed line~
D.Extra, Advanced only~
In Figure T6-1 which symbol represents an `adjustable inductor`?~
B.Symbol B~
A.`2.5 mA`~
bandwidth, single-sideband, between 2 and 3 kHz~
capacitance of a capacitor, material, area, number of plates, spacing~
C.`Two or more conductive plates` with an `insulating material between` them~
B.Only when they are not retransmitted through a repeater~
What is a repeater called which is `available for anyone` to use?~
D.It produces genetic changes in the tissue~
Electrical energy flowing one way into a `capacitor` is stored.  If the flow
stops, the stored energy can flow the other way.  The energy is stored in
`two or more conductive plates` which are usually very close together but
don't touch each other because of an `insulating material between` them.~
D.Morse code practice~
C.`92 watts`~
D.The metal tool can pick up enough magnetic energy to become a shock
hazard~
D.`In series` with both the `red and black wires`~
QSO, a conversation~
antenna, portable HF, dipole~
What does `standing-wave ratio` mean?~
Why would you use a `dummy antenna`?~
Which `tolerance rating` would a `high-quality resistor` have?~
What other emission does `phase modulation` most `resemble`?~
When we talk about an antenna's electromagnetic-wave `polarization`, we mean
which way the electric lines of force of its radio energy are pointing.  A
`Yagi antenna` sends out radio energy polarized in the same direction as its
elements.  When its elements are `parallel` to the ground (`horizontal`), its
radio energy is also polarized horizontally.~
B.1.8 ohm~
D.Current flow through the human body is never fatal~
B.Their reactance makes them heat up~
C.90 watts~
The highest part of the ionosphere is the `F2 layer`.  Because it is so high
up, `long-distance` communications using `sky-wave` propagation can reach much
farther around the earth than those using any other ionospheric layer.~
B.1200 bauds~
C.A triaxial transformer~
C.`90 to 110 ohms`~
Most RF power meters can measure power only in a certain frequency range.
A `3-30 MHz RF power meter` which is accurate in the HF bands `will not be
accurate` at all if it is used at `VHF` frequencies (30 to 300 MHz).~
A repeater listens for signals on its input frequency and retransmits them
more powerfully on its output frequency.  The difference between the output
and input frequencies, (called the "offset" or the `input/output frequency
separation`), is `600 kHz` for the `2-meter band`.~
B.Both repeater licensees~
The ionosphere bends signals differently depending upon their frequency and
how much `ultraviolet radiation` is received from the sun.  The `maximum
usable frequency` of signals which are bent back to earth changes because
the amount of the sun's `radiation` changes all the time.~
D.It causes interference to other stations near the transmitting
frequency~
As you might expect, you'll want to use a `dummy antenna` rated at `100 watts
continuous` duty for off-the-air testing of a `100-watt single-sideband phone`
transmitter.~
C.To keep them from getting stuck in place~
C.The same as the value of either inductor~
D.A subcarrier~
C.1.6 MHz~
C.The metal tool can pick up enough magnetic energy to become very hot~
If the FCC rules say that the amateur service is a `secondary user` of a
frequency band, and another service is a primary user, what does this mean?~
D.`5.0 MHz`~
Each element of a `cubical quad` antenna is a four-sided square wire loop
about `one-electrical wavelength` long ("quad" means "four-sided" in this
case).  Two or more of these loops are lined up in parallel with each
other, making the antenna look something like a cube.  So, an antenna with
two or more `parallel four-sided wire loops` is called a `cubical quad`.~
B.It stores energy in an electric field~
B.Signal loss `increases as length increases`~
D.Be certain no antenna is attached so that you will not cause any
interference~
D.The splitting of the F region~
B.It transforms a variable voltage into a constant voltage~
measure relative signal strength, S meter~
least useful, long-distance, D region~
two equal-value inductors, connected in series, twice the value~
D.The F2 region~
B.A area between two air masses of different temperature and humidity,
along which radio waves can travel~
How are `VHF signals` propagated within the range of the `visible horizon`?~
B.MF~
tropospheric ducting, VHF~
Why might a `dummy antenna` get `warm when in use`?~
B.A `PL-259 connector`~
Which list of emission types is in order from the `narrowest bandwidth to
the widest` bandwidth?~
A.Dawn~
A.The repeater's output power may ruin your station's receiver~
If you're a `Technician`, you must pass a `Morse code test` before you can use
frequencies `below 30 MHz`.  All you need is a 5 words-per-minute (WPM) `Morse
code test` and the worldwide bands are yours.~
Why do many radio receivers have `several IF filters` of different bandwidths
that can be selected by the operator?~
If a directional RF wattmeter reads `96 watts forward power` and `4 watts
reflected power`, what is the actual transmitter `output power`?~
D.CW, SSB voice, RTTY, FM voice~
C.A single-sideband transmitter~
signal report, repeater, quieting~
C.It stays the same~
B.The `E region`~
A.Connect a terminal-node-controller to interrupt the transceiver's
carrier wave~
C.Attempt to contact the station and request that it stop the
interference~
C.The variable frequency oscillator of a transmitter~
Which of the following one-way communications `may not be transmitted` in the
amateur service?~
A.A local Amateur Radio club~
D.E = P / I [voltage equals power divided by current]~
D.The total bandwidth shall not exceed 10 times that of a CW emission~
If you install a `6-meter Yagi antenna` on a tower `150 feet from your
transmitter`, which of the following feed lines is best?~
B.Tune to a popular amateur net frequency~
C.`Cut off the excess cable`~
fuses, transceiver's DC power cable, in series, red and black wires~
C.If it properly calibrates to full scale in the set position, they may
be accurate~
An `S meter` is used in a receiver to `measure relative signal strength`.  In
other words, it's used to compare the strength of two signals, not to
measure them exactly.  (The "S" in S meter stands for "strength".)~
Why should `simplex` be used where possible, instead of using a repeater?~
A.Circular~
C.Changing the repeater's frequency is `not practical`~
A.Extra, Advanced only~
ionospheric region, closest to the earth, D region~
Be careful here!  `223.50 MHz` is in the `Novice` section of the 1.25-meter
band, so all classes of license may transmit on this frequency.~
D.`Inductance`~
C.`Scatter`~
A.To cut your power bill by using someone else's higher power system~
D.A high-stability oscillator which can produce a wide range of
frequencies and amplitudes~
A.A three-element quad~
The FCC requires your transmitter power to be below certain limits in each
band.  But where is this `power measured`?  At the `antenna terminals`.  (If
you buy a new transceiver, it will have a transmitter power rating which
was measured at its `antenna terminals` by the factory.)~
C.To give comparative signal reports~
A.`Symbol A`~
A.A double-conversion receiver~
`Ohm's Law` describes the mathematical relationship between what three
electrical quantities?~
unbalanced, one conductor connected to ground~
Which `ionospheric region` most affects `sky-wave propagation` on the `6-meter
band`?~
C.Those for which material compensation has been paid to the amateur
operator for delivery into the affected area~
B.The `ionization of the D region`~
B.10 to 100 ohms~
C.Very long-range skip on the 10-meter band~
D.300 bauds~
Why would a `large size resistor` be used `instead of a smaller one` of the
same resistance?~
C.Heart~
maximum symbol rate, 10-meter band, 1200 bauds~
A.Nothing special is needed; all Technicians may use the HF bands at any
time~
B.To reduce low-frequency interference to other amateurs~
A.The Code of Federal Regulations~
D.A `dummy antenna`~
What is the `ionosphere`?~
information, communication emergency, special conditions, rules~
C.The core material, the number of turns used to wind the core and the
frequency of the current through the coil~
The tolerance of a resistor means how far off its actual value might be
(either plus or minus) from its marked value.  A `10% tolerance` in a `100-ohm
resistor` would be calculated by 100 ohms times 10%, or 10 ohms.  100 ohms
minus and plus 10 ohms would be a range of `90 to 110 ohms`.~
A.Nothing special; all users of a frequency band have equal rights to
operate~
A.`Both repeater licensees`~
What is the name for `Morse code` emissions produced by switching a
`transmitter's output on and off`?~
C.The same as the value of either inductor~
HF frequencies can carry signals all around the world, while VHF and UHF
frequencies don't go much beyond a few dozen miles.  So, instead of
"shouting" a message to your next-door neighbor all around the world, to
`minimize interference on HF` you should `use VHF and UHF` frequencies when
you're making `local` contacts.~
C.Station `call sign` and the station licensee's `name and address`~
D.To keep long distance charges down~
identify messages, RACES drill, drill or test messages~
C.It is `converted to heat` in the cable~
The FCC will let you `renew` an expired license for a "`grace period`" of up to
`2 years`.  Let's say your license expires May 1, 2003 and you forget about
it until March 1, 2005.  Since this is just under the `grace period` of `2
years`, you'd be allowed to `renew` your license without taking all the exams
again.~
D.400 A~
C.The same as the value of either capacitor~
A.A sound used to identify the repeater~
A.None~
A.The basic unit of admittance~
You may use `phone` (voice) on almost all of the `6-meter band`.  Any frequency
in the range of `50.1 - 54.0 MHz` may be used for phone, but don't forget to
skip the 0.1 MHz CW-only part of the `6-meter band` from 50.0 to 50.1 MHz.~
If you use a `3-30 MHz SWR meter` for `VHF`, how accurate will its readings be?~
B.`50 ohms`~
Any `two amateur stations` have an `equal right to operate` on any band.  No
amateur station "owns" any frequency.  On the other hand, courtesy says
that if a frequency is busy, you shouldn't demand the right to use the
frequency at the same time.  Just move up or down the band a little.~
A.In series with the circuit~
What is an `unbalanced line`?~
A.`144.1 - 148.0 MHz` only~
When you turn the dial of an ammeter from a lower to a higher range, you
add `resistance in parallel with the meter`.  This causes the `range of an
ammeter` to be `increased` because the parallel resistor uses part of the
current and the meter can measure the rest.~
A.The driven element and any reflectors~
maximum symbol rate, between 50 and 222 MHz, 19.6 kilobauds~
B.An aurora to the north~
Any time you use an `open-wire feed line` you'll want to make sure that no
one can touch it while you're transmitting.  The `high-voltage radio energy`
on the feed line `might burn` someone or cause an electric shock.~
C.25 mA~
B.`Symbol B`~
RF wattmeter, connected, transmitter output connector~
What electromagnetic-wave `polarization` does most `man-made electrical noise`
have in the HF and VHF spectrum?~
B.`R = E / I` [resistance equals voltage divided by current]~
D.Liver~
D.Say "EMERGENCY" three times~
D.Greater than 20 kHz~
D.Amateur Extra~
C.10 watts~
If capacitors are `connected in series`, their combined capacitances will be
less than the value of either capacitor.  If `two equal-value capacitors` are
`connected in series`, then their two equal capacitance values would combine
to a value exactly `half the value` of one capacitor.~
C.`Symbol C`~
henry, basic unit of inductance~
During the daytime, the highest layer of the ionosphere splits into two
sub-regions, called the `F1 and F2` layers.  (The F1 layer is closer to the
earth than the F2 layer.)  `At night` the `F1 and F2` layers `combine` back into
the F layer.~
D.The transmitting antenna is the wrong length~
stable, low-level signal, set to a desired frequency, signal generator~
B.In parallel with the circuit~
If electrical energy flows one way into a capacitor, an `electric field` is
built up around it.  If the electrical energy stops flowing, the `electric
field` flows back through the capacitor as electrical energy flowing the
other way.  All capacitors `store energy` in an `electric field`.  This is
called `capacitance`.~
A.Only when they do not cause interference to other communications~
One type of emission with `high-fidelity audio` and little static is `FM
voice`.  `Even when the signal is somewhat weak` it can be understood clearly.
