CP/M

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ CP/M / CPM_CDROM.iso / enterprs / c128 / util / unix128a.arc / MAN1 next >

Wrap

Text File | 1991-12-31 | 18.6 KB | 475 lines

+! ╒╙┴╟┼: ![OPTION] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ! IS THE HISTORY SUBSTITUTION PREFIX. ╔T IS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ╚╔╙╘╧╥┘ COMMAND TO RECALL PREVIOUS COMMANDS. ╓ARIATIONS: !! REPEATS THE PREVIOUS COMMAND !!:P PRINTS THE PREVIOUS COMMAND !* APPEND ALL THE ARGUMENTS FROM THE PREVIOUS COMMAND !^ APPEND THE FIRST ARGUMENT FROM THE PREVIOUS COMMAND !$ APPEND THE LAST ARGUMENT FROM THE PREVIOUS COMMAND !:N APPEND THE N'TH ARGUMENT (N=1-9) FROM THE PREVIOUS COMMAND !N REPEATS THE N'TH COMMAND OF YOUR SESSION !-N REPEATS THE COMMAND ISSUED N TIMES AGO !WORD REPEATS THE COMMAND THAT STARTS WITH 'WORD' !?WORD REPEATS THE COMMAND THAT CONTAINS THE STRING 'WORD' ╬OTE THAT WITH !! YOU CAN ADD ARGUMENTS, FOR EXAMPLE: % LS % !! -╞ = LS -╞ +.!. ╒╙┴╟┼: % .!. ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW ╒NIX 128 CREDITS. +< ╒╙┴╟┼: % [COMMAND] < [FILE] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╘AKE INPUT FROM A DISK FILE. ╘HIS COMMAND IS USUALLY UNNECESSARY, SINCE MOST COMMANDS ALREADY TAKE FILE ARGUMENTS. ╙EE > +> ╒╙┴╟┼: % [COMMAND] > [FILE] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╥E-ROUTE OUTPUT TO A DISK FILE. ┴ COMMAND SUCH AS ╠╙ >╞╔╠┼ WILL SHOW THE DIRECTORY AND COPY THE SCREEN OUTPUT TO THE SEQUENTIAL FILE ╞╔╠┼. '>>' CAN BE USED IN PLACE OF '>' TO APPEND THE DATA TO THE FILE INSTEAD OF OVERWRITING IT (THE FILE TO APPEND TO MUST FIRST EXIST). +@ ╒╙┴╟┼: % @[DOS COMMAND] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╔SSUE A STANDARD ├OMMODORE ─╧╙ COMMAND (EXAMPLES: @I0 WILL INITIALIZE DRIVE 0; @S0:TEXT WILL DELETE THE FILE 'TEXT') ╬╧╘┼: ─ISK COMMANDS ISSUED IN THIS FASHION WILL ╬╧╘ UPDATE ╒NIX 128'S INTERNAL DIRECTORIES; 'FSCK' MUST BE PERFORMED. +┴──╒╙┼╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % ADDUSER ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: (╥EQUIRES ROOT PRIVILEGE) ┴DD A NEW USER TO THE PASSWORD FILE. ┼NTER THE USER'S USERNAME, PASSWORD, PRIVILEGE (1=SUPERUSER/FULL ACCESS, 2=USER/RESTRICTED ACCESS), AND HOME DIRECTORY (THE DIRECTORY MUST EXIST FIRST, 'ROOT' (/) IS THE DEFAULT). ╬╧╘┼: ╟IVING A USER SUPERUSER PRIVELEGE ALLOWS TOTALLY UNRESTRICTED ACCESS TO ANY FILE. +┴╠╔┴╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % ALIAS [ NAME [DEF] ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ┴SSIGN DEF TO THE ALIAS NAME. DEF IS A LIST OF WORDS THAT WILL REPLACE THE NAME ON THE COMMAND LINE. ╔F DEF IS OMITTED, THE ALIAS NAME IS DISPLAYED ALONG WITH ITS CURRENT DEFINITION. ╔F BOTH NAME AND DEF ARE OMITTED, ALL ALIASES ARE DISPLAYED. ╙EE UNALIAS. +┴╠╠╧├ ╒╙┴╟┼: % ALLOC ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE CURRENT MEMORY ALLOCATED, FREE VARIABLE MEMORY, FREE PROGRAM MEMORY, AND EXPANDED (╥┼╒) MEMORY. +┴╨╥╧╨╧╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % APROPOS [ PHRASE ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╨ERFORM A KEYWORD SEARCH FOR A PHRASE IN THE MANUAL, AND LIST THE MANUAL PAGES AND LINES ON WHICH THE COMMAND IS FOUND. +┴╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % AS (OPTION) (FILENAME) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╘HIS IS THE 8510 (6502) ASSEMBLER/MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR /DISASSEMBLER FOR THE ╒NIX 128 SYSTEM. ╘O COMPILE ASSEMBLER SOURCE CODE, TYPE '% AS FILENAME'. ╘HE ASSEMBLER WILL FIRST PARSE THE CODE AND WRITE 'FILENAME.O' (AN 8510 SOURCE FILE). ╔T WILL THEN COMPILE THE CODE INTO A BINARY FILE (CALLED 'A.OUT') AND RETURN TO THE SYSTEM PROMPT. ╘HE OPTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: % AS -H VIEW THE COMMAND REFERENCE / HELP SCREEN. % AS -V BEGIN END VIEW MEMORY FROM BEGIN ADDRESS TO END ADDRESS. % AS -D BEGIN END DISASSEMBLE MEMORY FROM BEGIN ADDRESS TO END ADDRESS. % AS FILENAME COMPILE ASSEMBLER SOURCE CODE FILE 'FILENAME'. +┬┴╬╬┼╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % BANNER [ STRING ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: BANNER PRINTS THE GIVEN STRING IN LARGE CAPITAL LETTERS ON THE STANDARD OUTPUT DEVICE (I.E. TO BE USEFUL, USE BANNER STRING ⌐ LPR). BANNER KNOWS HOW TO PRINT ONLY CAPITAL LETTERS, NUMBERS, AND SOME PUNCTUATION MARKS (!.*=). +┬┴╙╔├ ╒╙┴╟┼: % BASIC ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╘HE ┬┴╙╔├ UTILITY ALLOWS THE CONVERSION OF ╙┼╤ EDITOR FILES TO ├OMMODORE ┬┴╙╔├ 2.0/7.0. ╘HIS FEATURE ALLOWS THE PROGRAMMER TO USE EMACS TO WRITE ┬┴╙╔├ CODE, INSTEAD OF USING THE STANDARD SCREEN EDITOR. +┬─╔╞╞ ╒╙┴╟┼: % BDIFF (-T OR -B) [ FILE1 ] [ FILE2 ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ISPLAY THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO LARGE FILES. -T SPECIFIES A TEXT COMPARISION, AND -B SPECIFIES A BINARY COMPARISION. -T IS THE DEFAULT. +┬╥╧╫╙┼ ╒╙┴╟┼: % BROWSE ( COMMAND ) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ┼NTER THE INTERACTIVE MANUAL BROWSER, AND LOOKUP THE COMMAND SPECIFIED, IF APPLICABLE. ╘HE BROWSER IS AN EXTENSION OF THE MAN COMMAND USEFUL IN LEARNING THE COMMANDS USED IN ╒NIX 128. +├┴╠ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CAL [ MONTH ] [ YEAR ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: CAL DISPLAYS A CALENDAR FOR THE SPECIFIED MONTH AND YEAR. YEAR CAN BE BETWEEN 1905 AND 2300. MONTH IS BETWEEN 1 AND 12. CAL REQUIRES BOTH ARGUMENTS, WHICH MUST BE NUMERIC. +├┴╘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CAT [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: CAT IS USED TO DISPLAY THE NAMED TEXT FILES (USE 'OD' TO DISPLAY BINARY FILES). ╔F AN OUTPUT REDIRECTION IS SPECIFIED, CAT CAN BE USED TO COMBINE (CONCATENATE) MULTIPLE FILES (EX. CAT FILE1 FILE2 >FILE3 COMBINES FILE1 AND FILE2 AND WRITES THE RESULT TO