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+ 1 SS * SpreadSheet Help Menu * COMMANDS Setting Up A SpreadSheet .............. ....................................... | COMPUTE | | COMPUTE || Starting a SpreadSheet | | CLEAN | | COL || Column Equations | | COMBINE | | ROW || Row Equations | |............| |...........||........................| Other Stuff .................................... ...................................... | TERM || Built-in Formulas | | RC || Re-Calculation | | LABELS || Column Labels & Text | | FORMAT || Changing Column Formats | | ZV || Zero Value Assignment | | FRAME || Framing & Scrolling | | STORE || Store & Fetch Values | | COMBINE || Linking SpreadSheets | | OCALC || Order of Calculation | | AA || Active Areas | |........||........................| |.........||.........................| + 1 COMPUTE 1/1 WHAT NEXT? <COMPUTE> COMPUTE tells T/Maker to "calculate" values according to the row and column equations placed in a T/Maker work area. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Every T/Maker SpreadSheet has: * An "Example Line" starting a spreadsheet. ("Model Numbers"on Example Line locate where columns of numbers are placed, and dictate what format & accuracy those numbers have.) * "Column Equations" that are equations between numbers in a column. ( Equations occupy the first 7 columns in the work area. ) * "Row Equations" that are equations between the numbers in a row. ( Equations are placed above each row. ) + 2 EX The EXAMPLE LINE: (1) Starts with the word "EXAMPLE" in the first 7 columns . (2) Provides "Column Model Numbers" * Locates where columns of numbers are positioned. * Dictate accuracy & format of numbers in each column. * Are separated from each other by one or more spaces. * Are formed by any string of characters. (13 digit accuracy) * Are "invisible" if started with a comma. (see Column ",C" ) Note: Numbers can be entered anywhere under the Model Number. COMPUTE will align these numbers correctly. (3) Must be below the top of the screen before a COMPUTE is invoked. ( See [ AA ] for more information. ) ........................................................................... 1234567 Example AAAAA BBB,BBB.BB ,C D.DDDD EE ::::::: ::::: :::::::::: :::::: :: + Math equations are formed using "operators" & "terminators". .............................................................................. Operators are just ordinary "math signs", just like those used on a calculator. ( + ) addition ( * ) multiplication ( - ) subtraction ( / ) division Note: Every row & column equation must have at least one ( + ) sign in it. ............................................................................... Terminators are "result signs". ( = ) Also, there are 23 "advanced" result signs that perform more sophisticated calculations. (eg., finding a square root of a result.) ( See Help section [ TERM ] for examples. ) + 2 AA This line is defined as the TOP OF THE SCREEN Line. It was the line the cursor was on before Exiting the Editor. Everything below the Top of the Screen Line is considered ACTIVE. Commands (e.g, COMPUTE, PRINT, ALIGN ) will work only in the active area. So, it's a good idea to Home The Cursor before the command. + 2 COL COLUMN EQUATIONS ARE MADE UP OF MATH SYMBOLS. ---------------- * The math symbols in a column equation must line up under one of the letters in the word "Example", forming a "Vertical Strip". * Once a result symbol ( = ) has been used in a Vertical Strip, a new column equation can begin under it in the same Strip. * When two or more result symbols are on the same row, the final result will be the sum of each column equation result. ............................................. Example aa,aaa bb,bbb cc,ccc.cc | | COLUMN EQUATIONS Also: + 10,000 20,000 100.25 | + 10,000 20,000 100.25 | * Work on all columns ------ ------ ------ | in a table. = + 20,000 40,000 200.50 | * 2 2 10 | * Can be linked. = 40,000 