The Unsorted BBS Collection/thegreatunsorted.tar/thegreatunsorted/misc/02.ptx

Text File | 1993-03-26 | 222KB | 4,220 lines

C.A third-party operator~
In the US, a regular wall outlet supplies 120 VAC (volts alternating
current).  If you have, say, a radio which works on 12 VDC (volts direct
current), you would need to use a `power supply` to change the 120 VAC
`household current to 12 VDC` for the radio.~
C.6000 meters per second~
B.A copy of the Rules and Regulations of the Amateur Service (Part 97)~
How many `kilohertz` are `in a megahertz`?~
C.No business communications are ever allowed~
B.25 watts PEP output~
B.At least once during each transmission~
Why should your `outside antennas` be high enough so that `no one can touch
them` while you are transmitting?~
A.0.02~
D.`Unidentified communication`~
D.`Symbol D`~
Although we don't know exactly why, every `11 years` the sun goes through
what is called the `sunspot cycle`.  Sunspots appear and disappear on the
sun all the time, but for the first half of the `sunspot cycle`, more and
more sunspots are seen.  In the second half of the `sunspot cycle`, fewer
and fewer of them are seen.~
D.A multiple-cell battery~
Novice, 80-meter band, CW only~
A.3,725 Hz~
C.In a life or property threatening `emergency`~
A.Have your friend wait until you find out if the US has a `third-party
agreement` with the foreign station's government~
D.1790 kHz~
C.A fuse~
Which component is used to `radiate radio energy`?~
What does "`monitoring`" mean on a `packet-radio` frequency?~
D.Only those who use international Morse code~
D.Emergency planning~
Which three `topics` are part of the rules and regulations of the amateur
service?~
If you made a `half-wavelength` dipole antenna for `28.150 MHz`, how long
would it be (to the nearest foot)?~
A conductor is a material which lets electricity flow through it, and an
`electrical insulator` is a material which `does not let electricity flow`
through it.  An `electrical insulator` usually protects conductors.  For
instance, the plastic jacket which covers a lamp cord `does not let
electricity flow` through it and protects you from electrical shock.~
C.CW~
B.`Data`~
space station, any licensed amateur operator~
interference, no matter what frequency band, receiver overload~
C.`Never`, except when `special requirements` are met~
A.0.0004 meters~
D.1,000,000,000 microfarads~
B.An area covered by sky-wave propagation~
What are some reasons not to use `parallel-conductor feed line`?~
A.Use a carrier-operated relay in the main power line~
What is the meaning of the `procedural signal "CQ"`?~
A.So the FCC has a record of the location of each amateur station~
A.The `volt`~
A.2~
What is the name for `narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy` emissions?~
C.A rough current~
most transmitter power, 7125 kHz, 200 watts PEP output~
What is the `most transmitter power` an amateur station may use on `7125
kHz`?~
C.One frequency is used to control the repeater and another is used to
retransmit received signals~
`VHF` signals usually have a short range and don't use the ionosphere to
go from one antenna to another.  This kind of signal `propagation` is
called `line-of-sight` because the signal travels in a straight line from
the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna.~
If you are operating on `3700 kHz`, in what amateur band are you operating?~
A.4 feet~
In the `1270 MHz range`, RF radiation from a transmitting antenna is
`similar to` `microwave oven radiation`.  For best safety, always hold your
1270 MHz transceiver's antenna away from your eyes, because your eyes are
sensitive to RF energy in the `1270 MHz range`.~
A.A high-pass filter~
A.To recognize the value of `emergency communications`, advance the `radio
art`, and `improve` communication and `technical skills`~
license, renewal, 60 to 90 days~
A.Anytime~
B.Novice, Technician, General, Advanced, Expert~
B.The antenna is too long for operation on the band~
C.To a `transceiver`~
B.Data only~
A `Novice` may use no more than `5 watts PEP output power` on `23
centimeters`, but that's enough to operate a repeater or make a contact in
the local area.  Just remember:  200 watts for HF, 25 watts for 1.25
meters, and 5 watts for 23 centimeters.~
A.22 ft~
In the US, (ITU Region 2), the `1.25-meter band` is where a `Novice`
operator may use `all amateur emission privileges` allowed for the band.
This means CW (Morse code), data (packet), RTTY (radioteletype), image
(television and FAX), and phone (voice).~
What is the `most transmitter power` a `Novice` station may use on the
`1.25-meter band`?~
D.An amateur service license from the Government of Canada, if it is held
by a Canadian citizen~
Wear a `hard hat` if you're `on the ground helping` someone work high
above on an antenna tower.  It will `protect your head` from things which
might be dropped or come loose from the tower.~
B.An `SWR meter`~
monitoring, packet-radio, displaying messages, not replying~
C.It may cause atmospheric interference in the air around the antenna~
If an ammeter marked in amperes is used to measure a `3000-milliampere
current`, what reading would it show?~
C.All the emission privileges of the higher license, but only the
frequency privileges of your license~
If you are operating on `28.150 MHz`, in what amateur band are you
operating?~
straight line, line-of-sight~
A.`CW only`~
A.`Business planning`~
The sun's radiation ionizes the Earth's outer atmosphere and causes the
ionosphere to form.  Whenever there are `sunspots` on the sun, the sun
sends out more radiation than normal, so the more `sunspots` there are, the
`greater the ionization` of the ionosphere.~
A.High enough so that `no one can touch any part of it` from the ground~
C.`10`~
The `10-meter Novice band` from `28.100-28.500 MHz` is the most popular
band.  Novices send Morse code, packet (computer data) and radio-teletype
on 28.100-28.300 MHz and use 28.300-28.500 MHz for voice.  There's
something fun for everyone to do on the `10-meter Novice band`.~
Usually you are the `control operator` and the `station licensee` of your
station.  If you invite another amateur friend over to your house and he or
she operates your transmitter, then your friend is the `control operator`
but you are still the `station licensee`.  You are both then `responsible`
for the proper operation of the station.~
`Spurious emissions` are unwanted signals which may be sent along with
your main signal if your transmitter isn't shielded or if it isn't adjusted
right.  Your transmitter should not be operated without the cover and all
shielding in place, otherwise it might transmit unwanted `signals outside
the band` you are working.~
half-wavelength, 28.150 MHz, 17 ft~
Who may be the licensee of an amateur `space station`?~
D.Because the human ear can sense radio waves in this range~
B.A direct current~
A.Interrupted CW~
If you are operating on `223 MHz`, in what amateur band are you operating?~
switch, more than one, antenna, antenna switch~
time-out, limits the amount of time~
B.There are no rules against business communications~
D.By using a `key-click filter`~
A.A `modem` and a `teleprinter or computer system`~
What are the frequency limits of the `1.25-meter Novice band` (ITU Region
2)?~
If you want to measure the relative impedance match between an antenna and
its feed line, connect an SWR meter between the two.  An `SWR reading of
1:1` means the `best impedance match` you can get.~
ionized gases high above the earth, ionosphere~
interference, front-end overload, no matter what frequency~
C.6 to 9 months~
If you `transmit from another amateur's station`, who is `responsible` for
its proper operation?~
A.`CW only`~
positive and a negative side, battery~
An antenna works the same way with radio waves as a guitar string works
with sound waves.  As the guitar string or antenna is made shorter, the
pitch or resonant frequency of both gets higher and higher.  So, you will
`raise the resonant frequency` of an antenna if you `shorten` it.~
A.Talk louder into the microphone~
B.Say the other operator's name, then your call sign three times~
international Morse code, CW~
C.15 minutes~
The prefix "kilo" means 1,000 (a thousand).  As you can see, there are
1000 hertz (Hz) in 1 kilohertz (kHz).  To change a frequency in kHz to Hz,
just multiply the number of Hz by 1000.  So, if a dial reading `3725 kHz`
were `marked in hertz`, that would be 3725 times 1000, or `3,725,000 Hz`.~
A.They bend through the ionosphere~
D.Most of it goes in one direction~
C.It may cause sympathetic vibrations in nearby transmitters~
A.`Between the feed line and the antenna`~
B.Energy from another transmitter~
A.Tell the calling station that the frequency is in use~
B.To help foreign countries improve communication and technical skills,
and encourage visits from foreign hams~
antenna, not close to your head, reduce your exposure~
C.To turn the power supply off when it is not being used~
What is the purpose of a repeater `time-out` timer?~
B."New antenna is being tested" (no station should answer)~
single-pole, double-throw switch, symbol D~
Why can't `unlicensed persons` in your family transmit using your amateur
station if they are alone with your equipment?~
D.`CW only`~
The frequency-to-wavelength formula (wavelength = 300 / frequency in MHz)
works even for the higher frequency bands.  300 divided by `223 MHz` is
1.35, and the closest answer is `1.25 meters`.~
A.Say the other station's call sign at least ten times, followed by "this
is," then your call sign at least twice~
A `repeater` listens for signals on its `input frequency` and retransmits
them more powerfully on its `output frequency`.  If you want to use the
powerful signal of the `repeater` with your transceiver, you'll have to know
where it's listening (it's `input frequency`) and transmit there.~
B.The watt~
A.Your "handle"~
C.Parasitic excitation~
A.A telephone link is working between two stations~
double-pole, single-throw, two inputs at the same time~
SWR, poor electrical contact, a jumpy reading~
C.An antenna switch~
C.A tone used by repeaters to mark the end of a transmission~
false or deceptive amateur signals, never~
Two more `purposes` for amateurs:  Our country needs `trained` `operators`
and `experts` wherever there might be an emergency (that means we need hams
in every city).  We also want to get along better with other countries
(`improve international goodwill`).  Making friends by talking on the radio
with someone in another country helps us to understand each other better.~
B.The original or a photocopy of your `amateur license`~
A.5 minutes~
What is your responsibility as a `station licensee`?~
What is the usual cause of `sky-wave propagation`?~
A.Symbol A~
D.`23 centimeters`~
An `antenna` is a conductor of electricity which is long enough to
`radiate radio energy` when transmitting.  An `antenna` is usually placed
high above the ground so it can `radiate radio energy` for longer
distances.~
D.`10 meters`~
C.To retransmit NOAA weather information during severe storm warnings~
A `digipeater` is a special kind of `packet-radio` repeater which
`retransmits` only data packets which are addressed to it.  It's like your
local post office which sends mail (`retransmits` data) for zip codes in
your town (marked to be retransmitted), but lets mail for other towns go
on.~
communicate, foreign country, at any time, unless it is not allowed~
The `examinations` for a `Novice` license are in two parts:  `Element
1(A)` is a 5 WPM (words per minute) Morse code test and `Element 2` is a
written exam (made from these questions).~
If `you are the control operator` at the station of another amateur who has
a higher class license than yours, what operating privileges are you
allowed?~
An `automobile battery` is made up of six lead-acid cells connected in
series so their voltages will add together.  Since each cell produces about
2 volts, an `automobile battery` supplies `12 volts`.~
C.Symbol C~
A.A person who has not received any training in radio operations~
B.The `best impedance match` has been attained~
B.Wherever the amateur service is `regulated by the FCC`~
What is the name for the `distance an AC signal travels` during `one
complete cycle`?~
B.A `direct current`~
D.Your full name~
You probably know this one already!  In the US, the `Technician` license
is the only one of the five license classes which needs `no Morse code`.
All you need to pass are two written exams, the one for Novice and the one
for `Technician` (but with `no Morse code`).~
A.An amateur station that breaks in to talk~
never be connected to the output, receiver~
If you are allowing a `non-amateur` friend to use your station to talk to
someone in the US, and a `foreign station` breaks in to talk to your
friend, what should you do?~
`QTH` stands for the words "`my location is`".  If you were sending Morse
code to someone to tell them you were in Dallas, you'd send "`QTH` DALLAS",
meaning "`my location is` Dallas".~
D.When you are traveling and need some local information~
A.A special signal used for telecommand control of model craft~
B.Tactical signal~
In Figure N6-3 which symbol represents an `earth ground`?~
A.About 12 volts~
D.23 centimeters~
When may someone be `paid to transmit messages` from an amateur station?~
B.The more sunspots there are, the less the ionization~
A ham may be `paid to transmit messages` using amateur radio only if the
ham works for a `club station` and several `special requirements` are met,
such as:  The station must transmit Morse code practice and bulletins for
at least 40 hours per week, the station must transmit on at least six
amateur bands at once, etc.~
C.Make sure the amplifier `cannot accidentally be turned on`~
The flow of electrons in a circuit is called current and the pressure of
this flow is called voltage.  Power is a measure of how fast electrical
energy is used and is calculated by multiplying the voltage times the
current.  The basic `unit of electrical power` is the `watt`.~
D.Fiberglass~
B.Reluctance modulation~
400 centimeters, 4 meters~
A.Voltage~
An `SWR meter` is used to read the impedance match between a `transceiver`
and its antenna system.  An `antenna tuner` helps match the impedance of a
`transceiver` to its antenna system.  So, if block 1 is a `transceiver` and
block 2 is an `SWR meter`, then block 3 is an `antenna tuner`.~
C.To keep the power company from turning off your electricity during an
emergency~
What identification, if any, is required when two amateur stations `end
communications`?~
D.A three-minute transmission to another amateur~
B.A short circuit~
A.An amateur station operated on an unused frequency~
The HF bands where a `Novice` may operate are `80, 40, 15, and 10 meters`.
A `Novice` can't use more than `200 watts PEP output power` on any of these
bands, but that's good enough to reach anywhere in the world if ionospheric
conditions are right.  Just remember:  200 watts for HF, 25 watts for 1.25
meters, and 5 watts for 23 centimeters.~
C.A 5 WPM code exam, `Element 1(A)`; and a written exam, `Element 2`~
D.1240 - 1270 MHz~
A.`Station operation` standards, `technical standards`, `emergency
communications`~
A.Never~
D.About 480 volts~
chirp, small change in a transmitters's frequency~
Since it's not possible to send a perfect signal on only one frequency,
most manufacturers put well-designed `shielding in a transmitter`.  This
`prevents unwanted RF radiation` (called harmonic radiation) from causing
interference on other bands.~
The FCC asks hams to wait until `60 to 90 days` before an amateur license
expires before asking for a `license renewal`.  Just send in a completed
FCC Form 610, checking the boxes for CHANGE MAILING ADDRESS and CHANGE
STATION LOCATION, and send it and a copy of your old `license` to the FCC
in Gettysburg, PA.~
3 amperes, 90 volts, 30 ohms~
If you want to measure the relative impedance match between an antenna and
its feed line, `connect an SWR meter` `between the feed line and the
antenna`.  A perfect match will read 1:1 on the SWR meter.~
D.A multiple-cell battery~
B.The troposphere~
D.`Request a new one` from the FCC, explaining what happened to the
original~
`VHF and UHF radio waves` usually have a short range and don't use the
ionosphere to go from one antenna to another.  This kind of signal
propagation is called line-of-sight because the signal travels in a
`straight line` from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna.~
amateur license, no age limits~
D.To `increase the range` of portable and mobile stations~
C.`28.100 - 28.500 MHz`~
Even though we can't hear electrical energy at any frequency unless it is
changed to sound energy by a radio receiver, we say that any frequency
above our hearing range of 20,000 Hz (20 kHz) is in the `radio` `frequency
range`.  So, `7125 kHz` is far above 20 kHz and is a `radio` frequency.~
D.`33 ft`~
UHF radio energy is similar to microwave oven radiation.  If you were
working on an unshielded UHF power amplifier and it was switched on, it
could cause bad RF burns.  For best `safety`, `before removing the
shielding` to a UHF power amplifier, make sure it `cannot accidentally be
turned on`.~
A.Time here is~
C.`Line-of-sight` propagation~
A.When the most reliable communications are needed~
What is an amateur communication called that `does not have` the required
station `identification`?~
identify your amateur station, your call sign~
What document contains the `rules and regulations` for the amateur service
in the US?~
US station, third-party, internationally, transmit both call signs~
chassis ground, symbol A~
double-pole, double-throw switch, symbol B~
C.28.000 - 29.700 MHz~
What is meant by the term "`DX`"?~
D.20000 amperes~
An `FM` transmitter may cause `interference` to other stations `near its
frequency` if too much audio is used to modulate its signal.  If you
`sh``out into its microphone`, the extra audio will sound fuzzy and your
signal might interfere with stations `near its frequency`.~
What is the `most transmitter power` an amateur station may use on `21.125
MHz`?~
harmonic radiation, may cause interference, out-of-band~
D.A CW filter~
A.So you won't be hurt if the tower should accidentally fall~
D.`Technician`~
A.Left~
replace your license, request a new one~
rules and regulations, Part 97, CFR~
`Splatter interference` on nearby frequencies may be caused if too much
audio signal is put into an `SSB transmitter`.  If you transmit with your
`microphone gain set too high`, the loudest sounds of your speech will
cause your signal to spread out too much beyond your operating frequency
and cause `splatter interference` to other stations.~
What would you connect to your transceiver if you wanted to `switch` it
between `more than one` type of `antenna`?~
D.200 volts~
A.Divide 150 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [150/f(in MHz)]~
A.A `battery`~
D.So someone passing by will know that work is being done on the tower and
will stay away~
D.3,525,000 kHz~
control operator, transmitting~
When your `station` is on the air, you must make sure that it is
`identified` at least `every ten minutes`, and once more `at the end of a
contact`.  You may identify more often than this, but for an ordinary chat
with someone, it's best to stick to once `every ten minutes` and once at
the end.~
B.To `reduce your exposure` to the radio-frequency energy~
C.If connecting a low-pass filter to the receiver greatly cuts down the
interference~
If you've ever heard CB or ham radio, you'll know that when two people are
talking on the air, one person speaks and another listens, then the other
person speaks and the first one listens.  This is called `simplex
operation` because the two transmit and receive `on the same frequency`.~
D.Only on frequencies above 1280 MHz~
A.Something that automatically selects the strongest signal to be repeated~
A.Because the human ear cannot sense anything in this range~
A simple formula tells us how long a `half-wavelength` antenna should be:
The antenna length (in feet) equals 468/f (in MHz), where f is the
operating (resonant) frequency of the antenna.  So, a `half-wavelength`
dipole antenna for `223 MHz` would be 468/223, or about 2.1 ft.
Multiplying 2.1 ft by 12 inches per foot, we get just over `25 inches`.~
If you want to measure the relative impedance match between an antenna and
its feed line, connect an SWR meter between the two.  An `SWR reading` of
`less than 1.5:1` means you have a `fairly good impedance match` and you
can operate with the antenna.~
C.A `power supply`~
A.A `transceiver`~
In Figure N9-1, what is the name of `element 1` of the `Yagi` antenna?~
If you're high above the ground working on an antenna tower, you'll want
to use a good `safety belt` to `prevent you from accidentally falling`.
Also, wear a hard hat and safety glasses to protect you from things which
might be dropped or come loose from the tower.~
B.One of the stations must transmit both stations' call signs~
most transmitter power, 3700 kHz, 200 watts PEP output~
procedural signal, K, any station transmit~
D.`Turn down your power` output to the minimum necessary~
D.A resistor~
D.Only for two-way or third-party communications~
Why is transmitting on a police frequency as a "joke" called `harmful
interference` that `deserves a large penalty`?~
most transmitter power, Novice, 10-meter band, 200 watts PEP output~
A.20 Hz~
D.They must first know the right frequencies and emissions for
transmitting~
D.It switches a transceiver between different kinds of antennas connected
to one feed line~
D.A short way to describe sunspot activity~
What is the `most transmitter power` a `Novice` station may use on the `23-
centimeter band`?~
D.`All amateur emission privileges` authorized for use on the band~
D.A device which locks other stations out of a repeater when there is an
important conversation in progress~
C.Transmitting on one frequency and receiving on another~
The prefix "milli" means 1/1000 (one thousandth).  As you can see, there
are 1000 milliamperes in 1 ampere.  To change milliamperes to amperes, just
divide the number of milliamperes by 1000.  So, a `3000-milliampere
current` is also `3 amperes`.~
C.You may need to turn the volume up on your hand held~
Who may be the `control operator` of an amateur station?~
station, identified, every ten minutes, at the end of a contact~
B.52 volts~
B.25 watts PEP output~
B.Auroral distortion~
`RTTY` (radioteletype) signals may only be transmitted in the HF bands by
a `Novice` from `28.1 - 28.3 MHz`.  This range is in the `Novice` section
of the 10-meter band.  `RTTY` lets you send a message by typing on a
keyboard and nowadays is received on a screen, rather than printed on
paper.~
A.It `gets shorter`~
A simple formula tells us how long a half-wavelength antenna should be:
Length = 468/f.  Since we want a `quarter-wavelength` antenna instead of a
half-wavelength, we just divide 468 by 2 and get 234.  So, a `quarter-
wavelength` vertical antenna for `21.125 MHz` would be 234/21.125, or about
`11 ft`.~
What problem may occur if your `transmitter` is `operated without the
cover` and other shielding in place?~
B.An SWR meter~
B.Notice of Violation, common operating procedures, antenna lengths~
C.A window screen~
A.Symbol A~
Besides normal identification, what else must a `US station` do when
sending `third-party` communications `internationally`?~
D.The antenna is just right for operation on the band~
B.Between the transmitter and the coaxial cable~
In Figure N7-2, if block 2 is an `SWR meter` and block 3 is an `antenna
switch`, what is block 1?~
A.Sky-wave propagation~
What do you transmit to `identify your amateur station`?~
A.5 watts PEP output~
C.Mostly `north and south`~
B.An amateur station awaiting its new call letters from the FCC~
What does "`connected`" mean in a `packet-radio link`?~
B.Tune up on 40 meters first, then switch to the desired band~
C.A receiver audio filter~
An `FM` transmitter may cause `interference` to other stations `near its
frequency` if too much audio is used to modulate its signal.  For instance,
if you operate a transmitter with its microphone gain or `deviation control
set too high`, your signal will sound fuzzy and may interfere with stations
listening `near its frequency`.~
triode vacuum tube, instead of a transistor, handles higher power~
A.`Listen` to make sure `others are not using the frequency`~
D.A terminal-node controller~
`28.3 to 28.5 MHz` is the most popular `Novice` band.  Both `CW and
single-sideband phone` are allowed, (Morse code and voice), but voice is by
far the most popular.  There's always something happening on this `Novice`
band.~
D.It disappears~
What `connects` your `transceiver` to your `antenna`?~
C.All the emission privileges of the higher license, but only the
frequency privileges of your license~
A.Most of it goes in two opposite directions~
B.Kirchhoff's Law~
B.Within 21 days of the expiration date~
D.It may interfere with other stations operating near its frequency~
To make your call sign better `understood` when `using voice`
transmissions, what should you do?~
How should you `answer a voice CQ` call?~
B.Data or phone~
C.Iron or steel~
When two stations are `connected` through a `packet-radio link`, it means
that they are `sending data` packets only to each other and that the data
packets are being `received correctly` at each station.  Packet-radio can't
work right unless the two stations stay `connected`.~
B.It uses lower voltages~
B.Only when the operator is being paid~
B.All non-amateur stations~
Why should you wear a `hard hat` if you are `on the ground helping` someone
work on an antenna tower?~
ground rod, into the earth, copper or copper-clad steel~
C.`1/2 wavelength`~
C.A telegraph key switch~
B.`Any licensed amateur operator`~
C.A normal current~
A.`Glass, air, plastic, porcelain`~
Many modern transceivers have a connection for `RTTY operation`.  If you
connect a `modem` to a `transceiver`, and connect a `teleprinter or
computer system` to the `modem`, you'll be ready for `RTTY operation`.~
A simple formula tells us how long a `half-wavelength` antenna should be:
The antenna `length (in feet)` equals `468/f (in MHz)`, where f is the
operating (resonant) frequency of the antenna.~
D.A DTMF keypad~
C.`15 meters`~
Many modern transceivers can be used for `packet-radio operation`.  If you
connect a `terminal-node controller` to the microphone input of a
`transceiver`, and connect a `computer` system to the `terminal-node
controller`, you'll be ready for `packet-radio operation`.~
B.Keep `antenna away from your eyes` when RF is applied~
procedural signal, DE, from, this is~
C.`11 years`~
D.Both stations must transmit both call signs~
What is the basic `unit of voltage`?~
C.Top~
B.A 5 WPM code exam, Element 1(A); and a written exam, Element 3(A)~
Signals which jam a repeater or a police channel are called `harmful
interference`.  This `deserves a large penalty` because it `blocks
emergency` calls.  Imagine how you'd feel if you had an `emergency` and you
couldn't get help because someone was causing `harmful interference`.~
B.CW and phone~
A.Magnetomotive force, or inductance~
A.A `metallic cold water pipe`~
A.`126 ft`~
A.5 watts PEP output~
D.22 ft~
C.`Symbol C`~
D.A low-pass filter~
A.Send the letters "CQ" three times, followed by "DE," followed by your
call sign sent once~
A.Two wires twisted around each other in a spiral~
A.Anyone `except a representative of a foreign government`~
What speed should you use when `answering a CQ` call using `RTTY`?~
B.Any two-digit number, 22 through 45~
use electrical energy the fastest, 100 watt~
good indoor grounding point, metallic cold water pipe~
A.A DTMF keypad, a monitor and a transceiver~
C.They will be accurate but the readings must be divided by two~
D.An antenna gain of 1.5~
B.CW and data~
D.`Novice`, `Technician`, `General`, `Advanced`, `Amateur Extra`~
B.The US station must `transmit both call signs` at the end of each
communication~
RST, signal report, readability, signal strength, tone~
C.To preserve old radio techniques, maintain a pool of people familiar
with early tube-type equipment, and improve tube radios~
A.1/2 ampere~
C.`3 amperes`~
A.It `matches a transceiver` to a mismatched `antenna system`~
D.An area which is too far away for ground-wave or sky-wave propagation~
Which of these topics is `NOT part of the rules` and regulations of the
amateur service?~
C.Whenever the station is `transmitting`~
C.`Any number`~
Novice, 25 watts PEP output power, 1.25 meters~
B.250 watts PEP output~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show switch inputs and outputs as small
circles.  A solid line for each pole is drawn between the circles, and a
dotted line is used if there is more than one pole.  A `single-pole,
single-throw switch` (one input switched to one output) would show one
input circle, one output circle, and one solid line, just like `symbol A`.~
B.Symbol B~
A repeater has both `an input and an output frequency`.  This means it
listens for (`receives`) signals on its input frequency and repeats them
more powerfully (`transmits` them) on its output frequency.~
C.The microphone~
D.Make sure that RF leakage filters are connected~
Just like driving a car, you must have your `amateur license` with you
when you are the `control operator` of an amateur station.  Lots of hams
frame their original `amateur license` and keep it in their station, but
they carry a photocopy of it with them so they may be a `control operator`
wherever they go.~
B."Directional Emissions" from your antenna~
A.5 watts PEP output~
D.The ohm~
A.`No identification is required`~
Just a single digit (one number) is used for regular `US amateur call
signs`.  Any number `0 through 9` may be used.  The FCC picks the number of
the call sign area of the mailing address you give when you apply for your
license.~
What is the basic `unit of electrical power`?~
B.They can be bent by the ionosphere~
C.It lets electricity flow through it when light shines on it~
D.222 - 225 MHz~
You must always identify your amateur station with your call sign, except
when you are sending signals to a radio-controlled model, and your power is
one watt or less, and your name, address and call sign is on your
transmitter.  Except for this case, you may `never` use `unidentified
communications` on the ham bands.~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
B.`10 minutes`~
D.23 centimeters~
amateur license, transmit, amateur service~
D.A metallic natural gas pipe~
On what frequencies in the 10-meter band may `Novice` control operators use
`RTTY`?~
C.`200 watts PEP output`~
C.`200 watts PEP output`~
A.Data and phone~
B.A DTMF microphone, a monitor and a transceiver~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use on
frequencies from `28.3 to 28.5 MHz`?~
B.An impedance match which is good, but not the best~
How is `RTTY` usually transmitted?~
A.Audio~
B.A DTMF keypad~
On what frequencies in the 10-meter band may `Novice` control operators use
`data emissions`?~
What are three good `electrical conductors`?~
A.`Unidentified communications` or signals~
Why do we call signals in the range `20 Hz to 20,000 Hz audio frequencies`?~
your signal is extremely strong, adjustment, turn down your power~
most transmitter power, Novice, 23-centimeter band, 5 watts PEP output~
D.Say, "Breaker, breaker," then your call sign~
B.144.0 - 148.0 MHz~
C.Continue with your contact, making no changes~
C.Unwanted signals caused by sympathetic vibrations from a nearby
transmitter~
C.Data only~
B.You must be present whenever the station is operated~
D.29.1 - 29.3 MHz~
What is the correct way to `call CQ` when using `RTTY`?~
to call CQ, Morse code, "CQ" three times, your call sign sent three times~
B.Only during nationally declared emergencies~
B.`25 watts PEP output`~
D.It disappears~
A.Anyone who operates the controls of the station~
A.The `hertz`~
B.To keep dangerous RF radiation from coming in through an open cabinet~
ionosphere, sky-wave propagation~
What may cause a `buzzing or hum` in the signal of an HF transmitter?~
The `most transmitter power` a `Novice` may use on the `23-centimeter
band` is `5 watts PEP output`.  That's enough power to operate a repeater
or make a contact in your local area.~
C.The transmitter is putting out more power than normal, showing that it
is about to go bad~
A.`Never`~
operate, in the US, whenever you want to~
A.Too much voltage from the power supply~
B.CW and data~
codes or ciphers, never, special requirements~
With a `Novice` license and its `CW only` (Morse code) privileges on the
`40-meter band`, you could chat with someone hundreds of miles away during
the day.  At night it is sometimes crowded, but the `40-meter band` reaches
all around the world!~
Why would you use a `key-operated on/off switch` in the main power line of
your station?~
While a `packet-radio` station is `monitoring`, it will be `displaying
messages` only, and `not replying` to them.  It's the same as if you
listened to two hams talking on the air and wrote down (displayed) what you
heard, but without replying back to either one of them.~
D.It disappears~
C.They wander in any direction~
D.`At any time`, `unless it is not allowed` by either government~
Almost all metals are good electrical conductors and almost all non-metals
are good `electrical insulators`, but carbon is a non-metal that is not an
insulator.  In this question look for the non-metal, non-carbon materials
`glass`, `air`, `plastic` and `porcelain`.~
answer a Morse code CQ, station's call sign twice, your call sign twice~
C.A `personal radio service` used for self-training, communication, and
technical studies~
If you always `use Standard International Phonetics` when you give your
call sign `using voice`, you'll be better `understood` by anyone listening.