However, it needs a wide bandwidth, so it's not used below 29 MHz.  Since
VHF/UHF radio communications are far above 29 MHz, `FM voice` is used on
VHF/UHF frequencies for its good qualities.~
D.Iron core and brass core~
If you'd like to join in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)
and take part their `RACES drills`, you must first register with the `civil
defense organization` in your area which supports RACES.~
`Absorbing radio signals` is what the `D region` of the ionosphere does best
during the `daytime`.  Long wavelength radio signals can't travel very far
without disappearing.  Just remember that the `D region` causes disappearing
signals in the `daytime`.~
In Figure T6-1 which symbol represents an `inductor` wound over a `toroidal
core`?~
B.Pulse-modulated phone~
B.146.0 - 148.0 MHz only~
All `beam antennas` have two or more elements, but usually only `one` element
directly sends out radio energy, called a driven element.  `Driven elements`
send out radio energy which is reflected and focused in one direction by
the other elements.  Usually, for simpler antenna design, the number of
`driven elements` is kept to `one` for `beam antennas`.~
D.`Both repeater licensees`~
A.`Twice the value` of one capacitor~
If you let a non-ham (an `unlicensed third party`) use your station to talk
to someone else, you must `monitor and supervise` the communication to make
sure that all the FCC rules are obeyed, such as no profanity, no business
communications, etc.~
C.`English`~
call another station, station's call sign, identify your own station~
A.It `increases`~
How is the `resistance` in a DC circuit `calculated` when the `voltage and
current are known`?~
B.Extra, Advanced, General only~
A.You must give your call sign, followed by any suitable word that
denotes the slant mark and the `identifier "KT"`~
two stations, within, skip zone, scatter-mode~
In Figure T6-1 which symbol represents an `iron-core inductor`?~
A.`Two` or more `straight`, `parallel elements` are fixed `in line` with each
other~
If a signal's frequency is lower than the critical frequency, it can be
bent by the `ionosphere` and return to earth.  If a signal is `higher in
frequency than the critical frequency`, it will be bent a little, but it
will `pass through` the `ionosphere` and go out into space.~
B.A portable amplifier~
Electrical energy flowing one way into a capacitor is stored.  If the flow
stops, the stored energy can flow the other way.  The ability to store this
electrical energy is called capacitance.  The `basic unit of capacitance` is
called the `farad`.~
B.Resistance~
During the `daytime`, the highest layer of the ionosphere splits into `two
sub-regions`, called the `F1 and F2` layers.  (The F1 layer is closer to the
earth than the F2 layer.)  At sunset the `F1 and F2` layers combine back into
the F layer.~
How do you find a `resistor's value`?~
B.Increase your transmitter's power to overcome the interference~
When you get your license it may take you a while to become brave enough to
`call another station` on a repeater.  All you have to do is hold down the
transmit switch, say the other `station's call sign`, `identify your own
station` with your call sign, then let go of the switch and listen.~
C.25 words per minute~
B.A `type-N connector`~
What does `resistance` do in an electric circuit?~
D.By reading its Baudot code~
Which body organ is the `most likely to be damaged` from the heating effects
of `RF radiation`?~
power switch, high-voltage power supply, seen and reached easily~
A.For `off-the-air transmitter testing`~
D.A Zepp antenna~
C.The presence of ionized clouds in the E region~
What happens to `radio energy` when it is sent through a `poor quality coaxial
cable`?~
C.The ITU Radio Regulations~
C.To the chassis~
D.A flexible antenna usually used on hand held transceivers~
D.To dial up the repeater's autopatch~
B.To calibrate the volume control on a receiver~
Although Earth-to-`satellite communications` have been given many frequencies
to use, they may `NOT be used` on `6 meters`.  There's no technical reason why
`6 meters` couldn't be used, it's just that the rules don't allow Earth
stations to send `satellite communications` on this band.~
A.A packet-radio transmitter~
B.The material between the plates, the number of plates and the size of
the wires connected to the plates~
retransmit, space shuttle, National Aeronautics and Space Administration~
A.`Say "BREAK" twice`, then your call sign~
B.Most of it goes in one direction~
D.The value of one inductor times the value of the other~
B.0.5 kHz or the sending speed, in bauds, whichever is greater~
A.`Varying a radio wave` in some way `to send information`~
most likely to be damaged, RF radiation, eyes~
B.Left-hand circular~
`Figure T7-4` is a picture of an FM transmitter, and the unlabeled block is
a `reactance modulator`.  A `reactance modulator` changes (or modulates) a
steady RF signal from a crystal oscillator in time with the changes of an
audio signal.  This modulated signal is then multiplied in frequency and
boosted by a power amplifier for transmission to an antenna.~
A.An `S meter`~
The `type-N connector` is used for high-power RF connections in the VHF/UHF
frequency range.  It is a constant-impedance connector which is
weatherproof and has the `lowest loss at UHF` frequencies of any of the
popular connectors used for amateur work.~
A.Two or more layers of silicon material with an insulating material
between them~
tolerance rating, high-quality resistor, 0.1%~
Figure T7-4, reactance modulator~
B.A crystal-controlled transmitter~
A.Phone~
In an electrical circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  A pressure called voltage forces electrons through the resistance
of the circuit.  `Ohm's Law` says that voltage = current times resistance
(abbreviated E = I x R).  When `voltage and current` are known, `calculate`
`resistance` by dividing voltage by current:  R = E / I.~
A `dummy antenna` is a nonradiating load for a transmitter made up of a
noninductive resistor, usually surrounded by a cooling liquid.  Because a
`dummy antenna` `changes RF energy into heat` instead of radio waves, it will
get `warm when in use`.~
What is one reason for using `tactical call signs` such as "command post" or
"weather center" `during an emergency`?~
What is a `dummy antenna`?~
D.The material between the plates, the area of one plate, the number of
plates and the material used for the protective coating~
A.To reduce RF energy below a cutoff point~
A.Amplitude modulation~
What causes `splatter interference`?~
directional antenna, radio energy, one direction~
B.The power radiated from the top of an antenna system~
A.0.25 ohm~
If you are a `Technician` licensee, what must you have to prove that you are
authorized to use the Novice amateur frequencies `below 30 MHz`?~
D.When a temperature inversion occurs~
A movable ferrite core is put into a coil to `change the coil's inductance`.
To `tune a ferrite-core coil`, the core is moved up or down until the coil
has the right inductance.  If you put a `metal tool` down inside the coil to
move the core, the metal in the tool will `change the coil's inductance` just
like the core and you won't tune the coil right.~
If electrical energy flows one way through an inductor (a coil), a `magnetic
field` is built up around it.  If the electrical energy stops flowing, the
`magnetic field` falls back through the inductor and generates electrical
energy.  All inductors can `store energy` in a `magnetic field`.  This is
called `inductance`.~
D.A radio control station~
A.600 kHz~
`Primary service` stations "own" the bands they are on.  Secondary stations
may use the same band as long as they don't interfere.  If you are on a
band where hams are a secondary service, you must `change frequencies` if a
`primary service` station `causes interference` to your communications.~
C.Only the reflectors (if any)~
C.Say "SOS," then your call sign~
A `ground plane` antenna is `easy to make` using a female coaxial cable
connector and `works well outdoors` because it's so simple.  A 1/4-wavelength
vertical wire is connected to the center conductor and several bent 1/4-
wavelength horizontal wires are attached to the outside of the connector.
The vertical wire is a `non-directional` radiator of energy.~
B.By `direct wave`~
C.Only when they are not retransmitted through a repeater~
C.`Horizontal`~
What is the `basic unit of capacitance`?~
profane words, never~
B.88 watts~
A.Cut off the excess cable so the feed line is an even number of
wavelengths long~
B.In series with just the black wire~
B.A sound used to indicate when a `transmission is complete`~
A `dipole` for a `portable HF` station is a simple `antenna` to make in an
emergency.  Two long wires are connected to each side of a feed line and
are stretched between two tall supports (such as two trees).  A `dipole` is
a quick and easy `antenna` to set up in case of an emergency.~
What causes `tropospheric ducting` of radio waves?~
A.By adding resistance in series with the circuit under test~
A.`Ohm's law`~
C.Properly fill out FCC form 610 and send it to the FCC in Washington, DC~
B.Test~
A Q signal is an abbreviation for several longer words.  If you'd like to
say to someone, "I am going to `change frequency`", you'd send the Q signal
"`QSY`".~
D.It stores a charge electromechanically and opposes a change in voltage~
on/off keyed audio tone, MCW~
D.Microwave~
C.An antenna used as a reference for gain measurements~
B.You must notify the FCC that you intend to operate on the HF bands~
B.The wire used in the winding and the core material~
When transmitting RTTY or packet between `222 to 450 MHz` (the 1.25-meter and
70-centimeter bands), the `maximum authorized bandwidth` is `100 kHz`, no
matter what data code you use.  The bandwidth is controlled by your RTTY or
packet equipment, and it's usually much less than `100 kHz`.~
purpose of repeater operation, extend, usable range~
D.No special proof is required before using the HF bands~
A transmitter sends radio energy through a feed line to an antenna.  If the
antenna's impedance doesn't exactly match the impedance of its feed line,
some of the radio energy sent to the antenna will reflect back down the
feed line.  `Forward power` is the amount of radio energy sent `from the
transmitter to the antenna`, and doesn't count any reflected power.~
What are the `parasitic elements` of a `Yagi` antenna?~
D.146.0 - 147.0 MHz only~
52.525 MHz, Technician~
RACES drills, civil defense organization~
The `visible horizon` for `VHF signals` means the large area around a
transmitting antenna where its signals can be heard directly, without being
reflected, ducted or bent.  `Direct wave` propagation means a signal goes
straight from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna.~
What does a `capacitor` do?~
C.It provides electrons by a chemical reaction~
30 MHz to 300 MHz, ANSI RF protection guide, human body absorbs RF energy~
Which `tolerance rating` would a `low-quality resistor` have?~
transmitting antennas, no one can come near them~
maximum transmitter power, model craft, one watt~
B.The `electric lines of force` of a radio wave are `parallel` to the earth's
surface~
C.Because contact might cause spurious emissions~
If two repeaters use the same frequency, (`one station recommended` by a
frequency coordinator and the other `unrecommended`), and there is
`interference` between the two, the operator of the `unrecommended` repeater is
`responsible` for taking care of the `interference` to the `recommended`
repeater.~
B.It decreases~
local, use VHF and UHF, minimize interference on HF~
dummy antenna, off-the-air transmitter testing~
What does `vertical wave polarization` mean?~
If a `magnetic-base whip` antenna is placed on the roof of a car, in what
direction does it send out `radio energy`?~
What is the condition of the `ionosphere` just `before local sunrise`?~
C.A banana plug connector~
A.90 to 100 ohms~
C.It stays the same~
C.Ampere's law~
driven elements, beam antennas, one~
B.Two or more square or circular loops are fixed in line with each other~
A.An AGC circuit~
D.The ratio of `maximum to minimum voltages` on a feed line~
C.The E region is above the F region~
`52.525 MHz` is in the exciting 6-meter band, but you must have at least a
`Technician` license to use it.  From the highest class of license on down,
only Extra, Advanced, General and `Technician` operators can transmit on
`52.525 MHz.`~
C.For `greater power dissipation`~
Most resistors are marked with a color code which shows the `value of the
resistor` in ohms and its tolerance.  The `first three color bands` painted
around the resistor show its resistance, and the fourth color band shows
its resistance tolerance in percent.~
When using `phone` (voice) for a contact, an international `phonetic alphabet`
is great for `station identification` because it can help the listener
plainly hear your call sign, even under terrible receiving conditions.  For
example, "Whiskey Five Yankee India" spoken clearly is much easier to hear
and understand than the letters "W-5-Y-I".~
C.One-way radio communications, regardless of purpose or content~