80,000 2,005.00 | + * SAMPLE SPREADSHEET * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Example aaa,aaa bbb,bbb ccc,ccc *PRODUCT A* *PRODUCT B* *PRODUCT C* + Units Sold 1,000 1,500 5,000 * Unit Price 50 20 10 = + REVENUES 50,000 30,000 50,000 + Materials 20,000 15,000 25,000 + Labor 5,000 5,000 20,000 = - EXPENSES 25,000 20,000 45,000 = PROFIT $ 25,000 $ 10,000 $ 5,000 + 2 ROW ROW EQUATIONS show the MATH RELATIONSHIP between numbers in a row. -------------- Each entered row of numbers must have an operator (a math sign) somewhere in the first 7 columns of that row. This lets T/Maker know there are numbers on this row. Each row of numbers has an equation above it, called a "row equation". ROW EQUATIONS: ..................................... Example aaa bbb ccc | * Always begin with a row code in ....................................| column 1 (eg, the jc in "jc1"). jc1 + + = | + 5 5 10 | * Always have a "Row Code Number". ....................................| (eg, the 1 in "jc1") jc1 + * = | + 5 5 25 | * Contain math signs that appear ....................................| above the number it'll work on. + The "JC1" ROW CODE: ................................. Example aaa bbb ccc | ................................| ....... jc1 + = | The | JC1 | row code tells T/Maker to + 10 10 | |.....| ................................| "JUST COMPUTE" the NEXT row of numbers jc1 + + = | + 10 5 15 | (the next row starting with a math sign) ................................| jc1 + - = | according to the equation on the JC1 row. + 10 5 5 | ................................| jc1 + * = | + 10 5 50 | ................................| jc1 + / = | + 10 5 2 | ................................| + ROW CODE NUMBERS Up to 30 Equations can operate on a single row of numbers. T/Maker stores an equation according to it's row code number. At a row of entered data, T/Maker will get the equation stored in ............................................. the first row code number Example aaa bbb ccc ddd eee | location (jc1) and performs ............................................| that calculation on the row jc1 + + = | of entered data. jc2 + - = | + 10 5 15 12 3 | T/Maker then looks at the ............................................| second row code number (jc2) jc1 + + = | location and performs that jc1 + - = | equation on the row of data. + 10 5 0 12 -12 | ............................................| And so on. Each equation has a unique row code number. Re-using a number will cancel the previously stored equation. (Note last example above.) + MULTIPLE ROW EQUATIONS * SHORT CUT * Equations that operate on numbers from left to right can be placed on the same row code line. For example, the second JC1 performs the same math on the data row as the first series of JC'S ( jc1, jc2, jc3 ). ............................................................. Example aaa bbb ccc ddd eee fff ggg | ............................................................| jc1 + + = | jc2 + - = | jc3 + * = | + 10 5 15 12 3 2 6 | ............................................................| jc1 + + =+ - =+ * = | + 10 5 15 12 3 2 6 | ............................................................| + 3 AC MORE ROW CODES: "Special" ROW CODES can act on a combination of rows. ....... | AC1 | "ALWAYS COMPUTE" row code tells T/Maker to apply this equation |.....| to EVERY ROW in a spreadsheet. ---------- ..................................... .................................... Example aaa bbb ccc | |Example aaa bbb ccc Food Gas Total | | Food Gas Total jc1 + + = | |ac1 + + = + 1981: 10 10 20 | |+ 1981 10 10 20 jc1 + + = | |+ 1982 20 20 40 + 1982: 20 20 40 | |+ 1983 30 30 60 jc1 + + = | |+ 1984 40 40 80 + 1983: 30 30 60 | |................................... jc1 + + = | + 1984: 40 40 80 | These two examples COMPUTE ....................................| the same result ! + ....... | AC1 | "ALWAYS COMPUTE" row code tells T/Maker to apply this equation |.....