`Standard International Phonetics` are words which stand for the different
letters of the alphabet, and were chosen to be `understood` even by hams
who don't use English as their language.~
unit of resistance, ohm~
A.`Between the coaxial cable and the antenna`~
A.An ohmmeter~
B.To link amateur stations with the telephone system~
No transmitter sends a perfect signal on only one frequency.  Unwanted
signals called `harmonic radiation` are also transmitted which are
multiples of the fundamental (chosen) frequency.  These signals are usually
`out-of-band` and `may cause interference` to others if they are strong
enough.~
C.Amplitude-compandored sideband~
A.`A jumpy reading`~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  If the electrons flow back and forth, first in one direction,
then in the opposite direction, this is called `alternating current`.  The
`number of times per second` the electrons go back and forth is called the
`frequency` of the `alternating current`.~
D.Station construction standards, FCC approved radios, FCC approved
antennas~
B.A `transceiver` and a terminal or `computer` system~
D.Anywhere within 50 km of the station location~
B.An FCC Form 610 together with a license examination fee~
D.Driven element~
`Emergency communications` are needed wherever a disaster strikes.  Hams
are known for making new electronic inventions (advance the `radio art` and
`improve technical skills`).  Hams also practice what to say and how to
operate during an emergency (`improve` communication skills).~
A `metallic cold water pipe` is a good conductor and it is buried in the
ground.  And, since water can't catch fire from a spark, a `metallic cold
water pipe` makes a `good indoor grounding point`.  ~
Which electrical circuit can have `no current`?~
A.K, N, U and W~
D.Symbol D~
D.Make sure you connect an RF leakage filter at the antenna feed point~
B.Recreation planning~
B.`Right`~
RST signal reports, signal reception~
C.An antenna~
connect an SWR meter, between the feed line and the antenna~
B.Only if it does not interfere with others~
C.Touching the antenna might radiate harmonics~
send Morse code, telegraph key~
A.The repeater `receives` on one frequency and `transmits` on another~
A.CW and data~
C.An amateur service license from any government which is a member of the
`European Community` (EC)~
What amount of `transmitter power` must amateur stations use at all times?~
B.Use a `key-operated on/off switch` in the main power line~
A.Symbol A~
C.Twisted pair~
C.`KA9OLS`~
D.A `receiver`~
Don't just turn on your transceiver, hold down the microphone button and
start talking right away.  Somebody might be using the frequency.  Take a
few seconds to `listen` just `before you transmit` to make sure `others are
not using the frequency`.  If so, just move up or down the band a little.~
C.An amateur who volunteers to `test` others for `amateur license`s~
What is the `pressure` that `forces electrons to flow` through a circuit?~
An amateur station must always have a licensed control operator in charge
whenever it's on the air.  `Unlicensed persons` can't be `control
operators`.  They have no call sign to identify the station, and they
usually don't know the rules for operating or the right frequencies for
transmitting.  It's just as if they were driving a car without a driver's
license.~
D.Use a larger size feed line~
A `chirp` is heard on a CW signal when there is a `small change in a
transmitter's frequency` every time the transmitter is keyed.  To keep a CW
transmitter from chirping during on/off keying, its power supply must keep
circuit voltages very steady.~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show switch inputs and outputs as small
circles.  A solid line for each pole is drawn between the circles, and a
dotted line is used if there is more than one pole.  A `double-pole,
single-throw switch` would show two input circles, two output circles, and
two solid lines connected by a dotted line, just like `symbol C`.~
B.Speed~
If you made a `quarter-wavelength` vertical antenna for `7125 kHz`, how
long would it be (to the nearest foot)?~
A.Transmit on public-service frequencies~
In the US, electrical drawings (schematics) show a transistor as a circle
surrounding a short vertical bar which touches two sloping lines, one
sloping up and the other sloping down with an arrow on it.  If the arrow
points away from the vertical line, an `NPN transistor` is shown, just like
`symbol D`.~
A.It lets electricity flow through it in one direction~
500 milliwatts, watts, 0.5~
A.The `antenna is the wrong length`, or there may be an `open or shorted`
connection somewhere in the feed line~
D.A station in an `Amateur Radio service` used for radiocommunications~
A transistor uses low voltages and can't handle very much heat.  A vacuum
tube uses higher voltages and can stand lots of heat.  If you wanted to
build a circuit which used high power, you might use a `triode vacuum tube`
`instead of a transistor` because a tube `handles higher power` without
becoming overheated.~
A.A variable resistor~
B.It will operate with a high SWR, and it works well when tied down to
metal objects~
Switches are described by poles and throws.  Poles are the number of
inputs switched at the same time and throws are the number of outputs for
each input.  `Single-pole` means `one input` and `double-throw` means two
outputs.  So, a `single-pole, double-throw` switch would connect `one
input` to `either of two outputs`.~
D.A repeater built using only digital electronics parts~
C.A single digit, 1 though 9~
B.An amateur who volunteers to teach amateur classes~
C.Packet communication~
C.Between the transmitter and the receiver~
B.The watt~
C.General~
D.An antenna switch~
What identification, if any, is required when two amateur stations `begin
communications`?~
C.A written `proof of communication` between two amateurs~
station licensee, responsible, proper operation~
D.Call the FCC office in Gettysburg, PA, and give them your new address
over the phone~
If electrons flow back and forth in a circuit, first in one direction,
then in the opposite direction, this is called alternating current.  The
number of times per second the electrons go back and forth is called the
frequency of the alternating current.  The basic `unit of frequency` is
called the `hertz` and it means one back and forth flow per second.~
D.7000 - 7300 kHz~
D.3,000,000 amperes~
There must always be a `control operator` in charge of an amateur station
if it is `transmitting`.  It is very important for a `control operator` to
make sure that all of the FCC rules are obeyed when a station
`transmitting`.~
B.You were sending CW too fast~
If `another amateur` transmits from your station, which of these is `NOT
true`?~
D.Go ahead~
safety belt, prevent you from accidentally falling~
B.A device which connects a mobile station to the next repeater if it
moves out of range of the first~
A.`Novice` and `Technician`~
C.Only if he or she reports all such payments to the IRS~
A.An alternating current~
unit of voltage, volt~
B.11 ft~
overload, high-pass~
A.Twin lead~
D.`Driven element`~
7125 kHz, marked in megahertz, 7.125 MHz~
A.`Sky-wave` propagation~
B.A way of `connecting packet-radio stations` so data can be sent over
`long distances`~
A.Low-pass~
A.`28,640 kHz`~
Novice, 23-centimeter band, all amateur emission privileges~
C.Since you can talk to any foreign amateurs, your friend may keep talking
as long as you are the control operator~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use from
`7100 to 7150 kHz` in ITU Region 2?~
D.Intermodulation~
B.Twin lead~
D.A receiving station is `displaying messages` that may not be sent to it,
and is `not replying` to any message~
To make the best ground connection possible, a `ground rod` must be a good
conductor and it must also stand up to the wear and tear of being hammered
`into the earth` and staying buried for a long time.  A `copper or copper-
clad steel` rod has both of these qualities.~
An antenna works the same way with radio waves as a guitar string works
with sound waves.  As the guitar string or antenna is made longer, the
pitch or resonant frequency of both gets lower and lower.  So, you will
`lower the resonant frequency` of an antenna if you `lengthen` it.~
B.Make sure the antenna feed line is properly grounded~
C.A closed circuit~
D.Only at your primary station location~
When you say "`73`" on the air, you're saying "`best regards`".  (Some
hams say "`73`'s" instead of "`73`", but "`73`" is proper.)  Usually you'll
give your "`best regards`" at the end of a contact with someone.~
What is the definition of the `amateur service`?~
B.1/3 wavelength~
If you send `a message` for someone or let them talk on your station, this
is called `third-party communications`.  Any kind of `a message` sent by or
`for someone else` is called `third-party communications`.~
C.200 - 200,000 Hz~
C.CW and phone~
What can a `single-pole, double-throw` switch do?~
D.Anyone~
C.Anytime, unless there is a third-party agreement between the US and the
foreign government~
Novice, 28.3 to 28.5 MHz, CW and single-sideband phone~
A.Too much low-pass filtering on the transmitter~
C.To a good `ground connection`~
Why should you use only `good quality coaxial cable and connectors` for a
`UHF` antenna system?~
D.Each station must transmit its own call sign at the end of each
communication, and at least every five minutes after that~
Someday you might just be having fun listening on a frequency which is
outside your amateur license privileges, and suddenly hear a "MAYDAY"
`distress call`.  You are allowed to `help` the station in distress `in any
way possible`, usually by transmitting on the station's frequency and
finding out where it's located and what kind of emergency help is needed.~
C.Ground-wave propagation~
B.It `blocks` police calls which might be an `emergency` and interrupts
police communications~
D.Whether or not it has a phone patch~
B.1240 - 1300 MHz~
C.It may cause atmospheric interference in the air around the antenna~
paid to transmit messages, club station, special requirements~
C.A repeater that changes audio signals to digital data~
value that can be changed, potentiometer~
A.Long distance~
B.Between the transmitter and the power supply~
When is an amateur allowed to `broadcast` information `to the general
public`?~
When is the use of `codes or ciphers` allowed to hide the meaning of an
amateur message?~
B.`3675 - 3725 kHz`~
`Codes or ciphers` which hide the meaning of a message are `never` allowed
unless `special requirements` are met:  The station must be used for space
telecommand (such as amateur satellite control).  But for everyday ham
communications, `codes or ciphers` aren't allowed.~
D.A multiple-cell battery~
B.Use any words which start with the same letters as your call sign for
each letter of your call~
It's always best for an antenna's impedance to match the impedance of its
feed line.  If an antenna of `35-ohms impedance` is to be connected to a
coaxial cable feed line of `50-ohms impedance`, an `impedance matching
device` between the two would cut down the mismatch.~
C.Yes, but only during normal business hours, between 9 AM and 5 PM,
weekdays~
Ohm's law says that the voltage to a circuit equals the current flowing
through it multiplied by its resistance (E=IR).  So, if the current is `2
amperes` through a `50-ohm` resistance, E = 2 x 50, or E = `100 volts`.~
`Balun` simply means balanced to unbalanced.  A feed line is unbalanced if
one of its conductors is connected to ground, such as coaxial cable.  If a
balanced antenna, such as a dipole, is to be fed with coaxial cable, a
`balun` connected `between the coaxial cable and the antenna` will
electrically separate the antenna from the ground connection.~
B.Between your computer and monitor~
A.`RTTY`~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
Where does a `US amateur license` allow you to operate?~
A.Any privileges allowed by the higher license~
B.It may transmit a chirpy signal~
When a signal travels in a `straight line` from one antenna to another,
what is this called?~
A.It may cause digital interference to computer equipment~
A.28.0 - 28.3 MHz~
A.0.003525 kHz~
C.It stays the same~
D.Incorrect antenna length~
most transmitter power, Novice, 28.125 MHz, 200 watts PEP output~
How do `sunspots` change the ionization of the atmosphere?~
A.To insulated shock mounts~
B.`28.1 - 28.3 MHz`~
A parallel-conductor feed line is simply `two conductors` (wires) side-by-
side (parallel to each other).  If the `two conductors` are out in the open
and are `held apart by insulated rods` every few inches or so, the feed
line looks something like a ladder, so it's called `open-conductor ladder
line`.~
RTTY operation, modem, transceiver, teleprinter or computer system~
C.`25 inches`~
understood, using voice, use Standard International Phonetics~
C.Check your antenna for resonance at the selected frequency~
Where would you `connect an SWR meter` to measure standing wave ratio?~
500,000 microfarads, 0.5 farads~
What is the word used to describe `how fast electrical energy is used`?~
21,375 kHz, 7125 kHz, harmonic signals~
Although the `human ear can sense` sound waves in the range of `20 Hz -
20,000 Hz`, we can't hear radio waves at any frequency unless they are
changed to sound energy by a radio receiver.  So, any waves in the range of
`20 Hz to 20,000 Hz` are called `audio frequencies` even if we can't hear
them directly.~
B.The Federal Communications Commission (`FCC`)~
C.70 years or younger~
D.Radio station location is~
B.35.25 kHz~
electrical insulators, glass, air, plastic, porcelain~
What does `RST` mean in a `signal report`?~
Which component has a `positive and a negative side`?~
C.500 farads~
D.Continue operating normally, because you have no reason to worry about
the interference~
B.Only the station licensee~
B.It logs repeater transmit time to predict when a repeater will fail~
Many modern transceivers can be used for `packet-radio operation`.  If you
connect a `terminal-node controller` to the microphone input of a
`transceiver`, and connect a terminal or `computer` system to the
`terminal-node controller`, you'll be ready for `packet-radio operation`.~
In `RTTY operation`, what equipment connects to a `modem`?~
NOT part of the rules, station construction~
B.Send the letters `"CQ" three to six times`, followed by "DE," followed
by `your call sign sent three times`~
A.`Both of you`~
A.Only if they are `for the safety of human life` or immediate protection
of property~
A.It does not work well when tied down to `metal objects`, and you must
use an `impedance matching device` with your transceiver~
D.Only when broadcasts last longer than 15 minutes~
If someone tells you that signals from your hand held transceiver are
`interfering` with other signals on a `frequency near yours`, what may be
the cause?~
When you're ready to take a `test` for your `amateur license`, you'll meet
with a team of `Volunteer Examiners` (VEs) who are all hams themselves.
They will give you a `test` (made up of the questions you're studying right
now!), grade it and tell you if you passed or failed.  If you pass, they
will tell the FCC that you qualify for an `amateur license`.~
What is the correct way to `call CQ` when using `voice`?~
third-party communications, a message, for someone else~
C.It does not work well when tied down to metal objects, and it cannot
operate under high power~
shielding in a transmitter, prevents unwanted RF radiation~
C.270 ohms~
D.Voltage~
procedural signal, CQ, calling any station~
D.500,000,000 farads~
Why must an amateur operator have a current US Postal `mailing address`?~
C.Between your `computer` and `transceiver`~
D.To an antenna~
B.When operating a beacon transmitter in a "fox hunt" exercise~
The frequency of `28.125 MHz` is in the `Novice` section of the 10-meter
band.  The `most transmitter power` a `Novice` may use here is `200 watts
PEP output`, but that's good enough to reach anywhere in the world if
ionospheric conditions are right.~
D.A chart of the frequencies allowed for your class of license~
What should you do for `safety before removing the shielding` on a UHF
power amplifier?~
If you're in your car and you see an emergency, you can use a `repeater`
with an `autopatch` to `make telephone calls` to get help.  If you are
driving through another city, you can also use a `repeater` with an
`autopatch` to `make telephone calls` to let someone know you'll be
arriving.~
`US amateur call signs` use the letters `A, K, N and W` to start the call.
