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Text File | 1990-03-24 | 16.9 KB | 2 lines

├╙-─╧╙ ─OCUMENTATION FOR ─╧╙ SHELL ╓ERSION 1.42 ├OPY╥IGHT 1987,1989 ├HRIS ╙MEETS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ╔╬╘╥╧─╒├╘╔╧╬ ├╙-─╧╙ FOR THE ├OMMODORE 128 EVOLVED FROM AND IN MANY RESPECTS IS SIMILAR TO THE ├OMMODORE 64 ┴╥├64 UTILITY. ╔F YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ┴╥├64, THEN YOU SHOULD CATCH ON TO ├╙-─╧╙ RATHER QUICKLY. ┴T LEAST A RUDIMENTARY FAMILIARITY WITH ┴╥├64 IS ASSUMED IN THIS DOCUMENT. ┴╥├64 HAS BEEN AROUND FOR SEVERAL YEARS NOW SO MORE THAN LIKELY YOU'VE COME ACCROSS IT BEFORE; OTHERWISE YOU PROBABLY WOULDN'T BE READING THIS IN THE FIRST PLACE. ╘HE RELEVANT PORTIONS OF THE ┴╥├64 DOCUMENTATION ARE REPEATED HERE IN A ├128 CONTEXT, BUT YOU MIGHT STILL FIND THEM USEFUL AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THIS DOCUMENT. ╔N ORDER TO MAKE IT EASY TO ADD NEW COMMANDS AND FEATURES TO ├╙- ─╧╙, ALOT OF REORGANIZATION HAD TO BE DONE. ╞IRST OF ALL, THE PROGRAM HAS BEEN BROKEN DOWN INTO SEVERAL SMALLER INTER-RELATED CHUNKS. ╘HERE ARE NO BUILT IN COMMANDS. ┴LL OF THE COMMANDS ARE EXTERNAL. ╘HIS SOUNDS LIKE A STEP DOWN, BUT IT'S NOT. ╔T'S ACTUALLY A BIG STEP UPWARDS. ┴NY COMMAND, OR ANY PROGRAM, MACHINE LANGUAGE OR ┬┴╙╔├, CAN BE MADE TO BEHAVE JUST LIKE A BUILT IN COMMAND SIMPLY BY COPYING IT FROM THE FLOPPY DISK INTO AN INTERNAL ╥┴═ DISK. ╘HIS ADDS A GREAT DEAL OF FLEXIBILITY SINCE YOU CAN NOW PICK AND CHOOSE WHICH COMMANDS YOU WANT OR DON'T WANT, AND CAN EVEN ADD A FEW COMMANDS OF YOUR OWN. ╘HE BIGGEST, OR RATHER, THE MOST IMPORTANT CHUNK IS THE ─╧╙ SHELL. ╘HIS IS THE FIRST PROGRAM THAT IS INSTALLED WHEN YOU BOOT THE SYSTEM. ╘HE SHELL'S PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO SERVE AS A COMMAND LINE INTERPRETER. ╘HAT IS, WHEN YOU ENTER A LINE OF TEXT AND HIT ╥┼╘╒╥╬, THE SHELL ANALYZES THE LINE YOU ENTERED AND BASED ON WHAT IT FINDS, IT EITHER EXECUTES AN EXTERNAL (FROM FLOPPY) OR INTERNAL (FROM ╥┴═ DISK) PROGRAM, OR SIMPLY PASSES THE LINE ON TO THE ┬┴╙╔├ INTERPRETER. ╫HILE IT'S AT IT, IT ALSO PARSES THE COMMAND LINE AND CHECKS FOR SPECIAL CHARACTERS THAT TELL IT TO RE-DIRECT ALL SCREEN OUTPUT EITHER TO THE PRINTER OR TO A DISK FILE. ╘HE ╙╚┼╠╠ ALSO PROVIDES A LIBRARY OF SUBROUTINES WHICH ARE ACCESSED BY VARIOUS EXTERNAL COMMANDS. ╔F