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General Information on CP/M CP/M File References CP/M Line Editing and Output Control CP/M Built-In Commands CP/M Transient Commands Physical Device Assignments for ARIES-1 CP/M STAT Command CP/M PIP Command CP/M ED Command CP/M ASM Command CP/M LOAD Command The UNLOAD Command CP/M DDT Command The ZDT Command CP/M SYSGEN Command CP/M SUBMIT and XSUB Commands CP/M BDOS -- Basic I/O Operations CP/M BDOS -- Basic Disk Operations CP/M File Types CP/M BIOS Jump Vector :General Information on CP/M CP/═áá i≤á ßá monito≥á contro∞á prograφá fo≥á microcompute≥áá softwarσ ì developmen⌠á whicΦá use≤ IBM-compatiblσ flexiblσ disk≤ (flopp∙á disks⌐á fo≥ ì mas≤á storage«á Usinτ ß microcompute≥ mainframσ baseΣ oε Intel'≤á 808░á o≥ ì Zilog'≤ Z8░ microprocessor¼ CP/═ provide≤ ß genera∞ environmen⌠ fo≥ prograφ ì construction¼á storage¼á anΣ editing¼ alonτ witΦ assembl∙ anΣ prograφ debuτ ì facilities«á Aε importan⌠ featurσ oµ CP/═ i≤ tha⌠ i⌠ caε bσ easil∙ altereΣ ì t∩á executσá witΦá an∙ compute≥ configuratioε whicΦ use≤ aε Inte∞á 808░á o≥ ì Ziloτ Z8░ Microprocesso≥ anΣ ha≤ a⌠ leas⌠ 20╦ byte≤ oµ maiε memor∙ witΦá u≡ ì t∩ eight IBM-compatablσ diskettσ drives. Thσá CP/═ monito≥ provide≤ acces≤ t∩ program≤ througΦ ßá comprehensivσ ì filσá managemen⌠á system«áá Thσá filσá subsysteφá support≤á ßá nameΣá filσ ì structure¼á allowinτ dynamiπ allocatioε oµ filσ spacσ a≤ wel∞ a≤ sequentia∞ ì anΣá randoφá filσá access«á Usinτ thi≤ filσ system¼á u≡á t∩á 12╕á distinc⌠ ì program≤ caε bσ storeΣ iε botΦ sourcσ anΣ machine-executablσ form. Digita∞á Research¼á thσ designe≥ oµ CP/M¼á ha≤ provideΣ ß se⌠ oµá ninσ ì manual≤ whicΦ describσ thσ usσ anΣ operatioε oµ CP/═ iε detail. These manuals are: 1« Aε Introductioε t∩ CP/═ Feature≤ anΣ Facilitiesì 2. ED: A Context Editor for the CP/M Disk System 3. ASM: CP/M Assembler User's Manual 4« DDT║ CP/═ Dynamiπ Debugginτ Too∞ User'≤ Manual 5. CP/M 1.4 Interface Guide 6. CP/M 1.4 System Alteration Guide 7. CP/M 2.0 User's Guide 8. CP/M 2.0 Interface Guide 9. CP/M 2.0 System Alteration Guide A≤ thσ reade≥ caε see¼á CP/═ support≤ ß contex⌠ editor¼á aεá assemble≥ ì (Intel-compatable)¼á anΣá ßá debugge≥ system«á Thesσ arσ availablσ iεá thσ ì basiπ CP/═ package«á Therσ i≤ ß largσ variet∙ oµ othe≥ softwarσá availablσ ì whicΦá caεá ruε unde≥ CP/═ witΦ littlσ o≥ n∩ modification«á SucΦá softwarσ ì include≤á severa∞á assembler≤ (botΦ 808░ anΣá Z80)¼á ßá symboliπá debugger¼ ì severa∞á high-leve∞á language≤ (includinτ FORTRA╬á I╓á {compiler}¼á BASIC-┼ ì {translator}¼á CBASI├ {translator}¼ man∙ interpretivσ BASICs¼ ALGOL¼ FOCAL¼ ì anΣá C)¼á anΣá severa∞ special-purposσ application≤ program≤ (sucΦ a≤á tex⌠ ì formattinτ system≤ anΣ accountinτ systems). Thi≤ HEL╨ Filσ addresse≤ itselµ specificall∙ t∩ thσ CP/═ 2.° Operatinτ ì Systems. :CP/M File References ┴á filσ referencσ identifie≤ ß particula≥ filσ o≥ grou≡ oµ file≤ oεá ß ì particula≥á disδá attacheΣ t∩ CP/M«á Thesσ filσ reference≤ caεá bσá eithe≥ ì unambiguou≤á (ufn⌐á o≥á ambiguou≤ (afn)«á Aεá unambiguou≤á filσá referencσ ì uniquel∙ identifie≤ ß singlσ file¼ whilσ aε ambiguou≤ filσ referencσ ma∙ bσ ì satisfied by a number of different files. Aεá unambiguou≤ filσ referencσ i≤ aε exac⌠ namσ oµ thσ specifieΣ file« ì I⌠ consist≤ oµ u≡ t∩ eigh⌠ character≤ iε thσ filσ namσ anΣ threσ character≤ ì in the file type. An unambiguous file reference is of the form -- pppppppp.sss Thσá character≤ useΣ iε specifyinτ aε unambiguou≤ filσá referencσá ma∙ ì not contain any of -- < > . , ; : = ? * [ ] Aεá ambiguou≤ filσ referencσ i≤ useΣ fo≥ director∙ searcΦ anΣá patterε ì matching«á Thσá forφá oµá aεá ambiguou≤ filσ referencσ i≤á simila≥á t∩á aε ì unambiguou≤ reference¼ excep⌠ thσ symbo∞ '?