| to every row in a spreadsheet. Remember, "JC" acts on the next row of data only, almost as if the equation was stored within T/Maker temporarily. However, the other row code lines (such as AC) are stored in T/Maker permanently until replaced by any other row equation using the same row code number. + 4 UC ....... || ....... | UC1 | "USUALLY COMPUTE" applies || | RC1 | "RARELY COMPUTE" applies |.....| to every DATA row. || |.....| to every DERIVED row. || (The equation on the UC row code line || (The equation on the RC code line will only "work" on DATA rows.) || will only "work" on DERIVED rows.) || DATA rows don't have any result signs. || A DERIVED row has a result sign (=). || * COMPUTE with "UC" * || * COMPUTE with "RC" * ............................ || ........................... Example aaa bbb ccc | || Example aaa bbb ccc | uc1 + * = | || rc1 + * = | ...........................| || ..........................| + 1 1 1 |DATA ROW || + 1 1 0 |data row ...........................| || ..........................| + 3 3 9 |DATA ROW || + 3 3 0 |data row ...........................| || ..........................| = 4 4 10 |derived row|| = 4 4 16 |DERIVED ...........................| || ..........................| + * MORE ROW CODES * ....... ....... | SC | "SUSPEND COMPUTE" | CC | "CANCEL COMPUTE" |.....| |.....| All previous row codes will All previous row codes not apply to next row. are canceled. For both SC & CC row codes, a row code number can be specified to suspend or cancel a particular row code equation. ====================================================================== Remember . . . All row equations can be accomplished with the JC code. All other row codes are short cuts for the JC code. + 2 ZV The ZERO VALUE LINE You can tell T/Maker how a "null value" ( or zero value ) will be displayed. The Zero Value line follows the Example Line and: * Starts with the letters ZV in the first two columns. * "Zero value symbols" are placed on this line under column and will be used to represent any Zero Value in this column. ..................................... Example aaaaa bbb ccccc ddd | ZV ... zip 0 | ....................................| + 5 5 5 5 | + -5 -5 -5 -5 | ....................................| = ... zip 0 | ....................................| + 2 LABELS Example::aaaaa::::bbbbbb:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ccccc::: ::::::: ::::::: JAN 82 FEB 82 MAR 82 ::: + : ::::: :::::: We can put labels & text anywhere ::::: ::::::: JAN 83 FEB 83 except: MAR 83 ::: + : ::::: :::::: ::::: ::::::: * On an Example Line ::::::: TOTAL TOTAL (Text mistaken for Model Numbers) TOTAL : + = : ::::: :::::: ::::: ::::::: * In first 7 columns under Example Line ::::::: (Area reserved for math signs) ::::::: ::::::: * Intersection of math sign & Model Number ::::::: (Numbers go there) ::::::: ::::::: Example --> We can put text under a "Blank Example Line" (one with no Model Numbers). Because of this, it's a good idea to end all Tables with a Blank Example Line. + 2 STORE STORING & FETCHING VALUES ....... ....... | stA | STORE value in | ftA | FETCH value residing in |.....| "slot A" |.....| "slot A" You can STORE a value for every letter of the alphabet, and FETCH that value back again in a different part of the spreadsheet. ............................................ Example aaa bbb ccc ddd eee | * If T/Maker FETCHes a value ZV | from a "slot" where nothing ...........................................| was STOREd to, a zero will jc1 stA stB | will be FETCHed. + 10 5 | ...........................................| jc1 ftB ftA | + 5 10 | ...........................................| + 2 OCALC 1/1 WHAT NEXT? <COMPUTE> * ORDER OF CALCULATION * A COMPUTE sends T/Maker calculating "left to right" - "top to bottom" once. 1) T/Maker finds the first row that has a math sign on it in the first 7 cols. 2) T/Maker calculates any applicable row equations for this row in the order determined by their row code numbers. 