Other starting letters are used for other countries, but only US calls may
start with `A, K, N and W`.~
The prefix "kilo" means 1,000 (a thousand).  So, a kilohertz means 1,000
`hertz`.  There are `1000` `hertz` (Hz) `in a kilohertz` (kHz).~
What is the meaning of the term "`73`"?~
If you are operating on `21.150 MHz`, in what amateur band are you
operating?~
If you pass a Morse code test and a written test covering the questions
you're now studying, you'll get a `Novice` license.  This lets you operate
on the `80-meter band` of frequencies using `CW only` (Morse code).  At
night you can talk anywhere in the world on the `80-meter band` using Morse
code!~
C.300 amperes~
What letters must be used for the first letter in `US amateur call signs`?~
D.It `limits the amount of time` someone can transmit on a repeater~
No matter what the modulation type, whether AM, FM, single-sideband, or
some other type, all `voice` emissions are called `phone`.~
A.Signals in the 3.5 MHz range~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
`current`.  A pressure called `voltage` forces electrons through the
`resistance` of the circuit.  A `formula` known as `Ohm's Law` says that
the `voltage` of a circuit equals the `current` flowing multiplied by the
`resistance` (`voltage` = `current` times `resistance`, abbreviated E=IR).~
transceiver, dummy antenna, antenna switch~
coaxial cable, center wire, covered by a metal sleeve or shield~
A.`Any privileges allowed` by the higher license~
D.When the National Weather Service has announced a severe weather watch~
A.It has low impedance, and will operate with a high SWR~
third-party, other than a control operator~
A.A key-click filter~
The flow of electrons in a circuit is called current and the pressure of
this flow is called voltage.  `Power` is a measure of `how fast electrical
energy is used`.  It is calculated by multiplying the voltage times the
current.  If the voltage or current in a circuit goes up, the circuit uses
more `power`.~
D.There is a large amount of solar radiation, which means very poor radio
conditions~
D.1000000~
B.Its call sign~
C.Frequency band plans, repeater locations, Ohm's law~
hard hat, on the ground helping, protect your head~
amplify a small signal, low voltages, PNP transistor~
Where would you connect a `terminal-node controller` for `packet-radio
operation`?~
B.7100 - 7150 kHz~
D.A `microphone`~
C.15 meters~
D.For safety, to turn off the station in the event of an emergency~
back and forth, alternating current~
B.A computer, a printer and a RTTY refresh unit~
If you want to measure the relative impedance match between an antenna and
its feed line, connect a `standing wave ratio` meter (abbreviated `SWR
meter`) between the two.  A perfect match will read 1:1 on the `SWR meter`.~
A.It decreases~
A.Only when training another amateur~
D.60 meters per second~
B.`1 microfarad`~
A.The 60 watt bulb~
B.An `amateur` station's `transmissions`~
single-pole, double-throw, one input, either of two outputs~
C.The Volunteer Examiner Coordinators (VECs)~
A.A terminal-node switch~
A.Resistance~
`At 1270 MHz`, RF radiation from a transmitting antenna is similar to
microwave oven radiation.  For best `safety`, always hold your 1270 MHz
transceiver's `antenna away from your eyes`, because your eyes are
sensitive to RF energy `at 1270 MHz`.~
D.A special signal used for telemetry between amateur space stations and
Earth stations~
D.1000000~
How long is an average `sunspot cycle`?~
How can an antenna system best be `protected from lightning damage`?~
When your station is on the air, you must make sure that it is identified
by sending your call sign at least every `10 minutes`.  You may identify
more often than this, but the `longest period of time` you can go without
identifying is `10 minutes`.~
C.Any messages sent by amateur stations~
A.An overload in a receiver's audio circuit whenever CW is received~
C.TV receiver front-end overload~
If you make contact with another station and `your signal is extremely
strong` and perfectly readable, what `adjustment` might you make to your
transmitter?~
A.Divide 150 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [150/f (in
MHz)]~
C.Anyone except an employee of the US government~
C.200 watts PEP output~
B.An ammeter~
All `US amateur call` signs start with the letter A, K, N or W, and have
one number in between at least three letters.  There are five types of
letter and number groups.  For example:  1x2=W5YI, 2x1=NS5I, 2x2=KB9NM,
1x3=N4BAQ, and 2x3=WB6NOA.  In this question, only the call sign `KA9OLS`
starts with A, K, N or W, and is in one of the five groups (a 2x3).~
3-30 MHz RF power meter, at UHF frequencies, may not be accurate~
No transmitter sends a perfect signal on only one frequency.  Unwanted
signals called `harmonic radiation` are also transmitted which are
multiples of the fundamental (chosen) frequency.  A `multi-band antenna`
and a `poorly tuned transmitter` may produce enough `harmonic radiation` to
cause interference to others.~
C.Symbol C~
B.25 watts PEP output~
unit of electrical power, watt~
two conductors, held apart by insulated rods, open-conductor ladder line~
Which one of the following `does not allow` a person to `control` a US
amateur station?~
It takes an `amateur` `license` to `operate` (transmit from) an `amateur
station`.  The `license` is called an FCC operator/primary station
`license` because it allows you to `operate` an `amateur station`, and also
gives the location of your main (primary) `amateur station`.~
D.Copper, aluminum, paper~
D.40,000 meters~
D.An FCC Certificate of Successful Completion of Amateur Training~
A.Only during contests~
When you use Morse code to talk to someone on the air, the `procedural
signal` "`DE`" is used to mean "`from`" or "`this is`".  In this question,
"W9NGT DE N9BTT" means "Station W9NGT `this is` station N9BTT".  Just
remember "`DE`" by thinking of someone with a heavy-duty New York accent
saying something like "`D`is `E`z" (`this is`).~
A.A terminal-node switch~
key-operated on/off switch, unauthorized persons~
another amateur, responsible, control operator~
A.Signals are reflected by a mountain~
What are the regions of `ionized gases high above the earth` called?~
D.20 minutes~
C.Put a "Danger - High Voltage" sign in the station~
A.CW and phone~
D.`Frequency`~
B.`20 - 20,000 Hz`~
FM, shout into its microphone, interference, near its frequency~
What is the meaning of the `procedural signal "DE"`?~
C.The ampere~
C.It may cause atmospheric interference in the air around the antenna~
What does an `electrical insulator` do?~
foreign country, third party, third-party agreement~
B.`3.5 volts`~
A.A station in a public radio service used for radiocommunications~
C.`200 watts PEP output`~
What are the frequency limits of the `15-meter Novice` band?~
C.It can switch two inputs at the same time, one input to either of two
outputs, and the other input to either of two outputs~
D.Phone only~
D.They move in a circle going either east or west from the transmitter~
D.Twisted pair~
skip zone, too far away for ground-wave, too close for sky-wave~
C.Within 50 km of your primary station location~
A.Symbol A~
If data packets must be sent over `long distances`, sometimes a `network`
of packet-radio stations is set up.  `Connecting packet-radio stations` in
a `network` is like setting up runners in a relay race to move the baton
(data packets) from the start to the finish line (over `long distances`).~
D.`To keep anyone` opening the cabinet `from getting shocked` by dangerous
high voltages~
B.They go in a `straight line`~
B.An `electronic keyer`~
A.The FCC is copying all messages~
C.A key click filter~
Who `makes` and `enforces` the `rules` and regulations of the amateur service in
the US?~
D.When you need to hide the meaning of a message for secrecy~
C.`1.25 meters`~
D."Calling any station"~
A.3700 - 3750 kHz~
VHF or UHF signals, reflected~
A.Send the letters "CQ" three times, followed by "DE," followed by your
call sign sent once~
C.Providing emergency communications~
What can be done to `keep a CW transmitter from chirping`?~
B.Data~
D.Phone only~
A.You must first give permission for the other amateur to use your station~
C.`Any licensed amateur` chosen by the station licensee~
C.An `impedance matching device`~
3725 kHz, marked in hertz, 3,725,000 Hz~
B.The `same speed as the received signal`~
B.Resistance~
D.Unidentified transmissions~
C.Its power level~
A.It may cause digital interference to computer equipment~
C.Boom~
A.`21.100 - 21.200 MHz`~
D.To `protect` the station and building from `lightning damage`~
D.An amateur station that communicates with Space Shuttles~
B.A person who is sent a message by amateur communications `other than a
control operator` who handles the message~
A.By `frequency-shift keying` an `RF signal`~
In the United States the standard for `wall outlet` voltage in the home is
`120 volts` at a frequency of 60 Hz.  Be careful if you take your radio to
another country which does not use `120 volts` at 60 Hz for a `wall
outlet`.~
C.An FCC `amateur` operator/primary station `license`~
What is the correct way `to call CQ` when using `Morse code`?~
D.If there is a `third-party agreement` with the US government, or if the
third party could be the control operator~
B.One of the stations must give both stations' call signs~
A.You may need a power amplifier for your hand held~
A.10~
balun, between the coaxial cable and the antenna~
D.29.1 - 29.3 MHz~
A.Novice, Communicator, General, Advanced, Amateur Extra~
C.A station using equipment for training new radiocommunications operators~
A.3500 - 4000 kHz~
What should you do for `safety` if you put up a `UHF transmitting antenna`?~
A.2 years~
electrical conductors, gold, silver, aluminum~
shorten transmitter tune-up time, cut down on interference, dummy load~
B.5 years~
A.`Coaxial cable`~
What is the main `purpose of a repeater`?~
If a signal is a harmonic of another signal, it means that the frequency
of the first signal is exactly two, or three, or more times the frequency
of the second signal.  If you divide `21,375 kHz` by `7125 kHz`, you get
exactly 3, so `21,375 kHz` is the third harmonic of `7125 kHz`, and your
transmitter is radiating `harmonic signals` strong enough to be received.~
A.`30 ohms`~
C.Code practice planning~
QTH, my location is~
What is a good way to make `contact on a repeater`?~
What would you connect between a `computer` system and a `transceiver` for
`packet-radio operation`?~
A.A copy of the Rules and Regulations of the Amateur Service (Part 97)~
A.You must allow another amateur to operate your station upon request~
How often must an amateur `station` be `identified`?~
A.An SWR meter~
What does an `antenna tuner` do?~
simplex operation, on the same frequency~
On what HF frequencies may `Novice` control operators use `single-sideband
(SSB) phone`?~
B.Only one at a time, except for emergency communications~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show a `chassis ground` as something that
looks like a garden rake with the handle pointing up and the teeth of the
rake pointing down.  `Symbol A` is an example of a `chassis ground`.~
Almost every `transceiver` has a connection for a `telegraph key` so you
can `send Morse code`.  The `telegraph key` is just a switch that you turn
on and off as you `send Morse code`.  This switches the transmitter section
of the `transceiver` on and off in time with the `telegraph key`.~
The only band where a `Novice` may use no more than `25 watts PEP output
power` is `1.25 meters`, but that's easily enough power to operate a
repeater or make a contact in the local area.  Just remember:  200 watts
for HF, 25 watts for 1.25 meters, and 5 watts for 23 centimeters.~
QSL card, proof of communication~
C.`1000`~
In the US, (ITU Region 2), a `Novice` may use `FM phone` from `222.1 -
223.91 MHz` (in the 1.25-meter band).  Most major cities have repeaters
which cover this frequency range, and hand-held radios which transmit `FM
phone` signals are easy to buy.~
repeater, output frequency, input frequency~
A.UA4HAK~
What is `parallel-conductor feed line`?~
C.It uses less current~
D.An amateur who volunteers to examine amateur station equipment~
If you're tuned to `3700 kHz`, you're in the `80 meter` band.  The laws of
physics tell us that if the number 300 is divided by the frequency in MHz,
we'll get the wavelength in meters (and then we'll pick the closest
answer).  `3700 kHz` equals 3.7 MHz, so 300 divided by 3.7 is 81.08 (or `80
meters` as the nearest answer).~
Here's the highest of the Novice frequencies, `1270-1295 MHz`.  Like the
1.25-meter band, the `23-centimeter Novice band` doesn't have a long range.
There are repeaters on this band in a few cities, and it's a great place to
experiment with amateur television, packet and spread spectrum.~
A.No non-amateur stations~
D.The repeater must receive an access code on one frequency before
retransmitting received signals~
B.The `antenna is too long` for operation on the band~
C.The wiring connections on a terminal-node controller board~
C.15 meters~
D.`CW only`~
to a transceiver, RTTY operation, modem, teleprinter or computer system~
B.Public service communications for a political party~
What are the frequency limits of the `80-meter Novice band`?~
ground all antenna and rotator cables, protect, lightning damage~
D.To `prevent you from accidentally falling`~
What device converts `household current to 12 VDC`?~
B.It gets longer~
C.2 meters~
C.Only at specific times (at 15 and 30 minutes after the hour)~
B.`Fill out an FCC Form 610` using your new address, attach a copy of your
license, and mail it to the `FCC` office in `Gettysburg`, PA~
C.`100 volts`~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use in the
`40-meter band`?~
C.Call your local FCC Field Office and give them your new address over the
phone~
B.An ohmmeter~
A.80, 40, 15, and 10 meters~
A.To safely hold your tools so they don't fall and injure someone on the
ground~
B.Waveform~
B.21.000 - 21.450 MHz~
B.`Best regards`~
A novice license let's you `control` `any number` of `transmitters` at the
same time.  Wow!  Just imagine how big your station could be!  Well, maybe
not too big.  It would probably be hard to keep a lot of `transmitters`
under your `control`.~
B.0.3 amperes~
D.The programming in a terminal-node controller that rejects other callers
if a station is already connected~
B.Phone~
B.Make sure that RF field screens are in place~
B."All received correctly"~
How long is an antenna that is `400 centimeters` long?~
A.A `terminal-node controller`~
C.`Gold, silver, aluminum`~
For safety, how high should you place a `horizontal wire antenna?`~
D.The amateur operator with the highest class of license who is near the
controls of the station~
How could you best keep `unauthorized persons` from using a mobile amateur
station in your car?~
The number of times per second a signal cycles back and forth is called
its frequency.  A signal also travels at the speed of light as it cycles.
The distance a signal moves during one complete cycle is called its
`wavelength`.  As a signal's `frequency increases`, it has less time to
move in one cycle, so its `wavelength` `gets shorter`.~
C.RTTY only~
B.16 ft~
B.KBL7766~
C.It `prevents unwanted RF radiation`~
deliberately interfere, never~
In Figure N6-3 which symbol represents a `chassis ground`?~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show an `antenna` as a V-shaped line with
a straight line running through the center of the V.  `Symbol C` shows the
schematic symbol for an `antenna`.~
A.`Director`~
When a Novice `station is transmitting`, where must its `control operator`
be?~
A.They will go around the building~
When should you use `simplex operation instead of a repeater`?~
B.Earth-moon-earth propagation~
D.It helps keep electronic parts warmer and more stable~
A.Phone only~
What is a `QSL card`?~
C.28,160 kHz~
purpose of a repeater, increase the range~
What is the definition of an `amateur operator`?~
B.Current~
When you're not using your station, it's a good idea to `ground all
antenna and rotator cables`.  That way, if a thunderstorm moves in when
you're not around, the grounded cables will help `protect` your station
from `lightning damage` from a nearby lightning strike.~
B.About 30 volts~
The prefix "milli" means 1/1000 (one thousandth).  As you can see, there
are 1000 milliwatts in 1 watt.  To change milliwatts to `watts`, just
divide the number of milliwatts by 1000.  So, `500 milliwatts` is `0.5`
`watts`.~
Sometimes when there are `strong signals` coming into a television
receiver from a nearby transmitter, `receiver overload` will occur and
appear as interference on the TV screen.  If this happens, connecting a
high-pass filter between the TV and its antenna will usually fix the
problem.~
When you get on the air, you might hear a station using Morse code to call
CQ (anyone listening may answer).  To `answer a Morse code CQ`, send the
`station's call sign twice`, then the letters "DE", then `your call sign
twice`.  For instance, if NS5I is calling CQ, W5YI would answer by sending:
"NS5I NS5I DE W5YI W5YI"~
D.All the frequency privileges of the higher license, but only the
emission privileges of your license~
C.35 volts~
A `receiver` is a sensitive electronic circuit which can pick up faint
signals from far away.  It is designed to handle small voltages and
currents and should `never be connected to the output` of an operating
transceiver, even for an instant.~
B.About 30 volts~
C.`Wavelength`~
A.1/4 wavelength~
The prefix "micro" means 1/1,000,000 (one millionth).  As you can see,
there are 1,000,000 microfarads in a farad.  To change microfarads to
farads, just divide the number of microfarads by 1,000,000.  So, `500,000
microfarads` is also `0.5 farads`.~
ground rod, into the earth, shortest length, 8 feet~
D.Keep the power supply `voltages very steady`~
C.`8 feet`~
C.A list of countries which allow third-party communications from the US~
C.`Ground all antennas` when they are not in use~
D.Plastic, rubber, wood, carbon~
C.Between the antenna and the ground~
D.No one unless specifically authorized by the government~
B.To keep the tower from becoming unbalanced while you are working~
A.A way of connecting terminal-node controllers by telephone so data can
be sent over long distances~
D.They will be accurate but the readings must be multiplied by two~
D.10 feet~
C.`Only those authorized` by the FCC~
An `FM` transmitter may cause interference to other stations near its
frequency if too much audio is used to modulate its signal (if you are
`over deviating` its signal).  If you don't have a microphone gain control
you can turn down, just `talk further away` from the microphone.~
What is one meaning of the Q signal "`QTH`"?~
C.Boom~
D.A transmitting and receiving station are using a digipeater, so no other
contacts can take place until they are finished~
safety equipment, working on an antenna tower, safety belt~
D.A smooth current~
household current to 12 VDC, power supply~
B.10 meters~
A.The more sunspots there are, the `greater the ionization`~
pressure, forces electrons to flow, voltage~
What kind of antenna feed line is made of `two conductors held apart by
insulated rods`?~
autopatch, repeater, make telephone calls~
C.An SWR bridge~
D.Both stations must transmit both call signs~
An antenna works the same way with radio waves as a guitar string works
with sound waves.  As the guitar string or `antenna is made shorter`, the
pitch or `resonant frequency` of both gets higher and higher (it
`increases`).~
When may you `operate` your amateur station somewhere `in the US` besides
the location listed on your license?~
What is the name of a current that flows `back and forth`, first in one
direction, then in the opposite direction?~
D.Touching the antenna might reflect the signal back to the transmitter
and cause damage~
C.To save electricity~
What is one reason a `triode vacuum tube` might be used `instead of a
transistor` in a circuit?~
In `packet-radio operation`, what equipment connects to a `terminal-node
controller`?~
What type of filter should be connected to a TV receiver as the first step
in trying to prevent RF `overload` from an amateur HF station transmission?~
D.Send the letters "CQ" over and over~
Power is a measure of how fast electrical energy is used and is measured
in watts.  Comparing 100, 75 and 60 watt bulbs to each other, the bulb with
the highest wattage, the `100 watt` bulb, will `use electrical energy the
fastest` (and it will shine the brightest).~
half-wavelength, 223 MHz, 25 inches~
In the US, electrical drawings (schematics) show a transistor as a circle
surrounding a short vertical bar which touches two sloping lines, one
sloping up and the other sloping down with an arrow on it.  If the arrow
points toward the vertical line, a `PNP transistor` is shown, just like
`symbol A`.~
A.Two wires side-by-side in a plastic ribbon~
control operator, amateur license~
high voltages, vacuum tube~
What is a "`third-party`" in amateur communications?~
hear an emergency call, take the emergency call~
How many farads is `500,000 microfarads`?~
What can happen to `VHF or UHF signals` going towards a metal-framed
building?~
What are three `reasons` that the amateur service exists?~
D.`CW only`~
SWR reading of 1:1, best impedance match~
Yagi, send out radio energy, one direction~
A.To make local information available 24 hours a day~
B.Reactance~
If your `SWR meter` is connected to an `antenna tuner` on one side, what
would you connect to the other side of it?~
B.The speaker~
length (in feet), quarter-wavelength, 234/f (in MHz)~
B.It is `much longer`~
D.A, N, V and W~
What may happen if an `FM` transmitter is operated with the microphone gain
or `deviation control set too high`?~
C.Make sure the antenna is near the ground to keep its RF energy pointing
in the correct direction~
years, amateur license, 10~
What would you connect `to a transceiver` for `voice operation`?~
If you allow `another amateur` to be `responsible` for the transmissions
from your station, what is the other operator called?~
C.It is about the same~
A."`From`" or "`this is`," as in "W9NGT DE N9BTT"~
A.Say the call sign of the station you want to contact three times~
Most transceivers have a connection for a `telegraph key` so you can `send
Morse code`.  The `telegraph key` is just a switch that you turn on and off
as you `send Morse code`.  This switches the transmitter section of the
transceiver on and off in time with the `telegraph key`.~
Novice, 5 watts PEP output power, 23 centimeters~
D.`Phone`~
unauthorized persons, disconnect the microphone~
B.Reduce your SWR~
What does `chirp` mean?~
automobile battery, 12 volts~
C.Most of it goes equally in `all horizontal directions`~
A.`Never`~
B.Divide 234 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [`234/f (in
MHz)`]~
radio frequency, 20,000 Hz~
B.A reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee from the FCC~
C.Saturation~
How is `CW` usually transmitted?~
C.It tells how long someone has been using a repeater~
The frequency of `7125 kHz` is in the Novice section of the 40-meter band.
The `most transmitter power` any US ham may use here (Novice or not) is
`200 watts PEP output`.  Every class of operator has the same chance of
making a contact in this part of the band as another.~
B.28.100 - 29.500 MHz~
A.The antenna is broadbanded~
reasons, emergency communications, radio art, improve, technical skills~
C.When an emergency telephone call is needed~
A.An RS-232 interface~
In Figure N6-1 which symbol represents a `variable resistor or
potentiometer`?~
Almost all metals are good `electrical conductors`.  In this question look
for the metals `gold`, `silver` and `aluminum`.  Copper, tin, iron (steel),
and mercury are also other good `electrical conductors` you will find in
use every day.~
Ohm's law says that the voltage to a circuit equals the current flowing
through it multiplied by its resistance (E=IR), or to turn it around,
resistance equals voltage divided by current (R=E/I).  So, if `90 volts`
causes `3 amperes` of current to flow, R = 90 / 3 or R = `30 ohms`.~
balun, balanced to unbalanced~
A.Off-frequency emissions~
B.Balanced unloader~
an input and an output frequency, receives, transmits~
D.`Symbol D`~
B.Sky-wave propagation~
Who can become an `amateur` licensee in the `US`?~
D.Never use a shielded horizontally polarized antenna~
What is the `fourth harmonic` of a `7160-kHz` signal?~
B.Most of it goes in `one direction`~
B.`Reflector`~
B.The watt~
Signals which use `sky-wave propagation` are bent by the `ionosphere` high
overhead and return back to the Earth a long distance away.  Most long-
distance radio signals use `sky-wave propagation` off of the `ionosphere`.~
Signals which use `sky-wave propagation` are bent by the ionosphere high
overhead and return back to the Earth a long distance away.  Because they
are bent so high up, they have a `much longer` range than ground-wave
signals which hug the surface of the Earth.~
`Line-of-sight` signals don't use the ionosphere to go from one antenna to
another, but instead travel in a `straight line` from the transmitting
antenna to the receiving antenna.~
D.A complete circuit~
D.To a circuit breaker~
RF radiation from the antenna of a `hand held transceiver` is similar to
microwave oven radiation.  When you transmit, make sure you `hold the
antenna` away from others and as far `away from your head` as you can,
especially away from your eyes.~
What is the best `antenna feed line` to use if it must be put `near
grounded metal objects`?~
It's simple if you remember the jingle "Nice To Get An Amateur Extra" for
the license classes:  `Novice`, `Technician`, General, Advanced and Extra
Class.  The `first two classes` of the five US licenses have the initials
N and T, for `Novice` and `Technician`.~
computer, transceiver, packet-radio operation, terminal-node controller~
C.A person who has very little practice operating a radio station~
A.Half the speed of the received signal~
D.350 volts~
D.Symbol D~
Switches are described by poles and throws.  Poles are the number of
inputs switched at the same time and throws are the number of outputs for
each input.  `Double-pole` means two inputs and `single-throw` means one
output per pole.  So, a `double-pole, single-throw` switch would connect
`two inputs at the same time`, each input to a different output.~
Someday you might invite `another amateur` friend of yours over to your
house, maybe for a ham contest (they're fun!)  If your friend is
`responsible` for operating the transmitter, then he or she would be a
`control operator`, just like you'd be if you operated the transmitter.~
A.RTTY~
D.To keep the standing wave ratio of your antenna system high~
D.Notch~
B.`Symbol B`~
B.Knife-edge diffraction~
Yagi, direction, radio energy, right~
40-meter Novice band, 7100-7150 kHz~
B.Symbol B~
B.To keep television interference high~
D.28.100 - 28.200 MHz~
The number of times per second a radio wave (an AC signal) cycles back and
forth is called its frequency.  A radio wave also travels at the speed of
light as it cycles.  The `distance an AC signal travels` during `one
complete cycle` is called its `wavelength`.~
D.An antenna switch~
In the US, electrical drawings (schematics) show a `triode vacuum tube` as
a circle surrounding an upside-down V shape (a heater), an upside-down L
shape (a cathode), one dotted line (a grid), and an upside-down T shape (a
plate).  `Symbol B` shows a `triode vacuum tube`.  A TRIode means THREE
active elements, the cathode, the (one) grid, and the plate.~
D.The SWR meter~
If a dial marked in kilohertz shows a reading of `7125 kHz`, what would it
show if it were `marked in megahertz`?~
D.A negative reading~
A.Make sure that an RF leakage filter is installed at the antenna feed
point~
B.`4 meters`~
formula, voltage, current, resistance, Ohm's Law~
A.1260 - 1270 MHz~
A.All authorized amateur emission privileges~
switch, high-voltage power supply, to keep anyone, from getting shocked~
A.A dummy load~
A.28.3 - 28.5 MHz~
C.`1270 - 1295 MHz`~
A.`Harmonic radiation`~
Novice, 7100 to 7150 kHz, CW only~
A.Pulse rate~
What is the main purpose of `shielding in a transmitter`?~
B.To keep RF energy away from your head during antenna testing~
When are `communications for business` allowed in the amateur service?~
packet-radio operation, terminal-node controller, transceiver, computer~
B.The signals coming from the antenna are unusually strong, which means
very good radio conditions~
simplex operation, instead of a repeater, when a contact is possible~
If you want to measure the relative impedance match between an antenna and
its feed line, connect an SWR meter between the two.  An `SWR reading` of
`4:1` means you have an `impedance mismatch`, and you shouldn't operate
with the antenna system until it's fixed.~
A.Symbol A~
D.A person who is in training to become the control operator of a radio
station~
A.The US station must transmit its own call sign at the beginning of each
communication, and at least every ten minutes after that~
B.`When a contact is possible` without using a repeater~
What is the basic `unit of frequency`?~
D.Signals are repeated by a repeater~
A.28.000 - 28.500 MHz~
buzzing or hum, bad filter capacitor~
A.It lets a repeater have a rest period after heavy use~
When are you allowed to `communicate` with an amateur in a `foreign
country`?~
What would you connect to a transceiver to `send Morse code`?~
What type of `propagation` usually occurs from one hand held `VHF`
transceiver to another nearby?~
A.A splatter filter~
Novice, 3675 to 3725 kHz, CW only~
A.80 meters~
B.`Radio`~
A.`Never`~
If you'd like to try `RTTY` (radioteletype), listen for a `RTTY` station
calling CQ (anyone listening may answer).  When `answering a CQ`, always
answer back at the `same speed as the received signal`, otherwise the other
station's `RTTY` equipment will print your answer as jumbled letters.~
B.The `watt`~
`3675 to 3725 kHz` is the 80-meter `Novice` band.  A `Novice` may use `CW
only` (Morse code) on this band.  At night the 80-meter band may reach
anywhere in the world!~
another amateur, higher class license, any privileges allowed~
What must you do to `replace your license` if it is lost, mutilated or
destroyed?~
A.28.0 - 28.3 MHz~
C.Symbol C~
Another band for Morse code work, the `15-meter Novice band` may let you
talk thousands of miles away, day or night.  Just dial in anywhere between
`21.100-21.200 MHz` and see what's happening!~
A.They `may not be accurate` at all~
C.It can switch two inputs at the same time, one input to either of two
outputs, and the other input to either of two outputs~
A.If connecting a low-pass filter to the transmitter greatly cuts down the
interference~
C.Keep the power supply current very steady~
B.40 meters~
A.It annoys everyone who listens~
C.`20,000 Hz`~
C.`False or deceptive signals`~
B.For safety, in case the main fuses fail~
A.80 meters~
B.It can switch one input to either of two outputs~
A.Amateur Extra~
D.10 meters~
A.Only for brief tests not meant as messages~
SSB transmitter, microphone gain set too high, splatter interference~
half-wave dipole antenna, east and west, radio energy, north and south~
interference, one or two channels, harmonic radiation~
B.An `antenna tuner`~
D.50~
What allows someone to `operate` an `amateur station` in the US?~
SWR, low frequency, 2.5:1, 5:1, high frequency, antenna is too long~
C.15 meters~
A simple formula tells us how long a half-wavelength antenna should be:
Length = 468/f.  Since we want a `quarter-wavelength` antenna instead of a
half-wavelength, we just divide 468 by 2 and get 234.  So, a `quarter-
wavelength` vertical antenna for `7125 kHz` (or 7.125 MHz) would be
234/7.125, or about `33 ft`.~
21.150 MHz, 15 meters~
D.A current bridge~
A.Symbol A~
How can amateur station equipment best be `protected from lightning
damage`?~
What must you do to notify the `FCC` if your `mailing address changes`?~
D.7,125,000 MHz~
A.A written exam, Element 1(A); and a 5 WPM code exam, Element 2(A)~
A.It can switch one input to one output~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use from
`3675 to 3725 kHz`?~
C.The ampere~
B.A `low-pass filter`~
What minimum `examinations` must you pass for a `Novice` amateur license?~
D.A `feed line`~
C.Repair broadcast station equipment~
At what `speed` should a `Morse code CQ call` be transmitted?~
The prefix "milli" means 1/1000 (one thousandth).  As you can see, there
are 1000 millivolts in 1 volt.  To change millivolts to volts, just divide
the number of millivolts by 1000.  So, a `3500-millivolt potential` is also
`3.5 volts`.~
sunspots, greater the ionization~
This one is simple:  You can `never` use amateur radio to `transmit
music`.  If you have the urge to be a disc jockey, you'll have to see about
getting a job at one of the radio stations in town.~
B.`222.1 - 223.91 MHz`~
D."Called station only transmit"~
Always send a `Morse code CQ call` only as fast as you can `reliably
receive`.  A ham listening to your CQ will usually answer it at whatever
`speed` you are sending.  If you send faster than you can `reliably
receive`, you won't be able to keep up with the answer!~
What is the `most transmitter power` an amateur station may use on `3700
kHz`?~
C.Symbol C~
C.The power cord~
How could you `raise the resonant frequency` of a dipole antenna?~
C.Symbol C~
D.Most of it is aimed high into the air~
C.You, the control operator~
D.Mostly east and west~
A.`Uppper-sideband`~
In Figure N6-4 which symbol represents an `NPN transistor`?~
C.Only when broadcasts last less than 1 hour~
D.`Station construction` standards~
C.So the FCC can send license-renewal notices~
very high SWR reading, antenna is the wrong length, open or shorted~
D.A single digit, `0 through 9`~
C.40 meters~
SWR meter, antenna switch, transceiver~
Amateurs may communicate with some types of `non-amateur stations`.  `Only
those authorized` in Part 97.111 are legal.  For instance, US government
stations in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES), and some
military stations during an Armed Forces Day Communications Test.~
end communications, each station, its own call sign~
without giving your call sign, unidentified communication~
A `coaxial cable` is actually two conductors, one inside the other.  A
center wire conductor is covered by an insulating material, then this is
covered by a metal sleeve or shield conductor, and this is covered with
more insulating material.  Because one conductor is inside the other, it
can be used as an `antenna feed line` even `near grounded metal objects`.~
1,000,000 picofarads, 1 microfarad~
Which of these should `never be connected to the output` of a transceiver?~
What is the meaning of the `procedural signal "K"`?~
If you lose your original amateur license, or if it is ruined somehow, you
must `replace your license`.  Just write to the FCC in Gettysburg, PA, and
`request a new one`.  You'll have to explain what happened to your old
license, but getting a replacement is no trouble at all.~
Novice, single-sideband (SSB) phone, 28300 - 28500 kHz~
D.`Spurious emissions`~
A.An ammeter~
C.Band pass~
C.Say the `call sign of the station` you want to contact, then `your call
sign`~
C.Stop sending~
If your `SWR` meter shows a mismatch reading between an antenna and its
feed line across an entire band, and the `low frequency SWR` reading is
lower than the `high frequency` reading (for instance `2.5:1` for the low
and `5:1` for the high), it's likely that your `antenna is too long` for
the band.~
D.6 months to a year~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an `electric
current`.  The electrons are forced through the resistance of the circuit
by a pressure called voltage.  The `ampere` is the unit measure of
`electric current`, and it means a flow of 6,240,000,000,000,000,000
electrons per second!~
D.Double-sideband~
A simple formula tells us how long a `half-wavelength` antenna should be:
The antenna length (in feet) equals 468/f (in MHz), where f is the
operating (resonant) frequency of the antenna.  So, a `half-wavelength`
dipole antenna for `28.150 MHz` would be 468/28.150, or about `17 ft`.~
D.Symbol D~
non-amateur, foreign station, third-party agreement~
join a radio club, send a message, facilitate the commercial affairs~
If you are an `amateur operator` in control of an amateur station, you
must have an amateur license (a `written authorization`).  You probably
know you don't need a license to use CB, but to be an `amateur operator`
you must pass a license exam to get a `written authorization` from the FCC.~
What is meant by `receiver overload`?~
C.An `antenna tuner`~
What can a `double-pole, single-throw` switch do?~
flow of electrons, current~
A.It `decreases`~
Many modern transceivers have a connection for `RTTY operation`.  If you
connect a `modem` to a `transceiver`, and connect a `computer system or
teleprinter` to the `modem`, you'll be ready for `RTTY operation`.~
C.The volt~
What is a `digipeater`?~
triode vacuum tube, symbol B~
D.10 meters~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show an `earth ground` as three short
lines stacked almost on top of each other, the longest line on the top and
the smallest on the bottom.  You can think of the lines as the shape of a
small hole dug in the earth (the ground), just like `symbol D`.~
A.It `handles higher power`~
If you're talking to a ham friend, and your friend lets a guest who is
`other than a control operator` (a non-ham) talk to you, this is called
`third-party` communications.  You'd be the first party, your friend would
be the second party, and the non-ham guest would be the `third-party`.