º ma∙ bσ intersperseΣ throughou⌠ ì thσ filσ reference«á Iε variou≤ command≤ throughou⌠ CP/M¼á thσ '?ºá symbo∞ ì matche≤á an∙á characte≥ oµ ß filσ namσ iε thσ '?º position«á Fo≥á example¼ ì X?Y.C?═á wil∞ matcΦ XZY.CO═ anΣ X3Y.CEM«á Thσ '*º symbo∞ i≤ useΣ t∩á matcΦ ì al∞ character≤ oµ ß filσ namσ o≥ filσ type«á Fo≥ example¼ *.CO═ wil∞ matcΦ ì XZY.COM and HELP.COM, while HELP.* will match HELP.COM and HELP.HLP. :CP/M Line Editing and Output Control The following are the line editing functions supported by CP/M -- rubout Delete and echo the last character typed at the console. Ctrl-╚áá Deletσá thσá las⌠á characte≥á typed╗áá Backspacσá onσ ì character; CRT-oriented Ctrl-U Delete the entire line typed at the console. Ctrl-╪ Deletσ thσ entirσ linσ typeΣ a⌠ thσ console╗á Backspacσ ì t∩ thσ beginninτ oµ thσ curren⌠ line; CRT-oriented. Ctrl-R Retype current command line: types a "clean line" following character deletion with rubouts. Ctrl-E Physical end of line: carriage is returned, but line is not sent until the carriage return key is depressed. Ctrl-M Terminates input (carriage return). Ctrl-J Terminates current input (line feed); CRT-oriented Ctrl-C CP/M system reboot (warm start). Ctrl-Z End input from the console (used in PIP and ED). Other control functions affect console output -- Ctrl-P Copy all subsequent console output to the currently- assigned list device (LST:). Output is sent to both the list device and the console device until the next Ctrl-P is typed. Ctrl-S Stop the console output temporarily. Program execution and output continue when the next character is typed at the console. Typing Ctrl-C returns control to CP/M. Inpu⌠ line≤ caε generall∙ bσ u≡ t∩ 25╡ character≤ iε length« The∙ arσ ì not acted upon until the carriage return key is typed. :CP/M Built-In Commands ER┴á afεá -- Thσá ER┴á (erase⌐ commanΣá remove≤á file≤á froφá thσ ì currently logged-in disk. DI╥á afε -- Thσ DI╥ (directory⌐ commanΣ cause≤ thσ name≤á oµá al∞ ì file≤ whicΦ satisf∙ thσ ambiguou≤ filσ namσ afε t∩ bσ listeΣ ì oεá thσ consolσ device«á Al∞ file≤ arσ listeΣ iµ n∩ afεá i≤ ì given. RE╬á ufn1=ufn▓á -- Thσá RE╬ (rename⌐ commanΣ allow≤ thσá use≥á t∩ ì changσ thσ name≤ oµ file≤ oε disk« Thσ filσ satisfyinτ ufn▓ ì is changed to ufn1. SAV┼á ε ufε -- Thσ SAV┼ commanΣ place≤ ε page≤ (256-bytσá blocks⌐ ì onto disk from the TPA and names this file ufn. TYP┼á ufε -- Thσ TYP┼ commanΣ display≤ thσ content≤ oµ thσá ASCI╔ ì sourcσá filσá ufεá oε thσ currentl∙ logged-iεá disδá a⌠á thσ ì console device. USE╥ ε -- Upoε colΣ boot¼á thσ use≥ i≤ automaticall∙ loggeΣ iε t∩ ì Use≥ Areß 0¼á whicΦ i≤ compatablσ witΦ CP/═ 1.