3) T/Maker then goes to the next row with a math sign (in first 7 cols) and calculates the column values if the math sign is a terminator. T/Maker now goes back to Step 2. This loop continues until T/Maker can't find any more rows with math signs or until it finds a Blank Example Line (contains no Model Numbers). + 3 RC 1/1 WHAT NEXT? <COMPUTE C C C C C ...> * RE-CALCULATION * You can ask T/Maker to make another COMPUTE pass at a table by following COMPUTE with a " C " (the number of " C "s will be the number of passes). Thus, you can STORE values calculated at the bottom of a column and FETCH them for use at the top of another column by "re-COMPUTING". ............................... ............................... Example aaaa bbbb cccc | |Example aaaa bbbb cccc ..............................| |.............................. jc1 fta ftb | |jc1 fta ftb + 5 | |+ 5 50 500 * 10 10 10 | |* 10 10 10 ..............................| |.............................. jc1 sta stb | Result of |jc1 sta stb = |COMPUTE C C|= 50 500 5000 ..............................| |............................... + 2 FORMAT CHANGING COLUMN FORMATS (Multiple Example Lines) Example aaaa b,bbb.bb cccc * Columns always retain their ---- -------- ---- relative order. A Column + 2500 1,500.00 1000 can be "plugged" with the :::: :::::::: :::: use of a Comma Model Number, :::: :::::::: :::: A "plugged" column can be Example aa,aaa.aaa , ccc re-opened at any time. ---------- --- = + 2,500.000 *** * If a Model Number is too ::::::::: ::: small for a result, ::::::::: ::: Asterisks (***) will appear Example a,aaa b,bbb.b xx,xxx,xxx,xxx as the temporary result. ----- ------- -------------- =+ 2,500 1,500.0 :::::::::1,000 * Any character (except a ",") ::::: ::::::: :::::::::::::: can make up a Model Number. ::::: ::::::: :::::::::::::: Example * Blank Example Lines will = stop a T/Maker COMPUTE. + 2 FRAME <ESC> <F> FRAMES any portion of the T/Maker screen. Frame will freeze one portion of the screen, while allowing you to scroll through the other portion. (Exception: Frame will not work in row 1/col 1) Example aaaaa ggggg hhhhh iiiii jjjjj kkkkk /////////////////////////////////////////////// // JAN // AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC // + Revenues: 100 // 250 265 275 450 525 - Expenses: 25 // 55 65 75 100 125 ------------------------//-------------------------------------------- = PROFITS: $ 75 // $ 195 $ 200 $ 200 $ 350 $ 400 // // + 2 TERM SUMMARY OF BUILT-IN ROW & COLUMN RESULTS TERMINATORS = Simple result sin Sine of result (radians) % Result multiplied by 100 cos Cosine of result # Result divided by 100 tan Tangent of result rec Reciprocal of result atn Arctangent sqr Square root of result sgn Sign of result (+1, 0, -1) abs Absolute value of result ply Max of zero and result avr Simple Average (only + signs) nly Max of zero and (-)result exp e to power of result sfh Result subtracted from 100 log Natural log of result sfo Result subtracted from 1 /10 log to base 10 of result SPECIAL TERMINATORS FOR ROW & COLUMNS cnt Total Count of "+" signs ~ Percent Change (between 2 #'s) max Max of two numbers ^ Raised to Power of min Min of two numbers (Type: Y for examples of above formulas as well as more advanced formulas.) + ............................................................................... |SIMPLE RESULT | RESULT x 100 | RESULT ÷ 100 | 1 - RESULT |100 - RESULT | | ( = ) | ( % ) | ( # ) | (sfo) | ( sfh ) | |...............|...............|...............|...............|.............| |Example aa |Example aaa |Example aaa |Example a.aa |Example aaa | | + 5 | - 4 | + 100 |+ 0.10 |+ 5 | | + 5 | + 5 | |+ 0.20 |+ 5 | | = 10 | % 100 | # 1 |sfo 0.70 |sfh 90 | |...............|...............|...............|...............|.............| ................................................................. |SIMPLE AVERAGE | SQUARE ROOT | ABSOLUTE VALUE| RECIPROCAL | | (avr) | ( sqr ) | ( abs ) | ( rec ) | BUILT-IN |...............