It's also called `third-party` if you let a non-ham talk on your station.~
A.By frequency-shift keying an RF signal~
vertical antenna, radio energy, all horizontal directions~
C.You are allowed to help on a frequency outside your privileges only if
you use international Morse code~
For best p`rotection from electrical shock`, what should be `grounded` in
an amateur station?~
A.`CW only`~
There are six main `topics` in the rules (Part 97), but the three you need
to know for this question are:  `Station Operation` Standards, `Technical
Standards`, and Providing `Emergency Communications`.~
A.The `power supply`~
D.Tunnel propagation~
element 1, Yagi, reflector~
What is the definition of a `control operator` of an amateur station?~
If you made a `half-wavelength` vertical antenna for `223 MHz`, how long
would it be (to the nearest inch)?~
D.Divide 468 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [468/f (in
MHz)]~
What type of interference may come from a `multi-band antenna` connected to
a `poorly tuned transmitter`?~
A chirp is heard on a CW signal when there is a small change in a
transmitter's frequency every time the transmitter is keyed.  To `keep a CW
transmitter from chirping` during on/off keying, its power supply must keep
circuit `voltages very steady`.~
D.An `impedance mismatch`; something may be wrong with the antenna system~
B.Symbol B~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
sky-wave propagation, much longer~
fuse, symbol A~
RF radiation from the `antenna` of a hand held transceiver is similar to
microwave oven radiation.  Make sure the transceiver's `antenna` is `not
close to your head` (especially not close to your eyes) when you transmit.
This will `reduce your exposure` to RF energy from the transceiver.~
What is the definition of an `amateur station`?~
B.`Open-conductor ladder line`~
C.A flashing red, yellow or white light~
What are four good `electrical insulators`?~
D.They are sometimes scattered in the ectosphere~
D.A chart of the frequencies allowed for your class of license~
The `Novice` section of the 15-meter band is `21.1 to 21.2 MHz`. As a
`Novice` you must use `CW only`, but you can talk thousands of miles away,
day or night on this band.  Just tune in any time and see what's happening!~
B.It goes up~
C.A shortwave listener who monitors amateur communications~
28.150 MHz, 10 meters~
What is `simplex operation`?~
Why should you wear a `safety belt` if you are working on an antenna tower?~
How much voltage does an `automobile battery` usually supply?~
parallel-conductor feed line, two wires side-by-side~
D.The radio wave's speed is 3,725 kilometers per second~
If a signal is a harmonic of another signal, it means that the frequency
of the first signal is `exactly two, or three, or more times` the frequency
of the second signal.  The `frequency of a harmonic` is always an even
multiple of the fundamental frequency.  For instance, a 7160-kHz signal's
fourth harmonic is 28,640 kHz (7160 x 4 = 28640).~
Just as you might expect, a `parallel-conductor feed line` is simply `two
wires side-by-side` (parallel to each other).  For low-power use, the two
wires may be held apart by a plastic jacket.  For high-power use,
insulating rods usually keep the wires from touching.~
D.A `center wire` inside an insulating material `covered by a metal sleeve
or shield`~
B.A 5/8-wavelength antenna has `more gain`~
Just as you might expect, a `parallel-conductor feed line` is simply two
wires side-by-side (parallel to each other) held apart by insulating rods.
Because the two wires are out in the open, they can stand more heat than
coaxial cable.  This means they can `operate with a high SWR` and will have
`less loss` than coaxial cable.~
D.Both of you are equally responsible for the proper operation of the
station~
distress signal, help, in any way possible~
C.Interference caused by `strong signals` from a nearby transmitter~
C.Capacitance~
D.1,000,000 Hz~
C.224.1 - 225.1 MHz~
An `antenna switch` is used to switch a `transceiver` between more than
one type of antenna.  In this case, block 2 connects the `transceiver` in
block 1 to an actual antenna and a `dummy antenna` (block 3), so block 2 is
an `antenna switch`.~
A.A single-cell battery~
B.It is `weatherproof`, and its `impedance matches` most amateur antennas~
Antennas are usually designed to work best on only a few bands.  If you
wanted to use an `antenna on a band it was not designed for`, you could use
an `antenna tuner` between the transceiver and the antenna system to match
the impedance of the two.~
B.Listen to make sure that someone will be able to hear you~
C.About `120 volts`~
There is a strict rule in amateur radio that no ham communications may
`facilitate the commercial affairs` of anyone.  In other words, you can't
do any kind of business on the air, not even to `send a message` to ask for
an application to `join a radio club`.~
If you are told that your amateur station is causing `television
interference`, what should you do?~
C.A `small change in a transmitter's frequency` each time it is keyed~
license classes, Novice, Technician, General, Advanced, Amateur Extra~
The number of times per second a radio wave (an AC signal) cycles back and
forth is called its frequency.  So, if a radio wave makes `60 cycles per
second`, this means its frequency is `60 hertz (Hz)`.~
A `half-wave dipole antenna` sends out the least `radio energy` from its
ends, and the most in all directions from its side.  Since the ends of the
dipole in this case are pointing `east and west`, it sends the most `radio
energy` out from its side, `north and south`.~
If an amateur `pretends there is an emergency` and transmits the word
"MAYDAY," what is this called?~
limits the amount of current, resistance~
B.Too much current from the power supply~
B.25 watts PEP output~
topics, station operation, technical standards, emergency communications~
mailing address, receive mail~
A.`Line-of-sight` propagation~
The frequency of `3700 kHz` is in the Novice section of the 80-meter band.
The `most transmitter power` any US ham may use here (Novice or not) is
`200 watts PEP output`.  Every class of operator has the same chance of
making a contact in this part of the band as another.~
driven element, Yagi, 1/2 wavelength~
D.An `SWR meter`~
If an `SWR` reading at the `low frequency` end of an amateur band is
`2.5:1`, and is `5:1` at the `high frequency` end of the same band, what
does this tell you about your 1/2-wavelength dipole antenna?~
B.A terminal-voice controller~
When you make your first few contacts using Morse code, you'll probably
use this signal:  `QRS` means "`send more slowly`".  Just think of the "RS"
in `QRS` as meaning "Rather Slowly".~
B.The Communications Act of 1934 (as amended)~
D.Between your keyboard and computer~
D.A private radio service used for self-training of radio announcers and
technicians~
D.It depends on the weather~
A.An operator/primary station license from the FCC~
A.An antenna switch~
D.7000 - 7300 kHz~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
D.34 ft~
How many `hertz` are `in a kilohertz`?~
B.Shorten the antenna~
C.It stays the same~
D.Bottom~
Electrical drawings show switch inputs and outputs as small circles.  A
solid line for each pole is drawn between the circles, and a dotted line is
used if there is more than one pole.  A `single-pole, double-throw switch`
(one input switched to either of two outputs) would show one input circle,
two output circles, and one solid line, just like `symbol D`.~
D.Any type of transmitter, as long as it is used for non-commercial
transmissions~
B.`60 cycles per second`~
B.Whenever the station receiver is operated~
Most RF power meters can measure power only in a certain frequency range.
A `3-30 MHz RF power meter` which is accurate in the HF bands `may not be
accurate` at all if it is used `at UHF frequencies` (300 MHz and up).~
When you're not using your station, it's a good idea to `ground all
antennas` and disconnect all equipment from the power lines.  That way, if
a thunderstorm moves in when you're not around, your station will be better
`protected from lightning damage` from a nearby lightning strike.~
C."Received all correctly"~
unlicensed persons, control operators~
unidentified communications, never~
A.10~
D.Symbol D~
D.Phone~
PNP transistor, symbol A~
B.Data~
D.1/30 ohm~
harmonic radiation, low-pass filter~
C.Disconnect the ground system from all radios~
Someday you might invite `another amateur` friend of yours with a `higher
class license` over to your house, maybe for a ham contest (they're fun!)
As long as your friend is the control operator of your station and
identifies with his or her call sign, you both may use `any privileges
allowed` by your friend's `higher class license`.~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  The electrons are forced through the `resistance` of the circuit
by a pressure called voltage.  `Resistance` `limits the amount of current`
that can flow.  If `resistance` goes up, less current flows unless the
voltage goes up also.~
A.They must not use your equipment without your permission~
In the United States, amateurs are controlled or `regulated by the FCC`.
In other countries, the FCC is not in charge.  So, if you have a `US
amateur license`, you may operate only where the amateur service is
`regulated by the FCC`.~
A.14 years or older~
B.It helps the sound quality of transmitters~
B.80, 40, 20, and 10 meters~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use in the
`15-meter band`?~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use on the
amateur `23-centimeter band`?~
C.`17 ft`~
D.It will `operate with a high SWR`, and has `less loss` than coaxial
cable~
D.When the National Weather Service has announced a severe weather watch~
A.An `antenna`~
The `40-meter Novice band` at `7100-7150 kHz` (in the US) is sometimes
crowded, but it's good for a Morse code chat with someone.  During the day
you might talk to someone several hundred miles away, but at night this
band reaches all around the world.~
D.Auroral propagation~
good quality coaxial cable and connectors, UHF, keep RF loss low~
C.`Never`~
first two classes, Novice, Technician~
D.Phone only~
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, audio frequencies, human ear can sense~
C.Symbol C~
how fast electrical energy is used, power~
B.Symbol B~
D.Your hand held may be transmitting `spurious emissions`~
B.CW and data~
Which component can `amplify a small signal` using `low voltages`?~
B.An impedance mismatch; something may be wrong with the antenna system~
unauthorized persons, key-operated on/off switch~
C.Twice the speed of the received signal~
A.An area covered by ground-wave propagation~
B.A potentiometer~
A.5 watts PEP output~
D.Signals which cause skip propagation to occur~
Why is a `5/8-wavelength vertical` antenna better than a `1/4-wavelength
vertical` antenna for VHF or UHF mobile operations?~
If you answer someone on the air `without giving your call sign`, what type
communication have you just conducted?~
C.To keep the power going to your antenna system from getting too high~
What is a `skip zone`?~
A.All authorized amateur emission privileges~
A.`Part 97` of Title 47 `CFR` (Code of Federal Regulations)~
C.Ampere's Law~
B.A `telegraph key`~
D.Go ahead~
Which electrical circuit uses `too much current`?~
What is a `Volunteer Examiner` (VE)?~
A.0.003 amperes~
C.No reading at all~
Which US amateur license has `no Morse code` requirements?~
A.It is much shorter~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  If the electrons flow in only `one direction`, this is called
`direct current`.  For example, a battery-powered flashlight is a `direct
current` circuit.  Electrons flow in `one direction` from the negative end
of the battery, through the bulb, to the positive end of the battery.~
`Microwave oven radiation` is `similar to` what type of amateur station RF
radiation?~
D.A written exam, Element 2; and a 5 WPM code exam, Element 4~
B.93 ohms~
B.By increasing power~
Just remember that the `amateur service` (ham radio) is a `personal radio
service`.  That means you will operate your personal radio, make personal
friends, and get lots of personal enjoyment from the `amateur service`.~
mobile transceiver, works in your car, not in your home, power supply~
If a current of `2 amperes` flows through a `50-ohm` resistor, what is the
voltage across the resistor?~
B.To follow the FCC rules and so the licensee can `receive mail` from the
FCC~
A.The ohm~
B.A dead circuit~
A.Make sure all RF screens are in place at the antenna feed line~
Sound energy and radio energy both travel in waves.  The higher the number
of waves per second, the higher the frequency of the energy.  Although we
`humans hear` sound energy in the range of `20 - 20,000 Hz`, we cannot hear
radio energy at any frequency unless it is changed to sound energy by a
radio receiver.~
It is very important for the `control operator` of a station to make sure
that all of the FCC rules are obeyed when a `station is transmitting`.  A
Novice `control operator` must be at his or her station's `control point`
whenever the `station is transmitting` to make sure the rules are followed.~
no current, open circuit~
C.RTTY only~
C.Call your local Civil Preparedness Office and inform them of the
emergency~
In Figure N6-2 which symbol represents a `double-pole, single-throw
switch`?~
B.By `on/off keying` an `RF signal`~
A.Only speeds below five WPM~
The only place a `Novice` may use `single-sideband (SSB) phone` on the HF
bands is the `28300 - 28500 kHz` part of the 10-meter band.  However, it's
a popular place for a contact!~
D.Ladder-line~
100-ohm, 200 volts, 2 amperes~
C.Divide 300 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [300/f (in
MHz)]~
D.BY7HY~
B.Two wires side-by-side held apart by insulating rods~
C.The FCC will think that you are the station's control operator unless
your station records show that you were not~
parallel-conductor feed line, operate with a high SWR, less loss~
coaxial cable, good antenna feed line, weatherproof, impedance matches~
An amateur license from a `European Community` country (such as France,
Germany, Great Britain) is the only one of the choices which `does not
allow control` of a US amateur station.~
For how many `years` is an `amateur license` normally issued?~
D.CW and phone~
A.A closed circuit~
B.An electrolytic capacitor~
antenna tuner, matches a transceiver, antenna system~
C.200 watts PEP output~
A `Yagi` antenna usually has one driven element, one reflector, and one or
more director elements.  The reflector is a little longer than the driven
element, and the director or directors are a little shorter.  Since
`element 1` is longer than element 2 and element 3, it must be a
`reflector`.~
In an electric circuit, the `flow of electrons` is called an electric
`current`.  The electrons are forced through the resistance of the circuit
by a pressure called voltage.  Think of the `flow of electrons` as a river
with a strong `current`.~
B.Only at specific times (at 15 and 30 minutes after the hour)~
single-pole, single-throw switch, symbol A~
Single-sideband (SSB) transmissions are either upper-sideband (USB) or
lower-sideband (LSB).  By tradition, amateur SSB signals above 10 MHz,
including `10-meter phone` operations, use `upper-sideband` signals.  If
you are on the 10-meter band using phone, make sure your transceiver is set
for `upper-sideband` (USB) operation.~
Signals which use `sky-wave propagation` are bent by the `ionosphere` high
overhead and return back to the Earth a long distance away.  Most long-
distance radio signals use `sky-wave propagation` off of the `ionosphere`.~
standing wave ratio, SWR meter~
C.Balanced unmodulator~
D.Tune the radio to an unused frequency when you are done using it~
communications for business, for the safety of human life~
C.Test emission~
control operator, licensed amateur, responsible~
If you use a `3-30 MHz RF-power meter at UHF frequencies`, how accurate
will its readings be?~
D.Tesla's Law~
If you have a Novice license, how many `transmitters` may you `control` in
your station at the same time?~
A.At the station's `control point`~
surface of the Earth, ground-wave~
D.The highest speed at which you can control the keyer~
C.The ampere~
A.You can make it at home, and its impedance matches most amateur antennas~
A.To keep `unauthorized persons` from using your station~
C.It is `exactly two, or three, or more times` the desired frequency~
Novice, RTTY, 28.1 - 28.3 MHz~
A.The power supply primary~
What `document` must you keep `at your amateur station`?~
What kind of `safety equipment` should you wear if you are `working on an
antenna tower`?~
C.To `protect your head` from something dropped from the tower~
What is meant by `harmonic radiation`?~
A.Interference from static~
80-meter Novice band, 3675-3725 kHz~
C.Signals in the 50 MHz range~
C.CW~
If you made a `quarter-wavelength` vertical antenna for `21.125 MHz`, how
long would it be (to the nearest foot)?~
Almost every modern transceiver has a microphone connection for `voice
operation`.  Just `connect a microphone` `to a transceiver`, push the
button to talk, and let go of the button to receive.~
B.Send the letters `"CQ" three times`, followed by "DE," followed by `your
call sign sent three times`~
A.80, 40, 15, and 10 meters~
The `control operator` is always the `licensed amateur` who is in charge
of (`responsible` for) the transmissions of an amateur station.  Any time
an amateur station is transmitting, there must be someone `responsible` for
it being on the air, someone who is a `licensed amateur`, someone whom the
FCC calls the `control operator`.~
D.To keep static charges from building up~
A.Tunnel propagation~
C.Wavelength~
B.A high-pass filter~
An `antenna tuner` helps match the impedance of a `transceiver` to its
`antenna system`.  If you have an `antenna system` which does not work well
on one band, try connecting an `antenna tuner` between the `transceiver`
and the `antenna system` to more closely match their impedances.~
C.CW~
C.A voltmeter~
If you want to measure the relative impedance match between an antenna and
its feed line, connect an SWR meter between the two.  A `very high SWR
reading` probably means that the `antenna is the wrong length` or there is
an `open or shorted` connection somewhere.~
What term means the `number of times per second` that an `alternating
current` flows back and forth?~
A.A key-operated on/off switch~
A.To help the antenna radiate energy equally in all directions~
Where would you connect a `telegraph key` to `send Morse code`?~
You are allowed to `transmit` on the `amateur service` bands only if you
have a `amateur license`.  Once you have passed a test for an `amateur
license`, you'll know the rules, how to `transmit` on the right bands, and
how to do it safely.~
safety, before removing the shielding, cannot accidentally be turned on~
D.Transmitting one-way communications~
One thing `NOT part of the rules` for amateurs are directions for setting
up your station (`station construction`).  You may have a very fancy
station, a simple station, or no station at all (just your license).  How
your station is built is all up to you!~
C.A chassis ground~
The FCC lets US amateurs `communicate` `at any time` with other amateurs
around the world.  Sometimes, though, a `foreign country` doesn't want its
hams to `communicate` with other countries.  You may talk `at any time`
with hams in a `foreign country`, `unless it is not allowed` by their
government.~
D.Put fuses in the main power line~
A.11 ft~
Novice, 15-meter band, CW only~
What is the name of a current that flows only in `one direction`?~
A.Best regards~
C.A key-click filter~
C.`200 watts PEP output`~
D.It lets electricity flow through it~
10-meter phone, upper-sideband~
safety, UHF transmitting antenna, no one can get near it~
unit of frequency, hertz~
B.Send the other `station's call sign twice`, followed by "DE," followed
by `your call sign twice`~
Many modern transceivers can be used for `packet-radio operation`.  If you
connect a `terminal-node controller` to the microphone input of a
`transceiver`, and connect a `computer` system to the `terminal-node
controller`, you'll be ready for `packet-radio operation`.~
SWR meter, antenna tuner, transceiver~
mailing address changes, fill out a Form 610, FCC, Gettysburg~
C.`Power`~
An FCC `amateur license` normally lasts for `10` `years` before it
expires.  If you change your mailing address, upgrade your license class,
or renew your `amateur license` before it expires, you'll be given another
`10 years` from the day the FCC acts on it.~
A.`Unwanted signals` at frequencies which are `multiples of the
fundamental` (chosen) frequency~
What would you connect between a `transceiver` and a `computer system or
teleprinter` for `RTTY operation`?~
B.They will be accurate enough to get by~
If you hear a voice `distress signal` on a frequency outside of your
license privileges, what are you allowed to do to `help` the station in
distress?~
does not have, identification, unidentified communications~
B.A `sub-audible tone` added to a carrier which may cause a receiver to
`accept a signal`~
broadcast, to the general public, never~
A.Anywhere in the world~
If somebody pretends there is an emergency and calls for help on the air,
this is called `false or deceptive amateur signals`.  This is `never`
allowed!  The FCC tracks down and stops `false or deceptive amateur
signals` very quickly.~
B.Reflector~
What does an `SWR reading` of `4:1` mean?~
C.A transmitting station is `sending data` to only one receiving station;
it replies that the data is being `received correctly`~
you are the control operator, only the privileges allowed by your license~
send a distress signal, emergency~
C.A key-click filter~
A.Test transmission~
A.Using an antenna which is the wrong length~
C.1,000 microfarads~
B.A station using radiocommunications for a commercial purpose~
An `antenna switch` is used to switch a `transceiver` between more than
one type of antenna.  If you wanted to easily read the SWR of each antenna,
you could `connect` an `SWR meter` between the `transceiver` and the
`antenna switch` so you wouldn't have to reconnect the `SWR meter` for each
antenna.~
The `most transmitter power` a `Novice` may use on the `10-meter band` is
`200 watts PEP output`, but that's good enough to reach anywhere in the
world if ionospheric conditions are right.~
A `Yagi` antenna usually has one driven element, one reflector, and one or
more director elements.  The reflector is a little longer than the driven
element, and the director or directors are a little shorter.  Since
`element 3` is shorter than element 1 and element 2, it must be a
`director`.~
B.`A, K, N and W`~
B.100~
D.Phone~
A.It can switch one input to one output~
What are the frequency limits of the `23-centimeter Novice band`?~
B.A receiver~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show a `fuse` as a rectangle with a line
like a stripe on each end, like a child's picture of a small glass `fuse`.