┤ directories« ì Thσ USE╥ commanΣ allow≤ thσ use≥ t∩ movσ t∩ anothe≥á logica∞ ì areßá withiεá thσ samσ directory╗á area≤ arσ numbereΣá 0-15« ì Thσ ERA¼á DIR¼á REN¼á SAVE¼á anΣ TYP┼ command≤ appl∙ t∩á thσ ì current User Area. :CP/M Transient Commands The CP/M standard transient commands are -- STA╘á Lis⌠ thσ numbe≥ oµ byte≤ oµ storagσ and data oεá thσ ì currentl∙ááá logged-iεáá disk¼ááá providσáá statistica∞ ì informatioεá abou⌠á particula≥ files¼á anΣá displa∙á o≥ ì alter device assignment. PI╨ LoaΣ thσ Periphera∞ Interchangσ Prograφ fo≥á subsequen⌠ ì disk file and peripheral transfer operations. ED Load and execute the CP/M text editor program. SUBMIT Submit a file of commands for batch processing. XSU┬ UseΣ iε conjunctioε witΦ SUBMIT¼ transfer≤ al∞ buffereΣ ì console input from CON: to the SUBMIT File. AS═á LoaΣá thσá CP/═ assemble≥ anΣ assemblσá thσá specifieΣ ì program from disk. LOA─á LoaΣ thσ filσ iε Inte∞ "hexó machinσ codσá forma⌠á anΣ ì producσá ß filσ iε machinσ executablσ forφ whicΦ caε bσ ì loadeΣ int∩ thσ TP┴ (thi≤ loadeΣ prograφ become≤ ßá ne≈ ì command under the CCP).è DDT Load the CP/M debugger into the TPA and execute it. DUMP Dump the contents of a file in hex. SYSGEN Create a new CP/M system diskette. MOVCP═á Regeneratσá thσá CP/═ systeφ fo≥ ßá particula≥á memor∙ ì size. :Physical Device Assignments for ARIES-1 Logical Device Physical Device CON: TTY: Model 43 Teletype CRT: Hazeltine 1500 CRT BAT: CRT and Modem UC1: In=CRT, Out=CRT and Modem RDR: TTY: Model 43 Teletype PTR: Modem UR1: CRT and Modem w/CRT Output UR2: CRT and Modem PUN: TTY: Model 43 Teletype PTP: Modem UP1: CRT and Modem UP2: CRT and Modem LST: TTY: Model 43 Teletype CRT: Hazeltine 1500 CRT LPT: Modem UL1: CRT and Modem :CP/M STAT Command The STAT Command takes any of the following forms -- STA╘ Calculatσ thσ storagσ remaininτ oε al∞ activσ drive≤ anΣ prin⌠á ß ì message like x: R/W, SPACE: nnnK -- if disk is Read/Write x: R/O, SPACE: nnnK -- if disk is Read Only STAT x: Calculate the storage remaining on the specified drive and print BYTES REMAINING ON x: nnnK STAT x:afn [$S] Scaε thσ specifieΣ file≤ oε thσ specifieΣ drivσ (x║ i≤ optional)¼ ì anΣá lis⌠á al∞ file≤ whicΦ satisf∙ thσ unambiguou≤á referencσá iε ì alphabetica∞á orde≥ witΦ storagσ requirements«á ┴ tablσ likσ thσ ì following is generated -- Size Recs Bytes Ext Acc sssss rrrr nnnk ee a/b d:pppppppp.sss where sssss -- number of virtual 128-byte records in file This field is display if the optional $S is given rrrr -- number of 128-byte records in each extent of the file nnnK -- number of bytes (in K, K=1024) allocated to the file ee -- number of 16K extensions a/b -- access mode of file; R/O or R/W d:pppppppp.sss -- drive name (d may be A, B, C, D) and file name STAT x:=R/O Se⌠ thσ specifieΣ drivσ t∩ ReaΣ Only«á Thi≤ i≤ cleareΣ b∙ ß warφ ì boot. When a disk is Read Only, the message BDOS ERR ON x: READ ONLY will appear if there is an attempt to write to it. STAT VAL: Summarize the status commands. STAT VAL: will print the list -- Temp R/O Disk: d:=R/O Set Indicator: d:filename.typ $R/O $R/W $SYS $DIR Disk Status : DSK: d:DSK: User Status : USR: Iobyte Assign: CON: = TTY: CRT: BAT: UC1: RDR: = TTY: PTR: UR1: UR2: PUN: = TTY: PTP: UP1: UP2: LST: = TTY: CRT: LPT: UL1: STAT DEV: Displa∙á thσá curren⌠ logica∞ t∩ physica∞á devicσá mapping«á Fo≥ ì example, the list may appear as -- CON: = CRT: PUN: = PTP: RDR: = UR1: LST: = TTY: STAT d:afn [$R/O or $R/W or $SYS or $DIR] Se⌠á thσá variou≤á permanen⌠á filσá indicators«áá R/O=Read/Only¼ ì R/W=Read/Write, SYS=System, DIR=Non-System STAT ld1=pd1, ld2=pd2, ... Changσá thσá logica∞á t∩ physica∞á devicσá assignments«á Logica∞ ì devicσ ld▒ i≤ assigneΣ t∩ physica∞ devicσ pd1¼á etc«á Thσá valiΣ ì logical device names are -- CON: The system console device RDR: The paper tape reader device PUN: The paper tape punch device LST: The output list device The valid physical device names are -- TTY: Slow speed output device (teletype) CRT: High speed output device (cathode ray tube) BAT║ BatcΦ processinτ (CON║ inpu⌠ i≤ RDR:¼á CON║ outpu⌠ ì is LST:) UC1: User-defined console PTR: Paper tape reader PTP: Paper tape punch UR1: User-defined reader #1 UR2: User-defined reader #2 UP1: User-defined punch #1 UP2: User-defined punch #2 LPT: Line printer UL1: User-defined list device #1 STAT d:DSK: Lis⌠á thσ characteristic≤ oµ thσ disδ nameΣ "d:"╗á iµ "d:ó i≤ no⌠ ì specified, list the characteristics of all active disks. A sample listing: d: Drive Characteristics 65536: 128 Byte Record Capacity 8192: Kilobyte Drive Capacity 128: 32 Byte Directory Entries 0: Checked Directory Entries 1024: Records/ Extent 128: Records/ Block 58: Sectors/ Track 2: Reserved Tracks STAT USR: Lis⌠á thσá Use≥á Numbe≥ thσ use≥ i≤ currentl∙á iεá anΣá thσá Use≥ ì Number≤á whicΦá havσá file≤á oε thσ currentl∙á addresseΣá disk«á ┴á samplσ ì listing: Active User : 0 Active Files: 0 1 3 :CP/M PIP Command PI╨á (Periphera∞á Interchangσá Program⌐ i≤ thσá CP/═á transien⌠á whicΦ ì implement≤ thσ basiπ mediß conversioε operation≤ necessar∙ t∩ load¼á print¼ ì punch¼á copy¼á anΣá combinσá disδ files«á PI╨ i≤ initiateΣ b∙ onσá oµá thσ ì following forms -- PI╨á Engagσ PIP¼á promp⌠ thσ use≥ witΦ '*'¼á anΣá reaΣ ì commanΣ line≤ directl∙ froφ thσ console« PI╨ useΣ ì iεá thi≤á wa∙ i≤ exiteΣ b∙ eithe≥ typinτ aεá empt∙ ì commanΣ linσ (jus⌠ ß carriagσ return⌐ o≥ ßá Ctrl-├ ì as the first character of the line. PI╨á cmnΣ Engagσ PIP¼á executσ thσ specifieΣá command¼á anΣ ì return to CP/M. The form of each command line in PIP is -- destination = source#1, source#2, source#3, ..., source#n The general forms of PIP command lines are -- x:=y:afεá Cop∙á al∞á file≤ satisfyinτ afε froφ drivσá ∙á t∩ ì drivσ x«á 'yº ma∙ bσ omitted¼á and¼á iµá so¼á thσ ì currently logged-in drive is selected. x:ufn=y║á Cop∙ thσ filσ giveε b∙ ufε froφ ∙ t∩ x«á 'xº ma∙ ì bσ omitted¼á and¼á iµ so¼á thσ currentl∙ logged-iε ì drive is selected. x:afn=y:afε Likσ thσ above¼ bu⌠ ° and/o≥ ∙ ma∙ bσ omitted╗ thσ ì defaul⌠áá drivσá i≤á selecteΣá fo≥áá thσáá omitteΣ ì drive(s). ld=pΣá Cop∙á froφ thσ specifieΣ physica∞ devicσá t∩á thσ ì specifieΣá logica∞ device«á ValiΣ logica∞ device≤ ì are -- CON:, RDR:, PUN:, LST: Valid physical devices are -- TTY:, CRT:, UC1:, PTR:, PTP:, UR1:, UR2:, UP1:, UP2:, LPT:, UL1: Additional device names which may be used in PIP commands are -- NUL: Send 40 Nulls (ASCII 0) to the device. EOF: Send a CP/M End of File character (ASCII Ctrl-Z). INP: Special PIP input source to be patched (see manual). OUT║á Specia∞á PI╨á outpu⌠ destinatioε t∩á bσá patcheΣá (seσ ì manual). PRN║á Samσ a≤ LST:¼á bu⌠ tab≤ arσ expandeΣ a⌠á ever∙á eightΦ ì characte≥ position¼ line≤ arσ numbered¼ anΣ pagσ eject≤ ì are inserted every 60 lines with an initial eject. Thσá use≥á caεá als∩ specif∙ onσ o≥ morσ PI╨á parameter≤á encloseΣá iε ì square brackets separated by zero or more blanks. These parameters are -- ┬á Blocδ modσ transfer«á Datß i≤ buffereΣ b∙ PI╨ unti∞ aε ASCI╔ X-ì Off character (Ctrl-S) is received from the source device. Dεá Deletσ character≤ whicΦ extenΣ pas⌠ columε ε iε thσ transfe≥á oµ ì data to the destination from the character source. E Echo all transfer operations to the console. F Filter (remove) form feeds from the file. Gn Get File from User Number n (n in the range 0 - 15) ╚ He° datß transfer« Al∞ datß i≤ checkeΣ fo≥ prope≥ Inte∞ he° filσ ì format. I Ignore ':00' records in the transfer of Intel hex format file. L Translate upper case to lower case alphabetics. N Add line numbers to each line transferred to the destination. O Object file (non-ASCII) transfer. Ignore End of File. Pn Include page ejects at every n lines. Qs^┌áQui⌠á copyinτ froφ thσ sourcσ devicσ o≥ filσ wheε thσá strinτá ≤ ì (terminated by Ctrl-Z) is encountered. R Read system files Ss^Z Start copying from the source file when the string s is seen. Tn Expand tabs to every nth column. U Translate lower case to upper case alphabetics. V Verify that data has been copied correctly. W Write over R/O files without console interrogation Z Zero the parity bit on input for each ASCII character. :CP/M ED Command Thσá E─á Prograφá i≤ thσ CP/═á systeφá contex⌠á editor¼á whicΦá allow≤ ì creatioε anΣ alteratioε oµ ASCI╔ files«á Completσ detail≤ arσ giveε iε thσ ì user's manual. The following are the error indicators given by ED -- ? Unrecognized Command > Memory buffer full # Cannot apply command the number of times specified O Cannot open LIB file in R command The following are the control characters recognized by ED -- ^C System reboot ^E Physical <CR> <LF> (not entered in command) ^H Character delete (backspace) ^I Logical tab ^J New line (line feed) ^L Logical <CR> <LF> in search and substitute strings ^M New line (carriage return) ^U Line delete ^X Line delete and backspace ^Z String terminator Rubout Character delete Break Discontinue command The following are the commands recognized by ED -- nA Append lines +/- B Beginning/Bottom of buffer +/- nC Move character positions +/- nD Delete characters E Exit nFs^Z Find string H End edit, close and reopen files Is^Z Insert characters nJ Place strings in juxtaposition +/- nK Kill (delete) lines +/- nL Move down/up lines nM Macro definition O Return to original file +/- nP Move and print pages Q Quit with no file changes R Read library file nSs1^Zs2^Z Substitute s2 for s1 +/- nT Type lines +/- U Translate lower to upper case if U; none if -U +/- V Engage/disengage line numbers (verify) 0V Print memory buffer info (free/total usage) nW Write lines nX Transfer n lines to X$$$$$$$.LIB 0X Empty X$$$$$$$.LIB nZ Sleep +/- n Move and type (+/- nLT) n: Move to absolute line (V engaged) :n Process from current line to specified line (V engaged) :CP/M ASM Command Thσ AS═ CommanΣ load≤ anΣ execute≤ thσ CP/═ 808░ assembler«á I⌠ i≤ oµ ì the form -- ASM filename.xyz where filename ... is the name of the file 'filename.ASM' to assemble x ... designates the disk name which contains the source y ... designates the disk name to contain the hex file (y=Z suppresses generation of the hex file) z ... designates the disk name to contain the print file (y=X lists on CON:, y=Z suppresses listing) Refer to the ASM Manual for further details. :CP/M LOAD Command Thσ LOA─ CommanΣ read≤ thσ filσ specified¼ whicΦ i≤ assumeΣ t∩ contaiε ì Inte∞ he° forma⌠ machinσ codσ anΣ produce≤ ß memor∙ imagσ filσ whicΦ caε bσ ì subsequently executed (converts .HEX to .COM