|...............|...............|...............| |Example aa |Example aa |Example aa |Example aa | FORMULAS | + 5 | + 2 | + 5 |+ 5 | | + 15 | * 8 | - 10 |/ 10 | & | avr 10 | sqr 4 | abs 5 |rec 2 | TERMINATORS |...............|...............|...............|...............| ( Type: Y for special built-in formulas ) + SPECIAL FORMULAS FOR ROW & COLUMN EQUATIONS .............................................................................. | MAX of two | MIN of two | PERCENT | The "+ number" | The Total | | numbers | numbers | CHANGE | RAISED TO THE | COUNT of | | denoted | denoted |from + number | POWER | + signs in | | by + and * | by + and * | to * number |of the "* number"| an equation | |..............|..............|..............|.................|.............| | | | | | | |Example aaa |Example aaa |Example aaa |Example aaa |Example aaa | | | | | | + 50 | | + 10 | + 10 | + 4 | + 10 | + 60 | | * 5 | * 5 | * 6 | * 2 | + 75 | | | | | | | | max 10 | min 5 | ~ 50 %| ^ 100 | cnt 3 | |..............|..............|..............|.................|.............| + 3 CONSTANTS CONSTANTS can be used in a spreadsheet with use of special row code lines. The row code and row code number is followed by the math symbol which will operate on the constant value. Example aaaa bbbb ac1 + = ac2* 1.10 + 100 110 + 200 220 + 300 330 ( See reference manual for more on constants ) + SPECIAL NOTATIONS FOR ROW EQUATIONS (Horizontal Calculations only) * These special row equations appear on their own row equation-line. * The math symbols need not appear in the order shown below. ....................................... Example aaa bbb ccc ddd | ......................................| jc1 dis + + net | NET PRESENT VALUE: Discount rate + 10 % 20 40 56 | applied to + columns. ......................................| jc1 prj + + + | COMPOUND PROJECTIONS: The leftmost + 10 % 100 110 121 | + column projected to right based | on the growth rate in PRJ column. ......................................| jc1 inc + + + | INCREMENTAL (LINEAR) GROWTH : The + 10 % 100 110 120 | leftmost + column is projected to ......................................| right based on increment in INC. (Type: [ Y ] for more.) + SPECIAL NOTATIONS FOR ROW EQUATIONS [con't] (Horizontal Calcs only) - + / grw GROWTH RATE in going from - to + columns. The / is is the number of periods. - * * + grw GROWTH RATE in going from - to + columns. The * is used to mark intervening periods. + + + + pch PERCENT CHANGE : % change from one + column to another. + + + + pct PERCENT OF : + columns are converted to % of PCT column. + + + + cum CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION : + columns are converted to CD. + + + + chg ABSOLUTE CHANGE BETWEEN COLUMNS: + columns are converted to represent difference between a + col. and the col. to left + + + + mvr MOVE COLUMN RIGHT: Value of + columns moved over one + + + + mvl MOVE COLUMN LEFT : Value of + columns moved over one + 1 CLEAN 1/1 WHAT NEXT? <CLEAN> CLEAN eliminates the first 7 columns of text, as well as all row & column equation notation. (CLEAN won't affect Print Design commands.) Warning: If you issue CLEAN command without SAVE-ing a spreadsheet, you cannot get your Vertical or Horizontal Equations back. Always SAVE before CLEANing. ................ .clean | Hint: Always use the ( .clean/.noclean ) Example aa | Print Design command. + 1 | + 1 | This will allow you to specify the areas to = 2 | be temporarily "cleaned". .noclean | ...............| + 1 COMBINE 1/1 WHAT NEXT? <COMBINE> COMBINE allows you to "combine" a spreadsheet in the work file area with a similar spreadsheets on disk on a spreadsheet by spreadsheet basis. 1/1 WHAT NEXT? <TRANSFER> TRANSFER allows you to "transfer" values in a spreadsheet stored on disk into a spreadsheet in the working area. (Cell by cell TRANSFER.) ( See Reference Manual for more on both these Topics.)