FILE3). ╔F NO INPUT FILE IS SPECIFIED (I.E. CAT >FILE1), CAT CAN BE USED AS SIMPLE LINE EDITOR (IT WILL CREATE FILE1 AND TAKE ITS CONTENTS FROM THE STANDARD INPUT. (├╘╥╠-─ TO QUIT)) ╬╧╘┼: CAT IS A COMMAND EXTERNAL TO THE SHELL (I.E. A SEPARATE PROGRAM THAT MUST BE LOADED BY THE SHELL), AND FOR THIS REASON IT IS SUGGESTED THAT 'MORE' SHOULD BE USED FOR DISPLAYING ONE OR MORE FILES. ╙EE ═╧╥┼. +├─ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CD [ DIR ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├HANGE THE SHELL'S WORKING DIRECTORY TO DIRECTORY DIR. ╘HE FOLLOWING HAVE SPECIAL MEANING TO CD: 'CD ▐' OR 'CD' CHANGES TO YOUR HOME DIRECTORY. 'CD /' CHANGES TO THE ROOT DIRECTORY 'CD .' CHANGES TO THE CURRENT DIRECTORY (USELESS, BUT COMPATIBLE). 'CD ..' CHANGES TO THE CURRENT DIRECTORY'S PARENT (GO UP 1 DIR) +├─╬ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CDN (CURRENT DEVICE) (NEW DEVICE) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├HANGE THE CURRENT DRIVE'S DEVICE NUMBER TO THE SPECIFIED NUMBER. ╘HIS COMMAND PHYSICALLY CHANGES THE DRIVE'S NUMBER, BUT THIS NEW DEVICE NUMBER IS OVERRIDDEN WHEN COMMANDS SUCH AS ─╒ PERFORM A DRIVE RESET TO CHECK THE DISK DEVICE TYPE. ╒NIX NORMALLY EXPECTS HARD-WIRED DEVICE NUMBERS. ╙EE ─┼╓. +├╚─╔╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CHDIR [ DIR ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├╚─╔╥ IS IDENTICAL TO THE ├─ COMMAND. ╙EE ├─. +├╚═╧─ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CHMOD [ P1 ] [ P2 ] [ FILENAME ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├HANGE THE PERMISSIONS MODE OF A FILE. P1 ARE THE PERMISSIONS FOR THE OWNER OF THE FILE, AND P2 ARE THE PERMISSIONS FOR THE WORLD (OTHER USERS). ╘HE PERMISSIONS FIELD MAY BE EITHER R (READ ONLY), W (WRITE ONLY), RW (READ AND WRITE), OR - (NO PERMISSION GRANTED). CHMOD TAKES A SINGLE FILENAME AS AN ARGUMENT. ╒NIX 128 V3.10 PROVIDES A MINIMAL AMOUNT OF FILE SECURITY- ALTHOUGH A FILE MIGHT BE UNREADABLE UNDER ╒NIX, IT CAN EASILY BE READ DIRECTLY OFF THE DISKETTE. ╬╧╘┼: PROTECTIONS ARE IGNORED FOR USERS WITH 'SUPER-USER' PRIVELEGE. ╟IVE OUT THIS PRIVELEGE LEVEL CAREFULLY. +├╠┼┴╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CLEAR ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├LEARS THE VIDEO DISPLAY SCREEN. +├═╨ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CMP (-T OR -B) [ FILE1 ] [ FILE2 ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╥EAD TWO FILES AND SHOW THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM LINE BY LINE. ╘HE OPTIONAL -T SPECIFIES A TEXT COMPARISION, AND -B SPECIFIES A BINARY (BYTE BY BYTE) COMPARISION. -T IS THE DEFAULT. +├╧╠╧╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % COLOR [ CHARACTER COLOR ] [ BACKGROUND COLOR ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙ET THE CHARACTER AND BACKGROUND COLOR. ├OLOR MUST BE BETWEEN 1 AND 16. +├╧══┴╬─╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % COMMANDS ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE COMMANDS SUPPORTED BY THIS VERSION OF ╒NIX 128. +├╧═╨╥┼╙╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % COMPRESS ( -V ) [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ┴PPLY RUN-LENGTH ENCODING TO THE NAMED FILES. ╘HIS SERVES TO DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF SPACE NEEDED TO STORE A FILE, ASSUMING THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF REDUNDANCY IN THE FILE. ╘HE -V OPTION TURNS ON VERBOSE MODE, WHICH TELLS HOW MUCH COMPRESSION (AS A FUNCTION OF THE FILE'S ORIGINAL SIZE) WAS ACHIEVED. ╙EE ╒╬├╧═╨╥┼╙╙ AND ┌├┴╘. +├╨ ╒╙┴╟┼: % CP (-I) [ FILELIST... ] OR % CP -╞ ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├╨ IS THE COPY COMMAND. -I (INTERACTIVE), IF SPECIFIED, WILL CAUSE CP TO GIVE A PROMPT BEFORE OVERWRITING FILES. CP CAN PERFORM ONE OF FOUR FUNCTIONS: CP DIR1 DIR2 COPIES ALL OF DIRECTORY DIR1 TO DIR2 CP FILELIST... DIRNAME COPIES THE FILES NAMED TO THE NAMED DIRECTORY CP FILE1 FILE2 MAKE A COPY OF FILE1 CALLED FILE2 CP -╞ COPY THE WHOLE FILESYSTEM USING TWO DRIVES. ╘HIS REQUIRES THAT THE FILESYSTEM IS UP-TO-DATE (% FSCK FIRST). +─┴╘┼ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DATE OR % DATE [ YYMMDDHHMMSS ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE CURRENT DATE AND TIME. ╫HEN THE 'YYMMDDHHMMSS' IS GIVEN, ─┴╘┼ WILL SET THE DATE (YEAR-MONTH-DAY) AND THE TIME (HOUR-MINUTE-SECOND). ┼X.: DATE 890408030250 WILL SET THE DATE TO 04-08-89 AND THE TIME TO 3:02:50. +─├ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DC (EXPR) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ESKTOP CALCULATOR. ╘HIS IS A REVERSE POLISH NOTATION ENGINE SIMILAR TO THE ╒NIX DC, WITH A STANDARD (INFIX) NOTATION INTERFACE SIMILAR TO 'BC.' ╔F NO EXPRESSION IS GIVEN, DC IS ENTERED IN INTERACTIVE MODE AND THE DC> PROMPT IS GIVEN (TYPE '?' FOR HELP.) ╔F AN EXPRESSION IS GIVEN, DC WILL EVALUATE THAT EXPRESSION AND RETURN THE SOLUTION TO THE STANDARD OUTPUT (% DC 3*2 WILL PRINT '6') AND RETURN TO THE SHELL. ╘O EXIT INTERACTIVE MODE, TYPE 'EXIT'. +── ╒╙┴╟┼: % DD (CONVTYPE) [ (╔╞=)FILE1 ] [ (╧╞=)FILE2 ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╥EADS THE INPUT FILE, CONVERTS TEXT CHARACTERS ACCORDING TO THE CONVTYPE, AND COPIES TO THE OUTPUT FILE. ╘HE VALID (CONVTYPE)S ARE: -LCASE (-L) CONVERTS THE INPUT FILE TO LOWER CASE -UCASE (-U) CONVERTS THE INPUT FILE TO UPPER CASE -SCASE (-S) SWAPS CASES (╚ELLO -> H┼╠╠╧) +─┼╠┼╘┼ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DELETE [ FILE ] [ DIR ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ELETE A FILE FROM A SPECIFIED DIRECTORY, BUT NOT FROM THE DISKETTE. ╨ERFORMING 'FSCK' WILL REPLACE ANY FILES REMOVED BY DELETE. +─┼╥╧╞╞ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DEROFF [ FILE ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: DEROFF REMOVES THE NROFF FORMATTING CONSTRUCTS FROM NROFF SOURCE