files). It is of the form -- LOAD filename where filename is the name of the file 'filename.HEX'. :The UNLOAD Command Thσ UNLOA─ CommanΣ doe≤ thσ reversσ oµ thσ LOA─ CommanΣ -- i⌠ convert≤ ì COM files to HEX files. It is of the form -- UNLOAD filename where filename is the name of the file 'filename.COM'. :CP/M DDT Command Thσá DD╘á Prograφ allow≤ dynamiπ interactivσ testinτ anΣ debugginτá oµ ì programs generated in the CP/M environment. It is invoked by -- DDT DDT filename.HEXè DDT filename.COM where 'filename' is the name of the program to be loaded or tested. DDT responds to the normal CP/M input line editing characters. DDT responds to the following commands -- As Perform inline assembly starting at the specified address s. D Display memory from the current address for 16 display lines. Ds Display memory from address s for 16 display lines. Ds,f Display memory from address s to address f. Fs,f,c Fill memory from start address s to final address f with byte c. G Start execution at the current value of the PC. Gs Start execution at the specified address s. Gs,ΓáStar⌠ executioε a⌠ thσ specifieΣ addres≤ ≤ anΣ se⌠ ßá breakpoin⌠ ì at the address b. Gs,b,c Same as above with breakpoints at b and c. G,b Start execution at the current value of the PC with breakpoint b. G,b,c Same as above with breakpoints at b and c. If Insert a file name f into the default FCB. L List 12 lines of disassembled code from the current address. Ls List 12 lines from the specified address s. Ls,f List lines of disassembled code from s to f. Ms,f,d Move the block from address s to f to destination at address d. R Read file in FCB into memory at 100H. Rb Read file in FCB into memory with offset b from 100H. Ss Set (examine and alter) memory starting at address s. T Trace the next instruction. Tn Trace the next n instructions. U Untrace -- like Trace, but intermediate steps are not displayed. X Examine all registers and flags. Xr Examine specified registers or flag, where r may be -- C Carry flag Z Zero flag M Minus (sign) flag I Interdigit Carry flag A Accumulator B BC Reg pair D DE Reg pair H HL Reg pair S Stack pointer P PC :The ZDT Command ZDT is a Z80 version of DDT. It is invoked by typing -- ZDT Thσá command≤á recognizeΣ b∙ ZD╘ arσ inpu⌠ iεá single-characte≥á inpu⌠ ì mode«á N∩á inpu⌠ linσ editinτ i≤ done¼á anΣ eacΦ commanΣ expect≤ aεá exac⌠ ì input«á Al∞ bytσ value≤ arσ exactl∙ tw∩ characters¼á anΣ al∞ addresse≤ arσ ì exactly four characters. The commands recognized by ZDT are -- A bbbb Ente≥ ASCI╔ character≤ int∩ memor∙ froφ keyboarΣ startinτ a⌠ ì address bbbb. B Warm Boot -- Return to CP/M. C bbbb eeee nnnn Comparσá memor∙ froφ addres≤ bbbΓ t∩ addres≤ eeeσá t∩á blocδ ì starting at nnnn. D bbbb eeee Dump memory from bbbb to eeee. E bbbb eeee <ASCII string> SearcΦá fo≥á ASCI╔ strinτ froφ bbbΓ t∩ eeee«á Strinτ i≤á a⌠ ì most 16 characters. String is terminated by <CR>. F bbbb eeee <hex string> SearcΦá fo≥á he°á strinτá froφá bbbΓá t∩á eeee«á Strinτá i≤ ì terminated by <CR>. G Go to next breakpoint. H aaaa nnnn Hex add and subtract. Computes aaaa+nnnn and aaaa-nnnn. I nn Input. Prints value at port nn. J nnnn Jump to and execute at location nnnn. K Keyboard echo. L filename.typ nnnn Loads specified disk file into location nnnn. M bbbb eeee nnnn Move block from bbbb to eeee-1 to nnnn. N aaaa Enter offset aaaa for