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1995-11-17
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Magic Assembler v1.06 - Documentation
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Changes since version 1.051:
- LEA command added
- binary and decimal number recognation added
- example programs added
- remark bug fixed
- standard numbers added
- comma acception in DB and DW functions added
- EQU command improved
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Magic Assembler is a public domain assembly language compiler, which can
produce as well as COM files as boot sector programs. Compiling to COM files
can be done using the following command line:
┌────────────────┐
│ ASM MYPROG.ASM │
└────────────────┘
To put the program in the boot sector of a disk which is in drive A, the use
this command line:
┌────────────────────┐
│ ASM MYPROG.ASM B:A │
└────────────────────┘
Note that if you want to make a boot program, you should include a code like
this:
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ mov ax,07c0 │
│ mov ds,ax │
│ mov es,ax │
│ mov ss,ax │
└─────────────────────────┘
This is because DOS isn't loaded, so DOS cannot do the correct memory settings
before running the program. All bootsector programs are loaded at 07c0:0000, so
that's why this code should be included.
If you want to compile a program and print the source with the right adresses,
use the 'P' parameter:
┌──────────────────┐
│ ASM MYPROG.ASM P │
└──────────────────┘
This can also be done with a boot sector program, then the command line could
be for example this:
┌─────────────────────┐
│ ASM MYPROG.ASM B:AP │
└─────────────────────┘
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
The commands included with this assembler are the standard assembly commands,
but there are some exeptions. There are three different JMP commands, and two
different CALL commands. Below the difference are discussed:
JMPS jumps 128 bytes back to 127 bytes further, and uses 2 bytes of code.
JMP jumps 32768 bytes back to 32767 bytes further, and uses 3 bytes of
code.
JMPF jumps to every possible place in the low memory, and uses 5 bytes of
code.
CALL see JMP, but with this the RET function can be used.
CALLF see JMPF, but with this the RET function can be used.
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Variables can be declared with the following functions:
DB byte(s) declares a byte, but can also be used to declare
multiple bytes.
DW word(s) declares a word, but can also be used to declare
mutiple words.
DS x bytes declares a free array of x bytes.
DBE filename.ext this function puts a file in the compiled version,
supposing that the file is build of bytes.
DWE filename.ext this function puts a file in the compiled version,
supposing that the file is build of words.
With DB and DW you can also put a ? instead of a value.
If you want to declare data, for which only space in memory must be reserved,
but no space on disk, you should put them on the end of the source. Before you
declare that data you must put an empty line before them, containing only a '-'
at the first place. See the example programs for details.
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
You do not need to tell the assembler that a procedure is a procedure, so you
can declare a procedure like this:
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ cls mov ax,0003 │
│ int 10 │
│ ret │
└─────────────────────────┘
You can then in the program put the line
┌─────────────────────┐
│ call cls │
└─────────────────────┘
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Standard, all numbers must be in hexadecimal. But, it is possible to work with
binary and decimal numbers too: just put '%b' before the binary number or '%d'
before the decimal number. For example: these three commands have exactly the
same meaning:
┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ mov ax,4c00 │
│ mov ax,%d19456 │
│ mov ax,%b0100110000000000 │
└──────────────────────────────────────┘
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
It is also possible to write the numbers in a standard form, which is used by
most other assemblers. When you want so, you should add an 'n' as the parameter
to the compiler:
┌──────────────────┐
│ ASM MYPROG.ASM N │
└──────────────────┘
If you want to use this mode, you should put an 'h' behind an hexadecimal
number, and a 'b' behind binary numbers. For example: these three commands have
exactly have the same meaning:
┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ mov ax,4c00h │
│ mov ax,19456 │
│ mov ax,0100110000000000b │
└──────────────────────────────────────┘
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
I hope you'll enjoy the Magic Assembler. If you have any questions or remarks
about the assembler, the documenation or the sample programs, you can write me
on E-mail bert.greevenbosch@mmm.xs4all.nl
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Magic Assembler was written by Bert Greevenbosch for Magic Software.
Program created in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.