`Symbol A` shows the electrical drawing of a `fuse`.~
Any time you put up `outside antennas`, you'll want to make sure that `no
one can touch them` from the ground.  Touching an antenna while it is
transmitting `might cause RF burns` or an electric shock.~
transmit an "SOS" or "MAYDAY", emergency~
In Figure N9-1, what is the name of `element 2` of the `Yagi` antenna?~
If `front-end overload` occurs in a television receiver because of strong
signals from a nearby transmitter, it may appear as `interference` on the
TV screen `no matter what frequency` (or channel) is received.  Try a high-
pass filter connected between the TV and its antenna to fix the problem.~
C.63 ft~
The only `document` you must keep `at your amateur station` is the
`written authorization` (license) for your station.  The other things are
nice to have, but the `written authorization` must be `at your amateur
station`.~
D.Use twin lead instead of coaxial-cable feed lines~
D.To an antenna~
B.Your hand held may have chirp from weak batteries~
If you let `another amateur` with a `higher class license` than yours
control your station, what operating privileges are allowed?~
On which bands must a `Novice` station use no more than `25 watts PEP
output power`?~
223 MHz, 1.25 meters~
C.Hyper~
When you operate your `mobile transceiver` at home, you must use a `power
supply` in place of your car's electrical system.  If the transceiver
`works in your car` but `not in your home`, you should check the `power
supply` you are using for the `mobile transceiver` at home.~
B.Symbol B~
C.Novice, Communicator, General, Amateur, Extra~
A `Yagi` antenna is designed to `send out radio energy` mostly in `one
direction`.  A `Yagi` usually has a driven element, a reflector, and one or
more director elements.  Radio energy is sent by the driven element in two
directions, but energy going to the reflector is reflected back the other
way.  So, most of the radio energy ends up going in `one direction`.~
B.Any person over 21 years of age with a General class license or higher~
C.1.25 meters~
D.A DTMF microphone, a monitor and a transceiver~
D.A high-pass filter~
C.Data only~
A `transceiver` is a combination transmitter and receiver.  The
transmitter section is usually designed to send a large amount of radio
energy to an antenna system, so a `transceiver` usually needs a `heavy-duty
power supply`.~
B.A DTMF keypad~
What does a `very high SWR reading` mean?~
B.`Distant station`~
A.It goes out equally in all directions~
A.25 watts PEP output~
D.`Symbol D`~
D.Yes, since there are no rules against business communications in the
amateur service~
D.Thermal force, or heat~
most transmitter power, Novice, 1.25-meter band, 25 watts PEP output~
D.The antenna is just right for operation on the band~
Why is `harmonic radiation` from an amateur station not wanted?~
C.The antenna feed line~
B.It can switch `one input` to `either of two outputs`~
fourth harmonic, 7160-kHz, 28,640 kHz~
frequency, wavelength gets longer, goes down~
The longer `5/8-wavelength vertical` antenna sends out more radio energy
in horizontal directions and less energy high into the air than a `1/4-
wavelength vertical` antenna.  This means that a `5/8-wavelength vertical`
antenna has `more gain` than a `1/4-wavelength vertical` antenna.~
C.A triode vacuum tube~
C.A `transceiver`~
An antenna works the same way with radio waves as a guitar string works
with sound waves.  As the guitar string or `antenna is made longer`, the
pitch or `resonant frequency` of both gets lower and lower (it
`decreases`).~
Almost every transceiver has a connection for a telegraph key so you can
send Morse code.  A telegraph key is a switch that you turn on and off as
you send Morse code.  Since it takes lots of practice with a telegraph key
to send `good Morse code characters`, many amateurs use an `electronic
keyer` to help them make the characters and keep the right spacing.~
does not allow, control, European Community~
CW, on/off keying, RF signal~
B.CB and Communicator~
B.Only when you have permission from the FCC~
When may an amateur transmit `unidentified communications`?~
most transmitter power, 21.125 MHz, 200 watts PEP output~
B.Symbol B~
D.Tactical communication~
What is a `CTCSS` (or `PL`) tone?~
C.They must first know how to use the right abbreviations and Q signals~
A.`Lengthen` the antenna~
wavelength, frequency increases, gets shorter~
B.Transmitting and receiving over a wide area~
What is the `flow of electrons` in an electric circuit called?~
responsible, control operator, station licensee~
A.A grounding chain~
A.RTTY~
D.The ohm~
D.Symbol D~
`Spurious emissions` are unwanted signals which may be sent along with your
main signal if your `transmitter` isn't shielded or if it isn't adjusted
right.  Your `transmitter` should not be `operated without the cover` and
all shielding in place, otherwise it might send `spurious emissions` which
could interfere with other signals near its frequency.~
C.Each station must transmit its own call sign~
Usually you are the `control operator` and the station licensee of your
own station.  You may choose to invite `any licensed amateur` of any age
over to your house and let him or her operate your transmitter, even if the
other amateur has a higher or lower class of license than you.~
A.7 ft~
Volunteer Examiner, test, amateur license~
quarter-wavelength, 7125 kHz, 33 ft~
What does an `SWR reading of 1:1` mean?~
How soon before your `license` expires should you send the FCC a completed
610 for a `renewal`?~
In Figure N7-3, if block 1 is a `transceiver` and block 2 is an `SWR
meter`, what is block 3?~
A.Hard plastic~
D.They will all be the same~
relative impedance match, SWR meter~
microwave oven radiation, similar to, 1270 MHz range~
speed, Morse code CQ call, reliably receive~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
D.Twisted pair~
C.`Symbol C`~
When are you allowed to transmit a message to a station in a `foreign
country` for a `third party`?~
A.A transistor~
element 3, Yagi, director~
A.It may cause digital interference to computer equipment~
C.1500 watts PEP output~
B.A `potentiometer`~
A.At the beginning of a contact and at least every ten minutes after that~
A.Add a low-pass filter~
C.The `ampere`~
A.Only during times of emergency~
To ask anyone listening on your frequency to answer, `call CQ`.  When
using `RTTY` (radioteletype), just type the letters `"CQ" three to six
times`, then type "DE", then `your call sign sent three times`.  For
instance, W5YI would call CQ by typing:  "CQ CQ CQ DE W5YI W5YI W5YI"~
B.It increases~
SSB transmitter, too much speech processing, splatter interference~
negative emitter to a positive collector, NPN transistor~
D.CB and Novice~
A.An antenna for another frequency band is probably connected~
A.Symbol A~
If you are in contact with another station and you `hear an emergency call`
for help on your frequency, what should you do?~
In Figure N6-2 which symbol represents a `single-pole, single-throw
switch`?~
A.Copper, gold, mica~
humans hear, 20 - 20,000 Hz~
D.It can switch two inputs at the same time, one input to one output, and
the other input to another output~
How can you `prevent key clicks`?~
A.CW and data~
An `NPN transistor` is a tiny piece of silicon made in a special way which
lets it amplify a small signal using low voltages.  A small positive
voltage on its base terminal controls a large current flow from a `negative
emitter to a positive collector` terminal.~
A.`60 to 90 days`~
B.A low-pass filter~
C.71.25 MHz~
C.Twin lead in a plastic ribbon~
An `SWR meter` is used to read the impedance match between a `transceiver`
and its antenna system.  An `antenna tuner` helps match the impedance of a
`transceiver` to its antenna system.  So, if an `SWR meter` is connected to
an `antenna tuner` and its antenna system on one side, a `transceiver`
would be connected to the other side.~
A.To `keep RF loss low`~
C.5~
antenna is made longer, resonant frequency, decreases~
Sometimes a repeater is set up to `accept a signal` only if a `sub-audible
tone` (a `CTCSS` or `PL` tone) of the right frequency is sent along with
the signal.  This may used in a noisy radio area to keep a repeater from
retransmitting a signal which was not meant for it.~
D.12 inches~
B.`0.5`~
C.Two wires twisted around each other in a spiral~
C.28.0 - 29.3 MHz~
B.Straight-line propagation~
C.Change to a higher power level~
What may your `FM` hand held or mobile transceiver do if you `shout into
its microphone`?~
Looking at the `Yagi` antenna in Figure N9-1, in which `direction` on the
page would it send most of its `radio energy`?~
C.A, B, C and D~
station is transmitting, control operator, control point~
A.An amateur holding an Amateur Extra class operator license~
When you're not using your station, it's a good idea to ground all
antennas and `disconnect all equipment` from the power lines.  That way, if
a thunderstorm moves in when you're not around, your station will be better
`protected from lightning damage` from a nearby lightning strike.~
What happens to a signal's `wavelength` as its `frequency increases`?~
D.`Current`~
When may you use your amateur station to `transmit an "SOS" or "MAYDAY"`?~
D.`28300 - 28500 kHz`~
There's an easy way to "lock up" your equipment to keep people without a
license (`unauthorized persons`) from using it when you're not around.
Just put a `key-operated on/off switch` in the main power line to your
equipment and keep it locked "off" when you're gone.~
protected from lightning damage, disconnect all equipment~
D.It can switch `two inputs at the same time`, one input to one output,
and the other input to the other output~
D.The minutes of the International Telecommunication Union meetings~
D.It may cause interference to other stations operating on a higher
frequency band~
15-meter Novice band, 21.100-21.200 MHz~
A.`A message` sent between two amateur stations `for someone else`~
B.A member of the Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC's Field Operations Bureau
is copying all messages~
There are `no age limits` for an `amateur license`!  No matter how young
you are or how old you may get, you can be a ham.  Many people under the
age of 12 and over the age of 90 have licenses.~
A.Only if he or she works for a public service agency such as the Red
Cross~
C.Symbol C~
B.They must be licensed before they are allowed to be `control operators`~
A.You are NOT allowed to help because the frequency of the signal is
outside your privileges~
What numbers are normally used in `US amateur call signs`?~
B.Never turn off the equipment~
Which component has a `value that can be changed`?~
B.`28.1 - 28.3 MHz`~
transceiver, computer system or teleprinter, RTTY operation, modem~
C.It has a low impedance, and has less loss than coaxial cable~
A.Say "CQ" once, followed by "this is," followed by your call sign spoken
three times~
C.Tune the transmitter into a `dummy load`~
A.Lengthen the antenna~
D.A `control operator`~
B.`Shorten` the antenna~
D.Only if it is above 1280 MHz~
`Harmonic radiation` from your transmitter may cause television
interference on only one or two channels of a TV receiver.  Connecting a
`low-pass filter` between your transmitter and its antenna will usually fix
the problem.~
D.Driven element~
When may you `deliberately interfere` with another station's
communications?~
A.`Symbol A`~
B.A message has reached an amateur station for local delivery~
A.An open circuit~
connect a microphone, voice operation, to a transceiver~
Novice, 40-meter band, CW only~
multi-band antenna, poorly tuned transmitter, harmonic radiation~
A.Equally in all directions~
C.Paper, glass, air, aluminum~
D.17 years~
D.About 240 volts~
B.Because the `human ear can sense` sounds in this range~
The `most transmitter power` a `Novice` may use on the `1.25-meter band`
is `25 watts PEP output`.  That's easily enough power to operate a repeater
or make a contact in your local area.~
What is one meaning of the Q signal "`QRS`"?~
B.The highest speed your keyer will operate~
What frequency can `humans hear`?~
23-centimeter Novice band, 1270-1295 MHz~
Which of the following `CANNOT be discussed` on an amateur club net?~
raise the resonant frequency, shorten~
QRS, send more slowly~
RTTY, frequency-shift keying, RF signal~
B.Only if the music played produces no spurious emissions~
SWR reading, less than 1.5:1, fairly good impedance match~
D.Stop your QSO immediately and `take the emergency call`~
To ask anyone listening on your frequency to answer, `call CQ`.  When
using `voice`, just say the letters `"CQ" three times`, then "this is",
then `your call sign spoken three times`.  For instance, W5YI would call CQ
by saying:  "CQ CQ CQ this is W5YI W5YI W5YI"~
Which of the following call signs is a valid `US amateur call`?~
A.5 watts PEP output~
D.Super-high~
D.It is much less than the desired frequency~
50-ohms impedance, 35-ohms impedance, impedance matching device~
D.Use a smaller size feed line~
amateur, US, except a representative of a foreign government~
Which kind of `antenna feed line` can carry radio energy very well even if
it is `buried in the ground`?~
A.Reliance~
B.Advanced~
B.An `NPN transistor`~
When must an amateur station have a `control operator`?~
B.It may cause `interference` to other stations operating `near its
frequency`~
60 hertz (Hz), 60 cycles per second~
C.`To a transceiver`~
D.Any licensed amateur with a Technician class license or higher~
C.Only when a third-party agreement exists between the US and the foreign
country~
How do you calculate the `length (in feet)` of a `quarter-wavelength`
vertical antenna?~
C.The `antenna is too short` for operation on the band~
If your transmitter sends `signals outside the band` where it is
transmitting, what is this called?~
D.`Readability, signal strength, tone`~
C.It may cause atmospheric interference in the air around the antenna~
Novice, data emissions, 28.1 - 28.3 MHz~
B.It uses large amounts of electric power~
US amateur call signs, 0 through 9~
D.Install a fuse in the antenna feed line~
D.So the FCC can publish a call-sign directory~
C.A short way to describe `signal reception`~
A `coaxial cable` is actually two conductors, one inside the other.  A
center wire conductor is covered by an insulating material, then this is
covered by a metal sleeve or shield conductor, and this is covered with a
`weatherproof` insulating material.  `Coaxial cable` is also made so its
`impedance matches` most amateur antennas.  It's a `good antenna feed
line`.~
B.Let the transceiver cool off~
B.Symbol B~
A.Wave speed~
B.My name is~
B.To the antenna~
5/8-wavelength vertical, 1/4-wavelength vertical, more gain~
B.`11 ft`~
What are the frequency limits of the `10-meter Novice band`?~
3700 kHz, 80 meters~
Which of these usually needs a `heavy-duty power supply`?~
D.Any number, as long as they are transmitting on different bands~
amateur station, amateur radio service~
A.Too little transmitter harmonic suppression~
B.The 75 watt bulb~
B.You must `keep the call sign` of the other amateur, together with the
time and date of transmissions, `in your station records`~
What is the basic `unit of resistance`?~
C.An `open circuit`~
wall outlet, 120 volts~
B.Retransmit shortwave broadcasts~
You may let `another amateur` use your station to make a contact at any
time, but it is `NOT true` that you must `keep the call sign` of the other
amateur or anything else about the contact `in your station records`.~
A.By sending CW more slowly~
About how long is the `driven element` of a `Yagi` antenna?~
good Morse code characters, electronic keyer~
D.It is poor amateur practice to transmit outside the amateur bands~
B.A person who has a `written authorization` to be the control operator of
an amateur station~
How could you best keep `unauthorized persons` from using your amateur
station at home?~
The Federal Communications Commission (`FCC`) `makes` all the `rules` and
sees to it that they are followed (or `enforces` them).  The `FCC` has
`rules` for every kind of radio station, including amateur radio.  Where
are the `rules` for hams written down?  Part 97!~
B.Data~
Having an `amateur license` allows you to `control` the radio signals
(`transmissions`) of an `amateur` station.   It's the same as driving a
car, you must have a `license` before you are allowed to be in `control`;
in this case, in `control` of a station's `transmissions`.~
A.It may cause digital interference to computer equipment~
C.A 5/8-wavelength antenna has less corona loss~
control operator, any licensed amateur~
A.0.001 microfarads~
Which component can amplify a small signal but must use `high voltages`?~
B.Install an RF choke in the antenna feed line~
If you want to measure the relative impedance match between an antenna and
its feed line, connect an `SWR` meter between the two.  `A jumpy reading`
means you probably have `poor electrical contact` somewhere, and you
shouldn't operate with the antenna system until it's fixed.~
C.By digital pulse-code keying of an unmodulated carrier~
B.An SWR meter~
C.To safely bring any tools you might use up and down the tower~
safety, at 1270 MHz, antenna away from your eyes~
C.Novice and General~
disturbs other communications, harmful interference~
If your neighbor reports television `interference` whenever you are
transmitting from your amateur station, `no matter what frequency` band you
use, what is probably the cause of the interference?~
Although a `foreign country` may allow its amateur operators to talk to
any other amateurs around the world, sometimes it doesn't allow messages to
be sent for non-hams (`third-party` communications).  A non-ham friend of
yours (who can't be a control operator), can't talk to a ham in a `foreign
country` unless the US has a `third-party agreement` with that country.~
What does an `amateur license` allow you to `control`?~
C.The radio wave's `frequency is 3,725 kilohertz`~
B.It is difficult to make at home, and it does not work very well with a
high SWR~
What should you do for `safety` when operating `at 1270 MHz`?~
C.Both the `control operator` and the `station licensee`~
C.An SWR meter~
A.An amateur who volunteers to check amateur teaching manuals~
C.An area which is `too far away for ground-wave` propagation, but `too
close for sky-wave` propagation~
B.Divide 234 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [234/f (in
MHz)]~
As long as you are `in the US` and not a foreign country, you may
`operate` `whenever you want to`.  There are a few places `in the US` where
you can't transmit on certain frequencies, but usually you may have fun on
the ham bands wherever and `whenever you want to`.~
A.Symbol A~
A.A letter or postcard from an amateur pen pal~
transmit music, never~
How should you `answer a Morse code CQ call`?~
B.The repeater offers a choice of operating frequency, in case one is busy~
If you `deliberately interfere` with another station, this is called
harmful interference (or jamming), and it is `never` allowed.  If someone
does something on the air you don't like, just tune somewhere else.  `Never
deliberately interfere` with them.  Let the FCC handle it.~
network, connecting packet-radio stations, long distances~
B.A packet-radio station that retransmits any data that it receives~
The only thing the FCC says you must use to `identify your amateur
station` is `your call sign`.  You may also give your name, your "handle",
your location, etc., but the rules say that you must give `your call sign`.~
D.Symbol D~
D.A reversing current~
A.To protect historical radio data, and help the public understand radio
history~
A.To keep dangerous RF radiation from leaking out through an open cabinet~
double-pole, single-throw switch, symbol C~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use on the
amateur `1.25-meter band` in ITU Region 2?~
C.A copy of the Amateur Radio Handbook for instant reference~
When using a `repeater` to communicate, what do you need to know about the
repeater besides its `output frequency`?~
D.Say "CQ" at least ten times, followed by "this is," followed by your
call sign spoken once~
A.`5 watts PEP output`~
A.Director~
The prefix "centi" means 1/100 (one hundredth).  As you can see, there are
100 centimeters in 1 meter.  To change a length in centimeters to meters,
just divide the number of centimeters by 100.  So, an antenna that is `400
centimeters` long is also `4 meters` long.~
If you are operating on `7125 kHz`, in what amateur band are you operating?~
C.Send the other station's call sign once, followed by "DE," followed by
your call sign four times~
US amateur call signs, A, K, N and W~
B.No.  This would `facilitate the commercial affairs` of the club~
D.Symbol D~
If you ground your station equipment to a `ground rod` driven `into the
earth`, what is the `shortest length` the rod should be?~
A.25 volts~
Sending `communications for business` reasons is usually never allowed.
However, a message to a business is allowed `for the safety of human life`
or for the immediate protection of property.  For instance, you may call a
tow truck company with your radio to help someone stuck on the road.~
A.A 5/8-wavelength antenna can handle more power~
What does the FCC consider to be the `first two classes` of US amateur
operator licenses (one of which most new amateurs initially hold)?~
What's the frequency?  `21.150 MHz`.  What's that formula again?
Wavelength equals 300 divided by the frequency in MHz (21.150), which
equals 14.18.  What's the closest answer?  `15 meters`.  Simple!~
In Figure N6-1 which symbol represents a `single-cell battery`?~
How much voltage does a `wall outlet` usually supply (in the US)?~
If all your `station equipment` is `grounded` by connecting a wire from
each piece of equipment to a ground, you'll have better `protection from
electrical shock`.  Stray electricity will be conducted through the ground
wires instead of through you!~
D.Between the transmitter and the ground~
C.Signals are bent back to earth by the `ionosphere`~
amateur operator, written authorization~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use on
frequencies from `28.1 to 28.3 MHz`?~
D.`Ground-wave` propagation~
What may happen if an `SSB transmitter` is operated with `too much speech
processing`?~
C.The Radio Amateur's Handbook~
B.An earth ground~
Who is `responsible` for the proper operation of an amateur station?~
What does `60 hertz (Hz)` mean?~
D.An RS-232 interface~
What are some reasons to use `parallel-conductor feed line`?~
Why would there be a `switch` in a `high-voltage power supply` to turn off
the power if its cabinet is opened?~
C.Boom~
1.25-meter Novice band, 222.1-223.91~
protection from electrical shock, grounded, station equipment~
Why should you make sure the `antenna` of a hand held transceiver is `not
close to your head` when transmitting?~
What type of filter might be connected to an amateur HF transmitter to cut
down on `harmonic radiation`?~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  The pressure that forces electrons to flow through the resistance
of the circuit is called voltage.  As you might expect, the basic `unit of
voltage` is called the `volt`.~
A handy way to send computer `data` by `packet-radio` emissions has been
invented in the past few years.  A short message (called a packet) is sent
over the air as binary `data` from one terminal-node controller (TNC) to
another.  If the receiving TNC copies the `data` correctly, it sends back
a reply packet which tells the first TNC to send another packet.~
A.An antenna switch~
connect, transceiver, antenna switch, SWR meter~
Electrical energy at a frequency of `7125 kHz` is in what `frequency
range`?~
D.Nothing special; "MAYDAY" has no meaning in an emergency~
B.Unwanted signals that are combined with a 60-Hz hum~
In what direction does a `vertical antenna` send out `radio energy`?~
D.A postcard reminding you when your license will expire~
The prefix "kilo" means 1,000 (a thousand) and "mega" means 1,000,000 (a
million).  As you can see, there are 1000 kilohertz (kHz) in 1 megahertz
(MHz).  To change a frequency in kHz to MHz, just divide the number of kHz
by 1000.  So, if a dial reading `7125 kHz` were `marked in megahertz`, that
would be 7125 divided by 1000, or `7.125 MHz`.~
B.Data only~
lower the resonant frequency, lengthen~
heavy-duty power supply, transceiver~
Amateur radio is to be used for experimenting, helping others in an
emergency, learning, and having fun.  The one thing in this question that
doesn't fit in and `CANNOT be discussed` on the air is `business planning`.~
C.A transceiver and a terminal-network controller~
D.A `transceiver`~
A.First make sure that your `station is operating properly`, and that it
does not cause interference to your own television~
C.They can be easily `reflected` by the building~
A.An `alternating current`~
If you are told your station was heard on `21,375 kHz`, but at the time you
were operating on `7125 kHz`, what is one reason this could happen?~
D.Send your call sign followed by your name, station location and a signal
report~
B.As close to the ground as possible~
fixed resistor, symbol C~
3000-milliampere current, 3 amperes~
A `vertical antenna` sends out the least `radio energy` from its ends, and
the most in all directions from its side.  Since the ends of a `vertical
antenna` point up into the air and down into the ground, it sends the most
`radio energy` out from its side in `all horizontal directions` (across the
ground).~
pretends there is an emergency, false or deceptive signals~
B.Glass, wood, copper, porcelain~
The prefix "micro" means 1/1,000,000 (one millionth) and "pico" means
1/1,000,000,000,000 (one millionth of a millionth).  As you can see, there
are 1,000,000 picofarads in a microfarad.  To change picofarads to
microfarads, just divide the number of picofarads by 1,000,000.  So,
`1,000,000 picofarads` is `1 microfarad`.~
D.Divide 468 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [`468/f (in
MHz)`]~
B.It may cause `interference` to other stations operating `near its
frequency`~
A `transceiver` is usually kept indoors, out of the weather, and an
`antenna` is usually outdoors, raised as high as possible.  The radio
energy from a `transceiver` is fed to the `antenna` by a `feed line` which
`connects` the two together.~
When is an amateur station permitted to `transmit music`?~
B.`Two wires side-by-side` held apart by insulating rods~
A.A short way to describe ionospheric conditions~
If an `antenna is made longer`, what happens to its `resonant frequency`?~
A.Use a random wire antenna~
A.Nothing; no replacement is needed~
FM, deviation control set too high, interference, near its frequency~
What device might allow use of an `antenna on a band it was not designed
for`?~
D.A `bad filter capacitor` in the transmitter's power supply~
What is the name for `international Morse code` emissions?~
D.Turn up your microphone gain~
C.No power is going to the antenna~
Where would you install a `balun` to feed a dipole antenna with 50-ohm
coaxial cable?~
In Figure N6-2 which symbol represents a `single-pole, double-throw
switch`?~
C.An electrolytic capacitor~
C.Side tones~
D.Pointed down to bounce the signal off the ground~
C.Symbol C~
B.It may cause `splatter interference` to other stations operating near
its frequency~
B.To an antenna switch~
C.7100 - 7150 kHz~
radiate radio energy, antenna~
How do you calculate the `length (in feet)` of a `half-wavelength` dipole
antenna?~
If a radio wave makes `3,725,000 cycles in one second`, what does this
mean?~
A.Balanced antenna network~
B.35,800 kHz~
If somebody `pretends there is an emergency` and calls for help on the
air, this is called `false or deceptive signals`.  This is never allowed!