C.5 kHz or the sending speed, in bauds, whichever is greater~
C.The power rating in watts~
A.Symbol A~
D.Amateurs must increase transmitter power to overcome any interference
caused by primary users~
standing-wave ratio, maximum to minimum voltages~
What describes a `capacitor`?~
B.500 watts ERP~
A.To help keep their `resistance at a minimum`~
NOT be used, satellite communications, 6 meters~
A.125 milliwatts~
D.In phase with the circuit~
someone is calling you, on CW, QRZ~
D.Kirchoff's law~
C.The `electric lines of force` of a radio wave are `perpendicular` to the
earth's surface~
If `two equal-value inductors` are `connected in parallel`, what is their total
inductance?~
Why should you regularly `clean`, `tighten` and `re-solder` all `antenna
connectors`?~
D.The power used to drive a linear amplifier~
Too much `radio energy` may be lost if a `poor quality coaxial cable` is used
to connect a transmitter to an antenna.  The `radio energy` is lost due to
the resistance of the cable's conductors and leakage currents flowing in
the insulating material between the conductors.  This lost `radio energy` is
`converted to heat` in the cable instead of going to an antenna.~
When we talk about a wave's polarization, we always mean which way its
`electric lines of force` are pointing.  `Vertical wave polarization` means
that the wave's `electric lines of force` are pointing vertically, which
means straight into or `perpendicular` to the surface of the earth.~
On what frequencies within the `6-meter band` may `phone` emissions be
transmitted?~
D.200 watts continuous~
What circuit `blocks RF energy above and below a certain limit`?~
C.Extra, Advanced, General, `Technician` only~
range of an ammeter, increased, resistance in parallel with the meter~
B.The part of a single-sideband signal which is below the carrier
frequency~
48000-ohm, 120 volts, 2.5 mA~
primary service, causes interference, change frequencies~
What is the maximum transmitting power permitted an amateur station in
`beacon operation`?~
connected to a transmitter's output, adjustments, dummy antenna~
A.0.1 kHz or the sending speed, in bauds, whichever is greater~
D.To the white wire~
C.51.0 - 54.0 MHz only~
D.To the black wire~
B.Symbol B~
B.`20 words per minute`~
If `an emergency` knocked out power in your area and you had some way to
`operate` your amateur station `without using commercial AC power`, you would
be able to help in the emergency by providing communications.~
D.One-way or two-way radio communications between two or more stations~
capacitor, two or more conductive plates, insulating material between~
D.Poor carrier suppression~
B.An AF carrier~
maximum authorized bandwidth, 50 to 222 MHz, 20 kHz~
voltmeter, connected, in parallel~
C.4000 mA~
A.It causes radiation poisoning~
C.12 ohms~
Which of these common connectors has the `lowest loss at UHF`?~
capacitor, electrostatically, opposes a change in voltage~
D.Because signals are louder on VHF and UHF frequencies~
opened a VHF power amplifier, amplifier shielding is fastened in place~
C.A cubical quad~
D.A conversation is desired~
Where should the `white wire` in a three-wire AC line cord be connected in a
power supply?~
The `outer atmosphere` nearest space is very thin and is ionized by `solar
radiation`, so it is called the ionosphere.  Of all the different kinds of
`solar radiation`, the sun's `ultraviolet` light is the main reason that the
`outer atmosphere` becomes ionized.~
A Q signal is an abbreviation for several longer words.  If you'd like to
say, "`A conversation` is in progress", you'd send the Q signal "`QSO`".~
C.Several sets of `charged batteries`~
C.Your signal is `readable with considerable difficulty` and `weak in
strength`~
A.The basic unit of resistance~
If you are receiving a `weak and distorted signal` from a distant station on
a frequency close to the maximum usable frequency, what type of propagation
is probably occurring?~
C.Slow-scan phone~
What is a `marker generator`?~
Make sure that the `power switch` of a `high-voltage power supply` can be `seen
and reached easily`.  In case of electrical shock, it's important that the
power is turned off right away.  If the `power switch` cannot be `seen and
reached easily`, it might cost someone their life.~
C.A receiver~
C.Signal loss increases with decreasing frequency~
D.4000 A~
Morse code, transmitter's output on and off, CW~
variable capacitor, symbol C~
What emission type may always be used for `station identification`,
regardless of the transmitting frequency?~
C.Average radio-frequency power~
B.E = R / I [voltage equals resistance divided by current]~
How might you `check the accuracy` of your receiver's `tuning dial`?~
If your license is about to expire, or if you move, you'll want to `renew or
change` your license.  To do this, you must fill out an `FCC Form 610`,
checking the boxes for license renewal or a station location and address
change, then send it to the FCC in `Gettysburg`, PA.~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
D.To test the frequency deviation of a transmitter~
C.150 kHz~
C.A superheterodyne receiver~
What determines the `inductance` of a coil?~
C.An amplitude-modulated carrier~
When is the `ionosphere least ionized`?~
inductor core, magnetic field is concentrated~
C.Lightning between the transmitting and receiving stations~
B.25 mA~
C.At the beginning and end of each transmission~
A handy way to send computer `data` by `packet-radio` emissions has been
invented in the past few years.  A short message (called a packet) is sent
over the air as binary `data` from one terminal-node controller (TNC) to
another.  If the receiving TNC copies the `data` correctly, it sends back a
reply packet which tells the first TNC to send another packet.~
Whenever you change the volume on a radio or TV, you are using a `variable
resistor`.  As the resistor's `slide or contact is moved` by a knob, its
`resistance changes` either up or down.~
The first steps to take to rescue someone being `burned by high voltage` are to
`turn off the power` and `call for emergency help`.  If the person's breathing
or heart has stopped, give CPR until the emergency help comes.~
What is the `minimum voltage` which is usually `dangerous` to humans?~
What is a `directional antenna`?~
C.The power rating in watts~
C.The basic unit of inductance~
C.A power supply circuit~
As an electrical current flows through an inductor (a coil), a magnetic
field is built up.  If the current stops flowing, the magnetic field falls
back through the inductor and generates electrical energy.  An inductor is
designed so the `magnetic field is concentrated` in the `inductor core`.~
D.Because `some emission types need a wider bandwidth` than others to be
received properly~
A.Extra, Advanced, General, Technician, Novice~
green wire, to the chassis~
C.A BNC connector~
With what organization must you register before you can participate in
`RACES drills`?~
What is the `maximum authorized bandwidth` of RTTY, data or multiplexed
emissions using an unspecified digital code within the frequency range of
`222 to 450 MHz`?~
A.The operating desk~
C.To give any listening non-hams a chance to respond~
D.For less impedance in the circuit~
minimum information, transmitter, model craft, call sign, name and address~
D.The `human body absorbs RF energy` the most in this range~
After you have `opened a VHF power amplifier` to make internal tuning
adjustments, what should you do before you turn the amplifier on?~
A.Twice the value of one capacitor~
What does a `directional wattmeter` measure?~
D.Connect a DTMF key pad to the transceiver's microphone input~
C.To `listen` for anyone wanting to `break in`~
variable resistor, resistance changes, slide or contact is moved~
What is an amateur station called which transmits communications for the
purpose of `observation of propagation` and reception?~
What should you do if you discover someone who is being `burned by high
voltage`?~
If you have an emergency and you need to make a `distress call` while
`operating CW`, send the letters "`SOS`" several times.  The letters "`SOS`" are
recognized all over the world as a call for help when `operating CW`.~
What circuit `combines` signals from an `IF amplifier` stage and a `beat-
frequency oscillator` (BFO), to produce an audio signal?~
RF energy, heats the tissue~
A.Atmospheric attenuation is at a maximum~
A.Ducting~
D.A relative signal-strength meter reading is `20 decibels greater than
strength 9`~
When sending RTTY or packet messages `between 50 and 222 MHz` (the 6-meter
and 2-meter bands), you must transmit at no more than the `maximum symbol
rate` of `19.6 kilobauds`.  Your terminal node controller (TNC) will usually
control this setting.~
two equal-value capacitors, connected in series, half the value~
B.Approximately 10 amperes~
If you wanted to calibrate the tuning dial on a receiver, you would use a
`marker generator`.  This is a `high-stability oscillator` which generates
signals at `exact frequency intervals`.  You would tune in one of the signals
on a receiver and adjust the tuning dial to exactly match the signal's
frequency.~
C.Their frequency is changed by the ionosphere to be below the maximum
usable frequency~
If someone says your signal is "`full quieting`", your signal is strong
enough at their location to `overcome all receiver noise` in their equipment.
This means they can hear you perfectly without any background static or
hissing in your signal.~
In Figure T6-1 which symbol represents an `electrolytic capacitor`?~
Any time you put up `transmitting antennas`, you'll want to make sure that `no
one can come near them` when you're on the air.  Touching an antenna while
it is carrying high-power radio energy might cause RF burns or an electric
shock.~
If two repeaters use the same frequency, (`both stations recommended` by a
frequency coordinator), and there is `interference` between the two, then
`both repeater licensees` must work together equally to solve the problem.~
C.HF~
On the `70 cm` band, RTTY or packet signals using experimental digital codes
must stay within the `maximum authorized bandwidth` of `100 kHz`.  Usually the
limit of `100 kHz` is much more than you'd need.~
D.The basic unit of admittance~
A.Resistance, voltage and power~
B.Because greater output power is permitted on VHF and UHF~
If `two equal-value inductors` are `connected in series`, what is their total
inductance?~
measure an impedance mismatch, reflectometer~
B.They will be accurate enough to get by~
D.An oscilloscope~
What is the term for the location at which the `control operator` function is
performed?~
B.Signal loss `increases with increasing frequency`~
D.The F2 region~
If your antenna `feed line gets hot` when you are transmitting, what might
this mean?~
forward power, from the transmitter to the antenna~
D.`Resistance`, `current` and `voltage`~
What is the proper Q signal to use to see if a `frequency is in use` before
transmitting `on CW`?~
If a `disaster` disrupts normal communication systems in an area where the
amateur service is regulated by the FCC, what kinds of `transmissions` may
stations make?~
What are `messages` called which are sent into or out of a disaster area
concerning the `immediate safety of human life`?~
B.`Turn off the power`, `call for emergency help` and give CPR if needed~
146.52 MHz, Technician~
B.`Aligning tuned circuits`~
C.Resistance is reduced in series with the meter~
A.A `beacon`~
B.The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)~
modulation, varying a radio wave, to send information~
B.`A conversation` is in progress~
What is the main component of a `dummy antenna`?~
C.1.6 MHz~
What happens to signals `higher in frequency than the critical frequency`?~
`Ducting` occurs in which region of the atmosphere?~
If a repeater is causing harmful `interference` to another repeater and a
frequency coordinator has `recommended` the operation of `one station` only,
who is `responsible` for resolving the interference?~
A.Thermal~
What is the `control point` of an amateur station?~
As a general rule, the feed line between a `transmitter and an antenna`
should be as short as possible so less signal will be absorbed by the feed
line.  If you have 200 feet of cable running between a `transmitter and an
antenna` only `50 feet apart`, you should `cut off the excess cable` so that
your feed line is only 50 feet long.~
If a directional RF wattmeter reads `90 watts forward power` and `10 watts
reflected power`, what is the actual transmitter `output power`?~
A.3 to 30 MHz~
The human voice is made up of mixed high and low frequencies.  However, a
voice can be easily understood if a `bandwidth` of frequencies `between 2 and
3 kHz` are used instead of all of its frequencies.  A `single-sideband`
transmitter uses only the 2 to 3 kHz `bandwidth` for its signal.~
A.I = R x E [current equals resistance multiplied by voltage]~
D.By using the Baudot code~
C.Eight~
location, repeater, where are you~
marker generator, high-stability oscillator, exact frequency intervals~
C.A `reactance modulator`~
D.Vertical~
If warm, dry air in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) moves over cold,
moist air, sometimes a "waveguide" for `2-meter radio waves` is created.
