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lsd.synthesis.better
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1996-05-06
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Synthesis of d-LSD maleate or tartrate from lysergic acid with POCl3
Ref:
Johnson, Ary, Teiger, Kassel. "Emetic Activity of Reduced Lysergamides."
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 16(5):532-537. 1973.
Related:
Huang, Marona-Lewicka, Pfaff, Nichols. "Drug Discrimination and Receptor
Binding Studies of N-Isopropyl Lysergamide Derivates." Pharmacology,
Biochmistry and Behavior. 47(3):667-673, 1994.
Oberlender, Pfaff, Johnson, Huang, Nichols. "Stereoselective LSD-like
Activity in d-Lysergic Acid Amides of (R)- and (S)-2-Aminobutane."
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 35(2):203-211, 1992.
Hoffman-AJ, Nichols. "Synthesis and LSD-like Descriminative Stimulus
Properties in a Series of N(6)-alkyl Norlysergic Acid N,N-Diethylamide
Derivates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 28:1252-1255, 1985.
NOTE: JMC 35(2):203-211 has some amazing stereoviews of LSD which might
interest non-chemists who like to cross their eyes...
Under reduced light (or red light) a stirred solution of 3.15g (11 mmol)
of d-lysergic acid monohydrate and 4.45g (99 mmol) of diethylamine was
brought to reflux by heating. Heat was removed, and reflux was maintained
by the addition of 2ml (3.4g, 22mmol) of phosphorous oxychloride (POCl3)
over a 2 minute period. The mixture was then refluxed for an additional
4-5 mins until an amber-colored solution resulted. The solution was
brought to room temperature and was washed with 200ml of 1M NH4OH. The
CHCl3 solution was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum
(not allowing the solution to exceed 40 degrees C). The last traces of the
solvent were removed at 2-5 mm. The viscious residue was dissolved in a
minimum amount of MeOH and acidified with a freshly prepared 20% solution of
maleic acid in MeOH. Crystallization occured spontaneously. The needles
were filtered, washed with cold MeOH and air-dried. Yield was 66% after
further purification by column chromatography over alumina (Brockman) and
elution with 3:1 benzene-chloroform. The chromatography takes appx 8-9
hours. Alternatively, it can be crystallized as the (+)-tartrate from
MeOH. After crystallizing from cold MeOH, it is diluted with ethyl
acetate, filtered and the the crystals are washed with ethyl acetate.
This procedure also works for primary amines and small dialkyl amines. LSD,
however, probably remains the most worthwhile product. Other interesting
amines might be the N-ethyl-N-propyl derivative (LEP) and the morpholide
(LSM-775). 75ug of the morpholide have been reported to have been as
effective as 50ug of d-LSD but with 45 min onset (vs 1 hour) and a 1 hour
peak (vs 4 hours). The procedure would probably work well for LEP, but yields
would be reduced for the morpholide. Other N(20)-alkyl-lysergic acid
derivatives tend to be more than 10 times less potent than LSD if not
effectively inactive. N(6)-ethyl- (and -allyl- and -propyl-) derivates of
LSD may be more active than LSD itself, but synthetic routes to these
chemicals presently start with LSD and yields would probably inhibit their
appearance on the illicit market. (N(6) is the other nitrogen on the
ring structure in addition to the N(1) pyrrole/indole nitrogen). Derivatives
of LSD (besides LSA/LA-111 and lysergic acid) are not scheduled, but would
be prosecutable under the designer drugs act after testimony from a DEA
agent that _in their opinion_ the defendant was planning to distribute them.