The FCC tracks down and stops `false or deceptive signals` very quickly.~
C.Most of it goes equally in two opposite directions~
A.Install a balun at the antenna feed point~
Remember that an `RST` `signal report` tells you how well a signal is
being received (its quality).  `RST` stands for the `readability`, `signal
strength` and `tone` of a signal.~
B.`Only the privileges allowed by your license`~
D.The person who owns the station equipment~
hold the antenna, hand held transceiver, away from your head~
C."End of message"~
Whenever you change the volume on a radio or TV, you are using a
`potentiometer`.  Just remember that a `potentiometer` is a resistor with
a `value that can be changed` either up or down.~
C.To use your body to reflect the signal in one direction~
A repeater listens for signals on one frequency and retransmits them more
powerfully on another frequency.  The `purpose of a repeater` is to help
portable stations (hand-held walkie-talkies) or stations in a car (mobile)
`increase the range` of their signals.  Think of talking in a quiet voice
to someone who shouts your message a long way (a repeater).~
B.To an antenna switch~
The name `CW` stands for "continuous wave", which means just a plain `RF
signal` which is started and stopped by `on/off keying`.  A special on/off
code called international Morse code is known all over the world as the
best way to send the letters, numbers and punctuation of messages by `CW`.~
before you transmit, listen, others are not using the frequency~
A.`Symbol A`~
A `coaxial cable` is actually two conductors, one inside the other.  A
`center wire` conductor is covered by an insulating material, then this is
`covered by a metal sleeve or shield` conductor.  Finally, this outer
conductor is covered with a weatherproof insulating material.~
C.`7100 - 7150 kHz`~
An `SWR meter` is used to read the impedance match between a `transceiver`
and its antenna system.  An `antenna switch` is used to switch a
`transceiver` between more than one type of antenna.  So, if block 2 is an
`SWR meter` and block 3 is an `antenna switch`, block 1 must be a
`transceiver`.~
C.Bad design of the transmitter's RF power output circuit~
A.Between your antenna and transceiver~
A.`80, 40, 15, and 10 meters`~
transmitter power, minimum, necessary to communicate~
D.A high-pass filter~
What are two of the five `purposes` for the amateur service?~
D.A metal pipe which is as wide or slightly wider than a wavelength of the
signal it carries~
When you get your license it may take you a while to become brave enough
to make a `contact on a repeater`.  Just hold down the transmit switch, say
the `call sign of the station` you want to contact, then say `your call
sign` and let go of the switch and listen.~
begin communications, no identification is required~
B.If the interference is about the same `no matter what frequency` is used
for the transmitter~
In Figure N6-1 which symbol represents a `fuse`?~
A simple formula tells us how long a half-wavelength antenna should be:
Length = 468/f.  Since we want a `quarter-wavelength` antenna instead of a
half-wavelength, we just divide 468 by 2 and get 234.  So, a `quarter-
wavelength` antenna's `length (in feet)` equals `234/f (in MHz)`, where f
is the operating (resonant) frequency of the antenna.~
`Data emissions` (packet) may only be transmitted in the HF bands by a
`Novice` from `28.1 - 28.3 MHz`.  This range is in the `Novice` section of
the 10-meter band.  To send packet, you need a computer or a keyboard with
a display, and a terminal-node-controller (TNC) hooked to a transceiver.~
A.A private radio service used for profit and public benefit~
`When a contact is possible` between two hams who can receive each other's
signals, `simplex operation` should be used `instead of a repeater`.  The
repeater may then be used by someone who might need it for an emergency.~
B.100~
B.Use an RF amplifier~
D.A 5/8-wavelength antenna is easier to install on a car~
C.Use less feed line~
D.40 ft~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  A pressure called voltage forces electrons through the resistance
of the circuit.  The basic `unit of resistance` is an `ohm`.  A pressure of
1 volt will force 1 ampere of current to flow through a resistance of 1
`ohm`.~
D.Tropospheric propagation~
Ground-wave signals hug the surface of the Earth and don't travel very
far.  Sky-wave signals are bent by the ionosphere high overhead and return
back to the Earth a long distance away.  A `skip zone` is an area around a
station which is `too far away for ground-wave` signals to be heard, and
`too close for sky-wave` signals to be bent back.~
B.Mostly up and down~
For frequencies in the `UHF` range and above, it's especially important to
`keep RF loss low`.  Signals in this range are easily weakened by bad
connections and poor cable, so use `good quality coaxial cable and
connectors` when working with `UHF` antenna systems.~
packet-radio, data~
Why does anyone have a `mailing address`?  So they can `receive mail`.
After you pass your amateur exams, the FCC will mail your license to your
`mailing address`.~
D.Your transmitter's power-supply filter choke was bad~
C.It is in bad taste to communicate with non-amateurs, even as a joke~
In Figure N6-4 which symbol represents a `PNP transistor`?~
C.Symbol C~
To talk in `Morse code` to anyone listening on your frequency, call CQ
instead of asking for a station.  `To call CQ`, just send the letters `"CQ"
three times`, the letters "DE", then `your call sign sent three times`.
For instance, W5YI would call CQ by sending:  "CQ CQ CQ DE W5YI W5YI W5YI"~
electrical insulator, does not let electricity flow~
B.Signals in the 21 MHz range~
Almost anyone may become a `US amateur` (a ham), `except a representative
of a foreign government`.  For instance, an ordinary French citizen may
earn a US amateur license, but the French ambassador cannot.~
D.By on/off keying an audio-frequency signal~
terminal-node controller, packet-radio operation, computer, transceiver~
A.The volt~
What is the definition of `third-party communications`?~
C.You must notify the FCC if another amateur acts as the control operator~
interfering, frequency near yours, spurious emissions~
C.It switches an antenna system to a transceiver when sending, and to a
receiver when listening~
C.Divide 300 by the antenna's operating frequency (in MHz) [300/f (in
MHz)]~
What does `balun` mean?~
Novice, 21.1 to 21.2 MHz, CW only~
To best `protect against electrical shock`, you should `connect the
chassis` of each piece of your station equipment to a good `ground
connection`.  That way stray electricity will be conducted through the
ground wires instead of through you!~
The outer part of the atmosphere nearest space is very thin and is ionized
by the sun, so it is called the `ionosphere`.  These `ionized gases high
above the earth` can bend radio waves.  We can receive radio signals from
far away if they are bent around the Earth by the `ionosphere`.~
contact on a repeater, call sign of the station, your call sign~
If an `antenna is made shorter`, what happens to its `resonant frequency`?~
It's very simple:  If an amateur sends a communication which `does not
have identification`, this is called `unidentified communications`.  Hams
must always identify their communications with their call sign at least
once every ten minutes and once more at the end of communications.~
The `15-meter band` may let you talk thousands of miles away, day or
night.  As a `Novice` you must use `CW only`, but just tune in any time and
see what's happening!~
You are the `station licensee` of your own station, even if you let
another amateur operate your transmitter.  You are always `responsible` for
the `proper operation` of your station, even if someone else is the control
operator.~
A.Transmitting and receiving `on the same frequency`~
A.To a power supply~
B.Only the privileges allowed by your license~
In Figure N6-3 which symbol represents an `antenna`?~
B.25 watts PEP output~
D.`Whenever you want to`~
B.5~
distance an AC signal travels, one complete cycle, wavelength~
B.It helps a receiver automatically tune in stations that are far away~
A.An impedance match which is too low~
How could you `lower the resonant frequency` of a dipole antenna?~
A.0 - 20 Hz~
A.225.0 - 230.5 MHz~
C.Symbol C~
B.Lower-sideband~
C.Unless there are sunspots, the ionization is zero~
C.By audio-frequency-shift keying an oscillator tone~
C.An `SWR meter`~
On which bands must a `Novice` station use no more than `5 watts PEP output
power`?~
C.A `vacuum tube`~
B.A variable resistor~
D.Symbol D~
When you are talking to a `distant station`, you are said to be "working
`DX`".  Hams use `DX` to mean a long distance for the band they are using.
For instance, a contact from Florida to Arizona is not `DX` on the 80-meter
worldwide band, but on the 2-meter band (which has a much shorter range),
it would be called `DX`.~
purposes, trained, operators, experts, improve international goodwill~
A.A terminal-node controller~
A.0.35 volts~
C.A `modem`~
3500-millivolt potential, 3.5 volts~
D.Signals in the `1270 MHz range`~
C.Send the letters "CQ" ten times, followed by "DE," followed by your call
sign sent once~
D.It may cause interference to other stations operating on a higher
frequency band~
B.An `antenna switch`~
D.Only if he or she works for a `club station` and `special requirements`
are met~
C.By using a better power supply~
B.`Coaxial cable`~
electric current, ampere~
B.The operations coordinator~
antenna on a band it was not designed for, antenna tuner~
D.`Symbol D`~
D.`Talk further away` from the microphone~
sunspot cycle, 11 years~
If your neighbor reports television `interference` on `one or two channels`
only when you are transmitting on the 15-meter band, what is probably the
cause of the interference?~
outside antennas, no one can touch them, might cause RF burns~
D.The `ohm`~
C.At the station's entrance, to control entry to the room~
C.A receiving station is displaying all messages sent to it, and replying
that the messages are being received correctly~
Novice, FM phone, 222.1 - 223.91 MHz~
Remember the formula:  300 divided by the frequency in MHz equals the
wavelength in meters.  `28.150 MHz` divided into 300 gives 10.66, or `10
meters`.~
A.0.007125 MHz~
one direction, direct current~
What would you connect `to a transceiver` for `RTTY operation`?~
B.Reflector~
space station, 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface~
B.Signals are reflected by the moon~
B.A public radio service for US citizens which requires no exam~
B.`Your call sign`~
A.It gives the low-pass filter a solid support~
C.Anyone designated by the commander of the spacecraft~
narrow-band, direct-printing telegraphy, RTTY~
C.21 ft~
B.A low-pass filter~
A transmitter needs a steady supply of smooth direct current from its
power supply to send a pure signal.  If its power supply has a `bad filter
capacitor`, some of the AC signal from the power line may mix in with the
transmitted signal and be heard as a `buzzing or hum`.~
C.Say `"CQ" three times`, followed by "this is," followed by `your call
sign spoken three times`~
call CQ, voice, "CQ" three times, your call sign spoken three times~
B.80, 40, 20, and 10 meters~
Someday a neighbor might complain that your amateur station is causing
`television interference` when it's not your fault.  Check to make sure
your `station is operating properly` and does not cause `television
interference` to your own TV set.  If not, then you may not be causing the
interference.~
A.0.0005 farads~
D.10,000 - 30,000 Hz~
When a signal is returned to earth by the `ionosphere`, what is this
called?~
B.The other amateur (the station licensee)~
B.`40 meters`~
What are the five US amateur operator `license classes`?~
B.50 inches~
B.Symbol B~
A.A catalytic converter~
D.The `minimum` legal power `necessary to communicate`~
answer a voice CQ, station's call sign once, your call sign, phonetically~
C.During an emergency or an FCC-approved emergency practice~
D.Phone~
B.Pointed towards the station you are contacting~
What is the name for `voice` emissions?~
What would you use to connect a coaxial cable of `50-ohms impedance` to an
antenna of `35-ohms impedance`?~
C.`Each station` must transmit `its own call sign`~
B.Anywhere in the same building as the transmitter~
A.Only the control operator~
A.RTTY~
D.A terminal-network controller~
SWR reading, 4:1, impedance mismatch~
to a transceiver, voice operation, microphone~
In Figure N6-4 which symbol represents a `triode vacuum tube`?~
B.`Send more slowly`~
B.Technical standards~
C.`Symbol C`~
D.Make sure the SWR on your antenna feed line is high enough~
C.3,725 Hz~
connects, transceiver, antenna, feed line~
What should you do `before you transmit` on any frequency?~
B.Anyone who is responsible for the station's equipment~
C.Farad force, or capacitance~
connected, packet-radio link, sending data, received correctly~
A.3500 - 4000 kHz~
In an `emergency` which threatens a human life or may destroy property,
you may `send a distress signal` on any frequency to get help.  The word
"SOS" is sent when using Morse code, and "MAYDAY" is sent when using voice.
These two words may only be used in an `emergency`.~
What is a `coaxial cable`?~
A.`80 meters`~
When may you `send a distress signal` on any frequency?~
D.A control operator is not needed~
A.Any two-digit number, 10 through 99~
D.Data and phone~
D.The SWR meter is broken~
C.The gas region~
C.Knife-edge diffraction~
A.An FCC operator's training permit for a licensed radio station~
non-amateur stations, only those authorized~
D.The AC power mains~
A.It may transmit `spurious emissions`~
B.Symbol B~
A.Turn on your speech processor~
D.A potentiometer~
D.`All amateur emission privileges` authorized for use on the band~
C.It stays the same~
C.Because this range is too low for radio energy~
telegraph key, send Morse code, transceiver~
A.Never~
B.37.25 Hz~
C.Make sure the standing wave ratio is low before you conduct a test~
CTCSS, PL, sub-audible tone, accept a signal~
If your `SWR` meter shows a mismatch reading between an antenna and its
feed line across an entire band, and the `low frequency SWR` reading is
higher than the `high frequency` reading (for instance `5:1` for the low
and `2.5:1` for the high), it's likely that your `antenna is too short` for
the band.~
No transmitter sends a perfect signal on only one frequency.  `Unwanted
signals` called `harmonic radiation` are also transmitted which are
`multiples of the fundamental` (chosen) frequency.  The better the
transmitter circuit, the weaker its `harmonic radiation` will be.~
D.There are `no age limits`~
2 amperes, 50-ohm, 100 volts~
B.De-ionization of the ionosphere near your neighbor's TV antenna~
C.Only if it is used to jam an illegal transmission~
B.`High-pass`~
B.An emergency test transmission~
hertz, in a kilohertz, 1000~
The prefix "kilo" means 1,000 (a thousand) and "mega" means 1,000,000 (a
million).  As you can see, there are 1000 kilohertz (kHz) in 1 megahertz
(MHz).  To change a frequency in MHz to kHz, just multiply the number of
MHz by 1000.  So, if a dial reading `3.525 MHz` were `marked in kilohertz`,
that would be 3.525 times 1000, or `3525 kHz`.~
How should you `hold the antenna` of a `hand held transceiver` while you
are transmitting?~
A.Yes, if the club is a not-for-profit organization~
`Splatter interference` on nearby frequencies may be caused if too much
audio signal is put into an `SSB transmitter`.  If you transmit with `too
much speech processing`, the loudest sounds of your speech will cause your
signal to spread out too much beyond your operating frequency and cause
`splatter interference` to other stations.~
A.Only one at a time~
C.A high-pass filter~
C.RTTY only~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  The `pressure` that `forces electrons to flow` through the
resistance of the circuit is called `voltage`.  The higher the resistance
of a circuit, the more `voltage` it takes to make the same amount of
current flow.~
propagation, VHF, line-of-sight~
Although most countries allow their amateur operators to talk to any other
amateurs around the world, sometimes a country doesn't allow messages to be
sent for `non-amateurs` (third-party communications).  A `non-amateur`
friend of yours can't talk to a ham at a `foreign station` unless the US
has a `third-party agreement` with the foreign ham's country.~
In the United States, all the rules for hams are in `Part 97`.  This is a
small section in a huge set of books called the Code of Federal Regulations
(`CFR`).  `Part 97` has the `rules and regulations` all hams must obey,
such as who may control a ham transmitter, what radio bands hams may use,
how tests for ham licenses must be given, etc.~
Which sideband is commonly used for `10-meter phone` operation?~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show switch inputs and outputs as small
circles.  A solid line for each pole is drawn between the circles, and a
dotted line is used if there is more than one pole.  A `double-pole,
double-throw switch` would show two input circles, four output circles, and
two solid lines connected by a dotted line, just like `symbol B`.~
D.A carefully inspected `safety belt`, hard hat and safety glasses~
B.`2 amperes`~
A.To lock the antenna system in one position~
B.25 watts PEP output~
D.The station licensee, unless the station records show that you were the
control operator at the time~
C.`Receiver overload`~
C.It stays the same~
Many modern transceivers have a connection for `RTTY operation`.  If you
connect a `modem` `to a transceiver`, and connect a `teleprinter or
computer system` to the `modem`, you'll be ready for `RTTY operation`.~
What is the lowest frequency of electrical energy that is usually known as
a `radio frequency`?~
B.Recovery, signal speed, tone~
C.`3525 kHz`~
C.It may transmit a weak signal~
B.To learn about business communications, increase testing by trained
technicians, and improve amateur communications~
C.Say the other station's call sign at least three times, followed by
"this is," then your call sign at least five times phonetically~
In Figure N9-1, what is the name of `element 3` of the `Yagi` antenna?~
The name `CW` stands for "continuous wave", which means just a plain RF
signal which is started and stopped by on/off keying.  A special on/off
code called `international Morse code` is known all over the world as the
best way to send the letters, numbers and punctuation of messages by `CW`.~
single-cell battery, symbol D~
Novice, 1.25-meter band, all amateur emission privileges~
On which bands may a `Novice` station use up to `200 watts PEP output
power`?~
A.Only if the station is operating illegally~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show a resistor as several zigzag lines.
If a line ending in an arrow touches to one of the zigzag lines, it means
the resistor is a `variable resistor or potentiometer`, such as the drawing
for `symbol B`.~
television interference, station is operating properly~
C.`CW, RTTY and data`~
C.About 120 volts~
B.Touching the antenna `might cause RF burns`~
digipeater, packet-radio, retransmits~
What instrument is used to measure the `relative impedance match` between
an antenna and its feed line?~
B.An antenna~
C.When playing a harmless "practical joke"~
What is an `autopatch`?~
D.10 meters~
C.`200 watts PEP output`~
A `Yagi` antenna usually has one driven element, one reflector, and one or
more director elements.  The reflector is a little longer than the `driven
element`, and the director or directors are a little shorter.  Since
`element 2` is shorter than element 1 and longer than element 3, and since
the feed line connects to `element 2`, it must be the `driven element`.~
What are `RST signal reports`?~
A `Yagi` usually has one driven element, one reflector, and one or more
director elements.  `Radio energy` is sent by the driven element in two
directions, but the energy going to the reflector is reflected back the
other way.  So, looking at Figure N9-1, `radio energy` sent to the
reflector (the left element) would reflect back, to the `right`.~
A.An SWR meter~
What must you have with you when you are the `control operator` of an
amateur station?~
When a signal travels along the `surface of the Earth`, what is this
called?~
Sometimes a station far away will tell you that `your signal is extremely
strong`.  If this happens, it means that you can make an `adjustment` to
your transceiver to `turn down your power` and still be heard by the other
station.  This cuts down interference to others on nearby frequencies.~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show a resistor as several zigzag lines.
If the zigzag lines are connected only at two ends and there is no line
with an arrow touching the zigzag lines, it means the resistor is a `fixed
resistor`, such as the drawing for `symbol C`.~
A.5 watts PEP output~
A `parallel-conductor feed line` is simply two wires side-by-side
(parallel to each other) held apart by insulating rods.  If any `metal
objects` are put near the two wires, the feed line doesn't work very well.
Also, the impedance of a `parallel-conductor feed line` is much higher than
most amateur transceivers, so an `impedance matching device` must be used.~
Ohm's law says that the voltage to a circuit equals the current flowing
through it multiplied by its resistance (E=IR), or to turn it around,
current equals voltage divided by resistance (I=E/R).  So, if `200 volts`
is connected to a `100-ohm` resistance, I = 200 / 100, or I = `2 amperes`.~
A.Symbol A~
What is the `most transmitter power` a `Novice` station may use on `28.125
MHz`?~
keep a CW transmitter from chirping, voltages very steady~
frequency of a harmonic, exactly two, or three, or more times~
Although there's a limit on the most `transmitter power` hams can use, you
should at all times use the `minimum necessary to communicate` with another
station.  You'll may be surprised at how little power it takes to talk
around the world!~
When you get on the air, you might hear a station using voice to call CQ
(anyone listening may answer).  To `answer a voice CQ`, say the `station's
call sign once`, then the words "this is", then `your call sign` spoken
`phonetically`.  For instance, if NS5I is calling CQ, W5YI would answer by
saying:  "NS5I this is Whiskey Five Yankee India"~
D.It disappears~
A.It `may cause interference` to other stations and may result in `out-of-
band` signals~
C.Pointed away from the station you are contacting~
C.Data only~
If `receiver overload` occurs in a television receiver because of strong
signals from your transmitter, it may appear as `interference` on the TV
screen `no matter what frequency band` you use.  Try a high-pass filter
connected between the TV and its antenna to fix the problem.~
Where should you `connect the chassis` of each piece of your station
equipment to best `protect against electrical shock`?~
B.Put a "do not touch" sign on the radio~
If a `US station` sends `third-party` messages `internationally` (messages
sent to an amateur station in another country), then the `US station` must
`transmit both call signs` at the end of the contact, its own call sign and
the foreign station's call sign.~
D."`Calling any station`"~
A.A `PNP transistor`~
What is an amateur `space station`?~
73, best regards~
Why should you `ground all antenna and rotator cables` when your amateur
station is not in use?~
B.It `does not let electricity flow` through it~
D.By on/off keying an audio-frequency signal~
B.`Copper or copper-clad steel`~
If another ham invites you to use his or her station, while `you are the
control operator` of the station and are using your call sign for
identification, you may use `only the privileges allowed by your license`.~
Why does `coaxial cable` make a `good antenna feed line`?~
In what direction does a `Yagi` antenna `send out radio energy`?~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use in the
`80-meter band`?~
What kind of `SWR` reading may mean `poor electrical contact` between parts
of an antenna system?~
`Balun` simply means `balanced to unbalanced`.  A feed line is unbalanced
if one of its conductors is connected to ground, such as coaxial cable.  If
a balanced antenna, such as a dipole, is connected through a `balun` to an
unbalanced feed line, the `balun` will electrically separate the antenna
from the ground connection.~
In a `vacuum tube` electrons flow from a cathode to a plate with a control
grid between the two.  To get the electrons to flow, the cathode is heated
and `high voltages` are used to repel the electrons from the cathode and
attract them to the plate.  A small signal on the control grid can greatly
change this high-power flow of electrons and amplify the signal.~
C.14 ft~
C.`222.1 - 223.91 MHz`~
If a voltmeter marked in volts is used to measure a `3500-millivolt
potential`, what reading would it show?~
C.`CW and single-sideband phone`~
horizontal wire antenna, no one can touch any part of it~
A.80 meters~
D.`Balanced to unbalanced`~
How do `VHF and UHF radio waves` usually travel from a transmitting antenna
to a receiving antenna?~
transmitter, operated without the cover, spurious emissions~
In an electric circuit, the flow of electrons is called an electric
current.  If the electrons flow `back and forth`, first in one direction,
then in the opposite direction, this is called `alternating current`.  Most
household appliances use `alternating current` at 60 hertz.  Sometimes you
can hear humming as the current flows `back and forth` 60 times per second.~
The name `RTTY` stands for "radio teletype", which is a way to send
printed messages by direct-printing telegraphy.  As letters on a keyboard
are typed, they are changed into a binary code, sent over the air by
`frequency-shift keying` a narrow-band `RF signal`, and are decoded back
into printed letters by another `RTTY` station.~
parallel-conductor feed line, metal objects, impedance matching device~
half-wavelength, 3725 kHz, 126 ft~
B.Electromotive force, or `voltage`~
How does the `frequency of a harmonic` compare to the desired transmitting
frequency?~
The frequency of `21.125 MHz` is in the Novice section of the 15-meter
band.  The `most transmitter power` any US ham may use here (Novice or not)
is `200 watts PEP output`.  Every class of operator has the same chance of
making a contact in this part of the band as another.~
What instrument is used to measure `standing wave ratio`?~
D.The ohm~
Using the formula wavelength = 300 / frequency in MHz, we'll divide 300 by
7.125 (or `7125 kHz` converted to MHz).  Let's see, that's 42.11, or `40
meters` as the closest answer.~
VHF and UHF radio waves, straight line~
D.Any speed, since RTTY systems adjust to any signal speed~
B.Symbol B~
What is the `most transmitter power` a `Novice` station may use on the `10-
meter band`?~
C.`Never`, except to contol a model craft~
What age must you be to hold an `amateur license`?~
If you're high above the ground `working on an antenna tower`, you'll want
to use a good `safety belt` to keep you from falling.  Other `safety
equipment` you'll want is a hard hat and safety glasses to protect you from
things which might be dropped or come loose from the tower.~
It's perfectly OK to `begin communications` with someone else and not
identify your station right away.  Even though `no identification is
required` when you start talking, you must, however, identify at least
every ten minutes from then on, and once more when you are done.~
With which `non-amateur stations` is a US amateur station allowed to
communicate?~
C.Send the letters "CQ" ten times, followed by the procedural signal "DE",
followed by your call sent one time~
Which one of these must you have an `amateur license` to do?~
A.It `goes down`~
signals outside the band, spurious emissions~
A.Fill out an FCC Form 610 using your new address, attach a copy of your
license, and mail it to your local FCC Field Office~
D.The ampere~
What may happen if an `SSB transmitter` is operated with the `microphone
gain set too high`?~
If you want to measure the `relative impedance match` between an antenna
and its feed line, connect a standing wave ratio meter (abbreviated `SWR
meter`) between the two.  A perfect match will read 1:1 on the `SWR meter`.~
A circuit with normal current flow is called a closed or complete circuit.
A circuit which uses too much current is called a short circuit, and a
circuit with `no current` flow is called an `open circuit`.~
C.A telegraph key switch~
B.Gold, silver, wood~
C.A terminal voice controller~
receiver overload, strong signals~
makes, enforces, rules, FCC~
C."Only the called station should transmit"~
A.`Use Standard International Phonetics` for each letter of your call~
CANNOT be discussed, business planning~
A.Touching the antenna might cause television interference~
B.It may cause `splatter interference` to other stations operating near
its frequency~
D.If grounding the receiver makes the problem worse~
another amateur, NOT true, keep the call sign, in your station records~
B.All `station equipment`~
D.It is much smaller~
D.You are allowed to help on a frequency outside your privileges `in any
way possible`~
B.3700 - 3750 kHz~
C.The US station must transmit its own call sign at the beginning of each
communication, and at least every five minutes after that~
C.1.25 meters~
7125 kHz, frequency range, radio~
B.Data only~
US amateur license, regulated by the FCC~
7125 kHz, 40 meters~
D.They have no effect~
B.80, 40, 20, and 10 meters~
B.2,000 Hz~
B.Stop all discussions and quickly sign off~
C.`1000`~
`Harmonic radiation` from your transmitter may cause television
`interference` on only `one or two channels` of a TV receiver.  Connecting
a low-pass filter between your transmitter and its antenna will usually fix
the problem.~
A circuit with normal current flow is called a closed or complete circuit.