loading. O nn dd Output byte dd to port nn. P bbbb Inpu⌠ he° int∩ memor∙ froφ keyboarΣ startinτ a⌠ bbbb«á <sp╛ ì advances pointer, <rub> or <del> backs pointer. Q bbbb eeee Dumps from bbbb to eeee in ASCII. R n ll tt ss bbbb ReaΣ blocδ oµ datß froφ disδ ε oµ lengtΦ l∞ (256-bytσ pages⌐ ì starting at track tt and sector ss placing the data at bbbb. S bbbb eeee Disassembly (symbolic dump) from bbbb to eeee. T bbbb eeee Destructive memory test from bbbb to eeee-1. U bbbb Set breakpoint at bbbb. V Display all currently-set breakpoints. W n ll tt ss bbbb Writσ oε disδ ε thσ datß a⌠ bbbΓ fo≥ ß lengtΦ oµ l∞ startinτ ì at track tt, sector ss. ll is in 256-byte pages. X Display registers. Z bbbb eeee dd Zero or set memory from bbbb to eeee-1 with byte dd. :CP/M SYSGEN Command Thσá SYSGE╬ transien⌠ commanΣ allow≤ generatioε oµ aε initializeΣ disδ ì containing the CP/M Operating System. It is invoked by typing SYSGEN Oncσ invoked¼á thσ use≥ i≤ prompteΣ througΦ thσ session« Refe≥ t∩ thσ ì CP/M Manual for further details. :CP/M SUBMIT and XSUB Commands Thσá SUBMI╘á commanΣ allow≤ CP/═ command≤ t∩ bσ batcheΣá togethe≥á fo≥ ì automatic processing. The form of this command is SUBMIT ufn parm1 parm2 ... parmn Thσ ufε giveε iε thσ SUBMI╘ commanΣ mus⌠ bσ thσ filenamσ (no⌠ type⌐ oµ ì ßá filσ whicΦ exist≤ oε thσ currentl∙ logged-iε disδ witΦ aεá assumeΣá filσ ì type of '.SUB'. Refer to the CP/M Manual for further details. Thσá XSU┬á commanΣ extend≤ thσ powe≥ oµá thσá SUBMI╘á facility«á Wheε ì specifieΣá a≤ thσ firs⌠ linσ oµ ß SUBMI╘ File¼á i⌠ self-relocate≤á directl∙ ì belo≈ thσ CCP«á Al∞ subsequen⌠ SUBMI╘ commanΣ line≤ arσ processeΣ b∙ XSUB¼ ì s∩á tha⌠á program≤á whicΦ reaΣ buffereΣ consolσ inpu⌠á (BDO╙á Functioεá 10⌐ ì receivσ inpu⌠ directl∙ froφ thσ SUBMI╘ File«á Whilσ XSU┬ i≤ iε memory¼á i⌠ ì print≤á thσ messagσ "(xsuΓ active)ó oε eacΦ warφ boot«á Aε examplσ oµá thσ ì use of XSUB to display memory from 100H to 1FFH is -- XSUB DDT D100,1FF G0 :CP/M BDOS -- Basic I/O Operations Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters System Reset 0 None None Read Console 1 None ASCII Char in A Write Console 2 ASCII Char in E None Read Reader 3 None ASCII Char in A Write Punch 4 ASCII Char in E None Write List 5 ASCII Char in E None Direct Con I/O 6 ASCII Char in E I/O Status in A if E=0FFH Get I/O Status 7 None I/O Status in A Put I/O Status 8 I/O Status in E None Print Buffer 9 Address of string None terminated by $ in DEè Read Buffer 10 Address of Read Read Buffer is filled Buffer in DE Console Ready 11 None LSB of A is 1 if char ready *All function numbers are passed in Reg C. I/O Status Byte -- Value Bits 6&7 Bits 4&5 Bits 2&3 Bits 0&1 00 CON:=TTY: RDR:=TTY: PUN:=TTY: LST:=TTY: 01 CRT: PTR: PTP: CRT: 10 BAT: UR1: UP1: LPT: 11 UC1: UR2: UP2: UL1: Read Buffer -- Byte Function 1 Maximum Buffer Length 2 Current Buffer Length (returned value) 3-n Data (returned values) :CP/M BIOS -- Basic Disk Operations Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters Return Version # 12 None Version Info in HL H=0 CP/M, H=1 MP/M L=00 CP/M 1.x, 2x 2.x Init BDOS 13 None None Log-In Disk 14 Value in Reg E None A=0, B=1, C=2, D=3 Open File 15 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB in DE if found or 0FFH if not Close File 16 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB in DE if found or 0FFH if not Search