Signals may be heard hundreds or thousands of miles `farther away` than
normal due to this `tropospheric bending`.~
A.The on/off switch of the transmitter~
A.For better response time~
A.300 bauds~
A.Station call sign~
C.Use simplex on the repeater input until told not to~
When you turn the dial of a voltmeter from a lower to a higher range, you
add `resistance in series with the meter`.  This causes the `range of a
voltmeter` to be `increased` because the series resistor uses part of the
voltage and the meter can measure the rest.~
D.Your antenna's effectiveness will be better tested~
B.Station call sign and the station licensee's name~
C.CW~
B.A local racing organization~
What effect does `tropospheric bending` have on `2-meter radio waves`?~
A.It stores a charge electrostatically and opposes a change in voltage~
C.An overcast of cirriform clouds~
B.1.0 MHz~
This looks difficult, but it's only the FCC's exact definition of how a
transmitter's `average power` is measured.  You can remember this easily if
you notice the word "envelope" from "`modulation envelope`" in the question
matches "`peak envelope power`" in the answer.~
A.A Yagi~
Each terminal of a `wall outlet` is color coded for safety and shows the
`correct wiring polarity`.  The `brass` terminal is for the "hot" wire, the
`silver` terminal is for the "neutral", and sometimes there is a green
terminal for the ground wire.~
B.Cut off the excess cable so the feed line is an odd number of
wavelengths long~
built-in low-pass filter, harmonic radiation~
D.A parabolic dish~
A `directional antenna` is designed to send out `radio energy` mostly in `one
direction`.  Sometimes this is done using reflecting and directing antenna
elements, sometimes with driven elements spaced a certain distance apart,
sometimes with a dish shape, etc., but the idea is to send out `radio energy`
mostly in `one direction`.~
What does `horizontal wave polarization` mean?~
A.Measuring RF signal amplitudes~
interference, recommended, one station, responsible, unrecommended~
Which of the following frequencies may a `Technician` operator who has passed
a `Morse code` test use?~
B.You must monitor and supervise the communication only if contacts are
made in countries which have no third-party communications agreement with
the US~
A Q signal is an abbreviation used `on CW` for several longer words.  If
you'd like to ask, "Is the `frequency is in use`?" when you're `on CW`, you'd
send "`QRL`?" (with a question mark).  If you then hear someone send back
"`QRL`" without a question mark, that would mean, "Yes, the `frequency is in
use`".~
B.1200 bauds~
What is the `maximum transmitting power` permitted an amateur station on
`146.52 MHz`?~
What electromagnetic-wave `polarization` does a `half-wavelength antenna` have
when it is `perpendicular` to the earth's surface?~
A.Your signal is strong enough to `overcome all receiver noise`~
D.Warn others in your home never to touch the switches, even in an
emergency~
In a `parasitic beam antenna`, a driven element sends out `radio energy` which
is picked up by `induction` or `radiation` by other antenna elements which are
not connected to the feed line, called parasitic elements.  The parasitic
elements reflect and focus `radio energy` in one direction, like a flashlight
beam, so the antenna is called a `parasitic beam antenna`.~
A.300 bauds~
If you are operating simplex on a `repeater` frequency, why would it be good
amateur practice to `change to another frequency`?~
What is a `cubical quad` antenna?~
C.A `noninductive resistor`~
C.An auxiliary station~
`Splatter interference` on nearby frequencies may be caused if too much audio
signal is put into a transmitter, called `overmodulation`.  If you transmit
with your microphone gain set too high, the loudest sounds of your speech
will cause your signal to spread out too much beyond your operating
frequency and cause `splatter interference` to other stations.~
For RF safety, what is the best thing to do with your `transmitting
antennas`?~
A repeater listens for signals on its input frequency and retransmits them
more powerfully on its output frequency.  The difference between the output
and input frequencies, (called the "offset" or the `input/output frequency
separation`), is `5.0 MHz` for the `70-centimeter band`.~
A.The power traveling `from the transmitter to the antenna`~
B.Twice the value of one inductor~
What does a `variable resistor` or potentiometer do?~
What is one meaning of the Q signal "`QSO`"?~
A.The metal tool can `change the coil's inductance` and cause you to tune
the coil incorrectly~
A.Troposphere and stratosphere~
resistor's value, resistor's color code~
The frequency of `446.0 MHz` in the 23-centimeter band may only be used by
Extra, Advanced, General and `Technician` operators.  After 2-meters, it's
the second most popular band for talking to nearby hams.~
A `repeater frequency coordinator` keeps track of all the repeaters in an
area.  To keep them from interfering from each other as much as possible,
a coordinator `recommends frequencies` for each repeater's input and output
channels.~
What is the unlabeled block in `Figure T7-2`?~
A.E and F1~
How can the `range of an ammeter` be `increased`?~
What is the name of the `voice emission` most used on `VHF/UHF repeaters`?~
C.Anywhere that can be `seen and reached easily`~
What is `RTTY`?~
interrupt, to signal a distress call, say "BREAK" twice~
power measured, antenna terminals~
If you transmit RTTY or packet in the bands `above 222 MHz` (the 1.25-meter
band and up), you'll be able to use the largest `maximum symbol rate` that
amateurs are allowed, `56 kilobauds`.  However, not too many terminal node
controllers (TNCs) can go this fast!~
In case of electrical shock, it's important that everyone in your home
knows `how to shut off the electricity` from the `main electrical box`.  If you
follow this `safety rule` it might save someone's life!~
In a DC circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric `current`.  A
pressure called voltage forces electrons through the resistance of the
circuit.  Ohm's Law says that voltage = `current` times resistance
(abbreviated E = I x R).  When `voltage and resistance are known`, `current` is
`calculated` by dividing voltage by resistance:  `I = E / R`.~
C.Two watts~
break into a conversation, say your call sign~
C.A cubical quad~
B.`25 mA`~
What type of filter is used in the IF section of receivers to `block energy
outside a certain frequency range`?~
C.Its `resistance changes` when its `slide or contact is moved`~
C.At the `antenna terminals` of the transmitter or amplifier~
B.By adding resistance in parallel with the circuit under test~
Sometimes patches of the E region of the ionosphere are ionized enough to
propagate signals in the `10-meter band` (and above) for several hundred
miles.  If `strong signals` are heard on the `10-meter band` from 500 to 600
miles away, this can mean that `long-range skip` may be occurring on the `6-
meter and 2-meter bands`.~
Instead of perfectly bending a signal back to earth, the ionosphere will
sometimes `scatter` a signal around a wide area.  If part of this area is
outside the signal's ground wave range but inside its sky-wave range (in a
skip zone), a `weak and distorted signal` can sometimes be heard from the
`scatter` propagation.~
What is the maximum number of `hours allowed per week` for `RACES drills`?~
C.70 centimeters~
C.40 A~
B.An RST meter~
The FCC rules for amateur radio say that reading the news, playing music,
making announcements, etc. `may not be transmitted`.  These kinds of things
are `broadcasts` for the `general public` and are not allowed in amateur radio.~
A.A list of organizations authorized to use radio communications in the
affected area~
C.Both station operators have an `equal right to operate` on the frequency~
The most `common resistor types` are carbon composition, `wire wound`, and
`film`.  Carbon composition resistors cost the least, but they change value
when they get hot.  `Wire wound` resistors handle high power.  Carbon or
metal `film` resistors don't change value much and have no inductance.~
Resistors are designed to resist current flow.  `Resistors sometimes get hot`
when a current of `electrical energy` flows through them.  This energy is
`lost as heat`.  The more `electrical energy` lost, the hotter a resistor gets.~
non-directional, easy to make, works well outdoors, ground plane~
B.An unstable low-pressure system~
B.`Frequency-shift-keyed telegraphy`~
limiter, frequency discriminator, FM receiver~
C.A superheterodyne receiver~
B.`Twice the value` of one inductor~
B.Your signal has no spurious sounds~
C.They are not allowed under any circumstances~
C.1000 volts~
C.`1 kHz`~
96 watts forward power, 4 watts reflected power, output power, 92 watts~
`WWV and WWVH` are radio stations which broadcast on exact frequencies.  You
can use their signals as a `frequency standard` to `calibrate the tuning dial`
of a receiver.  Just tune in WWV at, say, 10 MHz.  If your tuning dial says
10.037 MHz, you know it's set 0.037 MHz (37 kHz) too high.~
What is meant by the `upper-sideband (USB)`?~
D.Most of it is aimed high into the air~
D.50 kHz~
FM voice, high-fidelity audio, even when the signal is somewhat weak~
B.The ratio of maximum to minimum resistances on a feed line~
D.20%~
What is the proper Q signal to use to ask if `someone is calling you on CW`?~
A.Run from the area so you won't be burned too~
What do the `first three color bands` on a resistor indicate?~
A.A packet-radio transmitter~
B.250 mA~
If your `feed line gets hot` when you transmit, it means too much RF energy
is being lost somehow.  Your `SWR may be too high` if your transceiver, feed
line and antenna don't have matching impedances, or your `feed line loss may
be high` if you've used the wrong type or poor-quality coaxial cable.~
An RF `signal generator` may be used to align tuned circuits, such as those
in a receiver.  This requires a `low-level signal` which is very `stable` and
can be `set to a desired frequency`, the kind of signal that an RF `signal
generator` produces.~
If you know the `voltage and current` supplied to a circuit, what formula
would you use to `calculate` the circuit's `resistance`?~
A.LF~
C.`21.1 - 21.2 MHz`~
Which two daytime ionospheric regions `combine` into one region `at night`?~
C.The licensee of the recommended repeater~
ionosphere, solar radiation, outer atmosphere~
B.A quad antenna~
D.Watch out for sharp edges which may snag your clothing~
D.It reverses the sideband of the signal~
C.Increasing the power of a transmitter~
What determines the `capacitance of a capacitor`?~
Electrical energy flowing into a `capacitor` is stored `electrostatically` in
two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material.  One
plate loses electrons and the other plate gains electrons.  This
electrostatic charge `opposes a change in voltage`.~
A.When tropospheric ducting occurs~
If electrical current flows one way through an inductor (a coil), it stores
energy in a magnetic field around the inductor.  If the current stops,
electrical energy is generated from the magnetic field.  The ability to
generate this electrical energy is called inductance.  The `basic unit of
inductance` is called the `henry`.~
There are several kinds of `messages` (called traffic) which may be sent into
or out of a disaster area:  Emergency traffic, priority traffic, `health and
welfare traffic`, and routine traffic.  `Messages` asking about someone's
`well-being` are called `health and welfare traffic`.~
B.An ammeter~
C.One-half wavelength from the transmitter output~
What is the ability to `store energy` in an `electric field` called?~
In a DC circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric current.  A
pressure called `voltage` forces electrons through the resistance of the
circuit.  Ohm's Law says that `voltage` = current times resistance
(abbreviated E = I x R).  When `current and resistance are known`, `voltage` is
`calculated` by multiplying current by resistance:  `E = I x R`.~
station identification, transmitter, model craft, name, address, call sign~
The name `RTTY` stands for "radio teletype", which is a way to send printed
messages by direct-printing telegraphy.  As letters on a keyboard are
typed, they are changed into a binary code, sent over the air by `frequency-
shift-keyed telegraphy` of a narrow-band RF signal, and are decoded back
into printed letters by another `RTTY` station.~
How do you `call another station` on a repeater if you know the `station's
call sign`?~
Why should you `keep transmissions short` when using a repeater?~
D.The frequency coordinator~
What is the meaning of: "Your signal report is `three three`..."?~
C.Mount the antennas where `no one can come near them`~
D.The `National Electrical Code`~
grace period, renew, 2 years~
What is the `maximum authorized bandwidth` of RTTY, data or multiplexed
emissions using an unspecified digital code within the frequency range of
`50 to 222 MHz`?~
C.General~
D.Symbol D~
D.I = P / E [current equals power divided by voltage]~
12-volt, 0.25 ampere, 48 ohms~
Signals on the `6-meter band` cut right through the lowest layer of the
ionosphere and are bent mainly by the `ionospheric region` known as the `E
region`.  The `E region` is the closest `ionospheric region` to the earth which
is useful for `sky-wave propagation`.~
A.R = I / E [resistance equals current divided by voltage]~
D.Stratosphere~
What is meant by the term `broadcasting`?~
B.A crystal oscillator~
D.5.0 MHz~
B.3 ohm~
C.Extra, Advanced, General only~
6-meter band, phone, 50.1 - 54.0 MHz~
B.The Proceedings of the IEEE~
The `National Aeronautics and Space Administration` (NASA) is in charge of
the `space shuttle`.  They allow hams to `retransmit space shuttle`
communications over amateur frequencies, but you must ask NASA for approval
first.~
A.Telecommands to model craft~
voice emission, VHF/UHF repeaters, frequency modulated phone~
C.Say "CQ" three times, then say the station's call sign~
If you are a Novice licensee with a Certificate of Successful Completion of
Examination (`CSCE`) `for Technician` privileges, how do you identify your
station when transmitting on `146.34 MHz`?~
What `minimum class` of amateur license must you hold to operate a `beacon
station`?~
What circuit is found in `all types of receivers`?~
Voice signal reports are given with two numbers, readability and signal
strength.  Readability is a number from 1 to 5, (5 is the best).  Signal
strength is a number from 1 to 9, (9 is the best).  So, if your signal
report is `three three`, it means `readable with considerable difficulty` and
`weak in strength`.~
What `weather condition` may cause `tropospheric ducting`?~
If warm, dry air in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) moves over cold,
moist air, this is called a `temperature inversion`.  Sometimes this creates
a "waveguide" for `VHF radio waves` which are `propagated several hundred
miles` farther than normal.~
B.Once every ten minutes, and at the beginning and end of each
transmission~
D.The electric and magnetic lines of force of a radio wave are parallel
to the earth's surface~
ionospheric absorption, long wavelength, D region~
interference, NOT recommended either station, both repeater licensees~
If a `variable-frequency oscillator` is connected to a driver and a power
amplifier, this will make a `VFO-controlled transmitter`.  The `variable-
frequency oscillator` (or VFO) will control the transmitter's frequency
while the driver and power amplifier will boost the transmitted signal
strength.~
D.The American National Standards Institute (`ANSI`)~
If you use a `3-30 MHz RF power meter` for `VHF`, how accurate will its
readings be?~
D.Extra, Advanced, General, Technician, Novice~
What is the `maximum transmitter power` an amateur station is allowed when
used for telecommand (control) of `model craft`?~
If a `radio-frequency signal` is sent without any modulation, the signal will
not change at all (it will be `constant-amplitude`).  This is called an `RF
carrier` signal.  By itself, it's not too useful, so an `RF carrier` is
usually made to carry some type of modulation.~
B.D and E~
B.It stores a charge `electrostatically` and `opposes a change in voltage`~
D.The frequency coordinator~
D.An antenna which sends and receives radio energy equally well in two
opposite directions~
Where should the `green wire` in a three-wire AC line cord be connected in a
power supply?~
B.A crystal-controlled transmitter~
The `control point` is the place where the `control operator` supervises a
station's transmissions.  This could be somewhere far away if the station
is remotely controlled, but wherever the `control operator` is in command,
it's known as the `control point`.~
What is the proper `distress call` to use when `operating CW`?~
B.Connect a `terminal-node-controller` to the transceiver's `microphone
input`~
D.By adding `resistance in parallel with the meter`~
D.The FCC `rules do not specify` a maximum frequency shift above 50 MHz~
C.To better conduct current~
D.An operating schedule for authorized amateur emergency stations~
C.`To the chassis`~
D.An SSB meter~
What `two sub-regions` of ionosphere exist only in the `daytime`?~
B.`Out-of-channel emissions`~
C.Extra, Advanced, General only~
A.They `pass through` the `ionosphere`~
B.The brain~
D.They will be accurate providing the readings are multiplied by 4.5~
D.Wait for a few minutes to see if the person can get away from the high
voltage on their own, then try to help~
C.`100 kHz`~
Voice signal reports are given with two numbers, readability and signal
strength.  Readability is a number from 1 to 5, (5 is the best).  Signal
strength is a number from 1 to 9, (9 is the best).  So, if your signal
report is `five seven`, it means `perfectly readable` and `moderately strong`.~