FILES. ╔T REMOVES ANY \NN MACROS, AND ANY LINE BEGINNING WITH A PERIOD (.). DEROFF WRITES THE FILE WITH THE EXTENSION '.TXT' (EXAMPLE- FILE.TXT). ╙EE ╬╥╧╞╞. +─┼╓ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DEV ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├HANGE THE DEVICES ASSOCIATED WITH INPUT/OUTPUT. ┘OU CAN ALTER: -INPUT DEVICE: ╒SUALLY 0, THE KEYBOARD- WHERE ANY INPUT COMES FROM. -OUTPUT DEVICE: ╒SUALLY 3, THE CONSOLE SCREEN- WHERE OUTPUT IS PRINTED. ╘HIS DOES NOT ALTER HARDWARE DEVICE NUMBERS (SEE ├─╬), BUT IS USED TO REDIRECT I/O. ╙EE ALSO ┼╪╘. +─╞ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DF ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ISPLAY FREE AND USED DISK SPACE. +─╔╞╞ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DIFF (-T OR -B) [ FILE1 ] [ FILE2 ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO FILES. -T SPECIFIES A TEXT COMPARISION, AND -B SPECIFIES A BINARY COMPARISION. -T IS THE DEFAULT. +─╔╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DIR ( N ) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─╔╥ WILL SHOW THE ├┬═ DISK DIRECTORY, AS IF THE 'DIRECTORY' OR 'CATALOG' COMMANDS WERE ISSUED FROM ┬┴╙╔├. ╧PTIONALLY, THE DEVICE NUMBER N (N=8-30) MAY BE SPECIFIED. ╘HE FIRST DEVICE IN THE PATH IS THE DEFAULT. +─╧╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DOS ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ┼NTER THE ─╧╙ SHELL EMULATOR. ╘HIS IS A COMMAND INTERPRETER ONLY; IT CANNOT READ NOR EXECUTE ═╙-─╧╙ FILES. +─╒ ╒╙┴╟┼: % DU ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW CURRENT DISK USAGE STATISTICS AND INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT DISK DEVICE. +┼├╚╧ ╒╙┴╟┼: % ECHO [ LIST ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╘HE WORDS IN LIST ARE WRITTEN TO THE SHELL'S STANDARD OUTPUT, SEPARATED BY ╙╨┴├┼ CHARACTERS. ┼CHO IS USEFUL IN SCRIPTS. +┼═┴├╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % EMACS ( FILENAME ) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ┼NTER THE ADVANCED TEXT EDITOR. ├╘╥╠-H WILL LIST THE FEATURES OF THIS WATERED-DOWN VERSION OF THE MAINFRAME EMACS TEXT EDITOR. ╔F A FILENAME IS GIVEN, EMACS WILL ATTEMPT TO LOAD THAT FILE INTO MEMORY. ╙EE THE 'INTRO' DOCUMENT FOR MORE INFORMATION. +┼╥╥╧╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % ERROR [ N ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╥ETURNS INFORMATION ABOUT A SPECIFIED ERROR NUMBER, BOTH AS A ─╧╙ ERROR AND A ├╨╒ ERROR. +┼╪╘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % EXT ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙ET ╒NIX TO RUN AS A MULTI-USER SYSTEM, USING THE MODEM AS THE INPUT/ OUTPUT DEVICE. ╘HE 'LOGIN:' SECURITY SYSTEM IS USED. *╨LEASE* NOTE THAT THIS SYSTEM IS LARGELY UNTESTED AND PROBABLY BUGGY :). +╞╔╠┼ ╒╙┴╟┼: % FILE [ FILENAME ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE FILE TYPE (╨RG, ╙EQ, ─IR, ╒SR, OR ╥EL) OF A FILE. +╞╔╬─ ╒╙┴╟┼: % FIND [ FILE ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙EARCHES THE DISK FOR FILE AND SHOWS THE CORRECT DIRECTORY PATH (/.../FILE) TO THAT FILE. +╞╠╒╙╚ ╒╙┴╟┼: % FLUSH ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╞╠╒╙╚ WILL SEND THE REMAINING OUTPUT FROM A BACKGROUND PRINT TO THE PRINTER WITHOUT WAIT (MAKES THE PRINTING THE FIRST PRIORITY). ╙EE ╠╨╥═. +╞═╘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % FMT [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ISPLAY A TEXT FILE ON THE STANDARD OUTPUT. ╙EE CAT. +╞╧╧╘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % FOOT -[N] [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ISPLAY THE LAST N LINES OF THE SPECIFIED FILES. +╞╙├╦ ╒╙┴╟┼: % FSCK ( DEVICE ) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: FSCK STANDS FOR FILESYSTEM CONSISTENCY CHECK- IT COPIES THE DISK DIRECTORY TO THE ROOT DIRECTORY (MINUS FILES THAT EXIST IN SUBDIRECTORIES), AND THEN CHECKS ALL THE SUBDIRECTORIES FOR FILES THAT NO LONGER EXIST ON THE DISK. ╔F THE DISK DRIVE DEVICE NUMBER ISN'T SPECIFIED, THE FIRST DRIVE IN THE PATH IS USED. +╞╘╨ ╒╙┴╟┼: % FTP (NUMBER) OR FTP -SERVER ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: FTP IS USED FOR INTER-SITE FILE TRANSFERS BETWEEN TWO ╒NIX 128 SYSTEMS. ╘HERE ARE TWO MODES: 1. FTP (NUMBER) ENTERS THE REMOTE TERMINAL MODE. ╔F A PHONE NUMBER IS GIVEN, FTP WILL DIAL IT AND ATTEMPT TO CONNECT. 2. FTP -S ENTERS SERVER MODE, WHICH WILL ALLOW OTHERS TO DIAL YOUR SYSTEM. ╙EE THE '╔NTRODUCTION TO FTP' SECTION OF 'INTRO' FOR MORE INFORMATION. ┴LSO, YOU CAN TYPE '?' FOR HELP WHILE USING FTP. +╟╥┼╨ ╒╙┴╟┼: % GREP (-VIN) [ PATTERN ] [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙EARCH A FILE(S) FOR A STRING PATTERN. ╘HE OPTIONS ARE: -V INVERT THE SEARCH AND SHOW ONLY LINES THAT DON'T MATCH -I IGNORE THE CASE OF LETTERS (I.E. UPPERCASE=LOWERCASE) -N PRECEDE EACH LINE WITH ITS RELATIVE LINE NUMBER IN THE FILE +╚┼┴─ ╒╙┴╟┼: % HEAD [ -N ] [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ISPLAY THE FIRST N LINES OF THE SPECIFIED FILES. +╚╔╙╘╧╥┘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % HISTORY [ -R ] [ N ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─ISPLAY THE HISTORY LIST; IF N IS GIVEN, DISPLAY ONLY THE N MOST RECENT EVENTS. -R REVERSES THE ORDER OF PRINTOUT TO BE MOST RECENT FIRST RATHER THAN OLDEST FIRST. ╬╧╘┼: ╒╨├╒╥╙╧╥/─╧╫╬├╒╥╙╧╥ WILL STEP THROUGH THE COMPLETE HISTORY LIST, ALLOWING RECALL AND MODIFICATION OF OLD COMMANDS. +╚╟╥┼╨ ╒╙┴╟┼: % HGREP [ PATTERN ] [ FILE ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙EARCH FILE FOR A STRING PATTERN. ╚╟╥┼╨ DISPLAYS THE FILE AS IT SEARCHES, AND HIGHLIGHTS IN REVERSE VIDEO THE PATTERNS FOUND. +╔╧╙╘┴╘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % IOSTAT ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE DISK ERROR CHANNEL. +╩╧┬╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % JOBS ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE BACKGROUND JOBS RUNNING. +╦╔╠╠ ╒╙┴╟┼: % KILL ( %N ) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╦ILL PROCESS N. ╦╔╠╠ ALONE STOPS THE CURRENT PROCESS. ╒SE IN CONJUNCTION WITH ╨╙. KILL %1 (THE LOGIN) WILL GENERALLY LOG YOU OFF THE SYSTEM. ╙EE ╨╙. +╠┼┴╓┼ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LEAVE ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙ET THE ALARM CLOCK. +╠╬ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LN [ DIRECTORY ] [ LINKNAME ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: LN CREATES A SOFT SYMBOLIC LINK TO A DIRECTORY. ┴N EXAMPLE OF A SYMBOLIC LINK IS THE DIRECTORY ENTRY "..", WHICH IS A LINK TO THE PARENT OF THE CURRENT DIRECTORY. ╠INKS APPEAR IN THE DIRECTORY AS '(L) LINK DIR' OR 'LINK DIR@' DEPENDING ON THE LS OPTIONS. ╠INKS MAY BE USED WITH 'CD', BUT NOT AS A LINK TO FILES. +╠╧├╦ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LOCK [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╠OCK ONE OR MORE FILES TO PREVENT ACCIDENTAL ERASURE. ╠OCKED FILES APPEAR IN ├┬═ DIRECTORIES WITH A < FOLLOWING THEIR FILETYPE (EXAMPLE: ╨╥╟< ). ╙EE ╒╬╠╧├╦. +╠╧╟╧╒╘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LOGOUT OR % LOGOFF OR ├╘╥╠-─ ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╘ERMINATE A LOGIN SHELL. ╔F ╒NIX IS RUNNING AS A MULTI-USER SYSTEM, CONTROL WILL RETURN TO THE 'LOGIN:' PROMPT. ╧THERWISE, CONTROL WILL RETURN TO ┬┴╙╔├. ╔F YOU LOG OUT PREMATURELY AND WISH TO RESTART THE PROGRAM, TYPE '╥╒╬ "╥┼┬╧╧╘"' FROM ┬┴╙╔├. +╠╨╤ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LPQ ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE FILES QUEUED FOR BACKGROUND PRINTING. +╠╨╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LPR (-N) [ FILELIST... ] (&) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╨RINT A FILE, OPTIONALLY SPECIFYING THE WIDTH AT WHICH TO PRINT (N). ╔F THE TRAILING & IS INCLUDED, THE FILE WILL BE PRINTED IN THE BACKGROUND WHEN THE SYSTEM IS IDLE. ╬OTE: ╞ILES PRINTED IN THE BACKGROUND CAN BE QUEUED, BUT FILES PRINTED IN THE FOREGROUND CANNOT. ╙EE ╞╠╒╙╚, ╠╨╥═, ╠╨╤, ╥┼╙╘┴╥╘. +╠╨╥═ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LPRM ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ─UMP THE PRINTER QUEUE (STOP BACKGROUND PRINTING), WITHOUT PRINTING THE REST OF THE CURRENT JOB. ╙EE ╞╠╒╙╚, ╥┼╙╘┴╥╘. +╠╨╘┼╙╘ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LPTEST ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╨RINTS A STANDARD ┴╙├╔╔ RIPPLE PATTERN TO THE STANDARD OUTPUT DEVICE (SO TO ACTUALLY TEST THE PRINTER, DO LPTEST⌐LPR) +╠╙ ╒╙┴╟┼: % LS ( -ADF╞LOSR ) ( DIR ) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╠IST THE CONTENTS OF THE SPECIFIED DIRECTORY, OR THE CURRENT DIRECTORY IF NONE IS SPECIFIED. ╘HE QUALIFIERS ARE: -A ╙HOW ALL FILES (NORMALLY FILES STARTING WITH '.' ARE NOT SHOWN) -D ╙HOW DIRECTORIES ONLY -F ╙HOW FILES ONLY -S ╙HOW SIZE OF FILES IN ╦B. -╞ ═ARK