for File 17 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB (0-3) in DE if found or 0FFH if not Search for Next 18 Address of FCB Byte address of next FCB in DE if found or 0FFH if not Delete File 19 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB (0-3) in DE if found or 0FFH if not Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters Read Next Record 20 Address of FCB 0=successful read in DE 1=read past EOF 2=reading random data Write Next Rec 21 Address of FCB 0=successful write in DE 1=error in extending 2=end of disk data 255=no more dir space Make File 22 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB or in DE 255 if no more dir space Rename FCB 23 Address of FCB Byte Address of Dir entry in DE or 255 if no match Return Log Code 24 None Login vector in HL Read Drive No 25 None Number of logged-in drive (A=0, B=1, C=2, D=3) Set DMA Address 26 Address of 128 None byte buffer in DE Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters Ge⌠áAlloπ Vec⌠ 2╖ Nonσ Allocatioε Vec⌠ Add≥á iε ì HL Write Prot Disk 28 None None Get R/O Vect 29 None HL=R/O Vect Val Set File Attrib 30 Ptr to FCB in DE Dir code in A Get Disk Parms 31 None HL=DPB Address Set/Get Usr Code 32 E=0FFH (get)/Code A=Current code (get)/no (set) value (set) Read Random 33 DE=FCB addr A=return code 1=reading unwritten data 2=(not used) 3=can't close curr ext 4=seek to unwritten ext 5=(not used) 6=seek past end of disk Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters Write Random 34 DE=FCB addr A=return code 1=reading unwritten data 2=(not used) 3=can't close curr ext 4=seek to unwritten ext 5=dir overflow 6=seek past end of disk Compute File Siz 35 DE=FCB addr Random Rec Field set to file size Set Random Rec 36 DE=FCB addr Random Rec Field set *All function numbers are passed in Reg C :CP/M File Types AIN ALGOL 60 Intermediate ALG ALGOL 60 Source File ASM Assembler Source File BAK Backup File BAS BASIC Source File C C Source File COB COBOL Source File COM "Command" File FOR FORTRAN IV Source File HEX Intel "hex" code file HLP HELP File INT BASIC Intermediate File LST Listing File MAC MACRO-80 Source File PAS PASCAL Source File PRN Assembler Listing File REL Relocatable Module SRC PASCAL/MT Source File SUB SUBMIT File SYM Symbol File TC Tiny-C Source File TFS TFS Source File TXT Text File $$$ Temporary File :CP/M BIOS Jump Vector Thσá followinτ i≤ ß tablσ representinτ thσ entr∙ point≤ int∩ thσá CP/═ ì BIOS of the major routines accessable to the user -- Routine Relative Offset Comment BOOT 00H Cold Start WBOOT 03H Warm Start CONST 06H Console Status Reg A = 00 if no char ready Reg A = FF if char ready CONIN 09H Console char in (Reg A) CONOUT 0CH Console char out (Reg C) LIST 0FH List out (Reg C) PUNCH 12H Punch out (Reg C) READER 15H Reader in (Reg A) Routine Relative Offset Comment HOME 18H Move to track 00 SELDSK 1BH Select disk given by Reg C (A=0,B=1,...) SETTR╦á 1E╚á Se⌠á tracδá addres≤á giveεá b∙á Reτá ├ (0...76) SETSE├á 21╚á Se⌠á secto≥á addres≤ giveεá b∙á Reτá ├ (1...26) SETDMA 24H Set subsequent DMA address (RP B&C) READ 27H Read track/sector (block) WRITE 2AH Write track/sector (block) LISTST 2DH List Device Status Reg A = 00 if no char ready Reg A = FF if char ready SECTRA╬á 30╚ Translatσ secto≥ numbe≥ iε Reτ ├á usinτ ì tablσ pointeΣ t∩ b∙ DE╗ physica∞ secto≥ ì number returned in Reg L