A circuit which uses `too much current` is called a `short circuit`, and a
circuit with no current flow is called an open circuit.~
D.1 wavelength~
Electrical drawings (schematics) show a `single-cell battery` as two side-
by-side lines, one longer than the other.  Since a battery has a positive
and a negative side, a plus sign is usually shown above the long line, and
a minus sign above the short line, such as in `symbol D`.~
What does it mean to say that a repeater has `an input and an output
frequency`?~
B.The watt~
On what frequencies in ITU Region 2 may `Novice` control operators use `FM
phone`?~
A.Send your call sign four times~
D.1500 watts PEP output~
A.The Congress of the United States~
prevent key clicks, key-click filter~
B.A high-pitched tone which is received along with a CW signal~
A.Use heavy insulation on the wiring~
B.To avoid radio frequency interference~
A.Any person over 21 years of age~
A.A shortwave-broadcast station's transmissions~
Almost every modern transceiver has a `microphone` connection for `voice
operation`.  Just connect a `microphone` `to a transceiver`, push the
button to talk, and let go of the button to receive.~
If the ends of a `half-wave dipole antenna` point `east and west`, which
way would the antenna send out `radio energy`?~
D.29.100 - 29.500 MHz~
As you might expect, you'd use an `antenna switch` to `switch` a
transceiver between `more than one` `antenna`.  For instance, you could use
an `antenna switch` to choose between a vertical and a beam `antenna` for
your transceiver without having to unplug the cable for one and connect the
cable for the other.~
If someone sends signals to try to `disturb other communications`, such as
trying to jam a repeater or a police channel, this is called `harmful
interference`.  The FCC tracks down and stops `harmful interference` very
quickly, because emergency communications can't get through.~
The lower half of the 10-meter `Novice` band, from `28.1 to 28.3 MHz`, is
where a `Novice` may send `CW, RTTY and data` signals.  This means Morse
code, radio-teletype and packet (computer data).  There's something fun for
everyone to do on the 10-meter `Novice` band!~
element 2, Yagi, driven element~
Most transmitters must be tuned up (adjusted) before they send out a good
signal.  You can `cut down on interference` and `shorten transmitter tune-
up time` if you use a `dummy load` instead of an antenna for tune-up.  With
a `dummy load`, your signal can't interfere with anyone.~
C.To modernize radio schematic drawings, and increase the pool of
electrical drafting people~
A.Coaxial cable~
`Spurious emissions` are unwanted signals which may be sent along with
your main signal if your transmitter isn't shielded or if it isn't adjusted
right.  Your transmitter should not be operated without the cover and all
shielding in place, otherwise it might send `spurious emissions` and you
could end up `interfering` with signals on a `frequency near yours`.~
D.`1.25 meters`~
In Figure N6-2 which symbol represents a `double-pole, double-throw
switch`?~
D.You may expect, and cause, deliberate interference because it can't be
helped during crowded band conditions~
What is the `longest period of time` an amateur station can operate without
transmitting its call sign?~
What emission types are `Novice` control operators allowed to use on
frequencies from `21.1 to 21.2 MHz`?~
If a current of `3 amperes` flows through a resistor connected to `90
volts`, what is the resistance?~
B.It `increases`~
A.An impedance match which is too low~
What can you do if you are told your `FM` hand held or mobile transceiver
is `over deviating`?~
A.Your transmitter's power-supply filter capacitor was bad~
How does the range of `sky-wave propagation` compare to ground-wave
propagation?~
connect the chassis, protect against electrical shock, ground connection~
What is a transmission called that `disturbs other communications`?~
B.Image only~
D.Say the other `station's call sign once`, followed by "this is," then
`your call sign` given `phonetically`~
harmful interference, deserves a large penalty, blocks, emergency~
answering a CQ, RTTY, same speed as the received signal~
C.The `100 watt` bulb~
C.Just high enough so you can easily reach it for adjustments or repairs~
SWR, low frequency, 5:1, 2.5:1, high frequency, antenna is too short~
A.Symbol A~
The number of times per second a signal cycles back and forth is called
its `frequency`.  A signal also travels at the speed of light as it cycles.
The distance a signal travels during a cycle is called its wavelength.  A
signal's `frequency` `goes down` as its `wavelength gets longer` because
the cycle time of a lower `frequency` gives the signal a longer travel
time.~
The prefix "kilo" means 1,000 (a thousand) and "mega" means 1,000,000 (a
million).  As you can see, there are `1000` `kilohertz` (kHz) `in a
megahertz` (MHz).~
call CQ, RTTY, "CQ" three to six times, your call sign sent three times~
longest period of time, 10 minutes~
B.6 feet~
NPN transistor, symbol D~
C.Calling any station~
transmit from another amateur's station, responsible, both of you~
antenna is made shorter, resonant frequency, increases~
no Morse code, Technician~
A.A `packet-radio` station that `retransmits` only data that is marked to
be retransmitted~
B.Most of it goes high into the air~
10-meter Novice band, 28.100-28.500 MHz~
D.Above high-voltage electrical lines~
It's very easy for `VHF or UHF signals` to be `reflected` by something
made of metal, such as a metal-framed building or a passing airplane.  Most
of the time the `reflected` signal is not wanted and interferes with the
unreflected signal.~
Sometimes instead of wanting to talk on the air to someone you know, you
might want to see who's listening and invite them to talk to you.  If so,
use the `procedural signal` "`CQ`", which means "`calling any station`".
For instance, W5YI would say:  "`CQ CQ CQ` DE W5YI W5YI W5YI"~
A.`Symbol A`~
D.You are `responsible` for the `proper operation` of the station in
accordance with the FCC rules~
A.Recovery, signal strength, tempo~
operate, amateur station, amateur, license~
B.The radio wave's wavelength is 3,725 kilometers~
Sometimes when there are strong signals coming into a television receiver
from a nearby transmitter, RF `overload` will occur and appear as
interference on the TV screen.  If this happens, a `high-pass` filter
connected between the TV and its antenna will usually fix the problem.~
D.To improve patriotism, preserve nationalism, and promote world peace~
C.Transponder signals~
B.`Symbol B`~
In Figure N6-1 which symbol represents a `fixed resistor`?~
What are the frequency limits of the `40-meter Novice band` (ITU Region 2)?~
`222.1-223.91 MHz` is in the VHF range and reaches at least as far as the
size of a large city.  But even with this range, the `1.25-meter Novice
band` is always good for static-free chats across town on a repeater, and
it's also used for packet work.~
A.`Ohm's Law`~
In Figure N7-1, if block 1 is a `transceiver` and block 3 is a `dummy
antenna` what is block 2?~
If a `100-ohm` resistor is connected to `200 volts`, what is the current
through the resistor?~
If you use Morse code to send CQ or you are talking to someone else on the
air, the `procedural signal` "`K`" is used to mean "`any station
transmit`".  This tells other hams who may be listening that they may join
in.  For instance, if W5YI wanted to tell NS5I to go ahead, but any other
station could cut in, W5YI would send:  "NS5I DE W5YI `K`"~
B.A very low reading~
If you wanted to `join a radio club`, would you be allowed to `send a
message` to them via amateur radio requesting an application?~
B.`Symbol B`~
B.Transmitter chirping~
B.A Notice of Violation from the FCC~
US amateur call, KA9OLS~
A.Its `input frequency`~
B.`Harmful interference`~
B.18 years or older~
D.`My location is`~
D.A `transceiver` and a `teleprinter or computer system`~
B.A plastic cold water pipe~
Which of these materials is best for a `ground rod` driven `into the
earth`?~
In the US there are five `license classes`, each one a little harder to
get than the one before, but each one allowing you to do more and more on
the air.  From easiest to hardest they are:  `Novice`,  `Technician`,
`General`, `Advanced` and `Amateur Extra`.  Just remember the jingle:
"Nice To Get An Amateur Extra" (N, T, G, A, AE).~
quarter-wavelength, 21.125 MHz, 11 ft~
D.`Resistance`~
A.`Away from your head` and away from others~
Remember that RST stands for Readability, Signal Strength and Tone, all
three of which describe a received signal's quality.  `RST signal reports`
describe the quality of `signal reception` at the listener's station.~
examinations, Novice, Element 1(A), Element 2~
A `coaxial cable` is actually two conductors, one inside the other.  A
center wire conductor is covered by an insulating material, then this is
covered by a metal sleeve or shield conductor, and this is covered with
more insulating material.  Because the conductors are so well protected, it
can be used as an `antenna feed line` which is `buried in the ground`.~
B.Send a change of address to the FCC using a current FCC Form 610~
D.Business communications are allowed between the hours of 9 AM to 5 PM,
weekdays~
amateur license, control, amateur, transmissions~
C.Any speed at which you can `reliably receive`~
C.Symbol C~
A.The `ionosphere`~
When you are talking with someone, you must identify your station at least
every ten minutes.  When you `end communications` though, `each station`
must identify with `its own call sign`.  Sometimes you'll hear a station
give both call signs, but that's not really required.~
If a signal is a harmonic of another signal, it means that the frequency
of the first signal is exactly two, or three, or more times the frequency
of the second signal.  The frequency of a harmonic is always an even
multiple of the fundamental frequency.  For instance, a `7160-kHz` signal's
`fourth harmonic` is `28,640 kHz` (7160 x 4 = 28640).~
transmitters, control, any number~
A.A transceiver and a modem~
The human ear can sense sound energy at frequencies below `20,000 Hz`.
Even though we can't hear radio energy at any frequency unless it is
changed to sound energy by a radio receiver, we say that `radio frequency`
begins where our hearing range of `20,000 Hz` ends.~
The name `RTTY` stands for "radio teletype", which is a way to send
printed messages by `direct-printing telegraphy`.  As letters on a keyboard
are typed, they are changed into a binary code, sent over the air by
frequency-shift keying a `narrow-band` RF signal, and are decoded back into
printed letters by another `RTTY` station.~
B.`0.5 farads`~
C.Your transmitter was radiating `harmonic signals`~
D.Wave spread~
C.Send RST report~
D.`3,725,000 Hz`~
protected from lightning damage, ground all antennas~
A.No identification is required~
D.An antenna tuner~
B.You are allowed to help only if you keep your signals within the nearest
frequency band of your privileges~
harmonic radiation, unwanted signals, multiples of the fundamental~
A.An auxiliary operator~
D.The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)~
D.All the frequency privileges of the higher license, but only the
emission privileges of your license~
A.`Symbol A`~
D.The ion zone~
A.A power supply~
C.An amateur station located more than `50 kilometers above the Earth's
surface`~
C.`CW`~
What `limits the amount of current` that flows through a circuit if the
voltage stays the same?~
A.The radio wave's voltage is 3,725 kilovolts~
What is usually a `good indoor grounding point` for an amateur station?~
earth ground, symbol D~
C.A center wire inside an insulating material which is covered by a metal
sleeve or shield~
What is one way to `shorten transmitter tune-up time` on the air to `cut
down on interference`?~
kilohertz, in a megahertz, 1000~
C.Talk louder~
A.Only when the foreign amateur uses English~
D.A resistor~
Where would you `connect a microphone` for `voice operation`?~
What is the basic unit of `electric current`?~
D.A high-pass filter~
You must always identify your communications with your call sign at least
once every ten minutes and once more at the end of communications.  If you
communicate `without giving your call sign`, this is called an
`unidentified communication`.~
D.Interference caused by turning the volume up too high~
Amateur radio is `never` to be used to `broadcast` messages, news, music,
shows, etc. `for the general public`.  It's for experimenting, helping
others in an emergency, learning, and having fun!~
C.Love and kisses~
D.It can be used near metal objects, and its impedance is higher than that
of most amateur antennas~
A `Yagi` antenna usually has one driven element, one reflector, and one or
more director elements.  The `driven element` is usually the size of a `1/2
wavelength` dipole, the reflector is a little longer, and every director is
a little shorter than the `driven element`.~
D.1240 - 1246 MHz~
D.It may cause interference to other stations operating on a higher
frequency band~
A.Director~
C.Data and phone~
D.An unlicensed control operator~
A.6000 cycles per second~
C.At least `every ten minutes` during and `at the end of a contact`~
In the UHF frequency bands, RF radiation from a transmitting antenna is
similar to microwave oven radiation.  If you set up a `UHF transmitting
antenna`, for best `safety` make sure `no one can get near it` when you're
on the air.  (Just mount it out of the reach of anyone on the ground.)~
D.At the beginning and end of each transmission~
C.Readability, signal speed, tempo~
transceiver, SWR meter, antenna tuner~
What does an `SWR reading` of `less than 1.5:1` mean?~
B.A short way to describe transmitter power~
D.You must use an impedance matching device with your transceiver, and it
does not work very well with a high SWR~
B.Only after giving proper notice to the FCC~
B.Under no circumstances~
3,725,000 cycles in one second, frequency is 3,725 kilohertz~
If your `mobile transceiver works in your car` but `not in your home`, what
should you check first?~
The number of times per second a radio wave cycles back and forth is
called its frequency.  So, if a radio wave makes `3,725,000 cycles in one
second`, this means its frequency is 3,725,000 hertz.  Since the prefix
"kilo" means 1,000 (a thousand), we divide 3,725,000 hertz by 1,000 and say
the `frequency is 3,725 kilohertz`.~
D.To increase the number of `trained` radio `operators` and electronics
`experts`, and `improve international goodwill`~
D.`Transmit` on `amateur service` frequencies~
C.A DTMF keypad, a monitor and a transceiver~
B.It is slightly less than the desired frequency~
D.A mixer~
You could use the `80-meter Novice band` of frequencies if you pass a
Morse code test and a written test covering the questions you're now
studying (you'd get a Novice license).  At night, `3675-3725 kHz` lets you
use Morse code to chat with hams anywhere in the world!~
C.Your first name and your location~
C.Retake all examination elements for your license~
B.Direct the calling station to the nearest emergency net frequency~
If you have light bulbs marked 60 watts, 75 watts and 100 watts, which one
will `use electrical energy the fastest`?~
B.40 meters~
If you put a `key-operated on/off switch` in the main power line to your
equipment and keep it locked "off" when you're gone, then people without a
license (`unauthorized persons`) can't use it when you're not around.~
A simple formula tells us how long a `half-wavelength` antenna should be:
The antenna length (in feet) equals 468/f (in MHz), where f is the
operating (resonant) frequency of the antenna.  So, a `half-wavelength`
dipole antenna for `3725 kHz` (or 3.725 MHz) would be 468/3.725, or about
`126 ft`.~
C.21100 - 21200 kHz~
If two stations are close together, they will probably hear each other's
`ground-wave` signals.  These kind of signals don't use the ionosphere to
go from one antenna to another, but instead they hug the `surface of the
Earth` (the ground).  That's why they're called `ground-wave` signals.~
D.A `short circuit`~
sky-wave propagation, ionosphere~
B.Only if the station begins transmitting on a frequency you are using~
Some day you might be talking to someone on the air and suddenly `hear an
emergency call` from another station.  Drop what you're doing and `take the
emergency call`.  You might save someone's life!~
Novice, 28.1 to 28.3 MHz, CW, RTTY and data~
An `amateur station` is any transmitter used in the `amateur radio
service`.  Any other kind of station is for another radio service.  Just
match up the word amateur in the question and the answer.~
D.Symbol D~
Someday you may be able to operate a amateur `space station` yourself by
taking a trip `50 kilometers above the Earth's surface`.  However, unless
you become an astronaut, you'll have to wait for a while for that to
happen.~
A."`Any station transmit`"~
C.28.0 - 29.3 MHz~
C.E-region propagation~
Key clicks are caused by a CW transmitter's on/off keying circuit starting
and stopping the transmitted signal too quickly.  A `key-click filter` will
`prevent key clicks` by keeping the transmitter from suddenly coming on and
suddenly going off when it is keyed.~
Any time you put up a `horizontal wire antenna` you'll want to make sure
that `no one can touch any part of it` from the ground.  This prevents
anyone from getting an RF burn or an electric shock when you're
transmitting.~
DX, distant station~
A.A traditional greeting in May~
If a dial marked in kilohertz shows a reading of `3725 kHz`, what would it
show if it were `marked in hertz`?~
C.An antenna tuner~
D.`Harmonic radiation` from your transmitter~
If you have a hand held transceiver which puts out `500 milliwatts`, how
many `watts` would this be?~
C.Parallel conductor~
D.A modem~
C.Non-commercial FM broadcast transmissions~
Novice, 200 watts PEP output power, 80, 40, 15, and 10 meters~
antenna, symbol C~
D.`Disconnect all equipment` from the power lines and antenna cables~
A.15 meters~
What do many amateurs use to help form `good Morse code characters`?~
A.A terminating resistor~
antenna feed line, buried in the ground, coaxial cable~
An NPN or a `PNP transistor` is a tiny piece of silicon made in a special
way which lets it `amplify a small signal` using `low voltages`.  A small
current through its base terminal controls a larger current through its
emitter and collector terminals.~
If you like to experiment, the `Novice` `23-centimeter band` is for you!
`All amateur emission privileges` for the band may be used by a `Novice`,
including CW (Morse code), data (packet), RTTY (radioteletype), image
(television and FAX), phone (voice), and even the latest new mode, SS
(spread spectrum).~
What is the name for `packet-radio` emissions?~
What does "`network`" mean in packet radio?~
B.Symbol B~
B.Say the other station's call sign at least five times phonetically,
followed by "this is," then your call sign at least once~
C.The antenna is too short for operation on the band~
A `high-voltage power supply` has deadly high voltages inside its cabinet.
A `switch` is put into the inside of the cabinet to turn off the power
supply in case the cabinet is opened.  This is `to keep anyone` opening the
cabinet `from getting shocked` if the power supply is plugged in.~
3.525 MHz, marked in kilohertz, 3525 kHz~
B.Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office
for assistance~
D.It may cause interference to other stations operating on a higher
frequency band~
C.It is weatherproof, and its impedance is higher than that of most
amateur antennas~
D.A modem, a monitor and a DTMF keypad~
B.By on/off keying an RF signal~
B.Receiver VR tube discharge~
B.In a life or property threatening `emergency`~
antenna feed line, near grounded metal objects, coaxial cable~
D.Send the letters "CQ" over and over~
D.Report the incident to the foreign amateur's government~
When two hams make a contact, one or both of them may want a `proof of
communication`.  There are many awards in ham radio for contacting hams in
other countries, all 50 of the United States, etc.  To claim an award, a
ham must submit a `QSL card` for each contact as `proof of communication`.
A `QSL card` is also given for friendship, as a greeting, or just because.~
document, at your station, written authorization~
If you've ever put batteries in a flashlight or a radio, you'll remember
that they had to go in a certain way.  That's because a `battery` has a
`positive and a negative side`.~
A.Qualifying examination systems~
B.A reflective vest of approved color~
B.`7.125 MHz`~
If you made a `half-wavelength` dipole antenna for `3725 kHz`, how long
would it be (to the nearest foot)?~
B.40 meters~
B.Say "CQ" at least five times, followed by "this is," followed by your
call sign spoken once~
B.Only a citizen of the United States~
C.Turn the radio off when you are not using it~
A.To a power supply~
amateur service, personal radio service~
If you move and your `mailing address changes`, you must tell the `FCC` so
they will know where your new station will be.  Just `fill out a Form 610`,
checking the boxes for CHANGE MAILING ADDRESS and CHANGE STATION LOCATION,
and send it with a copy of your old license to the `FCC` in `Gettysburg`,
PA.~
How many microfarads is `1,000,000 picofarads`?~
number of times per second, alternating current, frequency~
A repeater's `time out` timer stops its signals from going on all day if
there is a non-stop signal on its input frequency, and it `limits the
amount of time` a repeater may be used.  If someone transmits longer than
the timer allows, the repeater will "`time out`" and stop transmitting.~
C.A device that allows `repeater` users to `make telephone calls` from
their stations~
In an `emergency` which threatens a human life or may destroy property,
you may `transmit an "SOS" or "MAYDAY"` on any frequency to get help.
("SOS" is for Morse code and "MAYDAY" is for voice.)  The word "SOS" or
"MAYDAY" may only be used in an `emergency`.~
variable resistor or potentiometer, symbol B~
length (in feet), half-wavelength, 468/f (in MHz)~
If a dial marked in megahertz shows a reading of `3.525 MHz`, what would it
show if it were `marked in kilohertz`?~
The easiest way to keep people without a license (`unauthorized persons`)
from using your mobile equipment is to `disconnect the microphone` when
you're not around.  Most mobile equipment will not transmit unless the
microphone is plugged in and its "push to talk" switch is pressed.~
C.Connect a high-pass filter to the transmitter output and a low-pass
filter to the antenna-input terminals of the television~
D.Between the coaxial cable and the ground~
D.15~
A."Call on the quarter hour"~
A.About `12 volts`~
A.112 inches~
You are the station licensee only of your own station.  If you `transmit
from another amateur's station`, then you are the control operator but the
station licensee is the other amateur.  `Both of you` would be
`responsible` for the proper operation of the station.~
Which component conducts electricity from a `negative emitter to a positive
collector` when its base voltage is made positive?~
If an `SWR` reading at the `low frequency` end of an amateur band is `5:1`,
and `2.5:1` at the `high frequency` end of the same band, what does this
tell you about your 1/2-wavelength dipole antenna?~
C.An antenna gain of 4~
What `formula` shows how `voltage, current` and `resistance` relate to each
other in an electric circuit?~
A.`Disconnect the microphone` when you are not using it~
FM, over deviating, talk farther away~
What happens to a signal's `frequency` as its `wavelength gets longer`?~
B.81 ft~
When may `false or deceptive amateur signals` or communications be
transmitted?~
What might you `connect` between your `transceiver` and an `antenna switch`
connected to several types of antennas?~
A.It is slightly more than the desired frequency~
A.A copy of your `written authorization` for an amateur station~
C.Any `licensed amateur` operator who is `responsible` for the station's
transmissions~
C.A `fairly good impedance match`~
B.Never~
D.A slow change in transmitter frequency as the circuit warms up~
A.The antenna is broadbanded~
If you operated an amateur station more than 50 kilometers above the
Earth's surface, you'd be using a `space station`.  You could do this with
any class of ham license because `any licensed amateur operator` is allowed
to control a `space station`.~
What is one way to tell if radio-frequency `interference` to a receiver is
caused by `front-end overload`?~
B.A ground wire~
D.It may cause auroras in the air~
A.Make sure the antenna will be in a place where `no one can get near it`
when you are transmitting~
voice, phone~
D.Symbol D~
too much current, short circuit~
B.An `antenna switch`~
C.A fuse~
A.The volt~
To make the best ground connection possible, a `ground rod` which is
driven `into the earth` must be a good conductor, and it must be deep
enough to reach moist soil.  Usually a rod no less than `8 feet` long is
enough to do the job.~
The 40-meter `Novice` band is `7100 to 7150 kHz` in the US (ITU Region 2).