DIRECTORIES WITH A TRAILING SLASH (/), PROGRAM FILES WITH A TRAILING ASTERISK (*), AND SYMBOLIC LINKS WITH A TRAILING AT-SIGN (@). -L ╨RINT IN LONG FORM (FILETYPE PERMISSIONS OWNER FILENAME SIZE(BYTES)) -O ╧RDER (ALPHABETICALLY SORT) THE DIRECTORY -R ╙HOW ALL DIRECTORIES ON THE FILESYSTEM (MUST BE THE LAST OPTION SPECIFIED.) +═┴╔╠ ╒╙┴╟┼: % MAIL OR % MAIL [ USERNAME ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ┼NTERS THE MAIL UTILITY, MAINLY FOR USE UNDER THE MULTI-USER SYSTEM. ╔F A USERNAME IS SPECIFIED, 'MAIL' WILL PROMPT FOR A MESSAGE TO SEND TO THAT USER. ╔F NO ARGUMENT IS GIVEN, MAIL ALLOWS YOU TO READ THE MAIL IN YOUR .MBOX INTERACTIVELY. ╘HE FEATURES OF THE MAILER CAN BE LISTED BY TYPING '?' AT THE MAILER PROMPT (&). +═┴╬ ╒╙┴╟┼: % MAN (-K) [ COMMAND NAME ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╙HOW THE MANUAL ENTRY FOR A GIVEN COMMAND. ╘HE -K OPTION ALLOWS KEYWORD SEARCHING OF THE ENTIRE MANUAL, AND WILL REPORT THE COMMAND NAME AND LINE ON WHICH THE KEYWORD MATCH OCCURRED. ╙EE ┬╥╧╫╙┼. ═ANUAL ENTRIES: ╒╙┴╟┼: ╘HIS IS WHAT YOU TYPE AT THE SHELL PROMPT (%). ╧F COURSE, YOU DON'T TYPE THE '%'. ┴NYTHING IN [ BRACKETS ] IS A REQUIRED PARAMETER, AND ANYTHING IN ( PARENTHESES ) IS AN OPTIONAL PARAMETER. ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╘HIS EXPLAINS (SUCCINCTLY) WHAT THE COMMAND ACCOMPLISHES, AND REFERS YOU TO RELATED COMMANDS (SUCH AS ╙EE FOO). +═┴┌┼ ╒╙┴╟┼: % MAZE (MAZE LENGTH) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: MAZE WILL DRAW AN 80 COLUMN WIDE MAZE ON THE STANDARD OUTPUT. ╘HE DEFAULT LENGTH IS 10, BUT CAN BE AS LARGE AS 39. +═┼╬╒ ╒╙┴╟┼: % MENU OR [┴╠╘] KEY OR JOYSTICK/MOUSE BUTTON ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╔NVOKES THE USER-DEFINABLE MENU. ╔N THE .LOGIN YOU MAY INCLUDE UP TO 15 LINES DESCRIBING MENU OPERATIONS. ╘HE .LOGIN SYNTAX IS 'MENU TITLESTRING\COMMAND\COMMAND2...' WHERE TITLESTRING IS THE <16 CHARACTER LINE THAT APPEARS IN THE MENU, FOLLOWED BY A BACKSLASH AND THE COMMAND OR COMMANDS (SEPARATED BY MORE BACKSLASHES) TO INVOKE. ╞OR EXAMPLE, TO CLEAR THE SCREEN AND SHOW THE ERROR CHANNEL: MENU --DO ME--\CLEAR\IOSTAT. ╘O EXIT WITHOUT DOING ANYTHING, USE THE COMMAND 'NOP' (EX: MENU --╤UIT--\NOP). ┘OU CAN USE THE CURSOR KEYS AND ╥┼╘╒╥╬, OR A JOYSTICK TO CYCLE THROUGH AND SELECT MENU ITEMS. +═╦─╔╥ ╒╙┴╟┼: % MKDIR [ DIR ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ├REATE A NEW SUBDIRECTORY CALLED 'DIRNAME', WHOSE PARENT IS THE CURRENT DIRECTORY. ╙EE RMDIR. +═╧╥┼ ╒╙┴╟┼: % MORE [ FILELIST... ] ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╨AGE THROUGH A TEXT FILE ONE SCREENFULL AT A TIME. ┴T THE --═╧╥┼-- PROMPT, 'Q' WILL QUIT, AND [╙╨┴├┼] WILL CONTINUE. +═╓ ╒╙┴╟┼: % MV [ FILE1 ] ( [ FILE2 ] OR [ DIR ] ) ╙┘╬╧╨╙╔╙: ╔F GIVEN TWO VALID FILENAMES, MV WILL RENAME FILE1 TO FILE2. ╔F THE SECOND PARAMETER IS A DIRECTORY, MV WILL DELETE FILE1 FROM THE CURRENT DIRECTORY AND MOVE IT INTO THE NAMED DIRECTORY.