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geos pROGRAMMER'S rEFERENCE gUIDE WRITTEN BY aLEXANDER dONALD bOYCE pREFACE tHIS DOCUMENT WAS WRITTEN AFTER HAVING DISASSEMBLED THE geos kERNAL AND COMPLETELY COMMENTING AND REVERSE ENGINEERING IT. iT TOOK A GREAT DEAL OF TIME TO DO THIS, BUT i DID IT BECAUSE i ENJOY COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND DECIPHERING OTHER PEOPLE'S PROGRAMS. bECAUSE OF THE AMOUNT OF EFFORT INVOLVED IN CREATING THIS DOCUMENT, i DO NOT REALLY WISH TO GIVE IT AWAY. hOWEVER, i KNOW THERE ARE OTHER PROGRAMMERS WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM MY HARD WORK. tHEREFORE i AM OFFERING THIS DOCUMENT AS SHAREWARE. iF YOU GET GOOD USE OUT OF THIS DOCUMENT, SEND ME WHATEVER YOU FEEL IT IS WORTH TO YOU (OR SOME REASONABLE AMOUNT, PERSONNALY i FIND IT INVALUABLE). a FEW DOLLARS WOULD BE APPRECIATED. hERE IS MY ADDRESS: aLEXANDER dONALD bOYCE 2269 gRANDVIEW aVE., aPT. 1 cLEVELAND hEIGHTS, oHIO 44106-3144 tHANK YOU AND HAPPY COMPUTING!! aLEX bOYCE oCTOBER 1986 tABLE OF cONTENTS cHAPTER 1 geos kERNAL rOUTINES dEFINES ALL THE geos KERNAL ROUTINES ALONG WITH THEIR INPUT AND OUTPUT REQUIREMENTS. cHAPTER 2 dEVICE dRIVERS dEFINES THE FORMAT FOR iNPUT AND pRINTER dRIVERS. cHAPTER 3 fILE fORMATS dESCRIBES THE FORMAT OF ALL OF geos'S VARIOUS FILES. cHAPTER 4 dIRECTORY sTRUCTURE dESCRIBES THE STRUCTURE OF A geos DISK'S DIRECTORY. cHAPTER 5 iNFORMATION sECTOR fORMAT dESCRIBES THE STRUCTURE AND THE DATA CONTAINED IN A FILE'S INFORMATION SECTOR. cHAPTER 6 mEMORY mAP dEFINES THE MEMORY LOCATIONS USED BY geos. aPPENDIX i geos eRRORS dEFINES THE ERROR NUMBERS THAT CAN BE RETURNED BY THE geos kERNAL ROUTINES. aPPENDIX ii gLOSSARY dEFINES SEVERAL TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT. aPPENDIX iii fILL pATTERNS a REPRESENTATION OF geos'S 32 FILL PATTERNS. aPPENDIX iv pROGRAMMING nOTES iNFORMATION NECESSARY FOR geos PROGRAMMING. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-1 aLPHABETICAL lISTING abs16 $c16f 16 BIT ABSOLUTE VALUE 1-9 alloc $c292 fIND AND ALLOCATE A DISK BLOCK 1-9 append $c289 aDD A vlir CHAIN 1-9 basic $c241 rESTART basic 1-10 blkcmp $c26e mEMORY BLOCK COMPARISON 1-10 blkfil $c17b mEMORY BLOCK FILL 1-10 blkfl2 $c1b4 mEMORY BLOCK FILL WITH INLINE DATA 1-11 blkmov $c268 mEMORY BLOCK MOVE 1-11 blkset $c181 mULTIPLE MEMORY LOCATION INITIALIZATION 1-11 cbox $c142 dRAW A CLICK BOX 1-12 cbox2 $c1ab dRAW A CLICK BOX WITH INLINE DATA 1-12 cboxes $c15a dRAW A TABLE OF CLICK BOXES 1-13 charst $c1b1 gET A CHARACTER'S STATS 1-13 chgdrv $c2bc cHANGE DISK DRIVE DEVICE NUMBER 1-14 ckmous $c2b3 cHECK IF MOUSE IS INSIDE A WINDOW 1-14 clrrdy $c232 sTOP TURBODOS IN A DRIVE 1-14 clrsts $c235 sTOP AND REMOVE TURBODOS IN A DRIVE 1-15 clsmnu $c190 cLOSE CURRENT MENU 1-15 clsser $c25f cLOSE SERIAL COMMUNICATION 1-15 clswin $c2bf cLOSE A WINDOW 1-15 cmdtbl $c103 iNITIALIZE A TABLE OF RECURRING TIMED EVENTS 1-16 cmenus $c1bd cLOSE ALL MENU LEVELS 1-16 convrt $c1ea cONVERT A DISK TO geos FORMAT 1-16 copyb $c12d cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 1 TO SCREEN 2 1-17 copyb2 $c1a5 cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 1 TO SCREEN 2 WITH INLINE DATA 1-17 copyb3 $c250 cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1 1-17 copyb4 $c253 cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1 WITH INLINE DATA 1-17 copyl $c11e cOPY A LINE FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1 1-18 copysp $c1c6 cOPY A SPRITE DATA BLOCK 1-18 cursof $c29e tURN OFF THE TEXT CURSOR 1-18 curson $c29b tURN ON THE TEXT CURSOR 1-18 cwidth $c1c9 gET A CHARACTER'S WIDTH 1-19 cwrite $c223 vERIFY BEFORE WRITING SECTOR 1-19 dec16 $c175 dECREMENT A 16 BIT INTEGER 1-19 decode $c20e cOMPUTE THE CHECKSUM OF A MEMORY REGION 1-20 delay $c199 sET UP A TIME DELAY 1-20 delet2 $c244 dELETE A TEMPORARY FILE 1-20 delete $c238 dELETE A FILE 1-20 dirdsk $c1f0 cREATE A DIRECTORY ENTRY ON DISK 1-21 dirmem $c1f3 cREATE A DIRECTORY ENTRY IN MEMORY 1-21 draw $c2aa dRAW A CODED IMAGE 1-22 draw2 $c2c5 dRAW A CODED IMAGE WITH USER PATCHES 1-22 drawch $c202 dRAW A CHARACTER ON THE SCREEN 1-23 drvnam $c298 cOMPUTE ADDRESS OF DISK'S NAME 1-23 drvset $c2b0 sELECT A DRIVE 1-23 drwmnu $c193 dRAW THE CURRENT MENU 1-23 dsetup $c214 sETUP A DRIVE WITH TURBODOS 1-24 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-2 dspchr $c145 dISPLAY A CHARACTER 1-24 dspnum $c184 dISPLAY A 16 BIT INTEGER 1-25 dsptx2 $c1ae dISPLAY A TEXT STRING WITH INLINE DATA 1-26 dsptxt $c148 dISPLAY A TEXT STRING 1-26 enable $c106 eNABLE A RECURRING TIMED EVENT 1-26 eramns $c157 eRASE ALL MENUS 1-27 eramnu $c154 eRASE THE CURRENT MENU 1-27 exertn $c109 fORCE A RECURRING TIMED EVENT TO RUN 1-27 falloc $c1fc aLLOCATE SECTORS FOR A FILE 1-27 faloc2 $c24d aLLOCATE SECTORS FOR A FILE 1-28 font $c1cc mAKE A MEMORY RESIDENT FONT THE CURRENT FONT 1-28 forbid $c10c pREVENT A RECURRING TIMED EVENT FROM RUNNING 1-28 free $c226 fREE A FILE'S SECTORS 1-29 geosck $c1de cHECK IF A DISK IS geos FORMAT 1-29 getbyt $c2b6 gET A BYTE FROM A FILE 1-29 getin $c2a7 rEAD A CHARACTER FROM THE KEYBOARD 1-30 goto $c280 gOTO A SPECIFIC vlir CHAIN 1-30 grphc2 $c1a8 pROCESS A GRAPHIC COMMAND TABLE WITH INLINE DATA 1-30 grphic $c136 pROCESS A GRAPHIC COMMAND TABLE 1-30 hline $c118 dRAW A HORIZONTAL LINE IN A PATTERN 1-31 hole $c1f6 fIND A HOLE IN THE DIRECTORY 1-32 indjmp $c1d8 pERFORM AN INDIRECT JUMP 1-32 init01 $c271 iNITIALIZE geos VARIABLES 1-32 initdv $c1e1 iNITIALIZE A DRIVE 1-32 initms $c14e iNITIALIZE THE MOUSE 1-33 input $c1ba rEAD A LINE OF TEXT FROM THE USER 1-33 insert $c286 iNSERT A vlir CHAIN 1-34 intbm $c17e iNTELLIGENT MEMORY BLOCK MOVE 1-34 intbm2 $c1b7 iNTELLIGENT MEMORY BLOCK MOVE WITH INLINE DATA 1-34 inuse $c2ad cHECK IF A DISK SECTOR IS IN USE 1-35 invbox $c12a rEVERSE VIDEO A BOX 1-35 invlin $c11b rEVERSE VIDEO A HORIZONTAL LINE 1-35 irqrtn $c100 irq ROUTINE 1-36 lchain $c1ff lOAD A CHAIN INTO MEMORY, GIVEN THE INITIAL TRACK AND SECTOR 1-36 ldswap $c23e lOAD THE swapfile 1-36 line $c130 dRAW/eRASE/cOPY AN ARBITRARY LINE 1-37 load $c208 lOAD A FILE, GIVEN A FILE NAME 1-37 load2 $c211 lOAD A FILE, GIVEN A DIRECTORY ENTRY 1-38 load3 $c21d lOAD AND RUN A FILE, GIVEN A DIRECTORY ENTRY 1-38 loadad $c229 gET A FILE'S LOAD ADDRESS 1-39 loadsw $c217 lOAD A FILE WITH MEMORY SWAPPING 1-39 lookup $c20b lOOKUP A FILE IN THE DIRECTORY 1-40 main $c1c3 geos'S MAIN LOOP 1-40 makcur $c1c0 cREATE THE TEXT CURSOR SPRITE 1-41 masl $c15d mULTIPLE 16 BIT ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT 1-41 menu $c151 mENU PROCESSOR 1-42 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-3 mlsr $c262 mULTIPLE 16 BIT LOGICAL SHIFT RIGHT 1-43 mousof $c18d tURN OFF THE MOUSE 1-43 mouson $c18a tURN ON THE MOUSE 1-43 neg16 $c172 nEGATE A 16 BIT INTEGER 1-43 next $c27a mOVE TO NEXT vlir CHAIN 1-44 numblk $c1db cOMPUTE NUMBER OF FREE BLOCKS ON DISK 1-44 opndsk $c2a1 oPEN A DISK 1-44 opnser $c25c oPEN SERIAL COMMUNICATION 1-45 pbox $c127 dRAW AN OUTLINE IN A PATTERN 1-45 pbox2 $c1a2 dRAW A SOLID OUTLINE WITH INLINE DATA 1-45 permit $c10f aLLOW A RECURRING TIMED EVENT TO EXECUTE 1-45 pfill $c124 fILL A BOX WITH A PATTERN 1-46 pfill2 $c19f fILL A BOX WITH A PATTERN WITH INLINE DATA 1-46 plot $c133 dRAW/eRASE/cOPY A POINT ON THE SCREEN 1-46 posspr $c1cf pOSITION A SPRITE 1-47 prev $c27d mOVE TO PREVIOUS vlir CHAIN 1-47 random $c187 cHANGE THE RANDOM NUMBER 1-47 rd180 $c247 rEAD TRACK 18 SECTOR 0 1-47 read $c1e4 rEAD A SECTOR 1-48 read2 $c21a rEAD A SECTOR WITH DRIVE PRESET 1-48 reboot $c000 rEBOOT geos 1-48 remove $c283 rEMOVE A vlir CHAIN 1-49 rename $c259 rENAME A FILE 1-49 resetm $c19c rESET THE MOUSE 1-49 restrt $c22c lOAD AND RUN desktop 1-49 rowadr $c13c cOMPUTE MEMORY ADDRESS OF A ROW ON THE SCREEN 1-50 run $c22f rUN A PROGRAM THAT IS IN MEMORY 1-50 save $c1ed sAVE MEMORY TO A FILE 1-51 save2 $c1f9 sAVE MEMORY TO PREALLOCATED SECTORS 1-51 sd1616 $c16c sIGNED 16 BIT DIVISION 1-51 selbsw $c14b sELECT THE bsw FONT 1-52 setpat $c139 sELECT A FILL PATTERN 1-52 sproff $c1d5 tURN OFF A SPRITE 1-52 spron $c1d2 tURN ON A SPRITE 1-52 start $c115 sTART A RECURRING TIMED EVENT'S TIMER 1-53 stop $c112 sTOP A RECURRING TIMED EVENT'S TIMER 1-53 strcmp $c26b sTRING COMPARE 1-53 strcpy $c265 sTRING COPY 1-53 syserr $c2c2 rEPORT SYSTEM ERROR 1-54 table $c23b cREATE A TABLE OF FILE NAMES 1-54 tbljmp $c2a4 pERFORM A JUMP THROUGH A TABLE 1-54 test $c13f tEST THE VALUE OF A PIXEL 1-55 trace $c205 cREATE A LIST OF SECTORS USED BY A FILE 1-55 ud1616 $c169 uNSIGNED 16 BIT DIVISION 1-55 um1616 $c166 uNSIGNED 16 BIT BY 16 BIT MULTIPLY 1-56 um168 $c163 uNSIGNED 16 BIT BY 8 BIT MULTIPLY 1-56 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-4 umul88 $c160 uNSIGNED 8 BIT BY 8 BIT MULTIPLY 1-56 update $c295 uPDATE A vlir FILE 1-57 vclose $c277 cLOSE A vlir FILE 1-57 vline $c121 dRAW A VERTICAL LINE IN A PATTERN 1-57 vload $c28c lOAD A vlir CHAIN 1-58 vopen $c274 oPEN A vlir FILE 1-58 vsave $c28f sAVE MEMORY TO A vlir CHAIN 1-59 whatis $c196 wHO KNOWS WHAT THIS ROUTINE DOES??? 1-59 window $c256 wINDOW PROCESSOR 1-60 wr180 $c24a wRITE TO TRACK 18 SECTOR 0 1-62 write $c1e7 wRITE A SECTOR 1-62 write2 $c220 wRITE A SECTOR WITH DRIVE PRESET 1-62 zfill $c178 fILL A MEMORY REGION WITH ZEROES 1-62 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-5 sEQUENTIAL lISTING reboot $c000 rEBOOT geos 1-48 irqrtn $c100 irq ROUTINE 1-36 cmdtbl $c103 iNITIALIZE A TABLE OF RECURRING TIMED EVENTS 1-16 enable $c106 eNABLE A RECURRING TIMED EVENT 1-26 exertn $c109 fORCE A RECURRING TIMED EVENT TO RUN 1-27 forbid $c10c pREVENT A RECURRING TIMED EVENT FROM RUNNING 1-28 permit $c10f aLLOW A RECURRING TIMED EVENT TO EXECUTE 1-45 stop $c112 sTOP A RECURRING TIMED EVENT'S TIMER 1-53 start $c115 sTART A RECURRING TIMED EVENT'S TIMER 1-53 hline $c118 dRAW A HORIZONTAL LINE IN A PATTERN 1-31 invlin $c11b rEVERSE VIDEO A HORIZONTAL LINE 1-35 copyl $c11e cOPY A LINE FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1 1-18 vline $c121 dRAW A VERTICAL LINE IN A PATTERN 1-57 pfill $c124 fILL A BOX WITH A PATTERN 1-46 pbox $c127 dRAW AN OUTLINE IN A PATTERN 1-45 invbox $c12a rEVERSE VIDEO A BOX 1-35 copyb $c12d cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 1 TO SCREEN 2 1-17 line $c130 dRAW/eRASE/cOPY AN ARBITRARY LINE 1-37 plot $c133 dRAW/eRASE/cOPY A POINT ON THE SCREEN 1-46 grphic $c136 pROCESS A GRAPHIC COMMAND TABLE 1-30 setpat $c139 sELECT A FILL PATTERN 1-52 rowadr $c13c cOMPUTE MEMORY ADDRESS OF A ROW ON THE SCREEN 1-50 test $c13f tEST THE VALUE OF A PIXEL 1-55 cbox $c142 dRAW A CLICK BOX 1-12 dspchr $c145 dISPLAY A CHARACTER 1-24 dsptxt $c148 dISPLAY A TEXT STRING 1-26 selbsw $c14b sELECT THE bsw FONT 1-52 initms $c14e iNITIALIZE THE MOUSE 1-33 menu $c151 mENU PROCESSOR 1-42 eramnu $c154 eRASE THE CURRENT MENU 1-27 eramns $c157 eRASE ALL MENUS 1-27 cboxes $c15a dRAW A TABLE OF CLICK BOXES 1-13 masl $c15d mULTIPLE 16 BIT ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT 1-41 umul88 $c160 uNSIGNED 8 BIT BY 8 BIT MULTIPLY 1-56 um168 $c163 uNSIGNED 16 BIT BY 8 BIT MULTIPLY 1-56 um1616 $c166 uNSIGNED 16 BIT BY 16 BIT MULTIPLY 1-56 ud1616 $c169 uNSIGNED 16 BIT DIVISION 1-55 sd1616 $c16c sIGNED 16 BIT DIVISION 1-51 abs16 $c16f 16 BIT ABSOLUTE VALUE 1-9 neg16 $c172 nEGATE A 16 BIT INTEGER 1-43 dec16 $c175 dECREMENT A 16 BIT INTEGER 1-19 zfill $c178 fILL A MEMORY REGION WITH ZEROES 1-62 blkfil $c17b mEMORY BLOCK FILL 1-10 intbm $c17e iNTELLIGENT MEMORY BLOCK MOVE 1-34 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-6 blkset $c181 mULTIPLE MEMORY LOCATION INITIALIZATION 1-11 dspnum $c184 dISPLAY A 16 BIT INTEGER 1-25 random $c187 cHANGE THE RANDOM NUMBER 1-47 mouson $c18a tURN ON THE MOUSE 1-43 mousof $c18d tURN OFF THE MOUSE 1-43 clsmnu $c190 cLOSE CURRENT MENU 1-15 drwmnu $c193 dRAW THE CURRENT MENU 1-23 whatis $c196 wHO KNOWS WHAT THIS ROUTINE DOES??? 1-59 delay $c199 sET UP A TIME DELAY 1-20 resetm $c19c rESET THE MOUSE 1-49 pfill2 $c19f fILL A BOX WITH A PATTERN WITH INLINE DATA 1-46 pbox2 $c1a2 dRAW A SOLID OUTLINE WITH INLINE DATA 1-45 copyb2 $c1a5 cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 1 TO SCREEN 2 WITH INLINE DATA 1-17 grphc2 $c1a8 pROCESS A GRAPHIC COMMAND TABLE WITH INLINE DATA 1-30 cbox2 $c1ab dRAW A CLICK BOX WITH INLINE DATA 1-12 dsptx2 $c1ae dISPLAY A TEXT STRING WITH INLINE DATA 1-26 charst $c1b1 gET A CHARACTER'S STATS 1-13 blkfl2 $c1b4 mEMORY BLOCK FILL WITH INLINE DATA 1-11 intbm2 $c1b7 iNTELLIGENT MEMORY BLOCK MOVE WITH INLINE DATA 1-34 input $c1ba rEAD A LINE OF TEXT FROM THE USER 1-33 cmenus $c1bd cLOSE ALL MENU LEVELS 1-16 makcur $c1c0 cREATE THE TEXT CURSOR SPRITE 1-41 main $c1c3 geos'S MAIN LOOP 1-40 copysp $c1c6 cOPY A SPRITE DATA BLOCK 1-18 cwidth $c1c9 gET A CHARACTER'S WIDTH 1-19 font $c1cc mAKE A MEMORY RESIDENT FONT THE CURRENT FONT 1-28 posspr $c1cf pOSITION A SPRITE 1-47 spron $c1d2 tURN ON A SPRITE 1-52 sproff $c1d5 tURN OFF A SPRITE 1-52 indjmp $c1d8 pERFORM AN INDIRECT JUMP 1-32 numblk $c1db cOMPUTE NUMBER OF FREE BLOCKS ON DISK 1-44 geosck $c1de cHECK IF A DISK IS geos FORMAT 1-29 initdv $c1e1 iNITIALIZE A DRIVE 1-32 read $c1e4 rEAD A SECTOR 1-48 write $c1e7 wRITE A SECTOR 1-62 convrt $c1ea cONVERT A DISK TO geos FORMAT 1-16 save $c1ed sAVE MEMORY TO A FILE 1-51 dirdsk $c1f0 cREATE A DIRECTORY ENTRY ON DISK 1-21 dirmem $c1f3 cREATE A DIRECTORY ENTRY IN MEMORY 1-21 hole $c1f6 fIND A HOLE IN THE DIRECTORY 1-32 save2 $c1f9 sAVE MEMORY TO PREALLOCATED SECTORS 1-51 falloc $c1fc aLLOCATE SECTORS FOR A FILE 1-27 lchain $c1ff lOAD A CHAIN INTO MEMORY, GIVEN THE INITIAL TRACK AND SECTOR 1-36 drawch $c202 dRAW A CHARACTER ON THE SCREEN 1-23 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-7 trace $c205 cREATE A LIST OF SECTORS USED BY A FILE 1-55 load $c208 lOAD A FILE, GIVEN A FILE NAME 1-37 lookup $c20b lOOKUP A FILE IN THE DIRECTORY 1-40 decode $c20e cOMPUTE THE CHECKSUM OF A MEMORY REGION 1-20 load2 $c211 lOAD A FILE, GIVEN A DIRECTORY ENTRY 1-38 dsetup $c214 sETUP A DRIVE WITH TURBODOS 1-24 loadsw $c217 lOAD A FILE WITH MEMORY SWAPPING 1-39 read2 $c21a rEAD A SECTOR WITH DRIVE PRESET 1-48 load3 $c21d lOAD AND RUN A FILE, GIVEN A DIRECTORY ENTRY 1-38 write2 $c220 wRITE A SECTOR WITH DRIVE PRESET 1-62 cwrite $c223 vERIFY BEFORE WRITING SECTOR 1-19 free $c226 fREE A FILE'S SECTORS 1-29 loadad $c229 gET A FILE'S LOAD ADDRESS 1-39 restrt $c22c lOAD AND RUN desktop 1-49 run $c22f rUN A PROGRAM THAT IS IN MEMORY 1-50 clrrdy $c232 sTOP TURBODOS IN A DRIVE 1-14 clrsts $c235 sTOP AND REMOVE TURBODOS IN A DRIVE 1-15 delete $c238 dELETE A FILE 1-20 table $c23b cREATE A TABLE OF FILE NAMES 1-54 ldswap $c23e lOAD THE swapfile 1-36 basic $c241 rESTART basic 1-10 delet2 $c244 dELETE A TEMPORARY FILE 1-20 rd180 $c247 rEAD TRACK 18 SECTOR 0 1-47 wr180 $c24a wRITE TO TRACK 18 SECTOR 0 1-62 faloc2 $c24d aLLOCATE SECTORS FOR A FILE 1-28 copyb3 $c250 cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1 1-17 copyb4 $c253 cOPY A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1 WITH INLINE DATA 1-17 window $c256 wINDOW PROCESSOR 1-60 rename $c259 rENAME A FILE 1-49 opnser $c25c oPEN SERIAL COMMUNICATION 1-45 clsser $c25f cLOSE SERIAL COMMUNICATION 1-15 mlsr $c262 mULTIPLE 16 BIT LOGICAL SHIFT RIGHT 1-43 strcpy $c265 sTRING COPY 1-53 blkmov $c268 mEMORY BLOCK MOVE 1-11 strcmp $c26b sTRING COMPARE 1-53 blkcmp $c26e mEMORY BLOCK COMPARISON 1-10 init01 $c271 iNITIALIZE geos VARIABLES 1-32 vopen $c274 oPEN A vlir FILE 1-58 vclose $c277 cLOSE A vlir FILE 1-57 next $c27a mOVE TO NEXT vlir CHAIN 1-44 prev $c27d mOVE TO PREVIOUS vlir CHAIN 1-47 goto $c280 gOTO A SPECIFIC vlir CHAIN 1-30 remove $c283 rEMOVE A vlir CHAIN 1-49 insert $c286 iNSERT A vlir CHAIN 1-34 append $c289 aDD A vlir CHAIN 1-9 vload $c28c lOAD A vlir CHAIN 1-58 vsave $c28f sAVE MEMORY TO A vlir CHAIN 1-59 alloc $c292 fIND AND ALLOCATE A DISK BLOCK 1-9 update $c295 uPDATE A vlir FILE 1-57 drvnam $c298 cOMPUTE ADDRESS OF DISK'S NAME 1-23 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-8 curson $c29b tURN ON THE TEXT CURSOR 1-18 cursof $c29e tURN OFF THE TEXT CURSOR 1-18 opndsk $c2a1 oPEN A DISK 1-44 tbljmp $c2a4 pERFORM A JUMP THROUGH A TABLE 1-54 getin $c2a7 rEAD A CHARACTER FROM THE KEYBOARD 1-30 draw $c2aa dRAW A CODED IMAGE 1-22 inuse $c2ad cHECK IF A DISK SECTOR IS IN USE 1-35 drvset $c2b0 sELECT A DRIVE 1-23 ckmous $c2b3 cHECK IF MOUSE IS INSIDE A WINDOW 1-14 getbyt $c2b6 gET A BYTE FROM A FILE 1-29 chgdrv $c2bc cHANGE DISK DRIVE DEVICE NUMBER 1-14 clswin $c2bf cLOSE A WINDOW 1-15 syserr $c2c2 rEPORT SYSTEM ERROR 1-54 draw2 $c2c5 dRAW A CODED IMAGE WITH USER PATCHES 1-22 geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-9 fUNCTION nAME: abs16 pURPOSE: 16 BIT ABSOLUTE VALUE. cALL ADDRESS: $c16f iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT INTEGER. oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS A POSITIVE 16 BIT INTEGER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x POINTS TO A 16 BIT VALUE WHICH IF FOUND TO BE NEGATIVE, neg16 IS CALLED TO MAKE IT POSITIVE. fUNCTION nAME: alloc pURPOSE: aLLOCATE A BLOCK ON THE DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c292 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08 tRACK TO START SCANNING FROM. $09 sECTOR TO START SCANNING FROM. $8200-$82ff tRACK 18 SECTOR 0, bam. $849c sKEW FACTOR (DEFAULT IS 8). oUTPUT: $08 nEW TRACK NUMBER. $09 nEW SECTOR NUMBER. eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE EXPECTS THAT THE bam IS ALREADY IN MEMORY. iT SCANS THE bam STARTING AT A SPECIFIED LOCATION, LOOKING FOR A FREE SECTOR. iF ONE IS FOUND IT IS RETURNED, OTHERWISE AN ERROR RESULTS. tHE SECTOR IS ALLOCATED IN THE bam, AND THE bam MUST BE UPDATED TO DISK AFTERWARDS IN ORDER FOR THE SECTOR TO REMAIN ALLOCATED. fUNCTION nAME: append pURPOSE: aPPEND A NEW CHAIN IN A vlir FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c289 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8496 cURRENT CHAIN NUMBER. oUTPUT: $8496 iNCREMENTED BY 1. $8497 iNCREMENTED BY 1. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: a HOLE IS OPENED UP IN THE vlir SECTOR IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE CURRENT CHAIN. tHE HOLE IS FILLED WITH $00,$ff. tHIS REPRESENTS A NULL CHAIN. tHIS HOLE BECOMES THE CURRENT CHAIN. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-10 fUNCTION nAME: basic pURPOSE: rESTART basic WITH OPTIONAL PROGRAM LOAD. cALL ADDRESS: $c241 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO 40 CHARACTERS OF TEXT. $0c-$0d pOINTER TO FILE'S DIRECTORY ENTRY. $10-$11 lOAD ADDRESS. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: lookup dESCRIPTION: tHE 40 CHARACTERS POINTED TO BY $02-$03 ARE SAVED IN A BUFFER. iF $0c-$0d IS NON-ZERO, THE FILE IS LOADED INTO MEMORY AT THE ADDRESS SPECIFIED BY $10-$11. basic IS RESTARTED WITH AN INTERRUPT VECTOR. tHIS INTERRUPT IS SET UP TO GIVE basic A CHANCE TO START UP. aFTER THE TIME HAS ELAPSED, THE 40 CHARACTERS IN THE BUFFER ARE COPIED TO THE SCREEN AND A cr IS PLACED IN THE KEYBOARD BUFFER. tHE INTERRUPT VECTOR IS THEN REMOVED, BUT THE nmi VECTOR IS SET UP TO REBOOT geos. tHE REBOOT CODE IS AT $c000- $c037. fUNCTION nAME: blkcmp pURPOSE: cOMPARES TWO BLOCKS OF MEMORY FOR A FIXED LENGTH. cALL ADDRESS: $c26e iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a bYTE COUNT. x aDDRESS OF ZERO PAGE SOURCE POINTER. y aDDRESS OF ZERO PAGE DESTINATION POINTER. oUTPUT: z FLAG sET ACCORDINGLY. dESCRIPTION: tHE x AND y REGISTERS POINT TO ZERO PAGE POINTERS. a HAS THE NUMBER OF BYTES TO BE COMPARED (1-255). iF a IS ZERO, THIS ROUTINE WILL COMPARE UP TO AND INCLUDING A ZERO BYTE. tHE z FLAG IS SET ACCORDINGLY. sEE strcmp. fUNCTION nAME: blkfil pURPOSE: fILLS A MEMORY REGION WITH A SPECIFIED BYTE. cALL ADDRESS: $c17b iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 tHE LENGTH OF THE REGION. $04-$05 tHE ADDRESS OF THE REGION. $06 tHE BYTE TO FILL THE REGION WITH. dESCRIPTION: a SIMPLE LOOP FILLS MEMORY WITH THE SPECIFIED BYTE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-11 fUNCTION nAME: blkfl2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO blkfil, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c1b4 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TAKES THE INLINE DATA AND SETS EVERYTHING UP BEFORE CALLING blkfil. fOR EXAMPLE: jsr blkfl2 .word lENGTH OF REGION .word aDDRESS OF REGION .byte bYTE TO FILL MEMORY WITH cONTROL RETURNS HERE UPON COMPLETION. fUNCTION nAME: blkmov pURPOSE: cOPY A BLOCK OF MEMORY. cALL ADDRESS: $c268 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a bYTE COUNT. x aDDRESS OF ZERO PAGE SOURCE POINTER. y aDDRESS OF ZERO PAGE DESTINATION POINTER. dESCRIPTION: tHE x AND y REGISTERS POINT TO ZERO PAGE POINTERS. a HAS THE NUMBER OF BYTES TO BE TRANSFERRED (1-255). iF a IS ZERO, THIS ROUTINE WILL COPY UP TO AND INCLUDING A ZERO BYTE. sEE strcpy. fUNCTION nAME: blkset pURPOSE: uSES A TABLE TO SET VARIOUS MEMORY LOCATIONS IN A UNIFORM MANNER. cALL ADDRESS: $c181 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 aDDRESS OF A DATA TABLE. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE ALLOWS MANY MEMORY LOCATIONS TO BE SPECIFIED AND SET IN AN ORDERLY MANNER. tHE FORMAT OF THE DATA TABLE IS AS FOLLOWS: #BYTES dESCRIPTION 2 aDDRESS TO STORE VALUES AT. 1 # OF VALUES THAT FOLLOW. ? vALUES TO BE STORED AT THE DESIGNATED MEMORY REGION. ... mORE DEFINITIONS. 2 aN ADDRESS OF $0000 ENDS THE TABLE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-12 fUNCTION nAME: cbox pURPOSE: dRAWS A CLICK BOX ON THE SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c142 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO THE GRAPHIC DATA. $04 cOLUMN IN CHARACTERS. $05 tHE ROW IN PIXELS. $06 tHE WIDTH IN BYTES. $07 tHE HEIGHT IN PIXELS. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE DRAWS A CLICK BOX ON THE SCREEN. a CLICK BOX IS A BOX LIKE oK, oPEN, ETC. tHESE BOXES ARE GENERALLY PART OF A WINDOW DESCRIPTION. tHE GRAPHIC DATA IS IN A CODED FORMAT. tHIS FORMAT CONSISTS OF A CODE BYTE FOLLOWED BY 1 OR MORE DATA BYTES. 1) cODE BYTES LESS THAN 128 MEAN THAT THE FOLLOWING BYTE IS TO BE REPEATED THAT MANY TIMES. 2) cODE BYTES RANGING FROM 128 TO 219 MEAN THAT IF 128 IS SUBTRACTED FROM THE CODE BYTE, THEN THE RESULT IS THE NUMBER OF DATA BYTES THAT FOLLOW. 3) cODE BYTES RANGING FROM 220 TO 225 ARE SPECIAL. fIRST 219 IS SUBTRACTED FROM THE CODE BYTE, THE RESULT IS THE NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE PATTERN. fOLLOWING THIS CODE BYTE IS A REPETITION COUNT FOR THE PATTERN. fOLLOWING THIS ARE THE BYTES THAT CONSTITUTE THE PATTERN. tHESE COULD INCLUDE EITHER OF THE PREVIOUS TWO CODE TYPES. fUNCTION nAME: cbox2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO cbox, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c1ab dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TAKES A CLICK BOX DESCRIPTOR FROM INLINE DATA AND DRAWS IT. tHE INLINE DATA DOES not INCLUDE THE PROCESSING VECTOR, IE. jsr drwcb2 .word ADDRESS OF GRAPHIC IMAGE .byte START COLUMN IN BYTES .byte START MARGIN IN PIXELS .byte WIDTH OF BOX IN BYTES .byte HEIGHT OF BOX IN PIXELS cONTROL RETURNS HERE AFTER THE BOX IS DRAWN. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-13 fUNCTION nAME: cboxes pURPOSE: dRAWS ALL OF THE CLICK BOXES IN A TABLE. cALL ADDRESS: $c15a iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO A CLICK BOX TABLE (uSUALLY $880c). pREPARATORY ROUTINES: window (OPTIONAL). dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE DRAWS ALL OF THE CLICK BOXES BY CALLING cbox REPEATEDLY UNTIL THE TABLE IS EXHAUSTED. tHE initms IS CALLED TO SET THE MOUSE'S POSITION. cLICK TABLE FORMAT: #BYTES dESCRIPTION 1 # CLICK BOXES IN TABLE. 2 cOLUMN TO PLACE MOUSE IN (0 WILL PREVENT PLACEMENT). 1 rOW TO PLACE MOUSE IN. tHIS IS FOLLOWED BY SETS OF 8 BYTES, ONE FOR EACH CLICK BOX. 2 aDDRESS OF GRAPHIC DATA. 1 cOLUMN POSITION OF BOX IN CHARACTERS. 1 rOW POSITION OF BOX IN PIXELS. 1 wIDTH OF BOX IN BYTES. 1 hEIGHT OF BOX IN PIXELS. 2 aDDRESS OF ROUTINE TO PROCESS THIS BOX. fUNCTION nAME: charst pURPOSE: gET STATISTICS FOR A CHARACTER. cALL ADDRESS: $c1b1 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE CHARACTER. oUTPUT: a tHE POSITION OF THE UNDERLINE. y tHE CHARACTER'S WIDTH. x tHE CHARACTER'S HEIGHT. dESCRIPTION: gIVEN THE ascii VALUE OF A CHARACTER, THIS ROUTINE COMPUTES AND RETURNS THE HEIGHT AND WIDTH, TAKING THE STYLE INTO ACCOUNT. tHE # PIXELS ABOVE THE UNDERLINE FOR THE PRESENT FONT IS ALSO RETURNED. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-14 fUNCTION nAME: chgdrv pURPOSE: cHANGE THE DEVICE NUMBER OF A DRIVE. cALL ADDRESS: $c2bc iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a nEW DEVICE NUMBER FOR DRIVE. $8489 cURRENT DRIVE NUMBER. oUTPUT: $ba nEW DEVICE NUMBER. $8489 nEW DEVICE NUMBER. $8492-$8495 aPPROPRIATE BYTES ARE RESET AND SET. eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHE CURRENT DRIVE IS MADE READY, THEN THE NEW DEVICE NUMBER IS SENT TO TURBODOS WHICH WILL CHANGE IT. tHIS RESULTS IN THE DRIVE BEING SET AS THE CURRENT DRIVE BUT WITH A NEW DEVICE NUMBER, AND WITH TURBODOS UP AND RUNNING. tHE STATUS BYTES AT $8492-$8495 ARE CHANGED, THE OLD ONE IS RESET AND THE NEW ONE HAS BITS 6 AND 7 SET. fUNCTION nAME: ckmous pURPOSE: cHECK IF THE MOUSE IS IN A BOX. cALL ADDRESS: $c2b3 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06 tOP MARGIN. $07 bOTTOM MARGIN. $08-$09 lEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b rIGHT MARGIN. oUTPUT: a $00 - OUTSIDE BOX, $ff - INSIDE BOX. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SIMPLY COMPARES THE PRESENT MOUSE LOCATION STORED AT LOCATIONS $3a-$3c AGAINST THE BOX'S BOUNDARIES. a IS SET TO $00 IF THE MOUSE IS OUTSIDE, $ff IF IT IS INSIDE. fUNCTION nAME: clrrdy pURPOSE: tURN OFF TURBODOS. cALL ADDRESS: $c232 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8489 cURRENT DRIVE NUMBER. dESCRIPTION: tURBODOS IS TERMINATED IN THE CURRENT DRIVE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-15 fUNCTION nAME: clrsts pURPOSE: cLEAR THE DRIVE READY STATUS. cALL ADDRESS: $c235 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8489 cURRENT DRIVE NUMBER. oUTPUT: aPPROPRIATE STATUS BYTE IS RESET. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TERMINATES TURBODOS IN THE CURRENT DRIVE, AND RESETS THE DRIVE STATUS BYTE AT $8492-$8495. fUNCTION nAME: clsmnu pURPOSE: bACKS UP A MENU LEVEL. cALL ADDRESS: $c190 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE ERASES THE PRESENT MENU, AND POPS BACK ONE LEVEL. fUNCTION nAME: clsser pURPOSE: cLOSE OFF SERIAL COMMUNICATION. cALL ADDRESS: $c25f eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE RESETS THE i/o PORTS AFTER SERIAL COMMUNICATION IS COMPLETE. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED AFTER CALLS TO read2, write2 OR cwrite. fUNCTION nAME: clswin pURPOSE: cLOSE A WINDOW. cALL ADDRESS: $c2bf oUTPUT: $02 cOMMAND BYTE FROM WINDOW PROCESSOR. $851d cOMMAND BYTE FROM WINDOW PROCESSOR. dESCRIPTION: tHE WINDOW IS ERASED AND THE MEMORY ADDRESSES THAT THE WINDOW PROCESSOR SAVED ARE RESTORED. cONTROL RETURNS TO THE CALLER OF window. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-16 fUNCTION nAME: cmdtbl pURPOSE: sETS UP A TABLE OF RECURRING TIMED EVENTS. cALL ADDRESS: $c103 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE NUMBER OF ENTRIES IN THE TABLE. $02-$03 a POINTER TO THE TABLE OF COUNTERS AND ROUTINE ADDRESSES. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COPIES A TABLE OF SUBROUTINE ADDRESSES AND COUNTER VALUES INTO geos'S TABLES AT $872d AND $8755. tHE COUNTERS WILL BE DECREMENTED ON EACH CALL TO irqrtn. wHEN THEY REACH ZERO, THEY ARE RESET AND THE ASSOCIATED ROUTINE IS CALLED BY THE geos MAIN LOOP. tHE COMMAND BYTES ARE INITIALLY SET TO DISABLE THE COUNTERS. sEVERAL CALLS TO enable ARE NEEDED TO START THE COUNTERS RUNNING, ONE FOR EACH ENTRY IN THE TABLE. tHE TABLE CONSISTS OF PAIRS OF WORDS. tHE FIRST IS THE ADDRESS OF THE SUBROUTINE TO BE EXECUTED EACH TIME THE COUNTER REACHES ZERO AND THE SECOND IS THE COUNTER VALUE . tHIS APPEARS TO BE THE RUDIMENTS OF MULTITASKING geos. tHE TABLE OF COMMAND BYTES AT $8719 ARE BIT ORIENTED AND OPERATE ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING TABLE: bIT 7 - tIMER REACHED ZERO, CALL THE SUBROUTINE. bIT 6 - dISABLE THE EXECUTION OF THE ROUTINE. tHIS DOES not AFFECT THE COUNTER. bIT 5 - iNITIALLY SET BY cmdtbl, CAUSES THE COUNTER TO STOP RUNNING. bIT 4 - tHOUGH NOT REFERENCED ANYWHERE IN THE geos kERNAL, THIS BIT ALSO STOPS THE COUNTER. tHIS BIT IS not TOUCHED BY ANY OF THE geos ROUTINES, INCLUDING enable. fUNCTION nAME: cmenus pURPOSE: cLOSES ALL MENU LEVELS. cALL ADDRESS: $c1bd pREPARATORY ROUTINES: menu dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS NOT THE SAME eramns. tHE MENUS ARE CLEARED ONE AT A TIME AND THE PREVIOUS LEVELS ARE REPROCESSED IN REVERSE ORDER UNTIL ALL MENUS ARE CLOSED. fUNCTION nAME: convrt pURPOSE: cONVERTS A DISK TO geos FORMAT. cALL ADDRESS: $c1ea eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE MODIFIES THE DIRECTORY HEADER TO INCLUDE THE geos FORMAT MESSAGE. iT ALSO ALLOCATES A SECTOR TO BE USED FOR THE BORDER FROM desktop. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-17 fUNCTION nAME: copyb pURPOSE: cOPIES A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1. cALL ADDRESS: $c12d iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06 tHE TOP MARGIN. $07 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN. $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COPIES A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 ($6000) TO SCREEN 1 ($a000). lOCATION $2f IS UNAFFECTED. tHIS ROUTINE CALLS copyl REPEATEDLY TO COPY EACH LINE OF THE BOX. fUNCTION nAME: copyb2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO copyb, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c1a5 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COPIES A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 ($6000) TO SCREEN 1 ($a000). tHE BOX DESCRIPTOR IS INLINE WITH THE CALLING CODE. sEE pfill2 FOR AN EXAMPLE. fUNCTION nAME: copyb3 pURPOSE: cOPIES A BOX FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1. cALL ADDRESS: $c250 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06 tHE TOP MARGIN. $07 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN. $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COPIES A BOX FROM SCREEN 1 ($a000) TO SCREEN 2 ($6000). lOCATION $2f IS UNAFFECTED. tHIS ROUTINE CALLS copyl REPEATEDLY TO COPY EACH LINE OF THE BOX. fUNCTION nAME: copyb4 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO copyb3, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c253 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COPIES A BOX FROM SCREEN 1 ($a000) TO SCREEN 2 ($6000). tHE BOX DESCRIPTOR IS INLINE WITH THE CALLING CODE. sEE pfill2 FOR AN EXAMPLE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-18 fUNCTION nAME: copyl pURPOSE: cOPIES A HORIZONAL LINE FROM SCREEN 2 TO SCREEN 1. cALL ADDRESS: $c11e iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. $18 tHE ROW NUMBER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COPIES A HORIZONTAL LINE FROM SCREEN 2 ($6000) TO SCREEN 1 ($a000). lOCATION $2f IS UNAFFECTED. fUNCTION nAME: copysp pURPOSE: cOPIES A SPRITE INTO geos'S STORAGE AREA. cALL ADDRESS: $c1c6 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08 tHE SPRITE NUMBER (0-7). $0a-$0b pOINTER TO THE SPRITE DATA. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SIMPLY COPIES 63 BYTES OF DATA POINTED TO BY $0a-$0b TO THE SPECIFIED SPRITE BLOCK. geos USES SPRITE BLOCKS 40 TO 47. fUNCTION nAME: cursof pURPOSE: tURN OFF TEXT CURSOR. cALL ADDRESS: $c29e oUTPUT: $84b4 bIT 6 IS CLEARED. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: curson dESCRIPTION: sPRITE 1 (geos'S TEXT CURSOR) IS TURNED OFF, BIT 6 OF LOCATION $84b4 IS RESET. tHE BLINK RATE IS SET TO 60 (ONCE PER SECOND). fUNCTION nAME: curson pURPOSE: tURN ON TEXT CURSOR. cALL ADDRESS: $c29b iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $84be-$84bf cOLUMN TO PLACE CURSOR IN. $84c0 rOW TO PLACE CURSOR ON. oUTPUT: $84b4 bIT 6 IS SET. dESCRIPTION: tURNS ON SPRITE 1 AND POSITIONS IT. iT ALSO SETS BIT 6 OF LOCATION $84b4. tHE BLINK RATE IS SET TO 60, ONCE PER SECOND. sPRITE 1 IS THE TEXT CURSOR FOR geos. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-19 fUNCTION nAME: cwidth pURPOSE: rETURNS THE WIDTH OF A CHARACTER. cALL ADDRESS: $c1c9 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE ascii VALUE OF THE CHARACTER. oUTPUT: a tHE WIDTH OF THE CHARACTER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SIMPLY TAKES THE DIFFERENCE OF THE BIT STREAM INDICES TO GET THE CHARACTERS WIDTH. tHE DELETE CHARACTER HAS ITS WIDTH LOADED FROM $8807. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY charst. fUNCTION nAME: cwrite pURPOSE: cONDITIONALLY WRITE A SECTOR TO DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c223 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 tRACK NUMBER. $05 sECTOR NUMBER. $0a-$0b pOINTER TO DATA BUFFER. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: dsetup eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHE FIRST THING THIS ROUTINE DOES IS TRY TO READ THE DESIRED SECTOR. iF THE READ SUCCEEDS, NOTHING HAPPENS. tHREE ATTEMPTS ARE MADE AT THE READ. aFTER THESE READ ATTEMPTS, THE SECTOR IS WRITTEN TO THE DISK, BY CALLING write2. iF THE WRITE SUCCEEDED WITHOUT ANY ERRORS, THEN THE ROUTINE RESTARTS ITSELF. iT WILL MAKE FIVE ATTEMPTS AT THIS LOOP. iF AFTER FIVE ATTEMPTS, THE SECTOR CAN NOT BE READ RELIABLY, AN ERROR 39 RESULTS. tHIS ROUTINE IS USUALLY CALLED AFTER THE SECTOR HAS BEEN WRITTEN OUT WITH A CALL TO write2. write CALLS THIS ROUTINE TO VERIFY THE SECTOR. fUNCTION nAME: dec16 pURPOSE: dECREMENTS A 16 BIT VALUE. cALL ADDRESS: $c175 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT INTEGER. oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT RESULT. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x POINTS TO A 16 BIT VALUE WHICH IS DECREMENTED BY 1. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-20 fUNCTION nAME: decode pURPOSE: cOMPUTE A CHECKSUM FOR A DATA REGION. cALL ADDRESS: $c20e iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO DATA REGION. $04-$05 lENGTH OF REGION. oUTPUT: $06-$07 cHECKSUM OF REGION. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY THE BOOTUP ROUTINES TO COMPUTE THE CHECKSUM OF geos boot. tHIS CHECKSUM IS USED TO CREATE THE INTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESS. tHE REASON FOR THIS WAS TO PREVENT PIRACY. tHIS CAN BE USED TO CHECK THE INTEGRITY OF A MEMORY REGION. tHIS IS ACTUALLY MORE OF A crc COMPUTATION THEN A CHECKSUM AND THE FORMULA IS A LITTLE TOO COMPLEX TO EXPLAIN HERE. fUNCTION nAME: delay pURPOSE: sETS UP A TIME DELAY. cALL ADDRESS: $c199 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 aMOUNT OF TIME DELAY VALUE IN 60THS OF A SECOND. dESCRIPTION: tHE COUNTER IS SAVED ON A STACK, AS WELL AS THE RETURN ADDRESS OF THE CALLER. cONTROL IS PASSED BACK A LEVEL HIGHER THAN THE CALLER. wHEN THE TIMER RUNS OUT, CONTROL WILL RETURN WHERE IT LEFT OFF. tHIS ALLOWS PROGRAMS TO INCORPORATE DELAYS WITHOUT HALTING geos'S MANY INDEPENDANT PROCESSES. tHIS AND cmdtbl APPEAR TO BE THE BEGINNINGS OF MULTITASKING FOR geos. fUNCTION nAME: delet2 pURPOSE: dELETE A TEMPORARY FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c244 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08-$09 pOINTER TO TABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS. $0e-$0f pOINTER TO FILE NAME. eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE REMOVES THE FILE FROM THE DIRECTORY. iT USES THE TABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS TO FREE UP THE SECTORS USED BY THE FILE. tHIS ROUTINE IS USED TO CLEAN UP A TEMPORARY FILE THAT WAS NOT COMPLETED. fUNCTION nAME: delete pURPOSE: dELETE A FILE FROM THE DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c238 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO FILE NAME. eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHE SPECIFIED FILE IS DELETED FROM THE CURRENT DRIVE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-21 fUNCTION nAME: dirdsk pURPOSE: cREATES A DIRECTORY ENTRY ON THE DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c1f0 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $14-$15 $8100, REQUIRED. $16 # OF DIRECTORY SECTORS TO SKIP FIRST. $8100-$81ff iNFORMATION SECTOR FOR FILE. $8300- tRACK AND SECTOR LIST FOR FILE. oUTPUTS: $8400-$841d dIRECTORY ENTRY. dIRECTORY ENTRY IS WRITTEN TO THE DISK. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: falloc eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS USED BY save AND CALLS dirmem. bECAUSE OF THIS, ASSUMPTIONS ARE MADE. tHE FIRST IS THAT THE INFORMATION SECTOR IS AT $8100-$81ff AND THAT $14-$15 POINT THERE. tHE FIRST TWO BYTES OF THE INFORMATION SECTOR ARE THE ADDRESS OF THE FILENAME. tHESE ARE RESET BY THIS ROUTINE TO $00, $ff. aNOTHER ASSUMPTION MADE BY THIS ROUTINE IS THAT $8300 IS A LIST OF USEABLE TRACKS AND SECTORS; SPECIFICALLY, $8300-$8301 ARE THE TRACK AND SECTOR FOR THE INFORMATION SECTOR AND $8302-$8303 ARE THE TRACK AND SECTOR OF THE FIRST SECTOR OF THE FILE. fUNCTION nAME: dirmem pURPOSE: cREATE A DIRECTORY ENTRY IN MEMORY. cALL ADDRESS: $c1f3 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $14-$15 $8100, REQUIRED. $8100-$81ff iNFORMATION SECTOR FOR FILE. $8300- tRACK AND SECTOR LIST FOR FILE. oUTPUTS: $8400-$841d dIRECTORY ENTRY. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: falloc eRRORS: sEE APPENDIX dESCRIPTION: sEE dirdsk FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF ALL THE ASSUMPTIONS MADE BY THIS ROUTINE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-22 fUNCTION nAME: draw pURPOSE: dRAW A SECTION OF A CODED GRAPHIC IMAGE. cALL ADDRESS: $c2aa iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO GRAPHIC IMAGE DATA. $04 cOLUMN TO START ON, IN BYTES. $05 rOW TO START DRAWING THE IMAGE ON. $06 iMAGE WIDTH IN BYTES. $07 iMAGE HEIGHT IN PIXELS $18 # BYTES TO SKIP ON THE LEFT SIDE. $19 # BYTES ON THE RIGHT SIDE. $1a-$1b # ROWS TO SKIP DOWN. dESCRIPTION: tHE CODING OF THE IMAGE IS THE SAME AS THAT OF THE CLICK BOXES, SEE cbox FOR MORE INFORMATION. tHIS ROUTINE SEEMS TO BE FOR DRAWING PIECES OF pHOTO sCRAPS. pHOTO sCRAPS HAVE THIS CODED FORMAT. tHE PARAMETERS FOR THIS ROUTINE ALLOW A SECTION OF THE IMAGE TO BE DRAWN BY SPECIFYING HOW MANY ROWS TO SKIP DOWN,AS WELL AS HOW MANY BYTES TO SKIP ON THE LEFT AND THE RIGHT OF THE DESIRED SECTION. tHIS IS NOT USED BY geoPAINT UNLESS geoPAINT CONVERTS ITS FILES BECAUSE THEY ARE IN A DIFFERENT FORMAT; HOWEVER, pHOTO sCRAPS ARE IN THIS FORMAT. fUNCTION nAME: draw2 pURPOSE: dRAW A SECTION OF A CODED GRAPHIC IMAGE. cALL ADDRESS: $c2c5 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO GRAPHIC IMAGE DATA. $04 cOLUMN TO START ON, IN BYTES. $05 rOW TO START DRAWING THE IMAGE ON. $06 iMAGE WIDTH IN BYTES. $07 iMAGE HEIGHT IN PIXELS $18 # BYTES TO SKIP ON THE LEFT SIDE. $19 # BYTES ON THE RIGHT SIDE. $1a-$1b # ROWS TO SKIP DOWN. $1c-$1d fIRST USER VECTOR. $1e-$1f sECOND USER VECTOR. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS IDENTICAL TO draw, EXCEPT THAT BEFORE EACH BYTE IS READ, THE FIRST USER ROUTINE IS CALLED. tHE SECOND USER ROUTINE IS CALLED BEFORE READING EACH BYTE THAT IS NOT PART OF A PATTERN (cOMMAND BYTES GREATER THAN 219). tHESE USER ROUTINES MIGHT BE FOR DISK READING, IN ORDER TO DRAW AN IMAGE THAT IS NOT MEMORY RESIDENT. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-23 fUNCTION nAME: drawch pURPOSE: dRAWS A CHARACTER. cALL ADDRESS: $c202 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE ascii VALUE OF THE CHARACTER. $05 rOW TO PRINT ON (1 ABOVE THE UNDERLINE). $18-$19 cOLUMN TO PRINT IN. $33 tHE TOP MARGIN (uSUALLY 0). $34 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN (uSUALLY 199). dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS NOT EXACTLY THE SAME AS dspchr. tHIS ROUTINE DOES NOT PROCESS CONTROL CHARACTERS AT ALL. iT ALSO DOES NOT CHECK LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS AT ALL. iT ONLY CHECKS TOP AND BOTTOM MARGINS SO THAT IT STAYS ON SCREEN. fUNCTION nAME: drvnam pURPOSE: cOMPUTE THE ADDRESS OF THE DISK'S NAME. cALL ADDRESS: $c298 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x aDDRESS TO PLACE POINTER IN. $8489 cURRENT DRIVE NUMBER. oUTPUT: lOCATION IN ZERO PAGE POINTED TO BY x HAS THE ADDRESS OF THE CURRENT DRIVE'S NAME. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: opndsk dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COMPUTES THE ADDRESS OF THE CURRENT DRIVE'S NAME BY MULTIPLYING THE DRIVE NUMBER (MINUS 8) BY 18, THEN THE OFFSET OF $841e IS ADDED TO THAT. tHE RESULT OF THE COMPUTATION IS STORED AT THE ZERO PAGE ADDRESS IN x. fUNCTION nAME: drvset pURPOSE: sET CURRENT DRIVE. cALL ADDRESS: $c2b0 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a dEVICE NUMBER OF DRIVE (8-11). oUTPUT: $ba sET TO NEW DEVICE NUMBER. $8489 sET TO NEW DRIVE NUMBER. dESCRIPTION: iF THE DRIVE BEING SPECIFIED IS NOT THE CURRENT DRIVE THEN clrrdy IS CALLED TO CLEAR THE CURRENT DRIVE. tHEN LOCATIONS $ba AND $8489 ARE SET TO THE NEW DRIVE NUMBER. nO OTHER LOCATIONS ARE AFFECTED, NOR IS ANYTHING ACTUALLY DONE WITH THE DRIVE. fUNCTION nAME: drwmnu pURPOSE: rEDRAWS THE PRESENT MENU. cALL ADDRESS: $c193 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE REDRAWS THE CURRENT MENU. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-24 fUNCTION nAME: dsetup pURPOSE: sETS UP A DRIVE WITH TURBODOS. cALL ADDRESS: $c214 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8489 cURRENT DRIVE NUMBER. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE INITIALIZES THE CURRENT DRIVE, SENDING TURBODOS IF NECESSARY. iT THEN CAUSES THE DRIVE TO RUN TURBODOS. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY SEVERAL OF THE DISK i/o ROUTINES, MOST NOTABLY ARE read AND write. uPON INITIALIZING THE DRIVE, THE DRIVE'S STATUS BYTE IS SET TO THE APPROPRIATE VALUE. tHE STATUS BYTES ARE STORED AT $8492-$8495 AND HAVE THE FOLLOWING BIT DEFINITIONS: bIT 7 tURBODOS IS LOADED. bIT 6 tURBODOS IS RUNNING. fUNCTION nAME: dspchr pURPOSE: dISPLAYS A CHARACTER ON THE SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c145 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE CHARACTER TO BE PRINTED. $02-$03 pOINTER TO EXTRA DATA (uSED BY A FEW CONTROL CHARACTERS, NOT NEEDED OTHERWISE). $05 tHE ROW FOR PRINTING (1 ABOVE THE UNDERLINE). $18-$19 tHE COLUMN TO START PRINTING. $33 tHE TOP MARGIN (uSUALLY 0). $34 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN (uSUALLY 199). $35-$36 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $37-$38 tHE RIGHT MARGIN. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: selbsw OR font eRRORS: bRANCHES THROUGH $84ab-$84ac IF RIGHT MARGIN IS EXCEEDED. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE DISPLAYS A CHARACTER IN A GIVEN LOCATION IN THE CURRENT FONT AND STYLE. tHE STYLE BYTE IN LOCATION $2e IS CODED AS FOLLOWS: bIT dESCRIPTION 7 uNDERLINE 6 bOLDFACE 5 rEVERSED 4 iTALICS 3 oUTLINED eITHER selbsw OR font MUST BE CALLED PRIOR TO USING THIS ROUTINE, IN ORDER TO SET UP THE FONT POINTERS. selbsw IS CALLED DURING geos'S BOOTUP PROCEDURE, AS WELL AS BY THE MENU PROCESSOR. sEVERAL CONTROL CHARACTERS HAVE SPECIAL PROPERTIES. tHOSE WHICH REQUIRE A DATA POINTER ARE MARKED WITH AN ASTERISK. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-25 cONTROL cHARACTER tABLE cTRL-h dELETE PREVIOUS CHARACTER. cTRL-i tAB. cTRL-j mOVE STRAIGHT DOWN A LINE. cTRL-k sET TEXT CURSOR TO 0,0. cTRL-l mOVE STRAIGHT UP A LINE. cTRL-m mOVE TO THE BEGINNING OF THE NEXT LINE. cTRL-n tURN ON UNDERLINING. cTRL-o tURN OFF UNDERLINING. * cTRL-p fOLLOWED BY A TABLE SUITABLE FOR grphic. cTRL-r tURN ON REVERSE VIDEO. cTRL-s tURN OFF REVERSE VIDEO. * cTRL-t fOLLOWED BY 2 BYTES WHICH SPECIFY THE NEW COLUMN. * cTRL-u fOLLOWED BY A BYTE WHICH SPECIFIES THE NEW ROW. * cTRL-v fOLLOWED BY 3 BYTES WHICH SPECIFY THE NEW PRINT POSITION. * cTRL-w sKIPS THE NEXT 3 BYTES. cTRL-x tURN ON bOLDFACE. cTRL-y tURN ON iTALICS. cTRL-z tURN ON oUTLINE. cTRL- tURN OFF ALL EFFECTS, RETURN TO PLAIN TEXT. tHOSE ENTRIES MARKED WITH AN ASTERISK (*) SHOULD ONLY BE USED FROM dsptxt BECAUSE THEY REQUIRE $02-$03 TO BE A POINTER TO GET EXTRA DATA. aS WITH grphic, cTRL-p MUST BE THE LAST COMMAND BECAUSE THE ZERO BYTE THAT TERMINATES grphic WILL TERMINATE dsptxt. fUNCTION nAME: dspnum pURPOSE: dISPLAY AN UNSIGNED 16 BIT INTEGER. cALL ADDRESS: $c184 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a cONTROL VALUE (sEE DESCRIPTION). $02-$03 tHE VALUE TO BE DISPLAYED. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE CONVERTS THE VALUE AT $02-$03 TO DECIMAL ascii AND DISPLAYS IT USING dspchr. tHE CONTROL VALUE IN a IS DEFINED AS FOLLOWS: BIT 7 0 - RIGHT JUSTIFY THE NUMBER. 1 - LEFT JUSTIFY THE NUMBER, IE. NO JUSTIFY. BIT 6 0 - PRINT LEADING ZEROES. 1 - SKIP LEADING ZEROES. BITS 0-5 tHE FIELD WIDTH IN PIXELS FOR RIGHT JUSTIFICATION. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-26 fUNCTION nAME: dsptx2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO dsptxt, BUT WITH INLINE CODE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1ae iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $35-$36 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $37-$38 tHE RIGHT MARGIN. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: selbsw OR font eRRORS: bRANCHES THROUGH $84ab-$84ac IF RIGHT MARGIN IS EXCEEDED. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE CREATES A POINTER TO THE TEXT, CALLS dsptxt, THEN RETURNS TO THE CODE IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE TEXT. jsr dsptx2 .word tHE COLUMN TO START PRINTING IN .byte rOW FOR LINE OF PRINT (1 ABOVE THE UNDERLINE) .byte tEXT TO BE DISPLAYED .byte 0 cONTROL RETURNS HERE AFTER TEXT IS PRINTED. fUNCTION nAME: dsptxt pURPOSE: dISPLAYS AN ENTIRE STRING OF TEXT. cALL ADDRESS: $c148 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO TEXT STRING. $05 tHE ROW FOR PRINTING (1 ABOVE THE UNDERLINE). $18-$19 tHE COLUMN IN WHICH TO START PRINTING. $33 tHE TOP MARGIN (uSUALLY 0). $34 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN (uSUALLY 199). $35-$36 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $37-$38 tHE RIGHT MARGIN. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: selbsw OR font eRRORS: bRANCHES THROUGH $84ab-$84ac IF RIGHT MARGIN IS EXCEEDED. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE CALLS dspchr TO DISPLAY EACH CHARACTER IN A STRING. tHE STRING IS TERMINATED BY A ZERO BYTE. fUNCTION nAME: enable pURPOSE: eNABLES A RECURRING TIMED EVENT. cALL ADDRESS: $c106 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE INDEX INTO THE COMMAND TABLE AT $8719. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: cmdtbl dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE ENABLES A SPECIFIC TIMER IN THE TABLE AT $8719 BY RESETTING BITS 5 AND 6 IN THE COMMAND TABLE. iT ALSO COPIES THE INITIAL VALUE INTO THE TIMER TABLE AT $87f1. tHE COMMAND TABLE MUST HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY SET UP BY A CALL TO cmdtbl. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-27 fUNCTION nAME: eramns pURPOSE: eRASES ALL OPEN MENUS. cALL ADDRESS: $c157 pREPARATORY ROUTINES: menu dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE ERASES ALL OF THE MENUS. iT CALLS eramnu REPEATEDLY TO ACCOMPLISH THIS. iT THEN SETS THE MENU LEVEL COUNTER ($84b7) TO $00. fUNCTION nAME: eramnu pURPOSE: eRASES THE CURRENT MENU FROM THE SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c154 pREPARATORY ROUTINES: menu dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE WILL ERASE THE CURRENT MENU. iT DOES not POP UP A LEVEL. iT SIMPLY ERASES IT FROM THE SCREEN. iF THE VECTOR AT $84b1 WAS SET, THEN THAT IS THE ROUTINE CALLED TO ERASE THE MENU; OTHERWISE, A BLANK PATTERN IS SELECTED WITH setpat AND pfill IS CALLED. tHE DEFAULT SETTING FOR $84b1 IS copyb. fUNCTION nAME: exertn pURPOSE: fORCES A TIMED EVENT TO EXECUTE,REGARDLESS OF ITS TIMER. cALL ADDRESS: $c109 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE INDEX INTO THE COMMAND BYTE TABLE AT $8719. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: cmdtbl dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS BIT 7 OF A SPECIFIC COMMAND BYTE IN THE TABLE AT $8719. tHIS SIMULATES THE TIMER HAVING RUN OUT. fUNCTION nAME: falloc pURPOSE: aLLOCATE ENOUGH SECTORS FOR A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1fc iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06-$07 nUMBER OF BYTES TO BE SAVED. $0a-$0b aDDRESS OF BUFFER FOR TRACK AND SECTOR LIST. oUTPUT: bUFFER IS FILLED WITH A SET OF TRACKS AND SECTORS. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: gIVEN A BYTE COUNT AND A POINTER TO A BUFFER, THIS ROUTINE ATTEMPTS TO ALLOCATE ENOUGH SECTORS. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED PRIOR TO SAVING A FILE. tHE TRACK AND SECTOR LIST IS NOT LIMITED IN LENGTH, AVAILABLE DISK SPACE NOT WITHSTANDING. tHE LIST IS TERMINATED WITH A TRACK NUMBER OF ZERO AND THE APPROPRIATE BYTE COUNT IN THE SECTOR LOCATION. nOTE IF AN ERROR OCCURS DURING THE ALLOCATION, THE SECTORS ALREADY ALLOCATED ARE NOT FREED UP. eITHER THIS MUST BE DONE OR THE DISK MUST BE VALIDATED. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-28 fUNCTION nAME: faloc2 pURPOSE: aLLOCATE ENOUGH SECTORS FOR A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c24d iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06-$07 nUMBER OF BYTES TO BE SAVED. $08 tRACK TO START LOOKING FROM. $09 sECTOR TO START LOOKING FROM. $0a-$0b aDDRESS OF BUFFER FOR TRACK AND SECTOR LIST. oUTPUT: bUFFER IS FILLED WITH A SET OF TRACKS AND SECTORS. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ALMOST IDENTICAL TO falloc. aS A MATTER OF FACT, falloc FALLS INTO THIS ROUTINE AFTER SETTING $08- $09 TO POINT TO TRACK 1 SECTOR 0. tHIS ROUTINE ALLOWS THE USER TO SPECIFY WHERE ON THE DISK TO START LOOKING FOR FREE SECTORS, POSSIBLY SPEEDING THINGS UP. fUNCTION nAME: font pURPOSE: cHANGE THE CURRENT FONT. cALL ADDRESS: $c1cc iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO FONT HEADER IN MEMORY. oUTPUT: $26 # PIXELS ABOVE LINE OF PRINT. $27-$28 tHE NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE BIT STREAM. $29 tHE POINT SIZE. $2a-$2b pOINTER TO THE TABLE OF THE BIT STREAM INDICES. $2c-$2d pOINTER TO THE BIT STREAM. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SIMPLY COPIES THE HEADER BLOCK FROM THE FONT TO ZERO PAGE. tHIS MAKES THE FONT THE CURRENT FONT FOR ALL CHARACTER OUTPUT. (sEE dspchr, dsptxt AND dsptx2). fUNCTION nAME: forbid pURPOSE: dISABLES THE EXECUTION OF A TIMED EVENT. cALL ADDRESS: $c10c iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE INDEX INTO THE COMMAND TABLE AT $8719. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: cmdtbl dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS BIT 6 OF A SPECIFIC COMMAND BYTE IN THE TABLE AT $8719. tHIS PREVENTS THE ASSOCIATED ROUTINE FROM EXECUTING, REGARDLESS OF ITS TIMER. tHIS DOES not STOP THE TIMER FROM RUNNING. iF THE TIMER RUNS OUT WHILE THE ROUTINE IS DISABLED, WHEN THE TIMER IS REENABLED, THE ASSOCIATED ROUTINE WILL BE EXECUTED. tHIS ROUTINE IS THE COMPLEMENT TO permit. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-29 fUNCTION nAME: free pURPOSE: dEALLOCATES ALL OF A FILE'S SECTORS. cALL ADDRESS: $c226 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $14-$15 pOINTER TO DIRECTORY ENTRY. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: lookup (pOINTER MUST BE COPIED). eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: gIVEN THE DIRECTORY ENTRY OF A FILE, ALL OF ITS SECTORS ARE RETURNED TO THE FREE POOL. tHE DIRECTORY POINTER SHOULD BE POINTING TO THE DIRECTORY ENTRY AT $8400 AND NOT THE POINTER RETURNED BY lookup. tHIS IS DUE TO MEMORY CONFLICTS THAT WILL ARISE. tHIS ROUTINE USES $8000-$82ff FOR ITS BUFFER AREAS. fUNCTION nAME: geosck pURPOSE: cHECKS IF A DISK IS geos FORMAT OR NOT. cALL ADDRESS: $c1de iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $0c-$0d pOINTER TO BUFFER WITH TRACK 18 SECTOR 0. oUTPUT: z sET IF NON-geos, RESET IF geos FORMAT. a,$848b $00 IF NON-geos, $ff IF geos FORMAT. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE EXPECTS THAT TRACK 18 SECTOR 0 HAS ALREADY BEEN READ. iT COMPARES 11 BYTES, STARTING WITH THE 173RD, AGAINST 'geos FORMAT'. iT SETS $848b SO THAT THE CURRENT DRIVE IS KEPT TRACK OF. fUNCTION nAME: getbyt pURPOSE: rEAD A BYTE FROM A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c2b6 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $0c iNDEX OF LAST BYTE IN BUFFER. $0d iNDEX TO NEXT CHARACTER IN BUFFER. $0a-$0b pOINTER TO DISK BUFFER. oUTPUT: a cHARACTER THAT WAS READ. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHE INITIAL SECTOR MUST HAVE BEEN READ BECAUSE THE FIRST TWO BYTES IN THE BUFFER ARE USED TO FIND THE NEXT TRACK AND SECTOR. bYTES ARE READ FROM THE BUFFER UNTIL THERE ARE NO MORE, THEN THE NEXT SECTOR IS READ FROM THE DISK. tHIS CAN CONTINUE UNTIL THE LAST CHARACTER OF THE LAST SECTOR IS READ. aFTER THIS AN ERROR 11 (eND OF FILE) WILL BE RETURNED. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-30 fUNCTION nAME: getin pURPOSE: gET A KEY FROM THE KEYBOARD. cALL ADDRESS: $c2a7 oUTPUT: a cHARACTER OR $00 IF THERE ARE NONE. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TAKES A KEY FROM THE KEYBOARD BUFFER, IF THERE IS ONE. iF THERE ARE NO CHARACTERS IN THE BUFFER, THEN A ZERO IS RETURNED. fUNCTION nAME: goto pURPOSE: gET A SPECIFIC vlir CHAIN. cALL ADDRESS: $c280 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a vlir CHAIN NUMBER. oUTPUT: y tRACK OF vlir CHAIN. $04 tRACK OF vlir CHAIN. $05 sECTOR OF vlir CHAIN. $8496 sET TO a. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE GETS THE TRACK AND SECTOR OF A SPECIFIC CHAIN IN THE OPEN vlir FILE. iT DOES NOT CHECK TO SEE IF THE CHAIN EXISTS (IE. TRACK IS ZERO). iT DOES CHECK IF THIS CHAIN IS GREATER THAN ZERO AND LESS THAN THE NUMBER OF vlir CHAINS (lOCATION $8497). vlir CHAINS ARE NUMBERED FROM 0 TO n-1, WHERE n IS THE NUMBER OF CHAINS. fUNCTION nAME: grphc2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO grphic, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c1a8 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TAKES AN INLINE DATA TABLE, CREATES A POINTER TO IT, THEN CALLS grphic TO PROCESS IT. sEE pfill2 FOR AN EXAMPLE OF INLINE DATA TABLES. fUNCTION nAME: grphic pURPOSE: pROCESS SEVERAL GRAPHICS COMMANDS DESIGNATED BY A TABLE. cALL ADDRESS: $c136 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO THE TABLE OF COMMANDS. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE EXECUTES THE GRAPHIC COMMANDS PRESENT IN A TABLE. tHIS ROUTINE IS USED BY dspchr (cONTROL-p),dsptxt (bY CALLING dspchr), AND window (cOMMAND 15). tHE FOLLOWING TABLE DESCRIBES THE AVAILABLE COMMANDS. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-31 gRAPHIC cOMMAND tABLE cOMMAND #bYTES dESCRIPTION 0 1 sTOP, END OF TABLE. 1 4 sET COLUMN AND ROW VARIABLES. 2 4 dRAW A LINE. 3 4 pATTERN FILL A REGION. 4 1 nO OPERATION. 5 2 sET FILL PATTERN. 6 4+ sET POSITION AND DISPLAY TEXT. must be LAST COMMAND BECAUSE THE ZERO BYTE THAT ENDS THE TEXT ALSO ENDS THIS COMMAND TABLE. 7 4 dRAW A SOLID LINED BOX. 8 3 aDD AN OFFSET TO COLUMN VARIABLE. 9 2 aDD AN OFFSET TO ROW VARIABLE. 10 4 aDD OFFSETS TO BOTH COLUMN AND ROW VARIABLES. cOMMAND 1 IS USED TO SET THE COLUMN AND ROW VARIABLES USED BY ALL OF THE OTHER COMMANDS WHICH REQUIRE TWO POINTS. tHE FORMAT OF THE COMMANDS IS THAT ALL OF THE NECESSARY DATA FOLLOWS THE COMMAND BYTE. fOR EXAMPLE, THE COMMANDS TO ERASE THE ENTIRE SCREEN WOULD LOOK LIKE THIS: .byte $05,$00 .byte $01 .word 0 .byte 0 .byte $03 .word 320 .byte 199 .byte $00 iN THE CASE OF COMMAND 6, AFTER THE COLUMN AND ROW BYTES IN THE COMMAND COMES THE TEXT THAT IS TO BE DISPLAYED. fOR EXAMPLE: .byte $06 .word 50 .byte 50 .byte 'hELLO WORLD!' .byte $00 fUNCTION nAME: hline pURPOSE: dRAWS A HORIZONAL LINE ON THE SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c118 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE ACTUAL BIT PATTERN FOR THE LINE. $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. $18 tHE ROW NUMBER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE DRAWS A HORIZONTAL LINE ON THE HIRES SCREEN IN A GIVEN PATTERN. sEE ALSO rowadr. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-32 fUNCTION nAME: hole pURPOSE: fIND A HOLE IN THE DIRECTORY, OR MAKE ONE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1f6 oUTPUT: y iNDEX OF HOLE IN BUFFER. $04 dIRECTORY TRACK NUMBER (sHOULD BE 18). $05 dIRECTORY SECTOR NUMBER. $16 # DIRECTORY SECTORS TO SKIP FIRST. $8000-$80ff bUFFER FOR DIRECTORY SECTOR. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SCANS THE DISK'S DIRECTORY LOOKING FOR A DELETED FILE, BY FIRST SKIPPING A CERTAIN NUMBER OF SECTORS. tHIS ALLOWS THE USER TO FIND A HOLE IN A GIVEN DIRECTORY PAGE. iF ONE IS NOT FOUND IN ANY OF THE AVAILABLE DIRECTORY SECTORS, THEN A NEW SECTOR IS ADDED TO THE DIRECTORY. fUNCTION nAME: indjmp pURPOSE: cONDITIONAL JUMP. cALL ADDRESS: $c1d8 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE HIGH BYTE OF THE JUMP VECTOR. x tHE LOW BYTE OF THE JUMP VECTOR. dESCRIPTION: iF a AND x ARE ZERO, THE JUMP IS NOT PERFORMED. iF a AND x ARE NONZERO, THE JUMP IS PERFORMED. fUNCTION nAME: init01 pURPOSE: pART OF geos'S BOOTUP PROCESS. cALL ADDRESS: $c271 dESCRIPTION: iNITIALIZES THE vic CHIP AND THE i/o CHIPS. sOME GLOBAL MEMORY IS ALSO INITIALIZED. iT ALSO RESETS THE PREFERENCES AND ALL THE DRIVES. tHE DEFAULT DRIVE IS RESET BY A CALL TO dsetup. fUNCTION nAME: initdv pURPOSE: iNITIALIZES A DRIVE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1e1 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 tRACK TO POSITION THE DISK DRIVE HEAD AT. $05 sECTOR TO POSITION THE DISK DRIVE HEAD AT. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: mAKES SURE THAT CURRENT DRIVE HAS TURBODOS RUNNING. iT ALSO POSITIONS THE HEAD OVER A PARTICULAR SECTOR. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-33 fUNCTION nAME: initms pURPOSE: iNITIALIZES THE MOUSE. cALL ADDRESS: $c14e iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: c FLAG cLEAR IF THE MOUSE POSITION SHOULD NOT BE SET. c FLAG sET IF THE MOUSE POSITION SHOULD BE SET. y tHE ROW POSITION FOR THE MOUSE (OPTIONAL). $18-$19 tHE COLUMN POSITION FOR THE MOUSE (OPTIONAL). dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TURNS ON THE MOUSE AND POSITIONS IT IF DESIRED. iF THE COLUMN IS SET TO 0, THE MOUSE IS NOT POSITIONED EVEN IS THE c FLAG IS SET. iT ALSO SETS UP THE BUTTON PRESSED VECTOR $84a1-$84a2 AND THE CLOSE MENU VECTOR $84a7-$84a8. iT ALSO CLEARS THE FLAG AT $84b6. tHIS ROUTINE DOES NOT ACTUALLY TURN ON THE MOUSE. iT CALLS mouson TO RESET BIT 7 OF LOCATION $30; THIS WILL CAUSE geos'S INTERRUPT ROUTINES TO TURN ON THE MOUSE. fUNCTION nAME: input pURPOSE: iNPUT A LINE OF TEXT FROM THE USER. cALL ADDRESS: $c1ba iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 aDDRESS OF TEXT AND BUFFER. $04 fLAG BYTE ($87d3). $05 rOW TO PRINT TEXT ON (1 ABOVE THE UNDERLINE). $06 mAXIMUM LENGTH OF INPUT. $0a-$0b vECTOR FOR USER ROUTINE FOR RIGHT MARGIN EXCEEDED (OPTIONAL). $18-$19 cOLUMN TO START PRINTING TEXT AT. $84a3-$84a4 aDDRESS FOR cr ENTERED. oUTPUT: $24-$25 pOINTER TO TEXT BUFFER (COPIED FROM $02-$03). bUFFER WILL BE MODIFIED ACCORDING TO THE USER'S INPUT. $84a3-$84a4 cLEARED TO $0000. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS RATHER POWERFUL. iT DISPLAYS A LINE OF TEXT, IF THERE WAS ANY TEXT TO DISPLAY. tHEN THE TEXT CURSOR IS TURNED ON. sEVERAL OF THE JUMP VECTORS ARE USED. $84ab-$84ac IS THE VECTOR FOR THE RIGHT MARGIN BEING EXCEEDED. $84a9-$84aa IS THE VECTOR FOR A CHARACTER BEING TYPED. $84a3- $84a4 IS THE VECTOR FOR cr ENTERED. aFTER EVERYTHING IS SET UP, CONTROL RETURNS TO THE CALLER; HOWEVER, THE INPUT IS HANDLED BY THE INTERRUPT DRIVERS. wHEN A cr IS ENTERED, CONTROL GOES THROUGH THE VECTOR AT $84a3-$84a4. tHE FLAG BYTE AT LOCATION $04 IS COPIED TO $87d3 AND HAS THE FOLLOWING PROPERTY: iF BIT 7 IS SET, THEN USE THE USER'S ROUTINE WHOSE ADDRESS IS STORED AT LOCATIONS $0a-$0b FOR THE RIGHT MARGIN IS EXCEEDED ROUTINE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-34 fUNCTION nAME: insert pURPOSE: iNSERT A NEW CHAIN IN A vlir FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c286 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8496 cURRENT CHAIN NUMBER. oUTPUT: $8497 iNCREMENTED BY 1. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: a HOLE IS OPENED UP IN THE vlir SECTOR STARTING WITH THE CURRENT CHAIN. tHE HOLE IS FILLED WITH $00,$ff. tHIS REPRESENTS A NULL CHAIN. fUNCTION nAME: intbm pURPOSE: iNTELLIGENT BLOCK MOVE. cALL ADDRESS: $c17e iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 tHE SOURCE ADDRESS. $04-$05 tHE DESTINATION ADDRESS. $06-$07 tHE LENGTH OF THE REGION TO BE MOVED. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE WILL PERFORM AN INTELLIGENT, IE. NONCONFLICTING, BLOCK MOVE OF MEMORY. iF AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO MOVE A BLOCK OF MEMORY TO A DESTINATION THAT IS WITHIN THE BLOCK, THE TRANSFER IS DONE FROM BACK TO FRONT SO AS TO PREVENT THE CONFLICT, OR 'RIPPLE EFFECT'. fUNCTION nAME: intbm2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO intbm, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c1b7 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE USES THE INLINE DATA TO SET EVERYTHING UP BEFORE CALLING intbm. fOR EXAMPLE: jsr intbm2 .word sOURCE ADDRESS .word dESTINATION ADDRESS .word lENGTH OF TRANSFER cONTROL RETURNS HERE UPON COMPLETION. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-35 fUNCTION nAME: inuse pURPOSE: cHECK IF A DISK SECTOR IS IN USE. cALL ADDRESS: $c2ad iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $0e tRACK TO BE CHECKED. $0f sECTOR TO BE CHECKED. $8200-$82ff tRACK 18 SECTOR 0, bam BUFFER. oUTPUT: x iNDEX INTO bam OF THE APPROPRIATE BYTE. z FLAG sET IF THE SECTOR IS IN USE. $11 iNDEX TO TRACK'S DATA IN bam. $13 bIT MASK FOR THE DESIRED SECTOR. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: rd180 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS USED BY alloc TO TEST IF A SECTOR IS ALREADY IN USE. fUNCTION nAME: invbox pURPOSE: iNVERTS THE PIXELS IN A BOX. cALL ADDRESS: $c12a iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06 tHE TOP MARGIN. $07 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN. $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE REVERSES THE PIXELS IN A GIVEN BOX BY REPEATEDLY CALLING invlin. sEE ALSO rowadr. fUNCTION nAME: invlin pURPOSE: iNVERTS A HORIZONAL LINE ON THE SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c11b iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. $18 tHE ROW NUMBER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE REVERSES THE PIXELS ON A HORIZONTAL LINE ON THE HIRES SCREEN. iF THE PIXEL WAS ON IT WILL NOW BE OFF; IF IT WAS OFF IT WILL NOW BE TURNED ON. sEE ALSO rowadr. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-36 fUNCTION nAME: irqrtn pURPOSE: hANDLES SEVERAL ITEMS THAT OCCUR AT REGULAR TIMED INTERVALS. cALL ADDRESS: $c100 oUTPUTS: sEE DESCRIPTION dESCRIPTION: geos SETS UP THE RASTER INTERRUPT ON THE vic CHIP TO CAUSE AN INTERRUPT EVERY SIXTIETH OF A SECOND. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY geos AFTER EACH INTERRUPT. fIRST IT READS THE INPUT DEVICE AND UPDATES THE MOUSE'S POSITION, TURNING IT ON IF NECESSARY. iT THEN SCANS THE COMMAND TABLE AT $8719 TO SEE IF ANY OF THE COMMAND BYTES HAVE BOTH BITS 4 AND 5 RESET. iF SO, IT THEN DECREMENTS THE ASSOCIATED COUNTER AT $86f1. iF THE COUNTER REACHES ZERO, ITS VALUE IS RESET AND BIT 7 OF THE ASSOCIATED COMMAND BYTE IS SET. tHIS WILL CAUSE THE APPROPRIATE SUBROUTINE TO BE EXECUTED THE NEXT TIME THE TABLE IS POLLED. tHE NEXT PART OF THIS ROUTINE IS TO DECREMENT ALL NONZERO COUNTERS IN THE STACK AT $877f. tHE ROUTINE TO BLINK THE TEXT CURSOR IS CALLED NEXT. fINALLY, THE RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR AT $850a IS UPDATED. fUNCTION nAME: lchain pURPOSE: lOAD MEMORY FROM DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c1ff iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 iNITIAL TRACK NUMBER. $05 iNITIAL SECTOR NUMBER. $06-$07 bYTE COUNT OF LOAD. $10-$11 lOAD ADDRESS. oUTPUT: $0c iNDEX TO LAST SECTOR LOADED. $8300- lIST OF TRACKS AND SECTORS TRACK WERE LOADED. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: loadad eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE ASSUMES THAT THE FILE HAS BEEN LOCATED IN THE DIRECTORY AND THAT THE INITIAL TRACK AND SECTOR ARE KNOWN. fUNCTION nAME: ldswap pURPOSE: rELOAD THE swapfile. cALL ADDRESS: $c23e pREPARATORY ROUTINES: loadsw eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE RELOADS THE swapfile, THEN DELETES IT. tHE LAST WINDOW DESCRIPTION IS REPROCESSED TO RESTORE THE SCREEN AND CONTROL IS RETURNED TO THE ORIGINAL PROGRAM THAT CALLED loadsw. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-37 fUNCTION nAME: line pURPOSE: dRAWS, ERASES OR COPIES A LINE ON THE HIRES SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c130 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: n FLAG c fLAG oPERATION 1 x cOPY 0 1 dRAW 0 0 eRASE $08-$09 tHE COLUMN FOR THE FIRST ENDPOINT. $0a-$0b tHE COLUMN FOR THE SECOND ENDPOINT. $18 tHE ROW FOR THE FIRST ENDPOINT. $19 tHE ROW FOR THE SECOND ENDPOINT. dESCRIPTION: tHIS IS A VERY VERSATILE ROUTINE. iT CAN COPY AN ARBITRARY LINE FROM ONE SCREEN TO ANOTHER, AS WELL AS DRAW OR ERASE LINES. tHIS ROUTINE PLACES NO RESTRICTIONS ON THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE ENDPOINTS. tHIS ROUTINE CALLS plot TO PLOT THE POINTS. sEE ALSO rowadr. fUNCTION nAME: load pURPOSE: lOAD AND RUN A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c208 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02 fLAG BYTE (sEE DESCRIPTION). $06-$07 oPTIONAL DATA POINTER. $08-$09 oPTIONAL DATA POINTER. $0e-$0f pOINTER TO FILENAME. $10-$11 lOAD ADDRESS (OPTIONAL). oUTPUT: $8100-$81ff iNFO SECTOR FOR FILE. $8300-$83ff tABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS THAT WERE LOADED. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE LOADS AND RUNS A GIVEN FILE. tHE FILE MUST BE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING geos TYPES: sYSTEM fILE dESK aCCESSORY aPPLICATION aPPLICATION dATA pRINTER dRIVER iNPUT dRIVER tHE EXECUTION ADDRESS IS TAKEN FROM THE INFORMATION SECTOR. iF IT IS ZERO, THE FILE IS NOT EXECUTED, ONLY LOADED. vlir FILES HAVE ONLY THEIR FIRST CHAIN LOADED. dESK aCCESSORIES SWAP OUT THE MEMORY THAT THEY USE TO THE swapfile. uPON COMPLETION, THE swapfile IS RELOADED. tHE FLAG BYTE AT LOCATION $02 HAS TWO PURPOSES. tHIS FIRST IS IF BIT 0 IS SET AND THE FILE WAS AN APPLICATION, THEN IT IS NOT EXECUTED. aLSO IF BIT 0 IS SET, THEN LOCATIONS $10-$11 HAVE THE LOAD ADDRESS; OTHERWISE, THE LOAD ADDRESS IS TAKEN FROM THE INFORMATION SECTOR. tHIS BIT DOES NOT APPLY TO dESK aCCESSORIES. iF EITHER BIT 6 OR 7 ARE SET, THEN $06-$07 POINTS TO 16 BYTES WHICH ARE COPIED TO $8453 (dISK NAME FOR DRIVE 10), AND $07-$08 POINT TO 16 BYTES WHICH ARE COPIED TO $8442 (dISK NAME FOR DRIVE 11). geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-38 fUNCTION nAME: load2 pURPOSE: lOAD A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c211 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $14-$15 pOINTER TO DIRECTORY ENTRY. $886b fLAG BYTE. $886c-$886d lOAD ADDRESS. oUTPUT: $8100-$81ff iNFO SECTOR FOR FILE. $8300-$83ff tABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS THAT WERE LOADED. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: lookup (pOINTER MUST BE COPIED) eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY load TO PERFORM THE LOAD. tHIS ROUTINE DOES NOT TRY TO EXECUTE THE FILE LOADED, NOR IS IT LIMITED TO THE FILE TYPES THAT load IS. hOWEVER, THIS ROUTINE CAN NOT BE USED TO LOAD nON-geos FILES BECAUSE THE INFO SECTOR MUST BE PRESENT. iF BIT 0 OF LOCATION $886b IS SET, THEN THE LOAD ADDRESS IS TAKEN FROM LOCATIONS $886c-$886d INSTEAD OF THE INFO SECTOR. tHE DIRECTORY ENTRY POINTER SHOULD POINT TO $8400 AND NOT THE POINTER RETURNED BY lookup. tHIS IS DUE TO MEMORY CONFLICTS THAT WILL ARISE. fUNCTION nAME: load3 pURPOSE: lOAD AND POSSIBLY RUN A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c21d $02 fLAG BYTE (sEE DESCRIPTION). $06-$07 oPTIONAL DATA POINTER. $08-$09 oPTIONAL DATA POINTER. $0e-$0f pOINTER TO FILENAME. $10-$11 lOAD ADDRESS (OPTIONAL). oUTPUT: $8100-$81ff iNFO SECTOR FOR FILE. $8300-$83ff tABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS THAT WERE LOADED. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY load TO LOAD aPPLICATION FILES. lIKE load2, THIS ROUTINE IS NOT LIMITED TO ANY PARTICULAR FILE TYPE, EXCEPT THAT IT ALSO CAN NOT LOAD A nON-geos FILE. sEE load FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THE FLAG BYTE, DATA POINTERS AND LOAD ADDRESS. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-39 fUNCTION nAME: loadad pURPOSE: gET THE LOAD ADDRESS OF A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c229 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $14-$15 pOINTER TO DIRECTORY ENTRY. oUTPUT: $04 tRACK OF FILE'S FIRST SECTOR. $05 sECTOR OF FILE'S FIRST SECTOR. $10-$11 lOAD ADDRESS FOR FILE. $8100-$81ff iNFO SECTOR FOR FILE. $8300-$8301 tRACK AND SECTOR OF INFO SECTOR. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE LOADS THE INFO SECTOR FOR A FILE INTO THE BUFFER AT $8100. tHE LOAD ADDRESS IS SET FROM $8147-$8148. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY ALL THE LOAD ROUTINES. fUNCTION nAME: loadsw pURPOSE: lOAD AND RUN A FILE USING THE swapfile. cALL ADDRESS: $c217 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $14-$15 pOINTER TO DIRECTORY ENTRY. oUTPUT: $8100-$81ff iNFO SECTOR FOR FILE (mODIFIED). $8300-$83ff lIST OF TRACKS AND SECTORS THAT WERE LOADED. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: lookup (pOINTER MUST BE COPIED). eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS USED TO LOAD dESK aCCESSORIES. tHE INFO SECTOR IS LOADED TO DETERMINE THE NECESSARY MEMORY REGION. tHIS REGION IS SAVED TO A FILE CALLED 'swapfile', WHOSE INFO SECTOR IS THE SAME AS THE FILE TO BE LOADED. tHE DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE TEXT FIELD IS CLEARED, AND THE FILE TYPE IS sYSTEM FILE (tYPE 4). ldswap MUST BE EVENTUALLY CALLED TO RELOAD THE swapfile AND RETURN TO NORMAL OPERATION. tHE DIRECTORY ENTRY POINTER SHOULD POINT TO $8400, AND THE POINTER RETURNED BY lookup. tHIS IS DUE TO MEMORY CONFLICTS THAT WILL ARISE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-40 fUNCTION nAME: lookup pROCEDURE: lOOKUP A FILENAME IN THE DIRECTORY. cALL ADDRESS: $c20b iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $0e-$0f pOINTER TO FILENAME. $886e fLAG BYTE. oUTPUT: $04 tRACK FOR DIRECTORY SECTOR. $05 sECTOR FOR DIRECTORY SECTOR. $0c-$0d pOINTER TO FILE NAME ENTRY. $8000-$80ff dIRECTORY SECTOR. $8400-$841d cOPY OF DIRECTORY ENTRY. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS IS A VERY USEFUL ROUTINE. gIVEN A TEXT STRING OF A FILENAME, THIS ROUTINE WILL FIND IT IN THE DIRECTORY. iF THE FLAG BYTE AT $886e IS $00, THEN BOTH DRIVES 8 AND 9 WILL BE SCANNED IF NECESSARY. iF THE FLAG IS $ff, THEN THE LOOKUP IS ONLY TO THE CURRENT DRIVE. iF THERE IS ONLY ONE DRIVE, THEN THIS FLAG HAS NO EFFECT. tHE DIRECTORY SECTOR IS LOADED INTO A BUFFER AT $8000, AND THE TRACK AND SECTOR ARE IN LOCATIONS $04 AND $05. tHE PARTICULAR DIRECTORY ENTRY IS COPIED TO $8400 AND THE POINTER TO THE ENTRY IN THE BUFFER IS STORED AT $0c-$0d. fUNCTION nAME: main pURPOSE: eNTERS geos'S MAIN LOOP. cALL ADDRESS: $c1c3 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $849b-$849C aDDRESS OF USER'S ADDITION TO geos'S MAIN LOOP (OPTIONAL). dESCRIPTION: tHIS LOOP DOES WHATEVER POLLING IS NEEDED. fIRST THE BUTTON IS CHECKED, AS WELL AS THE KEYBOARD AND THE MOUSE'S POSITION. tHE COMMAND TABLE AT $8719 (sEE cmdtbl) IS SCANNED FOR EXECUTABLE ROUTINES. tHEN THE COUNTERS AT $877f (sEE delay) ARE CHECKED; THOSE THAT HAVE REACHED ZERO HAVE THEIR ASSOCIATED ROUTINES EXECUTED. tHE MEMORY IMAGE OF THE CLOCK IS UPDATED. tHEN THE ALARM CLOCK IS CHECKED. fINALLY, THE USER'S ADDITION TO THE MAIN LOOP, IF THERE IS ONE, IS EXECUTED. tHIS LOOP CONTINUES FOREVER. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-41 fUNCTION nAME: makcur pURPOSE: mAKES A VERTICAL BAR CURSOR SPRITE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1c0 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE HEIGHT OF THE CURSOR MINUS 1 (0-41) oUTPUT: sPRITE BLOCK #41 ($8a40-$8a7e) IS MADE INTO A VERTICAL BAR OF A GIVEN HEIGHT. dESCRIPTION: gIVEN THE DESIRED HEIGHT, A VERTICAL BAR IS CREATED IN THE SPRITE BLOCK. iF THE HEIGHT IS GREATER THAN 21, THEN THE HEIGHT IS HALVED AND THE SPRITE IS y-EXPANDED. nO CHECK IS PERFORMED ON THE HEIGHT. iF A HEIGHT GREATER THAN 41 IS USED THEN THE MEMORY FOR NEXT FEW SPRITES WILL BE AFFECTED. fUNCTION nAME: masl pURPOSE: 16 BIT MULTIPLE ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFTS. cALL ADDRESS: $c15d iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: y tHE SHIFT COUNT. x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT VALUE TO BE SHIFTED. oUTPUT: x rESULT OF SHIFTS. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x HAS THE ADDRESS OF A 16 BIT INTEGER IN ZERO PAGE, WHICH IS TO BE SHIFTED LEFT BY THE COUNT IN y. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-42 fUNCTION nAME: menu pURPOSE: dRAWS AND SETS EVERYTHING UP FOR PULL DOWN MENUS AND SUBMENUS. cALL ADDRESS: $c151 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a mENU OPTION TO POSITION MOUSE ON (0 TO #OPTIONS-1) $02-$03 pOINTER TO THE MENU DESCRIPTOR. dESCRIPTION: tHIS IS AN extremely POWERFUL ROUTINE. iT DOES everything FOR MENU PROCESSING. oNCE CONTROL RETURNS TO THE PROGRAM THAT CREATED THE MENU, THE PROGRAM CAN RETURN TO THE geos MAIN LINE, OR DO ANYTHING ELSE. iT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT MENUS ONLY APPEAR ON SCREEN 1. lOCATION $2f IS SAVED AND RESTORED DURING THE DRAWING PHASE. tHE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS ARE ALSO LEFT UNALTERED. tHE FOLLOWING IS A DESCRIPTION OF A MENU DESCRIPTOR: #BYTES dESCRIPTION 1 tOP MARGIN OF ENTIRE MENU. 1 bOTTOM MARGIN OF ENTIRE MENU. 2 lEFT MARGIN OF ENTIRE MENU. 2 rIGHT MARGIN OF ENTIRE MENU. 1 cODE BYTE: BIT 7 - VERTICAL MENU. BIT 6 - SET SECONDARY BOX DESCRIPTOR TO FULL SCREEN; THIS ALLOWS THE MOUSE TO BE MOVED OUTSIDE OF A MENU WITHOUT CAUSING IT TO BE CLOSED. BITS 0-4 - # ENTRIES IN MENU. tHIS IS FOLLOWED BY SETS OF 5 BYTES; AS MANY AS THERE ARE ENTRIES. 2 aDDRESS OF THE TEXT FOR THIS OPTION. 1 cODE BYTE WHICH DESCRIBES WHAT TO DO WITH THE ADDRESS THAT FOLLOWS: BIT 7 - OPERAND IS THE ADDRESS OF A SUBMENU DESCRIPTOR. BIT 6 - CALL SUBROUTINE, IT MUST RETURN A RESULT IN $02-$03 WHICH IS EITHER 0 OR THE ADDRESS OF THE NEXT SUBMENU. iF NEITHER BIT IS SET, THEN WHEN THIS OPTION IS SELECTED IT WILL FLASH BEFORE THE ROUTINE IS EXECUTED. cONTROL DOES NOT RETURN TO THE MENU PROCESSOR. 2 aDDRESS OF EITHER A SUBMENU DESCRIPTOR OR A ROUTINE TO BE EXECUTED. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-43 fUNCTION nAME: mlsr pURPOSE: 16 BIT MULTIPLE LOGICAL SHIFT RIGHTS. cALL ADDRESS: $c262 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: y tHE SHIFT COUNT. x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT VALUE TO BE SHIFTED. oUTPUT: x rESULT OF SHIFTS. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x HAS THE ADDRESS OF A 16 BIT INTEGER IN ZERO PAGE, WHICH IS TO BE SHIFTED RIGHT BY THE COUNT IN y. fUNCTION nAME: mousof pURPOSE: tURNS OFF THE MOUSE. cALL ADDRESS: $c18d dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE RESETS BIT 7 OF LOCATION $30, AND ACTUALLY TURNS OFF THE MOUSE SPRITE. fUNCTION nAME: mouson pURPOSE: tURNS ON THE MOUSE. cALL ADDRESS: $c18a dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS BIT 7 OF LOCATION $30. tHE INTERRUPT ROUTINES WILL TURN ON THE MOUSE WHEN IT TRIES TO UPDATE ITS POSITION. fUNCTION nAME: neg16 pURPOSE: nEGATES A 16 BIT VALUE. cALL ADDRESS: $c172 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT INTEGER oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT RESULT. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x POINTS TO A 16 BIT VALUE WHICH IS NEGATED. tHE VALUE OF x IS NOT AFFECTED. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-44 fUNCTION nAME: next pURPOSE: mOVE TO NEXT vlir CHAIN. cALL ADDRESS: $c27a oUTPUT: y tRACK OF vlir CHAIN. $04 tRACK OF vlir CHAIN. $05 sECTOR OF vlir CHAIN. $8496 iNCREMENTED BY 1. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE GETS THE TRACK AND SECTOR OF THE NEXT CHAIN IN THE OPEN vlir FILE. iT DOES NOT CHECK TO SEE IF THE CHAIN EXISTS (IE. TRACK IS ZERO). iT DOES CHECK IF THIS CHAIN IS IN RANGE (AGAINST $8497). fUNCTION nAME: numblk pURPOSE: cOUNTS THE NUMBER OF FREE BLOCKS IN THE bam THAT IS IN ram. cALL ADDRESS: $c1db iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $0c-$0d pOINTER TO BUFFER WITH TRACK 18 SECTOR 0. oUTPUT: $0a-$0b tHE NUMBER OF FREE BLOCKS. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: rd180 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE EXPECTS THAT THE bam HAS ALREADY BEEN READ INTO MEMORY. aLL THAT IT DOES IS ADD UP THE NUMBER OF FREE BLOCKS IN EACH TRACK. fUNCTION nAME: opndsk pURPOSE: oPENS A DISK TO geos. cALL ADDRESS: $c2a1 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8489 cURRENT DRIVE NUMBER. oUTPUT: $848b $00/$ff gEOS FORMAT OR NOT. $841e-$8465 aPPROPRIATE BUFFER WILL HAVE DISK'S NAME. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHE CURRENT DRIVE IS INITIALIZED BY CALLING initdv. geos FORMAT IS CHECKED FOR, AND THE DISK'S NAME IS COPIED INTO THE APPROPRIATE BUFFER AT $841e-$8465. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-45 fUNCTION nAME: opnser pURPOSE: oPEN SERIAL COMMUNICATION. cALL ADDRESS: $c25c eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS UP THE i/o PORTS FOR HIGH SPEED SERIAL COMMUNICATION WITH THE DISK DRIVES. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED PRIOR TO CALLING read2, write2 OR cwrite. fUNCTION nAME: pbox pURPOSE: dRAWS THE OUTLINE OF A RECTANGULAR BOX IN A GIVEN PATTERN. cALL ADDRESS: $c127 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE ACTUAL BIT PATTERN FOR THE BOX. $06 tHE TOP MARGIN. $07 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN. $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE DRAWS THE OUTLINE OF A RECTANGULAR BOX IN A GIVEN PATTERN. tHIS ROUTINE CALLS hline AND vline TO DRAW THE OUTLINE. sEE ALSO rowadr. fUNCTION nAME: pbox2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO pbox, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c1a2 dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE DRAWS A SOLID OUTLINE OF A BOX, WHICH IS DESCRIBED BY INLINE CODE. sEE pfill2 FOR AN EXAMPLE. fUNCTION nAME: permit pURPOSE: eNABLES THE EXECUTION OF A TIMED EVENT. cALL ADDRESS: $c10f iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE INDEX INTO THE COMMAND TABLE AT $8719. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: cmdtbl dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE RESETS BIT 6 OF A SPECIFIC COMMAND BYTE IN THE TABLE AT $8719. tHIS ALLOWS THE ASSOCIATED ROUTINE TO BE EXECUTED WHEN ITS TIMER RUNS OUT. iF THE TIMER HAD RUN OUT WHILE THE ROUTINE WAS DISABLED, geos WILL EXECUTE THE ROUTINE WHEN IT GETS TO IT. tHIS IS THE COMPLEMENT TO forbid. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-46 fUNCTION nAME: pfill pURPOSE: fILLS A RECTANGULAR BOX WITH A SELECTED DESIGN. cALL ADDRESS: $c124 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06 tHE TOP MARGIN. $07 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN. $08-$09 tHE LEFT MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: setpat dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE FILLS A RECTANGULAR BOX IN A GIVEN DESIGN. tHIS ROUTINE CALLS hline REPEATEDLY. sEE ALSO rowadr. fUNCTION nAME: pfill2 pURPOSE: iDENTICAL TO pfill, BUT WITH INLINE DATA. cALL ADDRESS: $c19f pREPARATORY ROUTINES: setpat dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS IDENTICAL TO pfill EXCEPT THAT DATA THAT DESCRIBES THE BOX IS PART OF THE INLINE CODE. fOR EXAMPLE: jsr pfill2 .byte tOP MARGIN .byte bOTTOM MARGIN .word lEFT MARGIN .word rIGHT MARGIN cONTROL RETURNS HERE AFTER BOX IS FILLED. fUNCTION nAME: plot pURPOSE: dRAWS, ERASES OR COPIES A PIXEL ON THE HIRES SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c133 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: n FLAG c fLAG oPERATION 1 x cOPY 0 1 dRAW 0 0 eRASE $08-$09 tHE COLUMN NUMBER. $18 tHE ROW NUMBER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS IS A VERY VERSATILE ROUTINE. iT CAN COPY A POINT FROM ONE SCREEN TO ANOTHER, AS WELL AS DRAW OR ERASE IT. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY line TO DRAW LINES. sEE ALSO rowadr. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-47 fUNCTION nAME: posspr pURPOSE: sETS THE POSITION OF A SPRITE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1cf iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08 sPRITE NUMBER (0-7). $0a-$0b sPRITE x POSITION. $0c sPRITE y POSITION. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: copysp dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COPIES THE SPRITE'S POSITION TO THE vic CHIP, RELIEVING THE USER OF THE BURDEN OF HANDLING THE CROSSOVER IN THE SCREEN FROM COLUMN 255 TO COLUMN 256. fUNCTION nAME: prev pURPOSE: mOVE TO PREVIOUS vlir CHAIN. cALL ADDRESS: $c27d oUTPUT: y tRACK OF vlir CHAIN. $04 tRACK OF vlir CHAIN. $05 sECTOR OF vlir CHAIN. $8496 dECREMENTED BY 1. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE GETS THE TRACK AND SECTOR OF THE PREVIOUS CHAIN IN THE OPEN vlir FILE. iT DOES NOT CHECK TO SEE IF THE CHAIN EXISTS (IE. TRACK IS ZERO). iT DOES CHECK IF THIS CHAIN IS GREATER THAN ZERO. fUNCTION nAME: random pURPOSE: mODIFIES THE RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR AT $850a-$850b. cALL ADDRESS: $c187 oUTPUT: $850a-$850b nEW SEED VALUE. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE CHANGES THE 16 BIT RANDOM NUMBER AT $850a-$850b, USING A SIMPLE YET ELABORATE FORMULA. fUNCTION nAME: rd180 pURPOSE: rEAD TRACK 18, SECTOR 0 FROM THE DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c247 oUTPUT: $04 $12, TRACK NUMBER. $05 $00, SECTOR NUMBER. $0a-$0b $8200, ADDRESS OF BUFFER AREA. $8200-$82ff dATA FROM TRACK 18 SECTOR 0. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS UP THE POINTERS FOR read, THEN CALLS IT TO READ THE SECTOR. tHIS IS GENERALLY USED TO GET THE bam INTO MEMORY. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-48 fUNCTION nAME: read pURPOSE: rEAD A GIVEN TRACK AND SECTOR. cALL ADDRESS: $c1e4 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 tRACK OF SECTOR TO BE READ. $05 sECTOR NUMBER TO BE READ. $0a-$0b pOINTER TO BUFFER. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: lOADS AND RUNS TURBODOS IF IT IS NOT ALREADY THERE. tHEN READS THE DESIRED BLOCK FROM THE DISK INTO THE BUFFER. fUNCTION nAME: read2 pURPOSE: rEAD A SECTOR FROM THE DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c21a iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 tRACK TO BE READ. $05 sECTOR TO BE READ. $0a-$0b pOINTER TO BUFFER FOR DATA. oUTPUT: dATA IS READ INTO THE DESIRED BUFFER. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: dsetup eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY read TO READ A SECTOR. tHE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THIS ROUTINE AND read IS THAT read CALLS dsetup BEFORE TRYING TO READ THE SECTOR. tHIS ROUTINE ASSUMES THAT THE DRIVE IS READY WITH TURBODOS RUNNING. fUNCTION nAME: reboot pURPOSE: rEBOOT geos. cALL ADDRESS: $c000 eRRORS: iF LOAD FAILS, SYSTEM RESETS TO basic. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS NOT PART OF THE NORMAL geos kernal JUMP TABLE. tHIS IS THE ROUTINE THAT IS SET UP AS THE nmi INTERRUPT (restore KEY) BY geos WHEN geos RETURNS TO basic. iT LOADS 'geos boot', AND EXECUTES IT. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-49 fUNCTION nAME: remove pURPOSE: rEMOVE A vlir CHAIN. cALL ADDRESS: $c283 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8496 vlir CHAIN NUMBER. oUTPUT: $8496 dECREMENTED IF GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO $8497. $8497 dECREMENTED BY 1. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHE CURRENT vlir CHAIN IS REMOVED FROM THE vlir SECTOR, AND ALL THE FOLLOWING CHAINS ARE MOVED DOWN ONE. tHE SECTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THAT CHAIN ARE FREED UP. fUNCTION nAME: rename pURPOSE: rENAME A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c259 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO NEW FILE NAME. $0e-$0f pOINTER TO OLD FILE NAME. oUTPUT: $04 tRACK OF DIRECTORY SECTOR. $05 sECTOR OF DIRECTORY SECTOR. $0c-$0d pOINTER TO FILE NAME IN DIRECTORY ENTRY. $8400-$841d cOPY OF OLD DIRECTORY ENTRY. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE RENAMES A FILE BY CALLING lookup, THEN COPYING THE NEW NAME INTO THE ENTRY. fINALLY, THE SECTOR IS REWRITTEN TO THE DISK. fUNCTION nAME: resetm pURPOSE: rESET THE MOUSE. cALL ADDRESS: $c19c dESCRIPTION: tHE FLAG AT LOCATION $30 IS SET TO $00, AND THE MOUSE SPRITE IS TURNED OFF. hOWEVER, SINCE BIT 7 OF LOCATION $30 IS NOT SET, THE NEXT INTERRUPT WILL TURN IT BACK ON. fUNCTION nAME: restrt pURPOSE: rESTART desktop. cALL ADDRESS: $c22c dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE LOADS desktop AND RUNS IT. iT IS CALLED AS THE LAST PART OF THE BOOTUP PROCEDURE. tHIS IS WHERE A PROGRAM SHOULD TERMINATE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-50 fUNCTION nAME: rowadr pURPOSE: cOMPUTES THE ADDRESS OF A GIVEN ROW ON THE HIRES SCREENS. cALL ADDRESS: $c13c iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE ROW NUMBER. $2f sEE DESCRIPTION. oUTPUT: $0c-$0d pOINTER TO THE ROW ON THE DESTINATION SCREEN. $0e-$0f pOINTER TO THE ROW ON THE SOURCE SCREEN. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE COMPUTES THE ADDRESS OF COLUMN 0 ON A GIVEN ROW OF THE HIRES SCREENS. aLL OF THE GRAPHICS ROUTINES RELY ON THIS ROUTINE TO GET THE ADDRESS OF THE HIRES SCREENS. tHEY ALL TAKE THE DATA POINTED TO BY $0e-$0f AND STORE THEIR DATA TO BOTH $0c-$0d AND $0e-$0f. lOCATION $2f DETERMINES WHICH SCREEN IS POINTED TO BY WHICH POINTER. tHIS IS AS FOLLOWS: bIT 7 bIT 6 $0c-$0d $0e-$0f 0 0 $af00 $af00 aPPROXIMATELY THE MIDDLE OF SCREEN 1 0 1 sCREEN 2 sCREEN 2 1 0 sCREEN 1 sCREEN 1 1 1 sCREEN 1 sCREEN 2 (dEFAULT AT RESET) fUNCTION nAME: run pURPOSE: eXECUTE A PROGRAM ALREADY IN MEMORY. cALL ADDRESS: $c22f iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02 fLAG BYTE. $06-$07 dATA POINTER (OPTIONAL). $08-$09 dATA POINTER (OPTIONAL). $10-$11 sTART ADDRESS. oUTPUT: $06-$07 pOINTER TO DRIVE NAME 2. $08-$09 pOINTER TO DRIVE NAME 3. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE PERFORMS SOME INITIALIZATIONS BEFORE EXECUTING A LOADED PROGRAM. iF EITHER BIT 6 OR BIT 7 OF THE FLAG BYTE AT LOCATION $02 IS SET, THEN THE DATA POINTED TO BY $06-$07 AND $08-$09 ARE COPIED INTO THE BUFFERS FOR THE 3RD AND 4TH DRIVE NAMES. tHESE DATA BLOCKS ARE LIMITED TO 16 BYTES EACH. tHE INITIALIZATION PROCESS SELECTS THE bsw FONT AND INITIALIZES ALL OF geos'S GLOBAL VARIABLES. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-51 fUNCTION nAME: save pURPOSE: sAVE MEMORY TO A FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1ed iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $14-$15 pOINTER TO INFORMATION SECTOR DATA. $16 # DIRECTORY SECTORS TO SKIP FIRST. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE WILL SAVE MEMORY TO A FILE; EACH SECTOR IS VERIFIED AFTER THE WRITE IS FINISHED. tHE INFO SECTOR HAS ALL THE NECESSARY INFORMATION. IE. START AND STOP ADDRESSES, FILE TYPE AND STRUCTURE. iT MUST ALSO CONTAIN THE ADDRESS OF THE FILENAME STRING SOMEWHERE IN MEMORY, IN THE FIRST TWO BYTES. iF THE FILE IS A vlir FILE, THE MEMORY IS SAVED TO CHAIN 0. lOCATION $16 SPECIFIES THE NUMBER OF DIRECTORY SECTORS TO SKIP FOR dirdsk AND hole. fUNCTION nAME: save2 pURPOSE: sAVE MEMORY TO SPECIFIED SECTORS ON THE DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c1f9 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $0e-$0f pOINTER TO LIST OF TRACKS AND SECTORS TO USE. $10-$11 sTART ADDRESS OF MEMORY TO BE SAVED. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: falloc eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY save TO ACTUALLY SAVE THE MEMORY. aLL OF THE SECTORS SHOULD HAVE ALREADY BEEN ALLOCATED. tHIS ROUTINE STOPS SAVING MEMORY WHEN TRACK 0 IS FOUND IN THE LIST OF TRACKS AND SECTORS. fUNCTION nAME: sd1616 pURPOSE: sIGNED 16 BIT BY 16 BIT DIVISION. cALL ADDRESS: $c16c iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: y tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT DIVISOR. x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT DIVIDEND. oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT QUOTIENT. $12-$13 tHE 16 BIT REMAINDER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x AND y EACH HAVE THE ADDRESS OF A TERM IN THE DIVISION. bOTH TERMS ARE MADE POSITIVE WITH abs16. ud1616 IS THEN CALLED; IF THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION SHOULD BE NEGATIVE, neg16 IS CALLED. tHE QUOTIENT IS STORED IN PLACE OF THE ORIGINAL DIVIDEND THAT x POINTED TO. tHE DIVIDEND IS LEFT UNTOUCHED. tHE REMAINDER IS ALWAYS A POSITIVE INTEGER. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-52 fUNCTION nAME: selbsw pURPOSE: sELECTS THE bERKELEY sOFTWORKS FONT. cALL ADDRESS: $c14b oUTPUT: $26 # PIXELS ABOVE LINE OF PRINT. $27-$28 tHE NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE BIT STREAM. $29 tHE POINT SIZE. $2a-$2b tHE POINTER TO THE TABLE OF INDICES INTO THE BIT STREAM. $2c-$2d tHE POINTER TO THE BIT STREAM. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SIMPLY COPIES THE FONT HEADER DATA FOR THE bsw FONT TO ZERO PAGE FOR USE BY dspchr AND dsptxt. fUNCTION nAME: setpat pURPOSE: sETS THE CURRENT FILL PATTERN. cALL ADDRESS: $c139 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE PATTERN NUMBER (0-31). dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS THE FILL PATTERN USED BY pfill, pfill2, pbox AND pbox2. fUNCTION nAME: sproff pURPOSE: tURNS OFF A SPRITE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1d5 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08 sPRITE NUMBER (0-7). pREPARATORY ROUTINES: copysp, posspr, spron dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TURNS THE SPRITE OFF, SO THAT IT IS NO LONGER VISIBLE. fUNCTION nAME: spron pURPOSE: tURNS ON A SPRITE. cALL ADDRESS: $c1d2 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08 sPRITE NUMBER (0-7). pREPARATORY ROUTINES: copysp, posspr dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE TURNS THE SPRITE ON, SO THAT IT IS VISIBLE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-53 fUNCTION nAME: start pURPOSE: rESTARTS THE TIMER ON A TIMED EVENT. cALL ADDRESS: $c115 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE INDEX INTO THE COMMAND TABLE AT $8719. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: cmdtbl dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE RESETS BIT 5 OF A SPECIFIC COMMAND BYTE IN THE TABLE AT $8719. tHIS ENABLES THE ASSOCIATED COUNTER. tHIS ROUTINE IS THE COMPLEMENT TO stop. tHIS ROUTINE IS not A REPLACEMENT FOR enable. tHIS ROUTINE DOES NOT COPY THE TIMER'S INITIAL VALUE AS DOES enable. fUNCTION nAME: stop pURPOSE: sTOPS THE TIMER ON A TIMED EVENT. cALL ADDRESS: $c112 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x tHE INDEX INTO THE COMMAND TABLE AT $8719. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: cmdtbl dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS BIT 5 OF A SPECIFIC COMMAND BYTE IN THE TABLE AT $8719. tHIS PREVENTS THE ASSOCIATED TIMER FROM RUNNING. tHIS ROUTINE IS THE COMPLEMENT TO start. fUNCTION nAME: strcmp pURPOSE: cOMPARE TWO STRINGS FOR EQUALITY. cALL ADDRESS: $c26b iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x aDDRESS OF A ZERO PAGE POINTER. y aDDRESS OF A ZERO PAGE POINTER. oUTPUT: z FLAG sET ACCORDINGLY. dESCRIPTION: tHE x AND y REGISTERS POINT TO ZERO PAGE POINTERS. tHE TWO STRINGS ARE COMPARED UP TO A ZERO BYTE. tHE z FLAG IS SET ACCORDINGLY. fUNCTION nAME: strcpy pURPOSE: cOPY A STRING. cALL ADDRESS: $c265 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: x aDDRESS OF ZERO PAGE SOURCE POINTER. y aDDRESS OF ZERO PAGE DESTINATION POINTER. dESCRIPTION: tHE x AND y REGISTERS POINT TO ZERO PAGE POINTERS. dATA IS COPIED UP TO AND INCLUDING A ZERO BYTE. tHIS ROUTINE IS USED TO COPY STRINGS BY SETTING a TO ZERO AND CALLING blkmov. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-54 fUNCTION nAME: syserr pURPOSE: dRAW A SYSTEM ERROR WINDOW, AND HALT SYSTEM. cALL ADDRESS: $c2c2 dESCRIPTION: a WINDOW IS DRAWN WITH THE MESSAGE 'sYSTEM ERROR NEAR $XXXX', WHERE XXXX IS THE HEX ADDRESS OF THE jsr syserr INSTRUCTION. sINCE THE SYSTEM ERROR WINDOW HAS NO WAY OF BEING CLOSED, geos SIMPLY SITS IN ITS MAIN LOOP FOREVER. tHE brk VECTOR AT $84af-$84b0 IS INITIALLY SET TO THIS ROUTINE. fUNCTION nAME: table pURPOSE: cREATE A LIST OF FILENAMES. cALL ADDRESS: $c23b iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $0e-$0f pOINTER TO BUFFER AREA FOR FILE NAMES. $10 geos FILE TYPE. $11 mAXIMUM NUMBER OF FILE NAMES. $16-$17 pOINTER TO CLASS. oUTPUT: $11 nUMBER OF FILES NOT FOUND. tHE TABLE IS FILLED WITH FILENAMES. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS IS A VERY USEFUL ROUTINE. gIVEN A geos FILE TYPE, A LIST OF FILES WITH THAT TYPE IS CREATED. iF THE CLASS POINTER IS NON-ZERO THEN EACH FILE'S INFO SECTOR IS CHECKED FOR PROPER CLASS. tHIS IS HOW geoPAINT AND geoWRITE CAN BOTH CREATE aPPLICATION dATA FILES AND NOT SEE EACH OTHERS FILES. tHE FILENAMES ARE TEXT STRINGS WITH ZERO BYTE TERMINATORS. eACH ENTRY IS INDEXED WITH A MULTIPLE OF 17 (16 BYTE FILENAME MAX. PLUS ZERO BYTE). lOCATION $11 HAS THE NUMBER OF TABLE ENTRIES NOT FILLED. tO GET THE NUMBER OF FILES ACTUALLY FOUND, THIS VALUE MUST BE SUBTRACTED FROM THE ORIGINAL MAXIMUM BUFFER LENGTH. fUNCTION nAME: tbljmp pURPOSE: jUMP THROUGH A TABLE. cALL ADDRESS: $c2a4 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a oFFSET INTO TABLE. $3d-$3e tABLE ADDRESS. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY ALL OF THE ROUTINES THAT HAVE INLINE DATA. tHEY ALL SET $3d-$3e TO THE RETURN ADDRESS OF THE CALLER, INDEX OFF OF THIS POINTER TO GET THEIR DATA, THEN CALL THE APPROPRIATE ROUTINE. wHEN THE ROUTINE FINISHES, a IS LOADED WITH THE DATA TABLE'S LENGTH AND THIS ROUTINE IS CALLED TO RETURN CONTROL TO THE CALLER AFTER THE DATA TABLE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-55 fUNCTION nAME: test pURPOSE: tESTS THE VALUE OF A POINT ON THE HIRES SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c13f iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $08-$09 tHE COLUMN NUMBER. $18 tHE ROW NUMBER. oUTPUT: c FLAG IS SET TO THE VALUE OF THE PIXEL. dESCRIPTION: tESTS WHETHER OR NOT A GIVEN PIXEL IS ON OR NOT. tHE CARRY FLAG IS SET TO THE VALUE OF THE PIXEL. fUNCTION nAME: trace pURPOSE: cREATE A TABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS. cALL ADDRESS: $c205 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 iNITIAL TRACK NUMBER. $05 iNITIAL SECTOR NUMBER. $08-$09 aDDRESS OF TABLE TO BE CREATED. oUTPUT: tABLE POINTED TO BY $08-$09 IS FILLED WITH ALL THE TRACKS AND SECTORS LINKED TO THE INITIAL SECTOR. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: gIVEN AN INITIAL TRACK AND SECTOR, THIS ROUTINE TRACES A CHAIN AND RETURNS A LIST OF ALL THE TRACKS AND SECTORS ENCOUNTERED. tHIS ROUTINE USES THE BUFFER AT $8000-$80ff TO READ THE SECTORS. fUNCTION nAME: ud1616 pURPOSE: uNSIGNED 16 BIT BY 16 BIT DIVISION. cALL ADDRESS: $c169 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: y tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT DIVISOR. x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT DIVIDEND. oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT QUOTIENT. $12-$13 tHE 16 BIT REMAINDER. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x AND y EACH HAVE THE ADDRESS OF A TERM IN THE DIVISION. tHE QUOTIENT IS STORED IN PLACE OF THE ORIGINAL DIVIDEND THAT x POINTED TO. tHE DIVIDEND IS LEFT UNTOUCHED. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-56 fUNCTION nAME: um1616 pURPOSE: uNSIGNED 16 BIT BY 16 BIT MULTIPLY. cALL ADDRESS: $c166 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: y tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT MULTIPLIER. x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT MULTIPLICAND. oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT RESULT. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x AND y EACH HAVE THE ADDRESS OF A TERM IN THE MULTIPLICATION. tHE RESULT IS STORED IN PLACE OF THE ORIGINAL MULTIPLICAND THAT x POINTED TO. tHE MULTIPLIER POINTED TO BY y IS UNTOUCHED. fUNCTION nAME: um168 pURPOSE: uNSIGNED 8 BIT BY 16 BIT MULTIPLY. cALL ADDRESS: $c163 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: y tHE ADDRESS OF THE 8 BIT MULTIPLIER. x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT MULTIPLICAND. oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT PRODUCT. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x AND y EACH HAVE THE ADDRESS OF A TERM IN THE MULTIPLICATION. tHE RESULT IS STORED IN PLACE OF THE ORIGINAL MULTIPLICAND THAT x POINTED TO. tHE BYTE FOLLOWING THE MULTIPLIER IS SET TO ZERO, THEN CONTROL PASSES TO um1616. fUNCTION nAME: umul88 pURPOSE: uNSIGNED 8 BIT BY 8 BIT MULTIPLY. cALL ADDRESS: $c160 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: y tHE ADDRESS OF THE MULTIPLIER. x tHE ADDRESS OF THE MULTIPLICAND. oUTPUT: x tHE ADDRESS OF THE 16 BIT PRODUCT. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS ONE OF THE geos MATH ROUTINES. x AND y EACH HAVE THE ADDRESS OF A TERM IN THE MULTIPLICATION. tHE RESULT IS STORED IN PLACE OF THE ORIGINAL MULTIPLICAND THAT x POINTED TO. tHE VALUE THAT y POINTS TO IS LEFT UNTOUCHED. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-57 fUNCTION nAME: update pURPOSE: uPDATE A vlir FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c295 oUTPUT: $8498 cLEARED TO $00. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE WRITES THE OPEN vlir FILE'S vlir SECTOR TO DISK AND UPDATES THE FILE'S DIRECTORY ENTRY ON DISK (tIME, DATE AND FILE SIZE). tHIS OPERATION IS NOT PERFORMED IF LOCATION $8498 IS ZERO TO START WITH. tHAT LOCATION IS A FLAG THAT TELLS WHETHER THE FILE HAS BEEN ALTERED OR NOT. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY vclose. fUNCTION nAME: vclose pURPOSE: cLOSE A vlir FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c277 oUTPUT: $8873 cLEARED TO $00. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHE vlir SECTOR IS REWRITTEN TO THE DISK AND THE DIRECTORY IS UPDATED WITH A NEW TIME, DATE AND FILE SIZE BY CALLING update. lOCATION $8873 IS THE TRACK NUMBER OF THE vlir SECTOR. bY CLEARING IT, geos SAYS THAT THE FILE IS NO LONGER IN MEMORY. fUNCTION nAME: vline pURPOSE: dRAWS A VERTICAL LINE ON THE SCREEN. cALL ADDRESS: $c121 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: a tHE ACTUAL BIT PATTERN FOR THE LINE. $08 tHE TOP MARGIN. $09 tHE BOTTOM MARGIN. $0a-$0b tHE RIGHT MARGIN. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE DRAWS A VERTICAL LINE ON THE HIRES SCREEN IN A GIVEN PATTERN. sEE ALSO rowadr. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-58 fUNCTION nAME: vload pURPOSE: lOAD A vlir CHAIN. cALL ADDRESS: $c28c iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06-$07 mAXIMUM BYTE COUNT OF LOAD. $10-$11 lOAD ADDRESS. $8496 cURRENT CHAIN NUMBER. oUTPUT: $8302-$83ff tABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS THAT WERE LOADED. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE LOADS THE CURRENT CHAIN BY CALLING lchain. fUNCTION nAME: vopen pURPOSE: oPENS A vlir FILE. cALL ADDRESS: $c274 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO FILE NAME. oUTPUT: $04 tRACK OF vlir SECTOR. $05 sECTOR OF vlir SECTOR. $0c-$0d pOINTER TO FILE'S DIRECTORY ENTRY. $8100-$81ff fILE'S vlir SECTOR. $8496 iNITIAL CHAIN # (sHOULD BE 0). $8497 nUMBER OF CHAINS. $8498 cLEARED TO $00. (vlir FILE MODIFIED). $8499-$849a fILE SIZE. $886f tRACK OF FILE'S DIRECTORY ENTRY. $8870 sECTOR OF FILE'S DIRECTORY ENTRY. $8871-$8872 pOINTER TO DIRECTORY ENTRY. $8873 tRACK FOR vlir SECTOR. $8874 sECTOR FOR vlir SECTOR. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE OPENS A vlir FILE, AND SETS UP ALL THE VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH IT. oNLY ONE vlir FILE CAN BE OPEN AT A TIME DUE TO THE FACT THAT THESE VARIABLES ARE GLOBAL. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-59 fUNCTION nAME: vsave pURPOSE: sAVE MEMORY TO A vlir CHAIN. cALL ADDRESS: $c28f iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $06-$07 lENGTH OF SAVE. $10-$11 aDDRESS OF MEMORY TO BE SAVED. $8496 vlir CHAIN NUMBER. oUTPUT: $8300-$83ff tABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS THAT WERE SAVED TO. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: vopen eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SAVES A BLOCK OF MEMORY TO A vlir CHAIN. iF THE CHAIN ALREADY EXISTED, THEN IT IS DELETED FIRST. iF THE LENGTH OF THE SAVE IS 0, THEN NO SAVE IS PERFORMED. tHIS WOULD ALLOW THIS ROUTINE TO BE USED AS A DELETE CHAIN FUNCTION. fUNCTION nAME: whatis pURPOSE: wHO KNOWS? cALL ADDRESS: $c196 oUTPUT: $02-$03 vALUE FROM $9f27-$9f28 ($3e66). dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SEEMS TO HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO PURPOSE. iT COPIES A VECTOR FROM $9f27-$9f28 ($3e66) TO $02-$03. lOCATIONS $9f27 AND $9f28 ARE CHECKED BY ANOTHER ROUTINE AT BOOTUP. iF IT IS ZERO THEN THE FIRST vlir CHAIN OF THE KERNAL ($9000-$9fff) IS REWRITTEN TO THE DISK. tHIS MAY BE A REMNANT OF THE geos DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT OR IT MAY BE SOME KIND OF KERNAL VERSION NUMBER. tHE CODE LOOKS LIKE THIS: lda $9f28 sta $03 lda $9f27 sta $02 rts geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-60 fUNCTION nAME: window pURPOSE: pROCESS A WINDOW DESCRIPTOR. cALL ADDRESS: $c256 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 pOINTER TO WINDOW DESCRIPTOR. oUTPUT: $02 wINDOW COMMAND THAT CLOSED THE WINDOW. $851d wINDOW COMMAND THAT CLOSED THE WINDOW. dESCRIPTION: lIKE menu, THIS IS ANOTHER VERY POWERFUL ROUTINE. gIVEN A DESCRIPTION OF THE WINDOW'S COMMANDS, EVERYTHING GETS HANDLED. tHE FORMAT OF THE WINDOW DESCRIPTOR IS AS FOLLOWS: .byte wINDOW TYPE. bIT 7 wINDOW SIZE FOLLOWS; OTHERWISE, USE STANDARD WINDOW SIZE ROWS 40 TO 135, COLUMNS 72 TO 263. bITS 0-4 fILL PATTERN FOR SHADOW. iF ZERO, THEN NO SHADOW IS DRAWN. tHE FOLLOWING SIX BYTES ARE ONLY PRESENT IF BIT 7 OF THE WINDOW TYPE IS SET. .byte tOP MARGIN. .byte bOTTOM MARGIN. .word lEFT MARGIN. .word rIGHT MARGIN. .byte cOMMAND BYTES FOLLOWED BY WHATEVER DATA IS NEEDED. aLL THE CLICK BOX DESCRIPTORS ARE STORED IN A TABLE AT $880c, FOR geos TO PROCESS THEM. tHIS LIMITS THE NUMBER OF CLICK BOXES IN A WINDOW TO 8. sEVERAL MEMORY LOCATIONS ARE SAVED PRIOR TO PROCESSING THE WINDOW; ALSO THE STACK POINTER AND RETURN ADDRESS ARE SAVED. aFTER THE WINDOW IS DRAWN, CONTROL PASSES BACK TO main. clswin MUST BE CALLED TO RETURN TO THE CALLER. tHEREFORE IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT SOME MEANS OF CLOSING A WINDOW EXISTS, OTHERWISE A SITUATION LIKE syserr WILL OCCUR (sEE THE syserr ROUTINE FOR MORE INFO). tHE COMMAND THAT CLOSES THE WINDOW IS THE VALUE RETURNED TO THE USER. IE. IF A CLICK BOX CLOSES THE WINDOW THEN THE COMMAND NUMBER THAT DREW THE CLICK BOX IS RETURNED. hOWEVER IT IS THE USER'S ROUTINE'S RESPONSIBILITY TO SET THE VALUE OF LOCATION $851d IF A USER CLICK BOX IS TO CLOSE THE WINDOW. cOMMAND #13 IS ANOTHER ONE THAT CAN CLOSE THE WINDOW. uSER ROUTINES DO NOT HAVE TO CLOSE THE WINDOW BUT THEY MAY IF THEY SO DESIRE. tHE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF THE MEMORY ADDRESSES STORED BY THE WINDOW PROCESSOR: $22-$38 $849b-$84c0 $86c0-$87d3 $8ff8-$8fff $3f-$40 $d000-$d010 $d01b-$d01d $d025-$d026 $d015 $d028-$d02e geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-61 wINDOW pROCESSOR cOMMANDS 0 nO DATA. tHIS COMMAND ENDS THE WINDOW DESCRIPTOR. 1 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN BYTES AND THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS. dRAW AN 'ok' CLICK BOX. 2 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN BYTES AND THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS. dRAW A 'cANCEL' CLICK BOX. 3 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN BYTES AND THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS. dRAW A 'yES' CLICK BOX. 4 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN BYTES AND THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS. dRAW A 'nO' CLICK BOX. 5 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN BYTES AND THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS. dRAW AN 'oPEN' CLICK BOX. 6 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN BYTES AND THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS. dRAW A 'dISK' CLICK BOX. 7-10 aRE UNDEFINED COMMANDS. 11 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN PIXELS, THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS, AND THE ADDRESS OF A TEXT STRING. tHIS COMMAND DISPLAYS THE TEXT STRING AT THE SPECIFIED OFFSET IN THE WINDOW. 12 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN PIXELS, THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS AND ZERO PAGE ADDRESS OF THE ADDRESS OF A TEXT STRING. tHIS COMMAND IS SIMILAR TO COMMAND 11, EXCEPT FOR ITS METHOD OF ADDRESSING THE STRING. 13 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN PIXELS, THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS, ZERO PAGE ADDRESS OF THE ADDRESS OF THE TEXT BUFFER TO BE USED BY input AND THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF THE INPUT BUFFER. sEE input FOR MORE INFORMATION. 14 sET THE VECTOR AT $84a9-$84aa TO CLOSE THE WINDOW. gENERALLY USED WITH COMMAND 13. 15 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE ADDRESS OF A grphic COMMAND TABLE. sEE grphic FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. 16 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN PIXELS AND THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS. tHIS COMMAND OPENS A SCROLLING WINDOW OF FILENAMES. lOCATIONS $10 AND $16-$17 MUST BE SET PRIOR TO CALLING window (sEE table FOR MORE INFORMATION). tHE FILENAMES ARE STORED AT $8300-$83ff, TO A MAXIMUM OF 15 FILENAMES. lOCATION $885c WILL RETURN THE INDEX OF THE SELECTED FILE NAME. iF MORE THAN 6 FILES ARE FOUND, THE SUBWINDOW WILL HAVE A CLICK BOX FOR SCROLLING THE LIST. 17 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE ADDRESS OF THE ROUTINE FOR BUTTON PRESSED. tHIS COMMAND SETS THE VECTOR AT $84a9-$84aa TO A USER SPECIFIED ROUTINE. 18 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE COLUMN OFFSET IN BYTES, THE ROW OFFSET IN PIXELS AND THE ADDRESS OF A USER'S 8 BYTE CLICK BOX DESCRIPTION, IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT: #BYTES dESCRIPTION 2 aDDRESS OF GRAPHIC DATA. 2 nOT USED. 1 wIDTH OF BOX IN BYTES. 1 hEIGHT OF BOX IN PIXELS. 2 aDDRESS OF ROUTINE TO PROCESS THIS BOX. 19 tHE DATA FOR THIS COMMAND IS THE ADDRESS OF A USER SUBROUTINE. tHIS COMMAND CALLS THE USER'S SUBROUTINE. geos kERNAL rOUTINES 1-62 fUNCTION nAME: wr180 pURPOSE: wRITE TRACK 18 SECTOR 0 BACK TO DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c24a iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $8200-$82ff dATA FOR TRACK 18 SECTOR 0. oUTPUT: $04 $12, TRACK NUMBER. $05 $00, SECTOR NUMBER. $0a-$0b $8200, ADDRESS OF BUFFER AREA. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE SETS UP THE POINTERS FOR write, THEN CALLS IT TO WRITE THE SECTOR. tHIS IS GENERALLY USED TO UPDATE THE bam ON THE DISK. fUNCTION nAME: write pURPOSE: wRITE A GIVEN TRACK AND SECTOR. cALL ADDRESS: $c1e7 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 tRACK OF SECTOR TO BE WRITTEN. $05 sECTOR NUMBER TO BE WRITTEN. $0a-$0b pOINTER TO BUFFER. eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX dESCRIPTION: lOADS TURBODOS IF IT IS NOT ALREADY THERE BY CALLING dsetup. tHE DESIRED BLOCK IS THEN WRITTEN TO THE DISK BY CALLING write2. fINALLY cwrite IS CALLED TO VERIFY THE SECTOR. fUNCTION nAME: write2 pURPOSE: wRITE A SECTOR TO THE DISK. cALL ADDRESS: $c220 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $04 tRACK NUMBER. $05 sECTOR NUMBER. $0a-$0b pOINTER TO DATA BUFFER. pREPARATORY ROUTINES: dsetup eRRORS: sEE aPPENDIX i. dESCRIPTION: tHIS ROUTINE IS TO write, AS read2 IS TO read. dsetup MUST HAVE BEEN CALLED PRIOR TO USING THIS ROUTINE. fUNCTION nAME: zfill pURPOSE: fILLS A MEMORY REGION WITH ZEROES. cALL ADDRESS: $c178 iNPUT REQUIREMENTS: $02-$03 tHE LENGTH OF THE REGION. $04-$05 tHE ADDRESS OF THE REGION. dESCRIPTION: mEMORY IS FILLED WITH ZEROES BY STORING A $00 AT LOCATION $06 AND CALLING blkfil. dEVICE dRIVERS 2-1 iNPUT dRIVERS iNPUT DRIVERS EXIST IN MEMORY FROM $fe80 TO $fff9. tHEY DO NOT HAVE A START ADDRESS SINCE THEY ARE NOT EXECUTABLE PROGRAMS. tHE DEFAULT INPUT DRIVER (joystick) IS BUILT INTO THE geos kernal; geos WILL ALWAYS BOOT UP WITH THE JOYSTICK AS THE INPUT DEVICE. tHE USER MUST SELECT ANOTHER ONE IF IT IS SO DESIRED. tHEY HAVE THREE ENTRY POINTS IN THE VERY BEGINNING. tHESE ENTRY POINTS ARE A JUMP TABLE FROM $fe80-$fe88. tHE FIRST ENTRY POINT AT $fe80 IS THE MASTER RESET VECTOR. tHIS ROUTINE MUST SET THE MOUSE SPEED (lOCATION $8507) TO ZERO, AS WELL AS RESET THE MOUSE'S POSITION TO 0,0 (lOCATIONS $3a-$3c). iT MUST ALSO CLEAR THE DIRECTION BYTE (lOCATION $8506). tHE SECOND VECTOR MUST RESET THE SPEED TO ZERO (lOCATION $8507). tHE THIRD VECTOR ACTUALLY PERFORMS THE INPUT. iT MUST ALSO MODIFY THE APPROPRIATE FLAGS, ADJUST THE MOUSE'S SPEED AND POSITION. tHE FOLLOWING IS A SMALL MEMORY MAP OF LOCATIONS OF INTEREST TO INPUT DRIVERS: $30 mOUSE CONTROL FLAG bIT 7 - mOUSE IS VISIBLE, DO NOT MODIFY THE MOUSE'S POSITION IF IT IS NOT VISIBLE. $39 iNPUT STATUS FLAG bIT 7 - tHERE IS DATA IN THE KEYBOARD QUEUE, THIS IS NOT USED BY THE INPUT DRIVER. bIT 6 - mOUSE HAS CHANGED DIRECTION. bIT 5 - bUTTON STATUS HAS CHANGED, EITHER THE BUTTON HAS BEEN RELEASED OR PUSHED SINCE LAST CHECKED. $3a-$3b mOUSE'S x POSITION (0-319), RANGE CHECKING IS NOT NECESSARY. $3c mOUSE'S y POSITION (0-199), RANGE CHECKING IS NOT NECESSARY. $8501 mOUSE'S MAXIMUM SPEED. $8502 mOUSE'S MINIMUM SPEED. $8503 aCCELERATION FACTOR; ADDED OR SUBTRACTED EACH TIME THE INPUT DRIVE IS SCANNED AND THE DIRECTION HAS NOT CHANGED. $8505 bUTTON STATUS: $00-PRESSED, $80-NOT PRESSED. $8506 dIRECTION; $ff IF NO DIRECTION IS SPECIFIED; OTHERWISE A NUMBER FROM 0 TO 7: 3 2 1 * + * 4 -- * -- 0 * + * 5 6 7 tHIS LOCATION IS NEEDED BY THE SCROLL FEATURE FOR geoPAINT. iF NOT USED, FOR EXAMPLE BY A kOALAPAD, THIS FEATURE OF geoPAINT WILL NOT WORK, BUT NOTHING ELSE WILL BE AFFECTED. $8507 mOUSE'S CURRENT SPEED. dEVICE dRIVERS 2-2 pRINTER dRIVERS pRINTER DRIVERS EXIST IN MEMORY FROM $7900-$7fff. tHIS OVERLAPS PART OF SCREEN 2. pRINTER DRIVERS ARE ONLY MEMORY RESIDENT WHEN THEY ARE IN USE. geos LOADS THE FIRST PRINTER DRIVER THAT IT CAN FIND ON THE DISK, WHENEVER IT NEEDS TO PRINT SOMETHING. tO MAKE A PARTICULAR PRINTER DRIVER ALWAYS BE THE ONE FOUND, ALL THAT MUST BE DONE IS TO PLACE IT AHEAD OF ALL THE OTHER PRINTER DRIVERS IN THE DIRECTORY. tHERE ARE FIVE ENTRY POINTS TO A PRINTER DRIVER. tHESE FORM A JUMP TABLE FROM $7900- $790e. tHE FIRST ENTRY POINT, AT $7900, IS THE MASTER RESET. tHIS ROUTINE MUST INITIALIZE ANY GLOBAL VARIABLES THAT NEED TO BE SET. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED ONCE WHEN THE DRIVER IS LOADED. oNLY THE mps-1000 DRIVER USES THIS ROUTINE. aLL THE OTHERS SIMPLY RETURN WITHOUT DOING ANYTHING. tHE SECOND ENTRY POINT, AT $7903, IS THE PRINTER INITIALIZATION. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED JUST PRIOR TO PRINTING AN IMAGE. tHE x REGISTER MUST BE SET TO AN ERROR CODE IF THE PRINTER IS NOT AVAILABLE. tHIS ERROR CODE IS THE c64'S kernal STATUS BYTE AT LOCATION $90. tHIS ROUTINE MUST INITIALIZE ANY TEMPORARY VARIABLES USED BY THE DRIVER. tHE THIRD ENTRY POINT, AT $7906, ACTUALLY PERFORMS THE PRINTING OF A LINE. lOCATIONS $02-$03 POINT TO THE BIT IMAGE GRAPHIC DATA FOR THE LINE (640 PIXELS, 8 BITS HIGH, 640 BYTES). lOCATIONS $04-$05 POINT TO A BUFFER AREA FREE FOR USE BY THE DRIVER IF IT NEEDS IT. tHIS IS MAINLY TO GIVE PRINTERS WHICH ONLY PRINT 7 PIXELS AT A TIME A PLACE TO ACCUMULATE THE EXTRA BITS. lOCATIONS $06-$07 POINT TO THE COLOR DATA FOR THE LINE. tHIS IS ONLY FOR THE BENEFIT OF COLOR PRINTERS. tHE PRINTER DRIVER MUST NOT MODIFIFY ANY OF THESE POINTERS. tHE FOURTH ENTRY POINT, AT $7909, CLOSES THE PRINTER. tHIS ROUTINE IS CALLED WHEN THE IMAGE IS FINISHED. tHIS ALLOWS 7 BIT PRINTERS TO PRINT THE CONTENTS OF THEIR BUFFERS. tHIS IS ALSO TO GIVE THE PRINTER DRIVER A CHANCE TO PRINT A TOP OF FORM CHARACTER. tHE FIFTH ENTRY POINT, AT $790c, RETURNS THE NUMBER OF CHARACTER COLUMNS THAT THE PRINTER CAN PRINT IN THE x REGISTER. tHE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LINES PER PAGE IS RETURNED IN THE y REGISTER. tHE ACCUMULATOR IS LOADED WITH A ZERO. tHIS GIVES APPLICATIONS THE ABILITY TO COMPUTE NECESSARY BUFFER SIZES. tYPICAL VALUES ARE 80 COLUMNS BY 90 LINES OR 60 COLUMNS BY 90 LINES. fINALLY, THE PRINTER DRIVER MUST ALSO INCLUDE ITS NAME AS A STRING AT LOCATION $790f. tHIS NAME MUST BE THE SAME AS THE FILE NAME. geoWRITE AND geoPAINT WILL NOT SEE THE DRIVER IF THE FILE NAME AND THIS TEXT STRING ARE NOT THE SAME. desktop DOES NOT CARE. fILE fORMATS 3-1 vlir fILE sTRUCTURE a vlir FILE IS A TREE STRUCTURED FILE. tHE DIRECTORY POINTS TO A SINGLE SECTOR CALLED THE vlir SECTOR. tHIS SECTOR IS A LIST OF THE INITIAL TRACKS AND SECTORS OF EACH OF ITS BRANCHES (OR CHAINS). iF THE BRANCH ADDRESS IS TRACK $00 SECTOR $ff, THEN THAT BRANCH DOES NOT EXIST AND IS NOT USED. iT IS A PLACE HOLDER. a BRANCH ADDRESS OF TRACK $00 SECTOR $00 SPECIFIES THE END OF THE SECTOR. tHIS IS USED BY THE vopen TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF BRANCHES. iT IS POSSIBLE NOT TO HAVE THIS END MARKER. tHAT IS THE CASE WHEN THERE ARE 127 BRANCHES. tHIS LIMIT OF 127 BRANCHES EXPLAINS MANY OF geos'S LIMITS, IE. 127 NOTE PAD PAGES, 127 PICTURES IN A PHOTO ALBUM, 64 PAGES AND 63 PICTURES IN A geoWRITE FILE, ETC. eACH BRANCH IS THE EQUIVALENT OF A NORMAL FILE, IE. EACH SECTOR POINTS TO THE NEXT WITH THE FIRST TWO BYTES. fONT fILE fORMAT fONT FILES ARE vlir FILES; THE CHAIN NUMBER (0-126) IS THE POINT SIZE. geos LIMITS A FONT TO A POINT SIZE OF 48. tHIS IS PROBABLY DUE TO MEMORY LIMITATIONS FOR STORING THE FONT. nONEXISTANT POINT SIZES HAVE vlir CHAIN ADDRESSES OF $00,$ff. fONT FILES ARE IDENTIFIED BY A UNIQUE id NUMBER WHICH IS STORED IN THE FILE'S INFO SECTOR AT OFFSET 130. tHE INFO SECTOR CONTAINS A WORD IDENTIFIER FOR EACH POINT SIZE IN THE FONT. tHESE IDENTIFIERS HAVE THE FORM: id# * 8 + POINT SIZE. tHESE id WORDS ARE USED BY geoWRITE AND geoPAINT. fONT FILE CHAIN FORMAT: $00 nUMBER OF PIXELS MINUS 1 ABOVE THE UNDERLINE. tHIS IS THE LINE OF PRINT. $01-$02 nUMBER OF BYTES IN THE BIT STREAM. $03 pOINT SIZE, CHARACTER HEIGHT IN PIXELS. $04-$05 iNDEX FROM BEGINNING OF FONT TO TABLE OF BIT STREAM INDICES. uSUALLY $0008. $06-$07 iNDEX FROM BEGINNING OF FONT TO FIRST BIT STREAM. $08-??? tABLE OF WORDS WHICH ARE INDICES INTO THE BIT STREAMS; ONE FOR EACH CHARACTER FROM SPACE (32) TO THE TILDA (126). tHERE IS ALSO AN EXTRA INDEX ON THE END. tHIS EXTRA INDEX IS NEEDED BECAUSE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A CHARACTER'S INDEX AND THE NEXT CHARACTER'S INDEX IS THE WIDTH OF THE CHARACTER IN PIXELS. ???-??? pOINTED TO BY $06-$07. tHE FONT IS STORED AS SEVERAL BIT STREAMS, ONE FOR EACH LINE OF PIXELS. tHE POINT SIZE IS THE NUMBER OF BIT STREAMS. aLL THE CHARACTER IMAGES ARE STORED IN THE BIT STREAM. tHE geos kernal HAS SOME VERY SOPHISTICATED BIT MANIPULATION ROUTINES FOR ACCESSING ANY GIVEN CHARACTER. fILE fORMATS 3-2 nOTES fILE fORMAT tHE nOTES FILE CREATED BY THE nOTEPAD DESK ACCESSORY HAS A vlir FILE STRUCTURE. eACH BRANCH IS A SINGLE SECTOR WHICH COMPRISES A PAGE OF THE NOTEPAD. tHIS SETS THE NOTEPAD'S LIMITS TO 127 PAGES OF 253 CHARACTERS. 127 PAGES BECAUSE OF THE LIMIT TO THE NUMBER OF vlir CHAINS, AND 253 CHARACTERS BECAUSE A SECTOR HOLDS 254 DATA BYTES (2 BYTES FOR THE NEXT TRACK AND SECTOR LINK) AND THE LAST CHARACTER MUST BE A ZERO TO TERMINATE TO TEXT. pHOTO sCRAP fILE tHE pHOTO sCRAP FILE IS A CODED GRAPHICS IMAGE IN A SEQUENTIALLY STRUCTURED FILE. tHE FIRST BYTE IS THE NUMBER OF BYTES WIDE THE IMAGE IS (ONE EIGTH OF THE WIDTH IN PIXELS). tHIS MEANS THAT PHOTO SCRAPS ARE ALWAYS EVEN MULTIPLES OF EIGHT PIXELS WIDE. tHE SECOND AND THIRD BYTE FORM A WORD WHICH IS THE NUMBER OF PIXELS HIGH THE IMAGE IS. fOLLOWING THESE THREE BYTES IS THE GRAPHICS IMAGE, CODED IN THE SAME FORMAT AS A CLICK BOX (SUITABLE FOR draw OR draw2). tHIS FORMAT CONSISTS OF A CODE BYTE FOLLOWED BY 1 OR MORE DATA BYTES. tHE CODE BYTES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING THREE BASIC TYPES. 1) cODE BYTES LESS THAN 128 MEAN THAT THE FOLLOWING BYTE IS TO BE REPEATED THAT MANY TIMES. 2) cODE BYTES RANGING FROM 128 TO 219 MEAN THAT IF 128 IS SUBTRACTED FROM THE CODE BYTE THEN THE RESULT IS THE NUMBER OF DATA BYTES THAT FOLLOW. 3) cODE BYTES RANGING FROM 220 TO 255 ARE SPECIAL. fIRST 219 IS SUBTRACTED FROM THE CODE BYTE, THE RESULT IS THE NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE PATTERN THAT WILL FOLLOW. fOLLOWING THIS CODE BYTE IS A REPETITION COUNT FOR THE PATTERN. fOLLOWING THIS ARE THE BYTES THAT CONSTITUTE THE PATTERN. tHESE COULD INCLUDE EITHER OF THE FIRST TWO CODE TYPES. sINCE GRAPHIC IMAGES CAN BE IN COLOR, THE COLOR DATA FOLLOWS THE GRAPHIC IMAGE DATA. tHE COLOR DATA IS CODED IN THE SAME WAY AS THE GRAPHIC DATA; HOWEVER, EACH BYTE OF COLOR DATA IS THE COLOR FOR A BLOCK OF 8 BY 8 PIXELS (A NORMAL CHARACTER SPACE). tHIS IS THE REASON THAT geoPAINT MAKES PHOTO SCRAPS A MULTIPLE OF 8 PIXELS HIGH AND WIDE. tEXT sCRAP fILE tEXT SCRAPS ARE SEQUENTIALLY STRUCTURED FILES. tHE FIRST TWO BYTES OF WHICH, FORM A WORD WHICH CONTAINS THE NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE SCRAP. fOLLOWING THIS ARE TEXT SEGMENTS IN THE SAME FORMAT AS geoWRITE FILES, IE. 4 CODE BYTES FOLLOWED BY A ZERO BYTE TERMINATED STRING OF TEXT. sEE THE geoWRITE fILE FORMAT FOR MORE INFORMATION. fILE fORMATS 3-3 pHOTO AND tEXT aLBUM fILES aLBUM FILES ARE vlir STRUCTURED FILES, WITH EACH CHAIN CONTAINING AN INDIVIDUAL PHOTO SCRAP OR TEXT SCRAP. geoWRITE fILE fORMAT geoWRITE FILES ARE vlir STRUCTURED FILES. tHE FIRST 64 BRANCHES ARE THE 64 PAGES ALLOWED IN THE FILE. tHE LAST 63 BRANCHES ARE PHOTO SCRAPS, IF THERE ARE ANY PRESENT IN THE DOCUMENT. sEE THE SECTION ON pHOTO sCRAP fILES AND pHOTO aLBUMS FOR MORE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE PHOTOS. tHE FIRST TWO BYTES OF EACH PAGE FORM A WORD WHICH IS THE LEFT MARGIN'S POSITION IN PIXELS. tHE NEXT TWO BYTES ARE THE RIGHT MARGIN'S POSITION. tHE FIFTH THROUGH THE SIXTEENTH BYTES FORM 6 WORDS WHICH ARE THE TAB STOP POSITIONS, ALSO IN PIXELS. tHE TEXT WHICH FOLLOWS IS STORED IN SEGMENTS. eACH SEGMENT STARTS WITH 4 CODE BYTES. tHE FIRST BYTE IS A $17, IF THIS IS A TEXT SEGMENT (MORE LATER). tHE NEXT TWO BYTES ARE THE FONT id (CODED FORM WHICH INCLUDES POINT SIZE; SEE iNFO sECTOR LOCATIONS $80- $9f). tHE FOURTH BYTE IS THE STYLE FOR THE SEGMENT; EACH BIT DESIGNATING AN ATTRIBUTE: BIT 7 uNDERLINE BIT 6 bOLD BIT 5 rEVERSED, nOT USED IN geoWRITE FILES BIT 4 iTALICS BIT 3 oUTLINE fOLLOWING THE FOUR CODE BYTES IS THE TEXT STRING WHICH HAS A ZERO BYTE TERMINATOR. iF THE INITIAL CODE BYTE IS A $10, THEN THIS SEGMENT IS NOT A TEXT SEGMENT, IT IS A PHOTO SEGMENT. pHOTO SEGMENTS HAVE FIVE CODE BYTES AND NO DATA SECTION. tHE SECOND BYTE IS THE WIDTH OF THE IMAGE IN BYTES. tHE THIRD AND FOURTH BYTES DESIGNATE THE IMAGE'S HEIGHT IN PIXELS. pHOTO SEGMENTS HAVE AN EXTRA CODE BYTE WHICH IS THE vlir CHAIN NUMBER FOR THE IMAGE. tHIS COULD ALLOW A DOCUMENT TO HAVE 63 DIFFERENT IMAGES BUT USE THE SAME IMAGE SEVERAL TIMES WITHOUT STORING IT SEVERAL TIMES. fILE fORMATS 3-4 geoPAINT fILE fORMAT geoPAINT FILES ARE vlir STRUCTURED FILES. eACH BRANCH REPRESENTS 2 LINES OF THE PICTURE. tHE DATA IN THE BRANCHES IS STORED IN A CODED FORM THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM PHOTO SCRAPS AND CLICK BOXES. fIRST OF ALL, CONSECUTIVE BYTES DO NOT FORM A HORIZONTAL LINE. tHE BYTES ARE IN THE SAME SEQUENCE AS THE cOMMODORE STORES THEM ON THE HIRES SCREEN. eIGHT CONSECUTIVE BYTES FILL A CHARACTER POSITION. eVERY EIGHTH BYTE IS ON THE SAME HORIZONTAL LINE. tHE DATA IS STORED IN A CODED FORM TO CONSERVE DISK STORAGE. tHE CODING IS SIMPLY A CODE BYTE FOLLOWED BY SOME DATA. cODE BYTES FALL INTO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE CATAGORIES: 1) cODE BYTES LESS THAN 64 DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL BYTES THAT FOLLOW. 2) cODE BYTES RANGING FROM 64 TO 127 ARE USED FOR FILL PATTERNS. tHE LEAST SIGNIFICANT 6 BITS DETERMINE HOW MANY CHARACTER POSITIONS ARE TO BE FILLED. tHIS CODE BYTE IS FOLLOWED BY EIGHT BYTES WHICH DETERMINE THE FILL PATTERN. 3) cODE BYTES GREATER THAN 127 ARE 128 MORE THAN THE NUMBER OF TIMES TO REPEAT THE BYTE THAT FOLLOWS THE CODE BYTE. tHIS CODING SCHEME IS USED TO FIRST SPECIFY THE 1280 BYTES THAT FORM THE TWO LINES OF THE PICTURE. tHIS IS FOLLOWED BY THE 160 BYTES WHICH FORM THE COLOR DATA FOR THE TWO LINES. dIRECTORY sTRUCTURE 4-1 geos dIRECTORY eNTRY fORMAT bYTE# dESCRIPTION $00 dos FILE TYPE bIT 7 fILE CLOSED PROPERLY. bIT 6 fILE IS WRITE PROTECTED. bITS 0-2 fILE TYPE 0 del 1 seq 2 prg 3 usr 4 rel (nOT PERMITTED UNDER geos) $01 tRACK NUMBER OF FIRST SECTOR. $02 sECTOR NUMBER OF FIRST SECTOR. $03-$12 fILE NAME. $13 tRACK NUMBER FOR INFO SECTOR. $14 sECTOR NUMBER FOR INFO SECTOR. $15 fILE STRUCTURE. 0 sEQUENTIAL STRUCTURE. 1 vlir FORMAT $16 geos FILE TYPE. 0 nON-geos FILE. 1 basic pROGRAM. 2 aSSEMBLY PROGRAM. 3 dATA FILE. 4 sYSTEM FILE. 5 dESK aCCESSORY. 6 aPPLICATION. 7 aPPLICATION dATA. 8 fONT FILE. 9 pRINTER DRIVER. 10 iNPUT DRIVER. tHE NEXT FEW BYTES DEFINE THE TIME AND DATE OF THE FILE'S CREATION. $17 yEAR. $18 mONTH. $19 dAY. $1a hOUR. $1b mINUTE. $1c-$1d fILE SIZE IN BLOCKS (INCLUDING INFO SECTOR). dIRECTORY sTRUCTURE 4-2 dIRECTORY hEADER (tRACK 18 SECTOR 0) $00 tRACK OF FIRST DIRECTORY SECTOR. $01 sECTOR OF FIRST DIRECTORY SECTOR. $02 $41, ascii 'a' INDICATING 4040 FORMAT. $03 $2a, dos VERSION. $04-$8f bLOCK aVAILABILITY mAP, bam, 35 TRACKS, 4 BYTES EACH. fIRST BYTE HAS NUMBER OF SECTORS FREE ON THAT TRACK. tHE OTHER THREE BYTES ARE A BIT STREAM. bIT ZERO OF THE FIRST OF THE THREE BYTES IS SECTOR 0. iF THE BIT IS SET, THEN THE BLOCK IS FREE. $90-$9f dISK NAME PADDED WITH SHIFTED SPACES ($a0). $a0-$a1 tWO EXTRA CHARACTERS FOR DISK NAME. $a2-$a3 dISK id. $a4 sHIFTED SPACE ($a0). $a5-$a6 ascii '2a' FOR dos VERSION. $a7-$aa sHIFTED SPACES ($a0). $ab tRACK FOR desktop'S BUFFER. $ac sECTOR FOR desktop'S BUFFER. $ad-$bc ascii 'geos FORMAT v1.1', ONLY THE FIRST 11 BYTES ARE USED TO CHECK FOR geos FORMAT. $bd-$ff fILLED WITH ZEROES. iNFORMATION sECTOR fORMAT 5-1 iNFORMATION sECTOR bYTE # dESCRIPTION $00 $00, TRACK LINK IS ZERO BECAUSE THERE IS ONLY ONE SECTOR. $01 $ff, NUMBER OF BYTES IN THIS SECTOR. $02-$04 $03, $15, $bf, iNFORMATION SECTOR IDENTIFICATION BYTES. $05-$43 iCON IMAGE IN SPRITE FORMAT. $44 dos FILE TYPE. $45 geos FILE TYPE. $46 fILE STRUCTURE, 0 FOR SEQUENTIAL, 1 FOR vlir. $47-$48 lOAD ADDRESS. $49-$4a eND OF LOAD ADDRESS. $4b-$4c sTART OF EXECUTION ADDRESS FOR PROGRAM; UNUSED OTHERWISE. $4d-$60 cLASS OF FILE; ZERO BYTE TERMINATED. $61-$74 aUTHOR OF FILE; ZERO BYTE TERMINATED. tHE FOLLOWING geos FILE TYPES HAVE AUTHORS: 1 basic pROGRAM 6 aPPLICATION 2 aSSEMBLY pROGRAM 9 pRINTER DRIVER 5 dESK aCCESSORY 10 iNPUT dRIVER $75-$88 fOR aPPLICATION dATA FILES (AND dATA FILES?), THIS IS THE CLASS OF THE FILE THAT CREATED THIS FILE. $80-$81 fOR FONT FILES ONLY, THIS IS THE id NUMBER FOR THE FONT. tHIS IS HOW geos DISTINGUISHES BETWEEN FONTS FOR geoWRITE AND geoPAINT WITHOUT ACTUALLY STORING THE FONT NAME. eACH FONT HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE id NUMBER. tHE KNOWN FONTS HAVE THE FOLLOWING id NUMBERS: 0 bsw 13 tILDEN 1 uNIVERSITY 14 eVANS 2 cALIFORNIA 15 dURANT 3 rOMA 16 tELEGRAPH 4 dWINELLE 17 sUPERB 5 cORY 18 bOWDITCH 6 tOLMAN 19 oRMOND 7 bUBBLE 20 eLMWOOD 8 fONTKNOX 21 hEARST 9 hARMON 21 bRENNENS (bug) 10 mYKONOS 23 cHANNING 11 bOALT 24 pUTNAM 12 sTADIUM 25 lEcONTE tHERE IS A BUG ON fONTpACK i, THE bRENNENS FONT SHOULD HAVE AN id NUMBER OF 22 (OR hEARST SHOULD). sINCE THESE TWO FONTS HAVE THE SAME id NUMBER, ONLY ONE OF THEM CAN BE USED IN ANY FILE, INCLUDING IN geoPAINT. wHEN geos LOOKS FOR A FONT AFTER THE USER HAS SELECTED IT, IT USES THE id BYTE TO FIND IT. iF THE id BYTES ARE THE SAME, THEN THE FIRST FILE ENCOUNTERED IS USED. $82-$9f fOR FONT FILES ONLY; id WORDS FOR EACH POINT SIZE. tHESE ARE CODED AS: 64 * id# + POINT SIZE. $a0-$ff tEXT FIELD FOR THE FILE; ZERO BYTE TERMINATED. mEMORY mAP 6-1 $01 r6510 bUILT-IN 6510 i/o PORT, BIT ORIENTED bIT 0 - 0=ram, 1=basic rom bIT 1 - 0=ram, 1=kERNAL rom bIT 2 - 0=cHARACTER SET rom, 1=i/o PORTS bITS 3-5 - cASSETTE CONTROL LINES bITS 6-7 - uNCONNECTED $02-$03 gpnt1 gENERAL POINTER, USUALLY USED TO PASS A PARAMETER TO A kERNAL ROUTINE. $04-$05 gpnt2 gENERAL POINTER $04 track tRACK NUMBER FOR DISK OPERATIONS $05 sector sECTOR NUMBER FOR DISK OPERATIONS $05 row rOW TO PRINT TEXT ON $06-$0b boxsiz bOX SIZE DESCRIPTOR $06 bxtop tOP ROW OF A BOX $07 bxbot bOTTOM ROW OF A BOX $08-$09 bxleft lEFT MARGIN OF A BOX $0a-$0b bxrite rIGHT MARGIN OF A BOX $0c-$0d dirpnt dIRECTORY ENTRY POINTER, RETURNED BY LOOKUP. aLSO USED AS THE DESTINATION INDIRECT POINTER FOR HIRES GRAPHIC OPERATIONS. $0e-$0f filpnt fILENAME POINTER, USED TO POINT TO A FILE NAME FOR FILE OPERATIONS. aLSO USED AS THE SOURCE INDIRECT POINTER FOR HIRES GRAPHIC OPERATIONS. $10 sgtype sELECTED geos FILE TYPE; USED BY table $11 maxfil mAXIMUM NUMBER OF FILES TO FIND; USED BY TABLE $12-$13 tEMPORARY STORAGE AREAS $14-$15 dirpt2 aLTERNATE DIRECTORY ENTRY POINTER, USUALLY POINTS TO $8400. aLSO USED TO POINT TO A FILE'S INFO SECTOR WHEN IT IS IN MEMORY. $16 dpage nUMBER OF DIRECTORY SECTORS TO SKIP BEFORE FINDING A HOLE IN THE DIRECTORY; USED BY FILE SAVE ROUTINES AND hole. aLSO USED AS A PARAMETER VALUE TO BE PASSED TO PROGRAMS. cOULD BE desktop'S PAGE NUMBER. $16-$17 classp pOINTER TO CLASS STRING; USED BY table $18-$19 column cOLUMN TO PRINT TEXT IN $20-$21 uNUSED $22-$23 patern pOINTER TO FILL PATTERN DATA $24-$25 inppnt pOINTER TO INPUT BUFFER $26-$2e fontdt cURRENT FONT DATA TABLE. sEE fONT fILE fORMAT FOR A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS HEADER INFORMATION. $26 pline nUMBER OF PIXELS ABOVE LINE OF PRINT. uNDERLINING APPEARS 1 PIXEL BELOW THE LINE OF PRINT. $27-$28 bslen nUMBER OF BYTES IN THE FONT'S BIT STREAMS $29 psize pOINT SIZE OF THE FONT mEMORY mAP 6-2 $2a-$2b bspnts aDDRESS OF BIT STREAM INDICES TABLE $2c-$2d bspnt aDDRESS OF THE FIRST BIT STREAM $2e style dEFINES THE CURRENT PRINT STYLE bIT 7 - uNDERLINE bIT 6 - bOLDFACE bIT 5 - rEVERSED VIDEO bIT 4 - iTALICS bIT 3 - oUTLINE $2f scnflg cONTROLS THE SOURCE AND DESTINATION SCREENS, USED BY rowadr. bITS 6 & 7 ARE USED TO DETERMINE THE SOURCE AND DESTINATION SCREENS AS FOLLOWS: 7 6 $0c-$0d $0e-$0f 0 0 af00 af00 (midscreen) 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 iF BIT 5 IS SET, THEN ONLY SCREEN 1 IS USED FOR TEXT (mODE 10). $30 msflag mOUSE CONTROL FLAG bIT 7 - mOUSE IS NOT VISIBLE bIT 6 - eNABLE CHECKING MOUSE'S POSITION AGAINST CURRENT MENU LIMITS. bIT 5 - eNABLE CHECKING MOUSE'S POSITION AGAINST CLICK BOX TABLE. $31-$32 mspnt pOINTER TO THE SPRITE DATA FOR THE DEFAULT MOUSE, USUALLY $84c1 $33 topm tOP MARGIN, USUALLY 0 (tOP OF SCREEN) $34 botm bOTTOM MARGIN, USUALLY 199 (bOTTOM OF SCREEN) $35-$36 leftm lEFT MARGIN $37-$38 rightm rIGHT MARGIN, IF AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO PRINT TEXT PAST THIS COLUMN, CONTROL PASSES THROUGH $84ab. $39 inpflg iNPUT CONTROL FLAGS bIT 7 - tHERE IS DATA IN THE KEYBOARD BUFFER bIT 6 - iNPUT DEVICE HAS CHANGED DIRECTION bIT 5 - bUTTON STATUS HAS CHANGED $3a-$3b mousex mOUSE'S x POSITION $3c mousey mOUSE'S y POSITION $3f-$40 cbpnt pOINTER TO CLICK BOX DATA TABLE $41-$42 jmpvec jUMP VECTOR USED BY indjmp $43-$44 winpnt pOINTER USED BY window TO POINT TO THE WINDOW DESCRIPTOR BLOCK. $8e tHE LEAST SIGNIFICANT 3 BITS OF LOCATION $dd00, USED BY SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS ROUTINES. tHESE THREE BITS REPRESENT THE vic MEMORY BANK NUMBER AND THE rs-232 OUTPUT LINE. mEMORY mAP 6-3 $8f a COPY OF LOCATION $8e WITH THE CLOCK AND DATA LINES SET. $6000-$7f3f scren2 sECONDARY HIRES SCREEN, USED AS A BACKUP FOR ERASING MENUS AND WINDOWS. $7900-$7fff pRINTER DRIVER ADDRESS; SEE PRINTER DRIVER DEFINITIONS $7900 mASTER RESET FOR A PRINTER DRIVER $7903 sELECT PRINTER TO BEGIN TO PRINT AN IMAGE $7906 oUTPUT LINE OF IMAGE $7909 cLOSE PRINTER, END AN IMAGE $790c rETURN HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF PRINTED PAGE $790f pRINTER DRIVER'S NAME AS A TEXT STRING $8000-$80ff buf0 dISK BUFFER #0 $8100-$81ff buf1 dISK BUFFER #1, iNFO SECTOR $8200-$82ff buf2 dISK BUFFER #2, dIRECTORY WORK AREA $8300-$83ff buf3 dISK BUFFER #3, tABLE OF TRACKS AND SECTORS $8400-$841d dentry cURRENT DIRECTORY ENTRY, SET UP BY lookup $841e-$842f dname0 nAME OF DISK IN DRIVE 0 (DEVICE 8) $8430-$8441 dname1 nAME OF DISK IN DRIVE 1 (DEVICE 9) $8442-$8453 dname2 nAME OF DISK IN DRIVE 2 (DEVICE 10) $8454-$8465 dname3 nAME OF DISK IN DRIVE 3 (DEVICE 11) $8466-$8488 uNUSED $8486 bootdv pOINT TO INDEX FROM TO REACH $848e $8489 curdrv cURRENT DRIVE'S DEVICE NUMBER $848a drvflg pOINT TO INDEX FROM TO REACH $8492 $848b format fORMAT FLAG OF CURRENT DISK, $00 - geos FORMAT $ff - nON-geos DISKETTE $848c skew sKEW FACTOR FOR DISKETTE OPERATIONS $848d numdrv nUMBER OF DRIVE IN THE SYSTEM $848e-$8491 geos USES THIS TABLE TO DESIGNATE THE BOOT DRIVE, BY PLACING A $01 IN THE LOCATION CORRESPONDING TO THE BOOT DRIVE. tHIS TABLE IS REACHED BY INDEXING OFF OF $8486 WITH THE DEVICE NUMBER. $8492-$8495 dRIVE STATUS BYTES, INDEXED FROM $848a WITH THE DEVICE NUMBER. bIT 7 - tURBODOS IS LOADED bIT 6 - tURBODOS IS RUNNING $8496 chain cURRENT vlir CHAIN NUMBER $8497 nchain nUMBER OF vlir CHAINS IN THE OPEN FILE $8498 modflg mODIFIED FLAG, SET TO $ff IF THE OPEN vlir FILE HAS BEEN CHANGED; $00 OTHERWISE $8499-$849a vsize vlir FILE SIZE $849b-$849c imain vECTOR FOR USER ADDITIONS TO THE geos MAIN LOOP $849d-$849e igirq vECTOR FOR geos'S irq ROUTINE $849f-$84a0 iuirq vECTOR FOR A USER'S ADDITIONS TO THE irq ROUTINE $84a1-$84a2 ibuton vECTOR FOR BUTTON STATUS CHANGES mEMORY mAP 6-4 $84a3-$84a4 icrhit vECTOR FOR CARRIAGE RETURN ENTERED FROM THE KEYBOARD $84a5-$84a6 imsdir vECTOR FOR MOUSE DIRECTION CHANGE $84a7-$84a8 iclsmn vECTOR TO CLOSE A MENU $84a9-$84aa iacton tHIS VECTOR IS USED FOR A LOT OF THINGS THAT REQUIRE AN ACTION TO BE PERFORMED. tHESE ITEMS INCLUDE: A CHARACTER WAS TYPED, THE BUTTON WAS RELEASED, THE BUTTON WAS PRESSED AND EITHER THE MOUSE WAS VISIBLE OR bIT 5 OF msflag (LOCATION $30) WAS SET. $84ab-$84ac imargn vECTOR FOR MARGINS EXCEEDED $84ad-$84ae ialarm vECTOR FOR THE ALARM CLOCK ROUTINE $84af-$84b0 ibrk vECTOR FOR THE brk INSTRUCTION, INITIALLY THIS IS SET TO syserr $84b1-$84b2 iclear vECTOR FOR A ROUTINE TO CLEAR A REGION OF THE SCREEN, INITIALLY SET TO copyb3 $84b3 dftime dEFAULT DELAY VALUE FOR FLASHING BOXES $84b4 curflg tEXT CURSOR CONTROL FLAG bIT 7 - bLINK THE CURSOR bIT 6 - cURSOR IS TURNED ON bITS 0-5 - bLINK RATE $84b5 cbflag cONTROL FLAG FOR CLICK BOX bIT 7 - fLASH THE BOX bIT 6 - oNLY INVERT THE BOX $84b6 posflg mOUSE POSITION FLAG, SET BY irqrtn bIT 7 - mOUSE IS BELOW THE BOTTOM OF THE WINDOW, wnbot, $84b9 bIT 6 - mOUSE IS ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WINDOW, wntop, $84b8 bIT 5 - mOUSE IS TO THE LEFT OF THE WINDOW, wnleft, $84ba-$84bb bIT 4 - mOUSE IS TO THE RIGHT OF THE WINDOW, wnrite, $84bc- $84bd bIT 3 - mOUSE IS OUTSIDE THE MENU, mntop, mnbot, mnleft, mnrite, $86c1-$86c6 $84b7 numenu nUMBER OF MENU LEVELS $84b8-$84bd wINDOW SIZE DESCRIPTION $84b8 wntop tOP ROW OF WINDOW $84b9 wnbot bOTTOM ROW OF WINDOW $84ba-$84bb wnleft lEFT MARGIN OF WINDOW $84bc-$84bd wnrite rIGHT MARGIN OF