C.Two or more square or circular loops are stacked inside each other~
D.By adding resistance in parallel with the meter, between the meter and
the circuit under test~
B.141 watts continuous~
Which of the following are `common resistor types`?~
A.`In series with the circuit`~
Not all the bands we hams are allowed to use belong just to the amateur
service.  On some bands, we amateurs are a `secondary user`, which means we
must `not cause harmful interference` to a primary user of the band (usually
we just change frequencies so as not to interfere).  Part 97.303 lists the
bands where hams are the `secondary user`.~
A.Properly fill out `FCC Form 610` and send it to the FCC in `Gettysburg`, PA~
Stations in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) are allowed
to have drills and tests on the air to help them practice for a real
emergency.  However, the most `hours allowed per week` for `RACES drills` is
`one`.~
If you have an emergency and you need to make a `distress call` while
`operating phone`, say the word "`MAYDAY`" several times.  The word "`MAYDAY`" is
recognized all over the world as a call for help when `operating phone`.~
A.An nondirectional transmitting antenna~
D.200 kHz~
C.By using Thevenin's theorem for resistors~
A.Say "break, break 79," then say the station's call sign~
D.You must pass a `Morse code test` (either Element 1A, 1B or 1C)~
B.Q signals~
C.`Midday`~
What is used to `measure relative signal strength` in a receiver?~
D.`VHF`~
If electrical current flows one way through an inductor (a coil), it stores
energy in a magnetic field around the inductor.  If the current stops,
electrical energy is generated from the magnetic field.  The ability to
generate this electrical energy is called inductance.  The `basic unit of
inductance` is called the `henry`.~
electrolytic capacitor, symbol A~
D.52.0 - 54.0 MHz only~
B.Peak output power~
How is the `voltage` in a DC circuit `calculated` when the `current and
resistance are known`?~
C.Tune to one of the frequencies of station `WWV or WWVH`~
adjustable inductor, symbol B~
D.Any `directors` or any `reflectors`~
D.Try to imitate the sound quality you are receiving~
When we talk about a wave's polarization, we always mean which way its
`electric lines of force` are pointing.  `Horizontal wave polarization` means
that the wave's `electric lines of force` are pointing horizontally, or
`parallel` to the surface of the earth.~
If inductors are `connected in series`, their inductances add together.  So,
if `two equal-value inductors` are `connected in series`, then their two equal
inductance values would add up to `twice the value` of one inductor.~
absorbing radio signals, daytime, D region~
A.200 watts PEP output~
C.QRL?~
B.Current, resistance and power~
What is the proper way to ask someone their `location` when using a `repeater`?~
C.A vertical conductor 1/4-electrical wavelength high, fed at the bottom~
polarization, man-made electrical noise, vertical~
B.`Broadcasts` intended for the `general public`~
reflected power, returned to a transmitter from an antenna~
What type of beam antenna uses `two` or more `straight elements` arranged `in
line` with each other?~
If `two equal-value capacitors` are `connected in series`, what is their total
capacitance?~
phase modulation, resemble, frequency modulation~
A repeater (like all other amateur stations) must identify itself when on
the air.  If CW (Morse code) is used for `automatic identification`, the
`fastest code speed` which can be used is `20 words per minute` (WPM).  (Just
remember it's the same code speed, `20 words per minute`, that's needed to
earn an Extra class license.)~
B.A variable-frequency oscillator~
D.Write the FCC and report the closed condition~
B.They are `more efficient` and `help coordinate` public-service
communications~
C.An F-type cable connector~
When may you send `indecent words` from your amateur station?~
iron core, inserted in a coil, inductance, increases~
D.Release of fluorocarbons into the atmosphere~
B.Retransmission by automatic means of programs or signals from non-
amateur stations~
What causes the `ionosphere` to form?~
A.A band-pass filter~
frequency calibration signal, crystal calibrator~
There's no need for abbreviations or special Q signals when you're using a
voice `repeater`.  If you want to ask someone their `location` when you're on
a `repeater`, just say, "`Where are you`?"~
B.Half the value of one capacitor~
C.Resistance and reactance~
B.An iron-core coil~
D.They will be accurate providing the readings are multiplied by 4.5~
Where should the main `power switch` for a `high-voltage power supply` be
located?~
B.The language being used for the contact, providing the US has a third-
party communications agreement with that country~
in place of an antenna, no signal is radiated, dummy antenna~
D.`Frequency modulated phone`~
Remember that current flowing in a series circuit is the same everywhere in
the circuit.  So, if you want to measure current, use an `ammeter` `connected`
`in series with the circuit`.  Since the `ammeter` will be in series, the same
current flowing through the circuit will flow through the `ammeter`.~
C.F1 region~
What `frequency standard` may be used to `calibrate the tuning dial` of a
receiver?~
A.Keying a transmitter too fast~
D.`F2 region`~
D.Use more power~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show an `inductor` (a coil) as several half-
circles drawn side-by-side (as a picture of the turns of wire in a real
coil).  If two solid lines are drawn next to the half-circles, this means
it's an iron-core `inductor`.  Since a coil wound on a `toroidal core` is a
type of iron-core `inductor`, `symbol D` is correct.~
D.A `ground plane`~
A.The magnetic lines of force of a radio wave are parallel to the earth's
surface~
B.Someone who provides advice on what kind of repeater to buy~
A.Signal loss is the same for any frequency~
A coil is a `number of turns of wire` wrapped around a `core material` which
has a certain `length` and `diameter`.  Changing the `core material`, the `number
of turns of wire`, the `length` or the `diameter` of the coil will change its
`inductance` (the ability of the coil to store energy in a magnetic field).~
B.It is more resistant to distortion caused by reflected signals~
An `RF signal generator` may be used when `aligning tuned circuits`, such as
those in a receiver.  This requires a low-level signal which is very
stable, the kind of signal that an `RF signal generator` produces.~
D.The ohm~
C.144.0 - 148.0 MHz only~
What is the `maximum symbol rate` permitted for RTTY or data transmissions
`between 50 and 222 MHz`?~
What circuit uses a `limiter` and a `frequency discriminator` to produce an
audio signal?~
B.Approximately 10 amperes~
What device should be `connected to a transmitter's output` when you are
making transmitter `adjustments`?~
A.1 kHz~
A.The `heart`~
A.Single-sideband phone~
sky-wave propagation, least often occur, VHF~
B.It gives `RF exposure limits` for the human body~
C.A `dipole`~
polarization, Yagi antenna, parallel, horizontal~
A.Take your shoes off~
B.Tesla's law~
Where should a `reflectometer` be connected for `best accuracy` when reading
the impedance match between an antenna and its feed line?~
Technician, Morse code, 21.1 - 21.2 MHz~
two amateur stations, equal right to operate~
Special tones are used by a `terminal-node-controller` to send binary data
over the air.  If the audio output of a `terminal-node-controller` is
connected to the `microphone input` of a transceiver, the tones will be
transmitted instead of a voice.  This is how `packet-radio emissions` are
sent.~
B.The licensee of the repeater which has been recommended the most
recently~
No matter what `language` you're speaking when on the air, when it comes to
`identifying your station`, you must always use the `English language`.~
messages, well-being, health and welfare traffic~
What device can be installed to feed a `balanced antenna` with an `unbalanced
feed line`?~
A.The F2 region~
6-meter Yagi antenna, 150 feet from your transmitter, RG-213~
What document would you use to see if you comply with `standard electrical
safety rules` when building an amateur antenna?~
`WWV and WWVH` are radio stations which broadcast on exact frequencies.  You
can use their signals to `check the accuracy` of a receiver's `tuning dial`.
Just tune in WWV at, say, 10 MHz.  If your `tuning dial` says 10.037 MHz, you
know it's set 0.037 MHz (37 kHz) too high.~
C.The amount of `radiation` received from the sun, mainly `ultraviolet`~
C.Be certain all `amplifier shielding is fastened in place`~
A.A very low pressure area~
A.`0.1%`~
C.Electrolytic and metal-film~
A.A `balun`~
A.Remove all amplifier shielding to ensure maximum cooling~
B.The absence of signals on the 10-meter band~
B.It stores a charge electrochemically and opposes a change in current~
A.MAYDAY~
C.Parabolical~
C.`Ultraviolet`~
Once you have `opened a VHF power amplifier` for any reason, you should never
give it power unless the `amplifier shielding is fastened in place`.  The
human body (especially the eyes) can easily be harmed by RF energy in the
VHF range from an unshielded (open) VHF power amplifier.~
B.Low-power stations~
A.Choose an unoccupied frequency~
From the `narrowest bandwidth to the widest`, `CW` is the narrowest, since it's
just on/off-keyed carrier.  The binary data of `RTTY` needs just a small
frequency shift, so it's next narrowest.  The two voice modes have the
widest bandwidths because a voice has mixed high and low frequencies.
Telephone-quality `SSB voice` is narrower than high-fidelity `FM voice`.~
A.Ground-wave~
C.An autopatch repeater~
D.They absorb magnetic energy which makes them hot~
Which region of the ionosphere is mainly responsible for `absorbing radio
signals` during the `daytime`?~
C.25 A~
A.Inductance~
C.An ionized path in the atmosphere where lightning has struck~
How can on-the-air `interference` be `minimized` during a lengthy transmitter
testing or loading up procedure?~
B.Amateurs are only allowed to use the frequency band during emergencies~
B.To see if the receiving station operator is still awake~
What is a `repeater frequency coordinator`?~
D.Its resistance changes when it is heated~
C.`F1 and F2`~
Instead of switching an RF signal on and off to send Morse code, some
transmitters send an RF signal which is modulated by an `on/off keyed audio
tone`.  This tone-modulated Morse code (called modulated CW, or `MCW`) acts
just like Morse code sent by on/off keying of a transmitter's output.~
C.The `National Electrical Code`~
B.Symbol B~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show a capacitor as a straight line next
to a curved line.  If the symbol is for an `electrolytic capacitor`, the
straight line will have a plus sign drawn next to it to show the
capacitor's polarity.  `Symbol A` shows an `electrolytic capacitor`.~
12-volt, 0.15 ampere, 80 ohms~
Most modern receivers can receive many emission types, such as AM, FM, SSB,
CW, etc.  `Some emission types need a wider bandwidth` than others, so
`several IF filters` are needed for different emissions.  For instance, a
narrow CW filter might have a 250 Hz bandwidth, while 2.4 kHz would be used
for SSB, and somewhere around 12 kHz would be useful for FM.~
A.By feeding a microphone's audio signal into an FM transmitter~
As the plate `area` of a capacitor is `increased`, what happens to its
`capacitance`?~
A.QSL?~
C.100 ohms~
balanced antenna, unbalanced feed line, balun~
B.Two or more `parallel four-sided wire loops`, each approximately `one-
electrical wavelength` long~
B.A large copper ring or wire loop, used in direction finding~
C.Between 3 and 6 kHz~
unmodulated carrier wave, test~
B.RG-58~
A.It decreases~
B.MF~
C.Lightning ionizing the outer atmosphere~
Ohm's Law says that voltage = current times resistance (abbreviated E = I
x R).  When voltage and resistance are known, current is calculated by
dividing voltage by resistance:  I = E / R.  So, if a `48000-ohm` resistor is
connected to `12 volts`, the current flow will be 12 / 48000 or 0.00025
amperes (`250 uA`).~
The sun's radiation causes ionization of the `ionosphere`.  Once the sun goes
down, ionization decreases all night long until the sun returns the next
day.  So, just `before local sunrise`, `ionization is at a minimum`.~
A.13 words per minute~
C.The power produced during the positive half of an RF cycle~
C.See if you can clearly receive a more distant repeater~
Why do modern HF transmitters have a `built-in low-pass filter` in their RF
output circuits?~
D.`Third-party` communications nets~
What organization has published `safety guidelines` for the maximum limits of
`RF energy` near the human body?~
Why should you `pause briefly` between transmissions when using a repeater?~
A.300 kHz~
B.The F1 region~
C.The power produced during the negative half of an RF cycle~
D.40 mA~
B.To indicate `correct wiring polarity`~
A.Feed line with neither conductor connected to ground~
C.Feed line with `one conductor connected to ground`~
C.Symbol C~
B.The magnetic lines of force of a radio wave are perpendicular to the
earth's surface~
tropospheric ducting, temperature inversion~
Why do `resistors sometimes get hot` when in use?~
electrical current, painful, 1/500 of an ampere~
A.A Yagi~
A.`Change frequency`~
joins RG-213 coaxial cable, PL-259 connector~
446.0 MHz, Technician~
joins, hand held transceiver, antenna, BNC connector~
D.An area of the atmosphere where weather takes place~
B.Send more slowly~
A.Your signal is `perfectly readable` and `moderately strong`~
Since an SWR meter measures the ratio of forward and reflected power and
not the actual power itself, a `3-30 MHz SWR meter` `may be accurate` at `VHF`
frequencies (30 to 300 MHz) if it will calibrate to full scale in the "set"
position.~
C.By adding `resistance in series with the meter`, between the meter and
the circuit under test~
parasitic beam antenna, radio energy, induction, radiation~
D.Current flow through the human body is never painful~
What happens inside a `voltmeter` when you switch it from a `lower to a higher`
voltage `range`?~
Be careful when working near electricity!  Your `heart` is the most important
`body organ` to protect from `electrical current`.  It beats in time to a small
electrical signal from your brain.  If your `heart` is exposed to even a
small amount of `electrical current`, it can stop beating.~
first three color bands, value of the resistor~
B.`F1 and F2`~
B.By using the `resistor's color code`~
The person or club in charge of a "closed" repeater may decide to let only
a few amateurs use it, usually those who belong to the club or who pay dues
to help keep it on the air.  If you wanted to `join a closed repeater`,
usually all you have to do is `contact the control operator`, the one whose
call sign is given by the repeater's identification.~
D.`Health and Welfare traffic`~
A.An `open repeater`~
Why is `FM voice` best for local VHF/UHF radio communications?~
join a closed repeater, contact the control operator~
A.A multimeter~
basic unit of capacitance, farad~
A.D region~
Remember that a repeater is a useful way for a ham to get help in an
`emergency`, but it only lets one person talk at a time.  If you `keep
transmissions short` when using a repeater, you'll allow someone with an
`emergency` to break in (interrupt you) more quickly.~
D.Locations are not normally told by radio~
D.It disappears~
D.An antenna made from several triangular coils of wire on an insulating
form~
D.An `FM receiver`~
tone-modulated Morse code, on/off keyed audio tone~
What kind of payment is allowed for `third-party messages` sent by an amateur
station?~
D.QRZ?~
C.The `basic unit of inductance`~
reactance modulator, phase-modulated phone~
minimum class, beacon station, Technician~
B.The ohm~
How is a `Yagi` antenna constructed?~
D.The manual control location~
signal loss, feed line, increases with increasing frequency~
D.It stores a charge electromechanically and opposes a change in voltage~
maximum authorized bandwidth, 70 cm, 100 kHz~
A.A certificate from the FCC showing that you have notified them that you
will be using the HF bands~
C.10%~
D.A `ground plane`~
A.A double-conversion receiver~
beacon operation, 100 watts~
D.Three~
D.5.0 MHz~
A.Novice~
What is the usual `bandwidth` of a `frequency-modulated` amateur signal?~
D.Those which are to be used for program production or newsgathering for
broadcasting purposes~
A.As little as `1/10 of an ampere`~
B.An antenna where wave traps are used to magnetically couple the
elements~
B.Say "HELP" several times~
D.RTTY~
farad, basic unit of capacitance~
A.`CW`~
D.You must key the transmitter and make the station identification~
A `dummy antenna` is a nonradiating load for a transmitter made up of a
noninductive resistor, usually surrounded by a cooling liquid.  If a `dummy
antenna` is `connected to a transmitter's output` in place of an antenna when
making `adjustments`, it won't cause interference on the air.~
repeater frequency coordinator, recommends frequencies~
A.Signal loss is the same for any length of feed line~
A.They `will not be accurate`~
C.`Half the value` of either capacitor~
safety guidelines, RF energy, ANSI~
block energy outside a certain frequency range, band-pass filter~
C.A `detector`~
D.`Vertical`~
Electrical energy flowing one way into a capacitor is stored.  If the flow
stops, the stored energy can flow the other way.  The ability to store this
electrical energy is called capacitance.  The `basic unit of capacitance` is
called the `farad`.~
A.The D region~
C.`QRL`?~
maximum authorized bandwidth, 222 to 450 MHz, 100 kHz~
C.`Scatter-mode`~
control operator, control point~
B.14.1 - 14.2 MHz~
using a repeater, simplex instead, receive the station~
The FCC rules use the word `broadcasting` in a special way for hams.  It
means sending signals that are meant to be received by the `general public`.