With a `Novice` license and its `CW only` (Morse code) privileges, you
could chat with someone hundreds of miles away during the day on this band,
and sometimes all around the world at night!~
C.Use more feed line~
"N1A01       ","A",0,24440,107981,103379,142825,129990,25316,165262
"N1A02       ","B",0,65913,179707,54936,61195,190348,177694,136294
"N1A03       ","A",0,8342,22105,30365,60334,42226,102499,96978
"N1A04       ","D",0,35606,199975,161407,66401,92500,55767,115968
"N1A05       ","A",0,79782,10488,166893,35478,185689,81999,42465
"N1A06       ","D",0,150867,140101,15747,181799,193809,157628,17065
"N1A07       ","B",0,74413,18977,136323,84838,87689,142626,95226
"N1A08       ","C",0,50035,152214,159440,41260,103627,200431,108899
"N1A09       ","D",0,98427,65005,119257,68211,46094,135399,195808
"N1A10       ","C",0,97349,39280,161849,203911,73261,112909,114346
"N1A11       ","C",0,108257,138780,47203,44573,70685,125680,56391
"N1B01       ","D",0,176880,45542,136042,91658,194070,37815,115649
"N1B02       ","B",0,138408,180153,61483,197770,104455,188582,136630
"N1B03       ","C",0,90198,162464,42847,67976,64051,185370,63489
"N1B04       ","B",0,53428,118517,19509,66042,50022,178677,105913
"N1B05       ","C",0,113129,164760,69723,36473,135580,189385,72476
"N1B06       ","A",0,113662,203658,7720,141156,57903,199884,120912
"N1B07       ","C",0,63520,103873,82076,44326,11751,124345,111060
"N1B08       ","D",0,160620,68050,11267,122652,35479,101925,187290
"N1B09       ","A",0,141930,48546,124921,138592,127401,107179,84286
"N1B10       ","B",0,169258,69121,18158,77368,99021,79682,36558
"N1B11       ","D",0,108457,90103,134306,48042,25731,184537,19286
"N1C01       ","B",0,71798,162045,52651,149147,48168,114037,194085
"N1C02       ","C",0,186023,68271,179140,151450,104188,85754,106705
"N1C03       ","A",0,65229,67171,73246,25894,86122,130434,89155
"N1C04       ","C",0,135365,88331,82821,24826,180897,184745,12651
"N1C05       ","B",0,14270,157354,92639,101885,37875,143505,185978
"N1C06       ","C",0,120205,87008,52338,88104,192831,132750,70989
"N1C07       ","A",0,10344,162475,195567,91620,90408,135489,70662
"N1C08       ","B",0,141247,88824,161479,72877,168888,178900,175653
"N1C09       ","C",0,58682,174508,201235,34994,96632,90888,142012
"N1C10       ","D",0,12366,90206,90684,62102,18568,99299,158956
"N1C11       ","D",0,14030,197903,78678,73438,182763,121791,16249
"N1D01       ","A",0,83251,35198,201457,64026,51091,133741,154429
"N1D02       ","D",0,176316,106661,188246,56683,164185,23866,130527
"N1D03       ","C",0,91388,91353,35256,23765,109569,188287,18485
"N1D04       ","B",0,57471,9950,110599,94304,135278,102982,153686
"N1D05       ","D",0,89324,147875,189653,196175,23946,25718,93802
"N1D06       ","B",0,91084,177534,73290,74070,48083,117790,200579
"N1D07       ","C",0,133524,71040,75068,45720,111546,187377,62629
"N1D08       ","B",0,59196,43667,121308,130965,81103,141588,58187
"N1D09       ","D",0,131270,162807,36284,48893,93529,134861,37096
"N1D10       ","C",0,111624,10135,158201,14659,203104,80923,117620
"N1D11       ","A",0,126157,128481,33649,16571,95407,11071,22707
"N1E01       ","A",0,173347,12885,146518,75845,66169,8417,58653
"N1E02       ","A",0,72534,15261,180160,112390,108026,132392,40044
"N1E03       ","A",0,106688,97736,12430,166897,67415,117143,156240
"N1E04       ","D",0,91387,75048,184746,41207,17156,88859,88916
"N1E05       ","D",0,49329,44259,74554,124768,72516,87350,204797
"N1E06       ","D",0,182885,128299,36131,173948,80925,155591,98871
"N1E07       ","C",0,143146,87419,34163,170446,112376,196322,181199
"N1E08       ","C",0,38532,108801,41642,176505,163323,51051,31836
"N1E09       ","D",0,140793,65379,36973,194981,29995,168030,11267
"N1E10       ","D",0,106884,38802,109158,52966,163706,49257,198051
"N1E11       ","D",0,69670,67019,62480,197825,130759,94548,110608
"N1E12       ","C",0,180148,87642,40692,176573,23316,159422,70352
"N1E13       ","B",0,38376,89954,133038,131479,69012,114097,29812
"N1E14       ","B",0,38827,54542,55928,199148,40192,134967,152081
"N1F01       ","D",0,44200,123678,37920,129290,161868,151430,170980
"N1F02       ","C",0,92657,35423,31668,171244,99322,28765,102909
"N1F03       ","C",0,10239,31833,104671,40934,181044,10242,81917
"N1F04       ","C",0,25698,37857,168429,68049,107678,125083,175460
"N1F05       ","C",0,171164,108571,158890,119894,54674,54405,57589
"N1F06       ","C",0,176499,170851,65532,41060,39070,29160,119649
"N1F07       ","B",0,11971,134249,41451,65658,127538,123616,132426
"N1F08       ","A",0,29417,141723,9699,114664,105174,39315,39701
"N1F09       ","A",0,168191,151824,108594,125596,39182,197996,21961
"N1F10       ","C",0,122056,73371,162382,69474,21672,36529,70080
"N1F11       ","D",0,157842,115427,181114,181912,19175,81892,11082
"N1G01       ","D",0,81274,191472,160697,10330,132868,65094,85374
"N1G02       ","C",0,143648,162238,57872,142104,150454,125588,13158
"N1G03       ","A",0,15177,57097,162988,95866,167829,185012,202567
"N1G04       ","D",0,18282,70078,41488,158339,186731,48023,156541
"N1G05       ","C",0,30150,181154,124856,70172,135446,137836,125627
"N1G06       ","B",0,48783,67630,138151,114490,102032,178963,136041
"N1G07       ","A",0,122010,60821,159268,35710,192096,89753,105497
"N1G08       ","B",0,19335,54624,151606,15795,77302,119647,172898
"N1G09       ","C",0,134413,62244,107140,39592,163844,26963,48089
"N1G10       ","A",0,74832,114399,163881,162556,44110,129879,110155
"N1G11       ","B",0,16820,107125,133570,128515,30301,105827,44604
"N1H01       ","D",0,78928,127859,196081,164747,158460,40629,139260
"N1H02       ","C",0,177451,72526,35696,80992,10112,163282,93080
"N1H03       ","A",0,87852,57302,16876,11428,190239,113707,141783
"N1H04       ","A",0,133382,13562,46162,72807,10206,178826,145399
"N1H05       ","B",0,187619,165537,144255,56824,124663,96133,101689
"N1H06       ","C",0,69861,127825,10463,196745,194730,30426,26497
"N1H07       ","B",0,31700,18172,162429,198636,21140,25424,140187
"N1H08       ","A",0,47962,38334,70771,129650,79771,152284,176715
"N1H09       ","C",0,22381,191559,31249,165430,35890,94022,189013
"N1H10       ","B",0,31373,89147,38425,182848,52727,25597,172361
"N1H11       ","B",0,183229,19006,40977,19563,66496,185141,62151
"N1I01       ","A",0,155610,131735,74867,66597,23598,57856,50483
"N1I02       ","D",0,89039,192674,127646,138526,42606,19344,116696
"N1I03       ","C",0,173254,23157,34306,195271,68994,160202,196448
"N1I04       ","B",0,14553,130600,36417,164111,78709,10028,204156
"N1I05       ","D",0,21195,132170,196683,53098,160162,52571,20757
"N1I06       ","A",0,52719,41289,36210,97280,58337,119389,192092
"N1I07       ","A",0,148037,82974,136235,168479,133563,140359,91962
"N1I08       ","C",0,52823,65486,42661,14010,29069,40947,52349
"N1I09       ","B",0,80596,21136,70579,103915,194625,60919,96770
"N1I10       ","A",0,20644,9685,182341,53783,201556,96271,165399
"N1I11       ","D",0,127235,12306,207315,55494,69756,66011,138406
"N1J01       ","B",0,184059,15393,190735,190872,68989,138870,181174
"N1J02       ","B",0,29417,91302,55013,158985,138400,184371,34546
"N1J03       ","C",0,132759,169314,199294,112243,184517,74925,139864
"N1J04       ","A",0,204288,90142,61099,173505,68409,18256,118830
"N1J05       ","C",0,103427,198606,167524,95008,146731,147407,148817
"N1J06       ","C",0,125466,91597,47202,181355,30694,106203,37830
"N1J07       ","A",0,25477,40180,24964,118291,126907,119379,156261
"N1J08       ","D",0,119127,132576,194151,102307,180706,101719,51352
"N1J09       ","D",0,108928,120740,24102,52498,10013,94340,191857
"N1J10       ","C",0,130662,24044,116032,13596,109051,121736,201748
"N1J11       ","B",0,163247,164579,203246,77531,62173,120155,162251
"N2A01       ","A",0,162698,33408,105366,60063,163934,151269,44326
"N2A02       ","D",0,63357,164371,85407,44493,30781,39835,169778
"N2A03       ","C",0,192226,149171,35243,137076,123704,69418,181832
"N2A04       ","D",0,128335,17476,198633,116025,135434,80954,196099
"N2A05       ","B",0,68656,68142,118494,163741,81429,40363,154463
"N2A06       ","B",0,140517,181635,121284,147024,148346,42245,75815
"N2A07       ","C",0,92445,112330,136747,194558,115883,127448,92332
"N2A08       ","D",0,10603,204185,20285,183832,174940,58447,185372
"N2A09       ","A",0,65946,82727,41251,111021,68858,35264,64450
"N2A10       ","A",0,94905,198286,77351,155175,94508,29578,186928
"N2A11       ","B",0,26047,118783,127179,190409,50881,198258,157853
"N2A12       ","B",0,59674,53704,76970,198135,110934,173757,50362
"N2A13       ","C",0,170009,149214,197583,140874,31532,44627,188271
"N2A14       ","D",0,56459,187319,171325,199251,137068,36729,149241
"N2A15       ","B",0,133694,115903,165972,196446,57894,134104,103825
"N2A16       ","D",0,78594,26363,139718,100622,189954,70137,20359
"N2A17       ","C",0,75683,141339,191643,53678,147448,71579,199961
"N2A18       ","C",0,58135,133332,204949,166363,143512,161393,133476
"N2A19       ","D",0,33711,18513,203054,173547,186035,162163,171590
"N2A20       ","A",0,33622,180002,57048,197826,150597,55820,41656
"N2B01       ","B",0,40364,36751,60698,183428,202275,185583,127199
"N2B02       ","B",0,36172,86878,71542,114241,178814,184811,89039
"N2B03       ","C",0,32416,19048,136705,125488,80347,163226,33024
"N2B04       ","D",0,9682,68155,135289,165574,52073,13305,40842
"N2B05       ","A",0,97392,186642,144756,58482,49895,169632,18628
"N2B06       ","B",0,199666,79022,53606,78373,75840,141283,66081
"N2B07       ","A",0,100480,158779,129778,36068,119110,70701,27217
"N2B08       ","B",0,75633,26616,92948,89165,23128,88879,152858
"N2B09       ","C",0,70174,83119,20092,101202,41851,157270,151676
"N2B10       ","A",0,141965,189349,65468,73916,54565,72035,17113
"N2B11       ","D",0,69716,82331,46721,25164,26780,76019,149941
"N2B12       ","A",0,181030,45819,144595,17005,74489,84520,36899
"N2B13       ","C",0,169790,29319,53483,208499,32203,79448,58416
"N2B14       ","D",0,17397,90451,60714,89007,62191,15556,201540
"N2B15       ","B",0,126067,22466,123583,24430,64866,164533,129004
"N3A01       ","A",0,55045,105098,134119,169764,100602,13882,84352
"N3A02       ","C",0,89811,117216,88376,31803,110275,166653,10508
"N3A03       ","B",0,175691,17837,71334,48107,68622,177491,23925
"N3A04       ","C",0,81317,76623,42761,153106,101983,67933,185282
"N3A05       ","D",0,170800,33313,91036,204013,146201,114934,195853
"N3A06       ","B",0,184461,110888,85820,88448,107073,99827,84111
"N3A07       ","A",0,161975,51091,79856,59028,156355,41117,113140
"N3A08       ","C",0,19250,66950,164878,150404,91432,197271,83895
"N3A09       ","C",0,109625,110102,14888,146630,39087,67134,153622
"N3A10       ","A",0,66082,191221,28884,170204,194103,16152,156072
"N3A11       ","A",0,55466,80194,26071,165024,182208,93338,12965
"N3A12       ","C",0,63337,70681,73994,41960,135671,160201,8326
"N4A01       ","B",0,137958,11947,49559,72601,120224,109276,130341
"N4A02       ","A",0,74925,205688,177830,208487,116357,83071,202480
"N4A03       ","A",0,41852,116049,95629,29590,64261,66159,195355
"N4A04       ","D",0,174081,168896,185902,86685,70538,73575,75225
"N4A05       ","C",0,63434,151353,143166,84787,138178,191976,105380
"N4A06       ","D",0,92401,182637,136985,113488,201083,131795,129890
"N4A07       ","B",0,98683,116279,184290,131507,166174,145224,143031
"N4A08       ","A",0,192605,37213,193269,38878,41569,36857,43568
"N4A09       ","C",0,173595,56645,141213,59115,87683,184878,155879
"N4A10       ","B",0,188979,128753,178737,40950,24840,34861,49905
"N4A11       ","C",0,143098,13004,190388,85005,80759,78272,205168
"N4B01       ","B",0,140351,89310,40081,171419,86873,139624,62088
"N4B02       ","A",0,69792,207029,79152,89089,46974,118896,193340
"N4B03       ","C",0,59503,112320,56023,29431,40385,117915,24751
"N4B04       ","A",0,52495,131139,91967,116710,89325,108960,154085
"N4B05       ","B",0,145221,118438,32849,158091,118664,17776,98919
"N4B06       ","D",0,110611,62029,160744,122787,161786,128077,11005
"N4B07       ","D",0,145017,143109,45744,24759,69763,88740,199277
"N4B08       ","D",0,115503,127824,206545,107500,170134,79504,176885
"N4B09       ","D",0,100951,75305,83230,146635,75803,50213,28616
"N4B10       ","A",0,74965,15503,152377,192465,188627,176099,197455
"N4B11       ","C",0,34719,28262,93582,122869,30091,62460,12364
"N4C01       ","C",0,177438,44508,69153,166357,94738,114780,61602
"N4C02       ","D",0,170041,97093,78987,124374,107141,128123,178042
"N4C03       ","A",0,56387,18552,58422,56297,146688,45389,23760
"N4C04       ","B",0,127677,130127,25787,157029,166424,82032,14990
"N4C05       ","C",0,194948,159952,114164,213028,39300,134938,28280
"N4C06       ","D",0,120616,185758,44999,212354,102177,163365,88205
"N4C07       ","A",0,175024,45016,193628,117792,90704,19119,138087
"N4C08       ","A",0,124663,49008,94090,49201,64461,94784,116002
"N4C09       ","B",0,105041,206885,78309,208027,127289,92402,95061
"N4C10       ","C",0,204714,85167,17718,143751,34915,185652,163771
"N4C11       ","A",0,114963,92497,124989,44748,81196,65102,105297
"N4D01       ","C",0,97616,42993,109549,110299,195993,179962,75896
"N4D02       ","B",0,206075,92698,158472,36328,182483,16645,121490
"N4D03       ","C",0,139845,138659,206286,176247,58117,11287,172438
"N4D04       ","D",0,160475,53828,170716,72064,201480,92321,179678
"N4D05       ","B",0,80751,51940,170875,104044,89918,50737,186296
"N4D06       ","B",0,145590,63142,98305,174626,29723,107411,132355
"N4D07       ","A",0,115892,121058,151717,48878,112117,192618,164120
"N4D08       ","A",0,125175,174704,141725,25561,208669,27511,42485
"N4D09       ","A",0,99723,90166,36946,26979,53534,134297,63870
"N4D10       ","C",0,89047,162702,113579,83939,78837,59345,23249
"N4D11       ","A",0,103767,148729,206240,212317,59858,170275,160948
"N5A01       ","B",0,88507,162425,207547,138196,95432,50878,145560
"N5A02       ","C",0,203812,57078,62588,177151,30736,201146,164692
"N5A03       ","D",0,199104,11424,170307,171904,194727,69014,16018
"N5A04       ","B",0,75143,12587,94142,103177,68495,23478,141691
"N5A05       ","C",0,14095,111722,80346,46027,52466,148279,30078
"N5A06       ","B",0,176092,161224,72586,86319,89449,160208,92245
"N5A07       ","B",0,81922,163810,197652,65884,61882,56956,77027
"N5A08       ","B",0,203020,140588,68806,129700,13939,95981,147286
"N5A09       ","C",0,106047,71270,160228,80878,65078,166181,59230
"N5A10       ","C",0,9544,108577,127729,189550,66475,193616,184889
"N5A11       ","B",0,199373,11112,136479,139121,94970,48334,75772
"N5B01       ","D",0,127048,24677,74583,111491,134372,98188,112750
"N5B02       ","C",0,193612,207977,24689,137498,41811,160709,95521
"N5B03       ","B",0,46520,38024,183057,172641,127812,80174,165650
"N5B04       ","A",0,36312,13112,55024,124321,180510,50955,144610
"N5B05       ","A",0,101469,205899,84025,179089,137064,83863,19752
"N5B06       ","C",0,144553,23852,82823,112467,27227,138250,68181
"N5B07       ","C",0,40728,131023,185768,84227,68789,70642,83283
"N5B08       ","A",0,100906,36770,154410,143304,81580,57681,41667
"N5B09       ","B",0,67210,49500,180638,48586,121888,156854,9633
"N5B10       ","D",0,193085,137324,88243,92935,192734,105053,106585
"N5B11       ","D",0,138021,158421,187855,76145,163739,44040,153633
"N5C01       ","A",0,205328,189947,40400,119569,118146,89210,60200
"N5C02       ","C",0,111657,145219,37871,83600,31042,166157,53756
"N5C03       ","B",0,188728,39280,174545,70368,29974,113274,171313
"N5C04       ","A",0,184974,72453,117301,68661,110289,25557,83567
"N5C05       ","C",0,57000,65128,82908,129128,62285,109840,60949
"N5C06       ","C",0,196952,64945,143939,195042,131210,37579,79933
"N5C07       ","B",0,39678,113292,97250,107704,182352,66009,21831
"N5C08       ","C",0,45500,115204,30177,147471,89155,112864,178518
"N5C09       ","D",0,110669,135752,118018,61613,200771,207044,180101
"N5C10       ","B",0,119209,52307,27834,44960,82834,161794,109485
"N5C11       ","A",0,80758,149468,22370,21538,145420,63436,175386
"N5D01       ","D",0,117933,90839,53999,126793,69963,203593,43027
"N5D02       ","A",0,90444,43225,91913,103102,130303,119747,48489
"N5D03       ","B",0,135019,160961,73371,62431,165755,130157,110641
"N5D04       ","B",0,41029,31011,140927,174818,19096,109886,55785
"N5D05       ","C",0,169215,32571,187545,101877,106085,84310,190476
"N5D06       ","B",0,146875,42286,97299,133772,138750,181364,24787
"N5D07       ","C",0,150836,194851,194250,150726,104768,196111,194576
"N5D08       ","C",0,21734,139115,81373,88385,195565,159581,86814
"N5D09       ","A",0,132050,33997,80852,178821,44744,127527,74478
"N5D10       ","A",0,205755,181004,107953,66156,176944,126116,184674
"N5D11       ","B",0,145666,196582,113403,19698,66655,136670,103016
"N6A01       ","B",0,53008,124082,132243,101919,133023,64058,47656
"N6A02       ","D",0,98295,95061,98906,77727,135602,19794,85914
"N6A03       ","A",0,57868,30162,116747,20872,33968,17510,200993
"N6A04       ","B",0,133674,105096,135645,217095,196930,54565,150229
"N6A05       ","B",1,84868,47985,196154,104942,147011,204482,168853
"N6A06       ","C",1,188492,131347,144315,139012,110782,148792,170771
"N6A07       ","A",1,154186,136013,45564,101976,201812,101075,121261
"N6A08       ","D",1,144872,21933,171855,169939,164099,170434,180434
"N6A09       ","A",2,130002,154331,131193,105246,90544,115062,37079
"N6A10       ","D",2,150547,69747,207703,143741,88759,18990,105098
"N6A11       ","C",2,113027,187817,185339,47611,130775,143272,46158
"N6A12       ","B",2,184894,34784,94980,161107,48962,27733,166972
"N6B01       ","A",0,110073,176628,166821,161060,29027,63461,198828
"N6B02       ","B",0,205354,50741,143199,136813,58139,130037,128787
"N6B03       ","A",0,11015,111027,152552,129577,168493,151189,18942
"N6B04       ","D",3,22945,92009,95247,32275,128765,193998,97271
"N6B05       ","A",3,76613,189548,134178,167329,163297,27766,70548
"N6B06       ","C",3,159456,143638,170300,174835,101153,200448,75095
"N6B07       ","D",4,95248,95095,116966,120633,13634,187301,46728
"N6B08       ","A",4,156741,195016,107831,76805,210364,108190,80423
"N6B09       ","B",4,164156,175025,195610,202207,146143,99127,87223
"N6B10       ","A",0,81355,100818,42584,84149,184363,34647,47328
"N6B11       ","C",0,139993,130817,121254,170951,14071,82718,174739
"N7A01       ","B",0,28684,65798,214297,191385,197517,17007,181701
"N7A02       ","C",0,150347,73605,169496,109405,157045,161439,102291
"N7A03       ","D",0,34832,91331,214152,106026,97358,164687,148088
"N7A04       ","B",0,206230,15055,21792,79853,200265,147451,120396
"N7A05       ","D",0,82994,195184,178310,30936,151583,120594,129215
"N7A06       ","D",0,96522,148833,147701,57242,50092,22811,77053
"N7A07       ","A",0,196305,101884,90337,50514,92616,112412,122825
"N7A08       ","A",0,72056,40161,167003,168977,34957,114630,116134
"N7A09       ","B",5,189190,68931,168276,47141,128714,62783,101976
"N7A10       ","A",6,33708,32388,125081,211231,203586,95994,151699
"N7A11       ","B",7,128874,108414,100422,131040,38013,196234,22439
"N7A12       ","C",0,74835,165302,138204,41989,149469,80834,8248
"N7A13       ","C",0,138288,173832,130447,137960,53492,148341,123749
"N7B01       ","B",0,91232,162468,118568,153077,92393,46746,82211
"N7B02       ","C",0,118663,161316,158545,25240,127668,166049,70875
"N7B03       ","B",0,200519,120292,76399,133433,40024,139416,125204
"N7B04       ","C",0,194329,205204,160207,148381,63797,135238,115402
"N7B05       ","D",0,83616,93169,113814,45740,67126,164616,181439
"N7B06       ","A",0,162185,18844,71335,192353,205643,74894,167793
"N7B07       ","C",0,120964,87002,48912,172476,167757,134468,97106
"N7B08       ","A",0,71878,77870,133333,92593,196790,87950,34935
"N7B09       ","C",0,63608,155625,64003,72042,110143,158026,118480
"N7B10       ","D",0,58893,39890,48761,160149,193770,57667,34498
"N7B11       ","B",0,81729,194239,53138,208859,129008,90551,56854
"N8A01       ","B",0,84771,101660,121184,172065,161260,127727,151088
"N8A02       ","A",0,41391,72066,209989,152526,179245,136156,176061
"N8A03       ","C",0,150767,129869,77337,205759,167560,18506,168561
"N8A04       ","A",0,12705,58303,116039,129041,126710,162950,191034
"N8A05       ","B",0,201388,90397,19952,24131,111853,157073,145270
"N8A06       ","D",0,164090,166178,147661,130334,88027,207808,60403
"N8A07       ","D",0,130741,141009,119977,173413,20820,183340,197791
"N8A08       ","C",0,84531,67132,190941,117039,210534,25811,46123
"N8A09       ","D",0,69620,131607,163603,104944,83255,174202,99136
"N8A10       ","D",0,42648,124060,26716,166105,154429,91578,160974
"N8A11       ","A",0,168966,97485,168232,57340,101763,120459,113560
"N8B01       ","C",0,178432,208537,205234,128960,140237,174298,100767
"N8B02       ","A",0,86373,53823,159631,89945,15170,126808,190388
"N8B03       ","C",0,148873,187953,59332,205607,160759,58240,69727
"N8B04       ","D",0,59581,72865,132564,45049,114244,158451,183203
"N8B05       ","D",0,137477,88012,198315,163640,101087,180561,14704
"N8B06       ","A",0,33585,167666,64888,182572,39253,177876,126409
"N8B07       ","B",0,180463,58817,159455,80597,205998,93569,26914
"N8B08       ","B",0,146178,131593,189513,27698,165066,130592,165728
"N8B09       ","B",0,83655,72032,158259,150225,137282,151052,32650
"N8B10       ","B",0,132173,142205,145279,67424,199475,68329,26323
"N8B11       ","D",0,186095,20211,146613,144789,165517,206801,78480
"N9A01       ","D",0,151564,31224,150510,126737,153851,205309,34834
"N9A02       ","B",0,137417,67670,93103,171116,104747,83920,153033
"N9A03       ","A",0,203524,39830,214926,137091,159835,178820,196362
"N9A04       ","C",0,11926,16437,60203,122727,111065,17322,96368
"N9A05       ","D",0,48771,122038,85492,175793,31257,129456,91811
"N9A06       ","B",0,117392,131025,146992,190180,41849,191406,31464
"N9A07       ","C",0,100875,207688,172432,70693,135976,82926,28608
"N9A08       ","A",0,150704,101145,138807,179080,39263,132101,125167
"N9A09       ","B",0,159219,66443,194585,120355,47914,188128,79443
"N9A10       ","A",0,160416,130102,115818,169101,140810,148816,50965
"N9A11       ","B",0,95719,136815,143405,221507,52102,136464,16185
"N9B01       ","B",0,176404,128226,95188,165238,99747,83791,123424
"N9B02       ","C",0,139541,81551,62182,49670,186709,106841,193579
"N9B03       ","D",8,124077,146253,171282,160014,55999,185183,169912
"N9B04       ","A",8,170644,79586,130792,83635,139209,130216,121182
"N9B05       ","B",8,31300,197960,95375,94165,50062,101205,113034
"N9B06       ","B",8,132464,30926,55436,50936,111461,89435,170332
"N9B07       ","B",0,111264,147348,112307,153944,160098,139024,124881
"N9B08       ","C",0,148095,37686,196802,98351,23029,100708,147496
"N9B09       ","C",0,183895,137664,165624,47972,100003,93928,103667
"N9B10       ","A",0,167722,193328,173208,188583,155596,152934,85529
"N9B11       ","B",0,11079,183617,180446,60527,86054,162556,121888
"N9C01       ","D",0,165699,85158,123202,145860,107657,63548,151689
"N9C02       ","B",0,176476,118998,113435,216248,199651,114982,136246
"N9C03       ","B",0,137159,54192,170714,214514,133935,201563,189620
"N9C04       ","A",0,87857,73937,61585,61156,118388,203256,94790
"N9C05       ","B",0,74161,40416,159721,208360,158764,103240,101302
"N9C06       ","D",0,146791,65520,59056,148601,114331,114963,101714
"N9C07       ","A",0,12955,61862,151150,74417,200939,179059,171528
"N9C08       ","B",0,81422,187522,111191,145452,73203,67410,55571
"N9C09       ","C",0,164649,203343,43113,84204,42449,137410,53999
"N9C10       ","D",0,158805,154159,95646,130377,182016,86886,174797
"N9C11       ","A",0,151470,47299,43491,94307,210120,71861,54588