WINDOW $84be-$84bf cursx tEXT CURSOR'S x POSITION $84c0 cursy tEXT CURSOR'S y POSITION $84c1-$84ff dmouse sPRITE DATA FOR DEFAULT MOUSE $8500 uNUSED $8501 maxspd mAXIMUM MOUSE SPEED $8502 minspd mINIMUM MOUSE SPEED $8503 accel mOUSE'S ACCELERATION RATE $8504 key nEXT KEY FROM KEYBOARD BUFFER, SET BY getin mEMORY mAP 6-5 $8505 button cURRENT BUTTON STATUS $00 - pRESSED $ff - rELEASED $8506 msdir mOUSE'S CURRENT DIRECTION, 0-7,$ff 3 2 1 4 * 0 5 6 7 $8507 mspeed cURRENT MOUSE SPEED $8508-$8509 uNUSED $850a-$850b rndnum rANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR VALUE $850c-$8514 tmpfnt tEMPORARY STORAGE FOR FONT DATA DURING MENU PROCESSING, COPY OF fontdt, LOCATIONS $26-$2e $8515 a COUNTER USED BY THE CLICK BOX ROUTINE, WHICH IS DECREMENTED BY THE irq SERVICE ROUTINE IF IT IS NONZERO. sEE aPPENDIX iv. $8516 year cURRENT YEAR (0-99) $8517 month cURRENT MONTH $8518 day cURRENT DAY OF THE MONTH $8519 hour cURRENT HOUR $851a minute cURRENT MINUTE OF THE HOUR $851b second cURRENT SECOND OF THE MINUTE $851c tenths cURRENT TENTHS OF THE SECOND $851d wincmd cOMMAND BYTE RETURNED BY THE WINDOW PROCESSOR $851e pcolor pREFERRED COLORS; HIGH NIBBLE FOR THE FOREGROUND COLOR AND LOW NIBBLE FOR THE BACKGROUND COLOR $851f-$8697 savbuf tEMPORARY STORAGE BUFFER FOR THE WINDOW PROCESSOR; SEE window FOR MORE INFORMATION $8698-$86bb uNUSED $86c0 numopt nUMBER OF OPTIONS IN THE CURRENT MENU $86c1-$86c6 cURRENT MENU SIZE DESCRIPTION $86c1 mntop tOP ROW OF MENU $86c2 mnbot bOTTOM ROW OF MENU $86c3-$86c4 mnleft lEFT MARGIN OF MENU $86c5-$86c6 mnrite rIGHT MARGIN OF MENU $86c7-$86ce mstack sTACK FOR MENU DESCRIPTORS $86cf-$86d2 option mENU OPTION THAT WAS CLICKED ON, INDEXED BY MENU LEVEL (0-3) $86d3-$86e1 limith mENU OPTION BOX LIMITS, EITHER ROW VALUES OR COLUMN HIGH BYTES $86e2-$86f0 limitl mENU OPTION BOX LIMITS, COLUMN LOW BYTES $86f1-$8718 timers tABLE OF RUNNING TIMERS, SEE $8755 $8719-$872c timcmd tIMER COMMAND BYTES bIT 7 - eXECUTE ROUTINE, TIMER REACHED ZERO bIT 6 - dISABLE ROUTINE EXECUTION, LEAVE TIMER RUNNING bIT 5 - sTOP TIMER bIT 4 - sTOP TIMER mEMORY mAP 6-6 $872d-$8754 timrtn sUBROUTINE ADDRESSES ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TIMER $8755-$877c timval iNITIAL VALUES FOR TIMERS, COPIED TO $86f1 WHEN THE TIMER REACHES ZERO $877d numtim nUMBER OF TIMERS IN TABLE $877e dlysp sTACK POINTER FOR DELAY STACK $877f-$87a6 dlyval tIME DELAY VALUES $87a7-$87ce dlyrtn rETURN ADDRESSES FOR WHEN THE DELAY TIME HAS EXPIRED $87cf inplen lENGTH OF USER ENTRY $87d0 maxlen mAXIMUM LENGTH OF USER ENTRY $87d1-$87d2 tmpvec cOPY OF imargn, LOCATIONS $84a3-$84a4 $87d3 marflg mARGIN CONTROL FLAG, bIT 7 - uSER SUPPLIES THE MARGIN EXCEEDED ROUTINE FOR THE WINDOW WITH A LINE OF TEXT, input OR WINDOW COMMAND 13 $87d4-$87d6 cOLUMN AND ROW VARIABLES FOR grphic PROCESSOR $87d7 head hEAD OF KEYBOARD QUEUE $87d8 tail tAIL OF KEYBOARD QUEUE $87d9 qflag iF THIS FLAG IS ZERO, THEN THE VALUE OF nxtkey, LOCATION $87ea, IS PLACED IN THE KEYBOARD QUEUE $87da-$87e9 queue kEYBOARD QUEUE $87ea nxtkey nEXT KEY TO BE PLACED IN THE KEYBOARD BUFFER $87eb-$87f2 uSED BY KEYBOARD SCAN ROUTINE FOR DEBOUNCING THE KEYBOARD $87f3-$87fa uSED BY KEYBOARD SCAN ROUTINE TO PREVENT MULTIPLE KEY HITS $87fb-$8806 uSED BY drawch TO MANIPULATE THE FONT BIT STREAMS $8807 dwidth wIDTH OF PREVIOUS CHARACTER FOR DELETE CHARACTER $8808 tEMPORARY STORAGE USED BY THE CLICK BOX ROUTINE $8809 tEMPORARY STORAGE USED BY THE CLICK BOX ROUTINE $880a belflg a NON-ZERO VALUE DISABLES ALARM CHIMES $880b tEMPORARY STORAGE USED BY THE irq ROUTINE $880c-$884f cbtbl dEFAULT CLICK BOX TABLE USED BY THE WINDOW PROCESSOR; SEE ALSO cboxes $880c numcb nUMBER OF CLICK BOXES (8 MAXIMUM) $880d-$880e cbmsx x POSITION OF MOUSE AFTER CLICK BOXES HAVE BEEN DRAWN $880f cbmsy y POSITION OF MOUSE AFTER CLICK BOXES HAVE BEEN DRAWN $8810-$884f cbdefs cLICK BOX DEFINITIONS; SEE cboxes $8850-$8851 rETURN ADDRESS OF CALLER TO loadsw $8852 cOPY OF THE sp REGISTER FROM loadsw $8853-$8854 rETURN ADDRESS OF CALLER TO window $8855 cOPY OF THE sp REGISTER FROM window mEMORY mAP 6-7 $8856-$885c uSED BY COMMAND 16 IN window $8856 numfil nUMBER OF FILES FOUND $8857 ofsetl lEFT INDENT OF FILE SUBWINDOW $8858 ofsetd dOWN INDENT OF FILE SUBWINDOW $8859-$885a tblpnt pOINTER TO FILENAME TABLE $885b fstfil iNDEX OF FIRST FILE IN THE SUBWINDOW $885c selfil iNDEX ON SELECTED FILE $885d pARAMETER PASSED TO A PROGRAM, COPY OF dpage, LOCATION $16 $885e cOPY OF THE STATUS REGISTER DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS $885f cOPY OF LOCATION $d01a DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS $8860 cOPY OF r6510, LOCATION $01, DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS $8861 cOPY OF LOCATION $d015 DURING SERIAL COMMUNICATION $8862 cOPY OF LOCATION $dd00 BEFORE SENDING tURBODOS $8863-$8866 cOMMAND BUFFER FOR tURBODOS $8867 cOPY OF LOCATION $dd00 WITH SERIAL LINES CLEARED $8868 cOPY OF LOCATION $dd00 WITH CLOCK LINE SET $8869 try1 tRY COUNTER FOR DISK READ/WRITE OPERATIONS $886a dstat dISK STATUS BYTE READ BY tURBODOS $886b ldflag lOAD FLAG bIT 0 - dO NOT RUN THE APPLICATION BEING LOADED; USE ldadrs LOCATIONS $886c-$886d AS LOAD ADDRESS $886c-$886d ldadrs aLTERNATE FILE LOAD ADDRESS $886e rEPORTS WHICH DRIVE IS BEING SEARCHED $00 - LOGGED DISK $ff - CHECKING OTHER DRIVE $886f-$8874 uSED BY vlir FILE ROUTINES $886f dtrack tRACK NUMBER OF vlir FILE DIRECTORY ENTRY $8870 dsectr sECTOR NUMBER OF vlir FILE DIRECTORY ENTRY $8871-$8872 vdirpt iNDEX INTO DIRECTORY SECTOR TO vlir FILE DIRECTORY ENTRY $8873 vtrack tRACK NUMBER OF vlir SECTOR $8874 vsectr sECTOR NUMBER OF vlir SECTOR $8875 try2 tRY COUNTER USED BY cwrite $8876 verflg vERIFY FLAG; $00=no, $ff=yes $8877-$89ff uNUSED $8a00-$8a3e sPRITE DATA BLOCK #40, geos SPRITE 0 $8a40-$8a7e sPRITE DATA BLOCK #41, geos SPRITE 1 $8a80-$8abe sPRITE DATA BLOCK #42, geos SPRITE 2 $8ac0-$8afe sPRITE DATA BLOCK #43, geos SPRITE 3 $8b00-$8b3e sPRITE DATA BLOCK #44, geos SPRITE 4 $8b40-$8b7e sPRITE DATA BLOCK #45, geos SPRITE 5 mEMORY mAP 6-8 $8b80-$8bbe sPRITE DATA BLOCK #46, geos SPRITE 6 $8bc0-$8bfe sPRITE DATA BLOCK #47, geos SPRITE 7 $8c00-$8fe7 coldat cOLOR RAM FOR HIRES SCREEN $8fe8-$8fff sPRITE POINTERS; USUALLY SET TO 40 TO 47 $9000-$9fff fIRST SECTION OF THE geos kERNAL $a000-$bf3f scren1 pRIMARY HIRES SCREEN $bf40-$fe7f sECOND SECTION OF THE geos kERNAL $fe80-$fff9 iNPUT DRIVER $fe80 mASTER RESET FOR THE INPUT DRIVER $fe83 sET MOUSE SPEED TO ZERO $fe86 rEAD INPUT DEVICE $fffa-$fffb nmi VECTOR $fffc-$fffd pOWER UP RESET VECTOR $fffe-$ffff irq VECTOR aPPENDIX i : geos eRRORS i-1 geos SUBROUTINES THAT ARE ABLE TO RETURN ERRORS, RETURN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING ERROR NUMBERS IN THE x REGISTER. 2 iLLEGAL TRACK OR SECTOR. 3 dISK FULL. 5 fILE NOT FOUND. 6 aTTEMPT TO DEALLOCATE AN UNALLOCATED BLOCK. 7 iLLEGAL vlir CHAIN NUMBER. 8 vlir FILE ERROR; ILLEGAL TRACK OR SECTOR SPECIFIED. 9 tOO MANY vlir CHAINS. 10 fILE IS NOT A vlir FILE. 11 eND OF FILE, FILE TOO LONG. 13 dEVICE NOT PRESENT. 31 wRITE PROTECT IS ON. 32 rEAD ERROR, NO SYNC CHARACTER. 35 dISK DRIVE fdc ERRORS: 2 hEADER BLOCK NOT FOUND. 7 vERIFY ERROR AFTER WRITE. 9 hEADER BLOCK CHECKSUM ERROR. 10 dATA BLOCK TOO LONG. 11 id MISMATCH ERROR. 38 dISK DRIVE fdc ERRORS: 4 dATA BLOCK NOT FOUND. 5 dATA BLOCK CHECKSUM ERROR. 39 wRITE ERROR. sEE cwrite. aPPENDIX ii : gLOSSARY ii-1 tHIS IS A SIMPLE GLOSSARY FOR SOME OF THE TERMS USED IN THIS MANUAL. box : a RECTANGULAR REGION ON THE HIRES GRAPHIC SCREEN. click : tO PRESS THE BUTTON. uSUALLY USED TO SELECT THE OPTION BEING POINTED TO BY THE MOUSE. click box : a SPECIAL CONTROL STRUCTURE THAT APPEARS AS A BOX ON THE SCREEN. tHIS BOX IS CAPABLE OF BEING CLICKED ON WITH THE MOUSE. wHEN THE BOX IS CLICKED ON, SOME OPERATION OCCURS. cursor : tHE TEXT CURSOR THAT APPEARS WHEN THE USER IS ASKED TO TYPE SOMETHING IN ON THE KEYBOARD. iT APPEARS AS A THIN VERTICAL BAR. double click : tO CLICK TWICE ON AN OPTION. tHIS IS USED AS A VERIFICATION METHOD, MAKING SURE THAT THE USER WISHES TO PERFORM THAT OPERATION. font : dATA THAT REPRESENTS THE GRAPHICAL IMAGE OF A CHARACTER SET. info sector (information sector) : a SECTOR ON THE DISK ASSOCIATED WITH A FILE. tHIS CONTAINS SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE ASSOCIATED FILE, IE. ICON IMAGE, LOAD ADDRESS, CLASS, AUTHOR AND TEXT FIELD. sEE CHAPTER 5. inline data : tHIS RELATES TO DATA THAT IS IN THE MIDDLE OF A REGION OF MACHINE CODE. tHE DATA IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWS THE SUBROUTINE CALL AND CONTROL RETURNS TO THE INSTRUCTION FOLLOWING THE DATA. tHIS RELIEVES THE USER OF THE BURDEN OF SETTING UP THE INPUT PARAMETERS TO A SUBROUTINE THAT IS SELDOMLY CALLED OR WHOSE DATA DOES NOT CHANGE. sEE pfill2 FOR AN EXAMPLE OF INLINE DATA. invert : tO CHANGE THE PIXELS ON THE HIRES SCREEN FROM BACKGROUND TO FOREGROUND, OR FROM FOREGROUND TO BACKGROUND. memory swapping : uSED BY DESK ACCESSORIES TO SAVE THE MEMORY THAT THEY WOULD NORMALLY RESIDE IN. tHIS ALLOWS THEM TO BE USED FROM WITHIN APPLICATIONS BECAUSE THE APPLICATION'S MEMORY IS RESTORED WHEN THE DESK ACCESSORY IS FINISHED. menu : a LIST OF OPTIONS FOR THE USER TO SELECT FROM. a MENU CAN BE EITHER HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL. gENERALLY, THE MAIN MENU IS HORIZONTAL AND THE SUBMENUS ARE VERTICAL. mouse : tHE LITTLE ARROW THAT IS CONTROLLED BY THE JOYSTICK OR OTHER INPUT DEVICE. recurring timed event : tHIS IS A SUBROUTINE THAT IS TO BE EXECUTED EVERY SO OFTEN. tHE AMOUNT OF TIME BETWEEN EXECUTIONS IS STORED. tHE INTERRUPT ROUTINES DECREMENT THE TIMERS EVERY SIXTIETH OF A SECOND. wHEN THE TIMER REACHES ZERO, THE geos MAIN aPPENDIX ii : gLOSSARY ii-2 LOOP CALLS THE APPROPRIATE ROUTINE. tHIS ALLOWS SEVERAL THINGS TO SEEM TO HAPPEN SIMULTANEOUSLY. iT IS THE BEGINNINGS OF MULTITASKING. skew factor : tHIS IS THE NUMBER OF SECTOR TO SKIP OVER WHEN LOOKING FOR CONSECUTIVE SECTORS FOR A FILE. iT IS 8 FOR tURBODOS AND 10 FOR dos. tHE REASON FOR USING A SKEW FACTOR IS EFFICIENCY. iF PHYSICALLY CONSECUTIVE SECTORS WERE USED, THE DISK DRIVE WOULD HAVE TO WAIT FOR A COMPLETE REVOLUTION OF THE DISK BETWEEN EACH SECTOR READ. tHE SKEW FACTOR IS SET SO THAT THIS IS NOT NECESSARY. a SKEW FACTOR IS SET TO A VALUE SUCH THAT BY THE TIME THE COMPUTER HAS PROCESSED A SECTOR, THE NEXT SECTOR IS ON POSITION TO BE READ. string : a SEQUENCE OF BYTES TERMINATED BY A ZERO BYTE. uSUALLY USED FOR REPRESENTING TEXT. turbodos : tHE SPECIAL DISK ROUTINES USED BY bERKELEY sOFTWORKS TO SPEED UP DISK ACCESS. vlir : vARIABLE lENGTH iNDEX rECORD, A TREE STRUCTURED FILE STRUCTURE. pRESENTLY geos LIMITS FILES TO 127 OF THESE RECORDS. window : a SPECIAL CONTROL STRUCTURE THAT APPEARS AS A LARGE BOX ON THE SCREEN, USUALLY WITH A SHADOW. tHIS CONTROL STRUCTURE IS USED TO ELICIT SOME FORM OF USER INPUT OR SELECTION. zero byte : a SINGLE BYTE WITH THE VALUE OF ZERO. aPPENDIX iii : fILL pATTERNS iii-1 0 1 2 3 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i i i********i i* * * * i i* ** *i i i i********i i * * * *i i * * i i i i********i i* * * * i i * * i i i i********i i * * * *i i* ** *i i i i********i i* * * * i i* ** *i i i i********i i * * * *i i * * i i i i********i i* * * * i i * * i i i i********i i * * * *i i* ** *i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 4 5 6 7 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i***** **i i* * i i *** ***i i* * i i**** * *i i * * i i** *** *i i i i***** **i i* * i i *** ***i i * * i i**** * *i i * * i i** *** *i i i i***** **i i* * i i *** ***i i* * i i**** * *i i * * i i** *** *i i i i***** **i i* * i i *** ***i i * * i i**** * *i i * * i i** *** *i i i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 8 9 10 11 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i *** ***i i********i i * * * *i i *i i********i i i i * * * *i i * i i** *** *i i********i i * * * *i i * i i********i i i i * * * *i i * i i *** ***i i********i i * * * *i i * i i********i i i i * * * *i i * i i** *** *i i********i i * * * *i i * i i********i i i i * * * *i i* i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 12 13 14 15 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i* i i******* i i *******i i********i i * i i****** *i i* ******i i* * i i * i i***** **i i** *****i i* * i i * i i**** ***i i*** ****i i* * i i * i i*** ****i i**** ***i i********i i * i i** *****i i***** **i i* * i i * i i* ******i i****** *i i* * i i *i i *******i i******* i i* * i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- aPPENDIX iii : fILL pATTERNS iii-2 16 17 18 19 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i********i i********i i * i i* * i i* i i* i i *** i i * * i i* i i* i i * * i i * * i i* i i* i i** *i i * *i i* i i********i i* i i* * i i* i i *i i *i i i i* i i *i i * i i* * * * i i* i i *i i * i i i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 20 21 22 23 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i* i i * i i* * i i **i i * i i* * i i * * i i* * i i * i i i i *** *i i * * i i i i i i * * i i ** i i * i i * i i* * i i ** i i * i i * * i i *i i * i i * i i i i *i i *i i i i i i *i i *i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 24 25 26 27 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i***** i i* i i * * * *i i * i i *** * i i* i i* * * * i i * i i * * i i * *i i * i i * * * i i * ***i i ***** i i * i i* * * * i i* ****i i * i i * * * *i i********i i * ***i i * i i * * i i * i i * * i i * * i i * i i * i i *** *i i*** **i i * i i * i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 28 29 30 31 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- i * i i *** ***i i* ******i i i i * * i i* * *i i i i * i i* * i i* ****i i* ******i i * * i i* * i i* ****i i* ******i i * * * i i* * i i *** ***i i* ** i i * * * *i i* * i i* ** i i* ** i i * * * i i * *i i***** i i* ** i i * * i i * i i***** i i* ** i i * i ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- aPPENDIX iv : pROGRAMMING nOTES iv-1 tHIS SECTION CONTAINS SOME INFORMATION ON WRITING PROGRAMS UNDER THE geos OPERATING SYSTEM. iT IS IMPORTANT THAT ALL geos PROGRAMS HAVE AN INFORMATION SECTOR. iF ONE IS MISSING, THEN desktop WILL NOT ALLOW YOU TO OPEN THE DISK (iT NEEDS THE ICON DATA). tHEREFORE, TO CREATE geos PROGRAMS, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT A SMALL basic-aSSEMBLY LANGUAGE SHELL BE ADDED TO THE BEGINNING OF A USER'S PROGRAM. tHIS SHELL WILL CONSIST OF A basic sys STATEMENT AND SOME ASSEMBLY CODE TO DELETE THE FILE (uSE delete) AND RESAVE THE FILE AS A geos FILE (uSE save). aFTER HAVING DONE THIS, FOR COMPLETENESS, THE INFO SECTOR THAT IS IN MEMORY SHOULD BE REWRITTEN BECAUSE save WILL CLEAR THE TEXT FIELD. aLSO THE DIRECTORY SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO INCLUDE THE PROPER TIME AND DATE OF FILE CREATION (uSE lookup AND write). aFTER ALL THIS HAS BEEN DONE, A CALL TO init01 AND restrt WILL RESTART geos. tHE convert PROGRAM BY bsw DOES NOT CONVERT ITSELF IN THIS WAY. iT IS DESIGNED SO THAT THE INFORMATION SECTOR IS EXACTLY IN THE LAST DISK SECTOR OF THE FILE. iT THEN MODIFIES THE SECTOR LINKS OF THE LAST TWO SECTORS AND CHANGES THE DIRECTORY ENTRY FOR CONVERT. tHIS LEAVES THE CONVERSION CODE AS PART OF THE FINAL PROGRAM; THE METHOD OUTLINED ABOVE DOES NOT. aNOTHER POSSIBILITY IS TO USE THE SAME METHOD AS bsw, BUT TO MAKE THE INFO SECTOR THE FIRST SECTOR AFTER THE INITIAL SHELL. tHEN ONLY 1 SECTOR AND THE DIRECTORY NEED BE MODIFIED, AND SECTORS FOR THE SHELL PROGRAM CAN BE FREED UP. tHIS IS ALL UP TO A USER'S DISCRETION. iF A PROGRAM WITH A basic START (10 sys2061), IS TO USE geos IT MUST FIRST DISABLE INTERRUPTS (sei) AND THEN SET THE SYSTEM TO ALL ram BY LOADING LOCATION $01 WITH A VALUE OF $30. tHIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE geos RESIDES BENEATH THE cOMMODORE'S romS AND i/o SECTION. wHEN geos NEEDS TO DO i/o, IT SWITCHES IN THE i/o PORTS, RELIEVING THE USER OF THIS BURDEN. aLSO A CALL TO init01 WILL SET THINGS UP SO THAT THE geos GRAPHIC SCREEN IS DISPLAYED. aPPLICATION PROGRAMS HAVE EVERYTHING SET UP FOR THEM BEFORE THEY ARE RUN. tO TERMINATE AN APPLICATION PROPERLY, A jmp restrt IS MADE AT SOME POINT. iF THE PROGRAM IS SIMPLY A MENU, LIKE cONVERT, THEN A CALL TO menu AND AN rts IS SUFFICIENT TO BE THE MAIN BODY OF CODE. oNE OF THE MENU OPTIONS SHOULD MAKE THE JUMP TO restrt. mORE ON THAT rts LATER. dESK aCCESSORIES ARE SIMILAR TO APPLICATIONS EXCEPT THAT THEY HAVE THE MEMORY THAT THEY RESIDE IN SAVED TO DISK FIRST. tHIS MEANS THAT THEY SHOULD BE RELATIVELY SHORT PROGRAMS. tO DECIDE WHETHER SOMETHING SHOULD BE A DESK ACCESSORY OR AN APPLICATION, ONE NEED ONLY DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS NECESSARY TO BE ABLE TO RUN THE PROGRAM FROM WITHIN ANOTHER APPLICATION (IE. LIKE RUNNING pHOTO mANAGER FROM geoPAINT). dESK ACCESSORIES ALSO HAVE SOME RESTRICTIONS THAT DO NOT APPLY TO APPLICATIONS. iN ORDER FOR A DESK ACCESSORY TO OPEN A WINDOW, THE WINDOW STORAGE AREA savbuf MUST BE SAVED AND LATER RESTORED. tHIS IS BECAUSE geos SAVED EVERYTHING BEFORE EXECUTING THE DESK ACCESSORY. tO TERMINATE A DESK ACCESSORY, THE VECTOR imain SHOULD BE LOADED WITH ldswap AND AN rts SHOULD BE MADE. mORE ON THE rts IN A MOMENT. aNOTHER MEANS OF TERMINATING A DESK ACCESSORY IS SIMPLY TO JUMP TO ldswap. iT IS THE DESK ACCESSORY'S RESPONSIBILITY TO CLEAN UP AFTER ITSELF AND TO TAKE ITSELF OUT OF MEMORY. aPPENDIX iv : pROGRAMMING nOTES iv-2 tHE rts MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS CAUSES geos TO RETURN TO ITS MAIN ROUTINE (main). tHIS IS A SIMPLE POLLING LOOP THAT LOOKS FOR THINGS TO DO. hALF OF geos IS INTERRUPT DRIVEN AND HALF OF IT IS POLLED. iT FIRST CHECKS IF THE USER HAS DONE ANYTHING, IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER: 1) mOUSE DIRECTION CHANGE, JUMP THROUGH imsdir 2) bUTTON STATUS CHANGE, JUMP THROUGH ibuton 3) kEY ENTERED FROM KEYBOARD, JUMP THROUGH icrhit 4) mOUSE OUTSIDE MENU, JUMP THROUGH iclsmn tHEN THE MAIN LOOP LOOKS FOR SOMETHING TO DO BY CHECKING THE RECURRING TIMED EVENTS AND THE DELAYED ROUTINES, EXECUTING THOSE THAT ARE READY. tHE MAIN LOOP THEN MAINTAINS THE MEMORY IMAGE OF THE TIME AND DATE AND HANDLES THE ALARM CLOCK. fINALLY, IF THERE IS SOMETHING AT imain, IT IS CALLED AND THE LOOP STARTS OVER. tHE irq INTERRUPT ROUTINE DOES MAINLY i/o OPERATIONS. fIRST IT DECREMENTS LOCATION $8515 IF IT IS NON-ZERO (COUNTER FOR CLICK BOX HANDLER). tHEN IT SCANS THE KEYBOARD AND ENTERS ANY DEPRESSED KEYS INTO THE KEYBOARD BUFFER. lOCATION $880a IS THEN DECREMENTED IF IT IS NON-ZERO (CHIME COUNTER). nEXT, A JUMP THROUGH igirq IS MADE TO irqrtn. aFTER WHICH, A JUMP IS MADE THROUGH iuirq TO PROCESS ANY USER ADDITIONS TO THE irq SERVICE ROUTINE. tHESE ADDITIONS SHOULD BE FAIRLY SHORT SO AS NOT TO MAKE THE INTERRUPT TAKE TOO LONG. fINALLY THE STATUS QUO IS RESTORED AND THINGS GO ON THEIR MERRY WAY. tHIS SPECIAL petscii arcED VERSION OF THIS mANUAL WAS EDITED AND CREATED BY eARL gOLDBERG OF THE cOMMODORE uSERS gROUP OF kANSAS cITY. 03-dEC-86