Amateur radio is not to be used for playing music, reading the news, making
public announcements, etc. like a `broadcasting` station.  Instead, it's for
talking with other hams, learning and having fun!~
A.`6 meters`~
combines, IF amplifier, beat-frequency oscillator, detector~
B.By adding resistance in parallel with the circuit under test~
As an electrical current flows through an `inductor` (a coil), it stores
energy `electromagnetically` (in a magnetic field).  If the electrical
current changes, the magnetic field around the `inductor` `opposes a change in
current`.~
What does an `inductor` do?~
B.The station is located at latitude 33 degrees~
C.Electrostatic and electromagnetic~
The outer atmosphere nearest space is very thin and is ionized by the sun,
so it is called the `ionosphere`.  This ionized gas high above the earth can
propagate radio waves by `bending` them around the Earth.  Because of the
`ionosphere`, `long-distance radio communications` are possible.~
wall outlet, brass, silver, correct wiring polarity~
ammeter, connected, in series with the circuit~
`Harmonic radiation` from a transmitter may cause television interference on
one or two channels of a nearby TV receiver.  A `built-in low-pass filter`
usually comes inside most modern HF receivers so you won't have trouble
with `harmonic radiation`.~
A.`D region`~
D.Use a resonant antenna that requires no loading-up procedure~
D.Thermal heating in a load resistor~
B.0.5 kHz~
D.As many hours as you want~
D.Because `high-voltage radio energy might burn` the person~
A.Tune to the frequency of a shortwave broadcasting station~
tactical call signs, during an emergency, more efficient, help coordinate~
combine, at night, F1 and F2~
packet-radio, data~
A.The `value of the resistor` in ohms~
No `station identification` is needed for the operation of `model craft` if
your `transmitter` is labeled with your `name`, `address` and `call sign`.  Of
course, with a power limit of one watt for `model craft` signals, it probably
won't interfere with anyone anyway.~
Each element of a `delta loop` antenna is a triangular wire loop about one-
electrical wavelength long (the triangular loop looks like the Greek letter
"delta").  Two or more of these `triangular elements` are lined up in
parallel with each other to focus radio energy in one direction.  So, an
antenna with two or more `triangular elements` is called a `delta loop`.~
three three, readable with considerable difficulty, weak in strength~
B.`19.6 kilobauds`~
daytime, 80-meter band, short distances, D region~
Whenever you see a circuit like `Figure T7-3` with a limiter sending a signal
to a frequency discriminator which goes to an audio amplifier, you know
you're looking at an `FM receiver`.  The limiter sends a received signal to
a detector known as a frequency discriminator which then turns the
frequency changes of the received signal into an audio signal.~
A.To `calibrate the tuning dial on a receiver`~
B.Just after noon~
D.`Ionosphere`~
A.`250 uA`~
C.Increased transmitter range~
4800-ohm, 120 volts, 25 mA~
clean, tighten, re-solder, antenna connectors, resistance at a minimum~
D.E1 and E2~
D.Tune to another amateur station and ask what frequency the operator is
using~
D.A person or group that `recommends frequencies` for repeater usage~
B.Pulse-modulated phone~
The `control point` is the place where the `control operator` runs the station
equipment.  It is usually right in front of the equipment, but it could be
far away if the station is remotely controlled.~
messages, immediate safety of human life, emergency traffic~
B.Hands~
B.To the "hot" side of the power switch~
C.QRZ~
Lots of hams forget to `pause briefly` and `listen` before each transmission
when they are talking to someone else.  When you're on the air, `listen` for
a second or two before talking.  Someone may want to `break in` (interrupt
you) for an emergency, or maybe join your conversation.~
What is a `courtesy tone` (used in repeater operations)?~
polarization, half-wavelength antenna, perpendicular, vertical~
D.Say "SOS" several times~
B.The D region is above the E region~
A capacitor is two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating
material.  Changing the insulating `material` between the plates, the `area` of
the smallest plate, the `number of plates`, or their `spacing` will change the
`capacitance of a capacitor`.~
A.By using a voltmeter~
A.The core material, the core diameter, the length of the coil and
whether the coil is mounted horizontally or vertically~
feed line gets hot, SWR may be too high, feed line loss may be high~
dummy antenna, warm when in use, changes RF energy into heat~
A.Shortly `before dawn`~
C.The station location~
courtesy tone, transmission is complete~
B.A loading coil~
A.At the `transmitter output connector`~
D.Measuring transmission line impedances~
A.By adding resistance in series with the circuit under test~
What common connector usually `joins RG-213 coaxial cable` to an HF
transceiver?~
Any operator with an Extra, Advanced, General or `Technician` license may
transmit on the 2-meter frequency of `146.52 MHz`.  The 2-meter band is the
most popular band in the US today.  Almost every active ham has a 2-meter
transceiver for talking to other hams in town.~
A.The FCC in Washington, DC~
What is the proper way to `interrupt` a repeater conversation `to signal a
distress call`?~
D.Single-sideband modulation~
A.It goes out equally well in `all horizontal directions`~
D.A VFO circuit~
What kind of emission would your `FM` transmitter produce if its `microphone
failed to work`?~
If warm, dry air in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) moves over cold,
moist air, this is called a `temperature inversion`.  Sometimes this creates
a "waveguide" for VHF and UHF signals which propagates the signals hundreds
or thousands of miles farther than normal.  This is kind of propagation is
called `tropospheric ducting`.~
How might you `join a closed repeater` system?~
B.A calibrated oscilloscope~
C.Tolerance~
What circuit is pictured in `Figure T7-3`?~
D.Midnight~
A.Amplitude-keyed telegraphy~
VHF signals, visible horizon, direct wave~
D.`20%`~
C.By on/off keying of a carrier~
What causes the `maximum usable frequency` to vary?~
C.It stores a charge electromagnetically and opposes a change in current~
D.By feeding an `on/off keyed audio tone` into a transmitter~
C.It sets transmitter power limits for interference protection~
all types of receivers, detector~
The ionosphere bends signals differently depending upon their frequency.
The higher the frequency, the less bending.  The `maximum usable frequency`
is the `highest frequency` signal that is bent enough to return to earth and
`reach its intended destination` instead of passing through the ionosphere.~
ionosphere, least ionized, before dawn~
The `National Electrical Code` is a book of `standard electrical safety rules`
for all kinds of electrical wiring, including amateur antennas.  Although
the Code is not a set of laws which must be obeyed, most cities use it when
they write their own electrical safety regulations.~
RF radiation is similar to microwave oven radiation.  If body tissues are
exposed to `RF energy`, the energy `heats the tissue`.  Large amounts of `RF
energy` may cause RF burns.  Of all your body parts, your eyes are the most
likely to be damaged by RF radiation.~
A `repeater` listens for signals on its input frequency and retransmits them
more powerfully on its output frequency.  Don't operate on a `repeater`
frequency because it's `not practical` for the `repeater` to switch frequencies
to avoid you.  Be courteous and `change to another frequency`.~
C.`Frequency modulation`~
D.A straight element is fixed in the center of three or more elements
which angle toward the ground~
D.25 watts~
C.12 ohms~
A.Phone~
C.`1200 bauds`~
third-party messages, no payment~
reflectometer, best accuracy, antenna feed point~
C.The energy used by a transmitter~
store energy, magnetic field, inductance~
C.RG-59~
D.Signal loss is the least when the length is the same as the signal's
wavelength~
A.`One`~
A.An audio filter~
C.By adding resistance in series with the meter~
absorb radio waves, ionization of the D region~
B.A list of amateur frequency bands to be used in the affected area~
D.Two or more insulating plates with a conductive material between them~
B.Midnight~
C.Most of it goes equally in two opposite directions~
D.The type of weather just below the ionosphere~
D.5 kHz~
C.Formal message traffic~
D.Phone~
C.Because different bandwidths improve S-meter readings~
upper-sideband (USB), single-sideband signal, above the carrier frequency~
B.`Never`; `obscene words` are prohibited in amateur transmissions~
The person or club in charge of a repeater may decide to let any licensed
amateur use their repeater, rather than only amateurs who belong to a club
or who pay dues to help keep it on the air.  When a repeater is `available
for anyone` to use, it's called an `open repeater`.~
A.QRV?~
B.Extra, Advanced, General, `Technician` only~
When a resistor resists current flow, it loses electrical energy in the
form of heat.  If a `large size resistor` is used `instead of a smaller one`,
more heat can be lost without burning up the resistor.  This means that a
large resistor has a `greater power dissipation` than a smaller resistor of
the same resistance value.~
A.A `band-pass filter`~
The letters "BNC" stand for "Baby N Connector".  The `BNC connector` is used
for low-power RF connections in the VHF/UHF frequency range.  Because it
makes an easy twist-on/twist-off connection and it's small and rugged, it
usually `joins` a `hand held transceiver` to its `antenna`.~
average power, modulation envelope, peak envelope power~
D.Any time, but there is an unwritten rule among amateurs that they
should not be used on the air~
In Figure T6-1 which symbol represents a `variable capacitor`?~
Remember that a repeater is a useful way for a ham to get help in an
emergency, but it only lets one person talk at a time.  During `rush hours`
emergencies can occur.  If `repeater operation` is tied up with `third-party`
communications nets, an emergency signal can't get through.  This kind of
`third-party` operation is `discouraged` during `rush hours`.~
B.2 kHz~
B.The lowest frequency signal that will reach its intended destination~
A.The A region~
An unchanging RF signal is called an `unmodulated carrier`.  If an RF
carrier's frequency is varied in time with the changes in an audio signal
(a voice), this is called frequency modulation (`FM`).  If an `FM`
transmitter's `microphone failed to work`, its RF signal would not change,
and it would produce just an `unmodulated carrier`.~
The name `CW` stands for "continuous wave", which means just a plain RF
signal which is started and stopped by switching a `transmitter's output on
and off`.  A special on/off code called international `Morse code` is known
all over the world as the best way to send the letters, numbers and
punctuation of messages by `CW`.~
D.Ground-wave~
B.E region~
What are the possible values of a `100-ohm resistor` with a `10% tolerance`?~
What is the usual `bandwidth` of a `single-sideband` amateur signal?~
C.Highway traffic information nets~
B.1.0 MHz~
When a contact is possible between two hams who can receive each other's
signals, `simplex` operation should be used instead of a repeater.  (Both
hams move to a different frequency and take turns talking.)  That way the
`repeater will not be tied up` and may be used by someone who might need it
for an emergency.~
renew or change, FCC Form 610, Gettysburg~
What is a `henry`?~
blocks RF energy, above and below a certain limit, band-pass filter~
4800-ohm, 12 volts, 2.5 mA~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
`current`.  A pressure called `voltage` forces electrons through the `resistance`
of the circuit.  A formula known as `Ohm's Law` says that the `voltage` of a
circuit equals the `current` flowing multiplied by the `resistance` (`voltage` =
`current` times `resistance`, abbreviated E=IR).~
ANSI RF protection guide, RF exposure limits~
What is the `maximum frequency shift` permitted for `RTTY or data`
transmissions `below 50 MHz`?~
C.You must attend a class to learn about HF communications~
B.It causes them to travel shorter distances~
C.Extra, Advanced, General only~
A.There are more transmitters operating in this range~
What does `reflected power` mean?~
D.An `FM receiver`~
Ohm's Law says that voltage = current times resistance (abbreviated E = I
x R).  When voltage and current are known, resistance is calculated by
dividing voltage by current:  R = E / I.  So, if a `12-volt` battery is
supplying a `0.15 ampere` current to a circuit, the circuit's resistance must
be 12 / 0.15, or `80 ohms`.~
According to the `ANSI RF protection guide`, what is the `maximum safe power`
output to the antenna of a hand held `VHF or UHF` radio?~
What is an `RF signal generator` used for?~
Which operator licenses authorize privileges on `52.525 MHz`?~
B.The power `returned to a transmitter from an antenna`~
D.`VHF`~
What is the ability to `store energy` in a `magnetic field` called?~
voltmeter, lower to a higher, range, resistance is added in series~
A.The value of the resistor in ohms~
D.A rectifier modulator~
input/output frequency separation, 2-meter band, 600 kHz~
D.An antenna where the driven element obtains its radio energy by
induction or radiation from director elements~
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has studied the effects of
RF energy on the human body.  They publish the `ANSI RF protection guide`
which says that `7 watts` is the `maximum safe power` output for a `VHF or UHF`
hand held radio.~
A.Those which are necessary to meet `essential communication needs` and
facilitate `relief actions`~
An `FM` transmitter may cause interference to other stations near its
frequency channel (`out-of-channel emissions`) if too much audio is used to
modulate its signal.  This `overdeviation` may be caused by talking too loud
or too close to the microphone.~
`During an emergency` it's `more efficient` to use simple names (called
`tactical call signs`) instead of amateur call signs when you need to talk to
special stations (such as the "command post").  `Tactical call signs` also
`help coordinate` communications with other public-service units which may
not be familiar with amateur call signs.~
A.RTTY, CW, SSB voice, FM voice~
C.Two~
C.By using Thevenin's theorem for resistors~
D.Station identification is not required if the transmitter is labeled
with the station licensee's `name`, `address` and `call sign`~
What is the name of the area that makes `long-distance radio communications`
possible by `bending` radio waves?~
A.To the fuse~
B.As amateur traffic~
Why is the limit of exposure to RF the lowest in the frequency range of `30
MHz to 300 MHz`, according to the `ANSI RF protection guide`?~
C.An antenna which sends and receives `radio energy` mainly in `one
direction`~
What is the proper way to `break into a conversation` on a repeater?~
The sun's radiation causes ionization of the ionosphere.  The `E region` is
ionized enough to bend radio waves only during the day.  Once the sun comes
up in the morning, ionization increases until the sun is high overhead.
So, at `midday` the `E region` is the `most ionized`.~
B.The `basic unit of capacitance`~
D.`Symbol D`~
C.Connect a keyboard to the transceiver's microphone input~
D.`Ionization is at a minimum`~
precaution, over a power amplifier, jewelry contacting high voltage~
C.A sound used to indicate that a message is waiting for someone~
Which region of the ionosphere is mainly responsible for `long-distance sky-
wave` radio communications?~
A.CW~
parasitic elements, Yagi, directors, reflectors~
B.A repeater~
safety rule, main electrical box, how to shut off the electricity~
D.The place inside an inductor where its `magnetic field is concentrated`~
C.Because HF transmissions are not propagated locally~
If you want to give someone a `signal report` when you're talking on a
`repeater`, just tell them how much `quieting` their signal has into the
`repeater`.  For instance, for a perfect signal, you'd say "full `quieting`".~
Figure T7-3, FM receiver~
C.Hotter circuit components nearby heat them up~
C.A wavemeter~
If you have a Novice license and you have a `CSCE` `for Technician`, you may
use Technician frequencies (in this case `146.34 MHz`).  Until you receive
your Technician license in the mail, you must use the `identifier "KT"` after
your call sign when you are on non-Novice frequencies.~
A.A `band-pass filter`~
B.The core diameter, the number of turns of wire used to wind the coil
and the type of metal used for the wire~
C.Current, voltage and power~
What type of antenna is made when a `magnetic-base whip` antenna is placed `on
the roof of a car`?~
C.A power supply~
A.0.1 kHz~
D.A high-pressure zone~
Be very careful if you're working `over a power amplifier`.  Take every
`precaution` you can to avoid a high-voltage electrical shock.  Loose `jewelry
contacting high voltage` can conduct electricity through you!~
CSCE, for Technician, 146.34 MHz, identifier "KT"~
C.Formal message traffic~
B.Resistance, capacitance and inductance~
A.Between the red and black wires~
A.The licensee of the repeater which has been recommended for the longest
period of time~
A.The coulomb~
C.A `Yagi` antenna~
C.At the midpoint of the feed line~
A.`Solar radiation` ionizing the `outer atmosphere`~
"T1A01       ","D",0,120792,122163,13491,87714,70991,29872,138868
"T1A02       ","B",0,119310,115817,16086,163336,156412,158256,161906
"T1A03       ","A",0,19292,140896,7181,104508,71936,170320,113384
"T1A04       ","A",0,14513,73508,81365,72030,57954,135135,91706
"T1A05       ","C",0,124165,27955,158426,132688,41159,147661,51973
"T1A06       ","C",0,171792,88839,97049,110521,138185,105877,107649
"T1A07       ","B",0,40565,68998,167910,136155,42607,120189,163633
"T1A08       ","A",0,9773,9359,74788,139999,82389,57879,88867
"T1A09       ","B",0,78623,115580,58210,171486,54570,153941,126842
"T1A10       ","D",0,26553,90345,105164,171429,141771,54789,43647
"T1A11       ","C",0,102080,156775,79220,37191,105535,35282,86988
"T1B01       ","C",0,17882,18675,65510,129280,41372,127701,89251
"T1B02       ","D",0,75730,22858,142575,113820,20922,168527,122996
"T1B03       ","B",0,110698,65266,26047,67559,113953,156927,80402
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"T1B05       ","D",0,13984,61909,98637,88401,55757,110676,102960
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"T1B07       ","A",0,113282,157484,57819,49194,167576,10126,80865
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"T1B09       ","A",0,25622,93165,96655,147823,106227,50199,31205
"T1B10       ","D",0,124934,143318,109613,38082,68207,66866,48221
"T1B11       ","A",0,17359,159072,31279,130653,42921,109192,99252
"T1C01       ","A",0,136581,97272,21872,41561,21051,176244,175255
"T1C02       ","C",0,171123,176117,160838,132098,167677,73042,9469
"T1C03       ","D",0,45018,111123,100683,109809,139885,30377,30861
"T1C04       ","B",0,72582,125883,59974,13141,23212,90443,34148
"T1C05       ","C",0,17952,10693,85125,18015,50206,8847,72183
"T1C06       ","C",0,42791,37545,35976,167856,90644,60723,56779
"T1C07       ","B",0,147189,12267,162076,30257,72214,93520,117347
"T1C08       ","A",0,135449,17169,66010,25422,88621,111645,13347
"T1C09       ","D",0,59721,122743,125809,28192,45870,18918,127755
"T1C10       ","B",0,115973,28432,47328,115314,142159,158541,105112
"T1C11       ","C",0,50106,153800,36829,141549,132132,156942,118919
"T1D01       ","A",0,116822,120784,175832,127352,103604,29914,47843
"T1D02       ","B",0,61363,153362,112120,100180,20329,13263,143787
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"T1D04       ","C",0,49261,17821,142964,70124,26209,45897,108348
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"T1D06       ","A",0,120990,16807,86137,134522,139487,124508,106826
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"T1D08       ","A",0,48775,91653,68862,63763,135829,138028,15647
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"T1D11       ","B",0,138592,46926,50329,130638,74460,106961,81727
"T1E01       ","A",0,136242,17458,145948,110762,112117,8936,158575
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"T1E03       ","D",0,156621,71735,8923,48190,33703,167048,35514
"T1E04       ","B",0,11152,95719,169068,106037,169522,17797,30178
"T1E05       ","D",0,144680,58632,54411,16100,38315,75151,66164
"T1E06       ","C",0,80518,77513,84360,59873,25691,104348,71914
"T1E07       ","C",0,59276,164729,73434,18835,47512,100179,136204
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"T1E09       ","A",0,28498,16745,126151,80777,158400,69425,96670
"T1E10       ","A",0,120331,173399,23942,92507,158128,12188,40334
"T1E11       ","C",0,52201,130779,168884,18115,140679,91066,73757
"T2A01       ","B",0,135357,142439,46919,139085,32849,97336,98424
"T2A02       ","C",0,153794,33762,75464,119199,100345,68891,162509
"T2A03       ","A",0,135469,9238,152626,118730,92863,16628,155910
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"T2A05       ","B",0,31000,90009,69363,74277,51043,105959,20051
"T2A06       ","B",0,76908,18466,40882,31487,46075,61572,36298
"T2A07       ","D",0,39699,35994,151861,173037,154429,24301,168912
"T2A08       ","B",0,163201,93123,106214,177541,26926,164054,63451
"T2A09       ","A",0,79452,126008,133153,27310,21859,73018,118276
"T2A10       ","C",0,7990,73525,20214,31308,143855,88243,175146
"T2A11       ","A",0,83322,156522,54336,153367,72964,63813,167723
"T2A12       ","A",0,31124,43862,172405,88770,158329,172864,84779
"T2A13       ","C",0,68319,104012,125403,77878,137368,52673,34073
"T2A14       ","D",0,66819,43613,20005,123897,87205,27131,126481
"T2A15       ","A",0,12028,16004,121588,178289,113157,107790,91499
"T2A16       ","A",0,165320,30998,65544,125839,145599,156345,155376
"T2A17       ","B",0,151109,150834,16256,10876,161516,67994,19348
"T2A18       ","C",0,143838,63041,63633,28337,157553,122607,144883
"T2B01       ","C",0,89411,69494,52262,84400,124273,25025,170340
"T2B02       ","A",0,22375,45568,55433,156645,80402,159186,62703
"T2B03       ","C",0,126297,88148,52400,92522,12803,37892,166392
"T2B04       ","D",0,151413,82664,148942,80166,163552,158478,127393
"T2B05       ","C",0,120494,168988,38485,162085,157976,69044,124769
"T2B06       ","A",0,52643,155101,156866,34213,147440,30550,104881
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"T2B08       ","B",0,132429,153226,19182,147083,59802,109999,21775
"T2B09       ","A",0,13195,155378,14805,37812,41770,29522,140336
"T2B10       ","C",0,135841,49013,162159,116484,41311,161953,137088
"T2B11       ","D",0,34365,31576,26582,69729,119029,9869,33262
"T2C01       ","A",0,31439,21002,160230,18472,164575,11184,141594
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"T2C03       ","A",0,164855,101116,64288,107605,95742,128543,50899
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"T2C05       ","A",0,130473,168253,84562,126221,162023,42931,141382
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"T2C07       ","B",0,102450,47827,147369,23939,74897,161233,173311
"T2C08       ","D",0,58693,21180,22893,171799,157477,149327,133990
"T2C09       ","B",0,120929,25590,19637,180724,44462,163211,39191
"T2C10       ","B",0,55778,12614,11466,70602,45375,70061,111353
"T2C11       ","C",0,57461,24637,100979,117056,43427,52960,32108
"T2C12       ","C",0,10805,90786,30908,152214,125794,84357,104458
"T3A01       ","A",0,91446,17385,90015,155159,156132,75627,65663
"T3A02       ","D",0,174499,51387,84319,19891,163775,46950,159698
"T3A03       ","A",0,145487,177970,72010,157193,146525,133805,53756
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"T3A05       ","A",0,32572,161568,173463,150595,25144,162261,24743
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"T3A07       ","B",0,90837,159875,91307,64688,121791,25909,135920
"T3A08       ","A",0,76484,71913,12054,44384,88814,87575,70128
"T3A09       ","D",0,175590,157380,70019,49280,148022,9606,84452
"T3A10       ","B",0,140698,128512,158854,164530,18625,23679,98319
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"T3B01       ","D",0,151308,150198,157227,42407,70936,144217,96115
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"T3B03       ","A",0,66822,22976,32938,44708,48076,43240,33719
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"T3B05       ","D",0,108453,118951,166778,113246,176829,43293,153115
"T3B06       ","C",0,41829,73409,171174,147358,82144,38195,75347
"T3B07       ","A",0,115100,165180,165705,62903,37855,166776,67486
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"T3B09       ","A",0,121706,141631,67248,123735,19699,22313,97793
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"T3B11       ","A",0,66179,41214,173311,74986,10772,59375,165697
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"T3C02       ","C",0,113727,119131,49139,95061,172484,31334,129775
"T3C03       ","B",0,87892,64742,108059,41738,71328,166172,106485
"T3C04       ","C",0,121849,66317,14578,47220,138524,62639,68464
"T3C05       ","A",0,124084,31800,175545,71951,135561,17537,122503
"T3C06       ","D",0,105627,151094,97797,120220,20245,155092,164824
"T3C07       ","B",0,32711,47873,39803,129212,178590,55746,137679
"T3C08       ","D",0,20296,68349,156813,78017,174734,88157,8362
"T3C09       ","D",0,49394,134619,91312,125178,144625,148781,77934
"T3C10       ","A",0,138395,62631,135329,33158,47775,41489,78868
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"T4A01       ","C",0,140156,175740,166952,146084,113747,117041,58804
"T4A02       ","D",0,18232,38186,24058,105606,31834,11676,60552
"T4A03       ","B",0,113191,44251,83445,50755,113840,50106,79961
"T4A04       ","D",0,76451,92576,76076,105678,138100,60005,73759
"T4A05       ","C",0,149923,78007,140843,157764,20157,10408,166126
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"T4A08       ","A",0,45486,159319,152110,20969,86953,24960,71357
"T4A09       ","A",0,65571,149556,144786,56893,20553,41673,155310
"T4A10       ","A",0,16093,29623,122632,17189,157642,155370,71112
"T4A11       ","A",0,116382,82463,39392,137999,38295,39805,27475
"T4A12       ","C",0,146421,67106,37026,134582,43555,100357,113350
"T4A13       ","B",0,47764,149832,85259,41537,135939,176001,176468
"T4A14       ","C",0,15102,55610,66537,15395,128269,176330,128583
"T4A15       ","B",0,118163,134059,125333,36848,143091,15834,115342
"T4B01       ","B",0,56928,95227,14513,53768,112321,113079,73591
"T4B02       ","C",0,34187,165921,134147,161703,143637,21195,123050
"T4B03       ","A",0,156131,40167,33778,127618,15243,173691,28832
"T4B04       ","A",0,67848,142979,99999,29567,42576,161327,145922
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"T4B06       ","D",0,10138,49162,181572,152358,59043,30650,25860
"T4B07       ","A",0,56061,165921,34152,141488,21349,95320,74970
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"T4B09       ","A",0,117903,9771,32244,174334,163444,81939,45154
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"T4C01       ","A",0,114323,67428,79556,53588,92642,123639,118330
"T4C02       ","A",0,76315,164127,104869,63247,117268,78621,52054
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"T4C04       ","B",0,147247,82638,68564,24963,44031,55386,131801
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"T4C06       ","C",0,66708,63176,38492,19926,122959,96407,132888
"T4C07       ","B",0,173463,126754,126099,55776,167116,71202,147430
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"T4C09       ","A",0,149268,68331,41089,184580,17971,168487,24443
"T4C10       ","A",0,139786,160467,125304,96666,148582,48740,85046
"T4C11       ","C",0,94204,47755,16803,31351,143526,56859,154890
"T4D01       ","D",0,148933,158382,23968,121402,94186,112641,158103
"T4D02       ","B",0,103417,144242,63475,113291,102836,69551,26428
"T4D03       ","C",0,122226,22463,151004,134207,70179,30527,17225
"T4D04       ","B",0,60479,12772,25686,88907,14628,147120,54779
"T4D05       ","A",0,85158,101634,86600,98153,64101,109056,22539
"T4D06       ","A",0,57784,48563,146728,46283,114107,17014,85978
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"T4D08       ","A",0,143562,103298,136011,37528,143505,88371,89254
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"T4D10       ","A",0,100503,17908,168644,99058,97779,102021,48115
"T4D11       ","D",0,155000,71146,126750,32441,141975,159864,42979
"T4D12       ","B",0,58930,71323,153865,174039,45888,172947,30160
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"T4D14       ","D",0,175555,174155,86791,84580,120110,108402,7706
"T4D15       ","B",0,173534,112050,53275,103018,170584,26961,173146
"T4D16       ","C",0,118046,152166,62224,158172,90280,113800,150221
"T5A01       ","D",0,100497,33345,92761,115487,73350,73408,60414
"T5A02       ","D",0,173882,71605,27443,78337,93184,168815,103433
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"T5A04       ","C",0,172375,95265,17062,165649,85002,96377,142662
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"T5A06       ","A",0,105774,20106,163257,32852,42519,157821,158823
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"T5A08       ","B",0,121175,67438,137777,100748,60005,88647,143649
"T5A09       ","A",0,111279,49965,133521,95032,104106,18262,47880
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"T5A11       ","A",0,39215,99635,151827,101815,47096,60813,78847
"T5B01       ","D",0,91693,122282,150153,185417,124044,31050,171425
"T5B02       ","C",0,20743,124938,80938,90119,139784,66595,129054
"T5B03       ","B",0,98911,138995,100906,71839,14527,72521,79923
"T5B04       ","C",0,144309,26190,120494,56455,92406,71555,134941
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"T5B06       ","D",0,59377,38411,91139,121531,19586,153691,172215
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"T5B08       ","D",0,62448,15256,15660,103695,24343,112865,57092
"T5B09       ","A",0,66842,85750,121446,139852,96636,172843,18956
"T5B10       ","A",0,9567,164995,139246,121689,117649,63500,153249
"T5B11       ","A",0,134576,107841,154970,117727,113745,73950,101863
"T6A01       ","B",0,142670,52894,49180,159447,100031,69788,131047
"T6A02       ","C",0,128782,14985,93819,139108,155338,118852,115460
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"T6A04       ","A",0,133954,163800,30162,119205,83583,157404,108938
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"T6A06       ","A",0,155961,21054,91613,185738,154885,11799,131372
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"T6A08       ","C",0,172097,110920,97765,94966,66728,37439,91655
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"T6A10       ","A",0,85670,152653,22354,167572,136440,103274,46264
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"T6B01       ","D",0,59525,23037,75455,78217,179639,116479,116125
"T6B02       ","C",0,161471,126487,157190,92449,109622,32230,159937
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"T6B04       ","A",0,79207,100453,115011,98629,65359,146832,8555
"T6B05       ","A",0,13836,130352,73858,96585,88100,48506,103250
"T6B06       ","B",1,84673,85871,101645,55517,25457,144951,78706
"T6B07       ","D",1,99496,112435,119026,67685,65604,49328,14028
"T6B08       ","D",1,98282,30154,159230,164835,179306,64696,146775
"T6B09       ","A",1,120666,93313,23933,41232,47048,144747,152144
"T6B10       ","C",1,171006,64316,90608,105566,140461,115752,42435
"T6B11       ","C",0,111316,104458,113227,93943,172131,113878,83846
"T6B12       ","B",0,108661,64738,146898,176400,161681,114222,134022
"T6B13       ","A",0,135337,75191,107869,52512,106830,85120,163845
"T6B14       ","B",0,154285,156047,23350,118980,161186,23239,44463
"T7A01       ","C",0,155449,105633,98746,37778,20313,126310,160757
"T7A02       ","A",0,112729,171979,52089,52149,53276,173121,41788
"T7A03       ","A",0,131079,179362,64427,64283,72631,160561,64931
"T7A04       ","C",0,139177,170711,54976,169688,56923,167861,77547
"T7A05       ","D",0,77198,135702,109422,27602,34029,41398,138785
"T7A06       ","B",0,119474,74324,46318,126957,26739,161538,33066
"T7A07       ","D",0,149570,93532,152648,125730,161446,133525,38456
"T7A08       ","D",2,44280,103451,147563,99477,18220,15564,30129
"T7A09       ","B",3,129859,111533,74248,187794,169545,18539,13556
"T7A10       ","D",4,167261,160784,69169,142891,176678,177908,162303
"T7A11       ","C",5,47719,148512,144645,134041,177543,103634,101187
"T8A01       ","B",0,57199,170549,29266,70289,162671,155008,76329
"T8A02       ","C",0,93654,104935,55205,51413,50714,115906,170621
"T8A03       ","B",0,130155,168815,139620,77411,86842,44680,135612
"T8A04       ","B",0,27425,43609,46191,55619,66432,163176,115284
"T8A05       ","D",0,71533,155859,48871,177230,170561,158990,23333
"T8A06       ","D",0,130060,151408,170940,125093,150790,139157,36882
"T8A07       ","A",0,23858,50889,105028,23795,26131,51705,21918
"T8A08       ","A",0,134024,38462,119525,78189,29870,170217,39477
"T8A09       ","D",0,30043,178770,113658,73184,45189,159225,62622
"T8A10       ","C",0,86131,106018,58057,179013,169730,146554,39022
"T8A11       ","B",0,37582,39456,47482,135453,61563,107729,151934
"T8B01       ","A",0,64719,13487,120566,79002,91160,73377,139501
"T8B02       ","A",0,27312,104144,51716,145650,25967,123310,80837
"T8B03       ","A",0,166895,50948,33428,126725,46382,26926,170337
"T8B04       ","B",0,78304,91870,148595,187169,122120,29245,148972
"T8B05       ","C",0,158245,53145,155993,83253,81647,134467,96264
"T8B06       ","D",0,89962,13406,58826,180251,121238,59990,152627
"T8B07       ","C",0,89591,177577,67101,43812,93318,17800,150947
"T8B08       ","D",0,172693,151603,178518,165262,52089,85442,122636
"T8B09       ","C",0,159683,28450,65639,81799,99753,66510,9882
"T8B10       ","B",0,29576,45507,149231,174834,117230,39418,173901
"T8B11       ","C",0,104681,150033,35666,41943,100441,84346,126999
"T9A01       ","C",0,117807,73102,58959,187089,144669,104993,124940
"T9A02       ","A",0,159243,101602,117160,153644,172390,14872,28817
"T9A03       ","C",0,146271,71963,142445,189710,104858,62519,56242
"T9A04       ","B",0,42272,96616,91071,186757,162896,110571,97304
"T9A05       ","A",0,34360,61050,166886,95710,178249,157599,126413
"T9A06       ","D",0,108670,97681,32560,116803,148484,177765,11600
"T9A07       ","B",0,128551,57078,161852,156796,53676,69906,86995
"T9A08       ","A",0,23968,24226,161993,71162,162147,75631,161940
"T9A09       ","D",0,14124,158354,76288,125471,162927,133803,104604
"T9A10       ","D",0,178586,127819,76211,142328,152257,59075,75252
"T9A11       ","A",0,110104,168658,109763,180915,137610,60794,37704
"T9B01       ","B",0,126971,150686,116597,60448,64335,44145,143803
"T9B02       ","C",0,110079,45824,163664,123069,143700,57153,111164
"T9B03       ","C",0,51635,52340,50662,117725,128205,150684,84830
"T9B04       ","D",0,127840,93376,71384,163358,27391,165890,54223
"T9B05       ","D",0,96623,14390,110218,21568,164244,146527,60451
"T9B06       ","D",0,86306,81622,141764,34410,113917,112126,44144
"T9B07       ","A",0,80028,131172,112223,167037,115790,122900,106759
"T9B08       ","B",0,174248,46334,182161,167566,29815,146666,13338
"T9B09       ","C",0,101947,49915,58328,105979,91508,75187,110825
"T9B10       ","C",0,95912,158195,25095,167840,36778,93051,16492
"T9B11       ","A",0,151399,153886,173823,98611,48886,155284,70732
"T9C01       ","B",0,166643,48024,97247,121789,65012,157206,20127
"T9C02       ","A",0,47027,12848,48281,158657,79292,157289,169519
"T9C03       ","B",0,114591,73480,109052,130108,59821,57952,101804
"T9C04       ","A",0,91183,13274,162780,181299,62682,151841,33635
"T9C05       ","C",0,47291,108692,134134,102889,40153,26582,122285
"T9C06       ","B",0,12288,162536,96762,47503,173319,62436,28466
"T9C07       ","B",0,23484,151124,130121,127741,24239,159901,15705
"T9C08       ","D",0,122664,25077,47653,38276,70851,166618,133238
"T9C09       ","D",0,20155,85892,87006,121477,166745,29897,94733
"T9C10       ","C",0,129282,49074,56465,149950,67963,109910,119748
"T9C11       ","A",0,112518,113889,27009,100291,36536,165163,52165