YOU HAPPEN TO HAVE AN EXTRA 1571 LAYING AROUND AND YOU DON'T MIND TYPING A DRIVE LETTER IN FRONT OF EVERY COMMAND, THEN YOU'RE ON YOUR WAY ONCE THE ╙╚┼╠╠ HAS BEEN LOADED. ╘HE 1571 IS PRETTY QUICK AT GETTING THE COMMANDS INTO PLACE, SO THIS ISN'T A BAD WAY TO FLY IF YOU'RE USING SEVERAL DRIVES. ═ORE LIKELY, HOWEVER, YOU'LL WANT TO INTERNALIZE AT LEAST A FEW OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED COMMANDS AND INSTALL A ╥┴═ DISK. ╘HATS WHERE ┴╒╘╧┼╪┼├ COMES IN. ╧NCE THE ╙╚┼╠╠ IS ╥╒╬, AND GETS ITSELF INTO PLACE, THE FIRST THING IT DOES IS CHECK DRIVE 0 OF UNIT 8 FOR A ╙┼╤ FILE CALLED "AUTOEXEC". ┴╒╘╧┼╪┼├ IS JUST A REGULAR TEXT FILE AND WHATEVER IS IN IT IS "┼╪┼├UTED" JUST AS IF IT HAD BEEN TYPED FROM THE KEYBOARD. ╘HIS IS YOUR CHANCE TO CONFIGURE THINGS THE WAY YOU'RE USED TO THEM. ╨╧╦┼ YOUR FAVORITE SCREEN COLORS INTO PLACE, SETUP DRIVE NUMBERS, INSTALL A ╥┴═ DISK AND IF YOU LIKE, PLAY YOUR FAVORITE ROCK AND ROLL SONG AND WATCH YOUR NAME FLASH ACROSS THE SCREEN IN 16 BRILLIANT COLORS. ╙┼╘╥┴═ WILL INSTALL A ╥┴═ DISK FOR YOU. ┘OU CAN STICK THE ╥┴═ DISK IN EITHER BANK 1 OR BANK 0, OR IF YOU HAVE ACCESS TO AN ┼╨╥╧═ BURNER YOU MAY WANT TO STICK IT IN ONE OF BANKS 4 TO 12 LATER ON. ╞OR STARTERS, BANK 1 IS THE BEST PLACE TO STICK IT. ╔ WON'T GO INTO DETAIL ABOUT ╙┼╘╥┴═ HERE AS IT'S DESCRIBED ELSEWHERE. ╞OR NOW JUST TYPE (OR INCLUDE IN YOUR ┴╒╘╧┼╪┼├ ╞╔╠┼) THE LINE: A:SETRAM 1,49152 ╘HIS WILL RESERVE AN AREA OF ╥┴═ IN BANK 1 STARTING AT LOCATION 49152 ($├000) AND ENDING AT WHATEVER HAPPENS TO BE THE CURRENT TOP OF ╥┴═ FOR ┬┴╙╔├ (NORMALLY $╞┼╞╞). ┘OU'VE NOW GOT 16╦ OF ╥┴═ TO FILL UP WITH COMMANDS. ╘HE FIRST ONE YOU'LL WANT TO INSTALL IS ╔╬╙╘┴╠╠, WHICH IS THE COMMAND TO ADD NEW COMMANDS TO THE ╥┴═ DISK. ─O THIS WITH: A:INSTALL A:INSTALL ╘HE FIRST "A:INSTALL" TELLS THE SHELL TO SEARCH DRIVE A: FOR A FILE NAMED "INSTALL" AND LOAD IT INTO THE ├-128'S MEMORY. ╧NCE LOADED, THE SHELL TRANSFERS CONTROL OVER TO THE LOADED PROGRAM. ╘HE SHELL PASSES THE SECOND PARAMETER "A:INSTALL" TO THE INSTALL PROGRAM WHICH THEN COPIES THE FILE FROM FLOPPY INTO THE INTERNAL ╥┴═ DISK. ┘OU NOW HAVE ONE INTERNAL COMMAND. ╬OW THAT "INSTALL" IS INTERNAL, IT WILL BEHAVE ALOT LIKE A ┬┴╙╔├ KEYWORD. ┘OU WON'T HAVE TO INCLUDE THE "A:" ANYMORE. ╬OTE, HOWEVER, THAT INSTALLED COMMANDS ONLY WORK IN DIRECT MODE, AND HAVE NO EFFECT IF INCLUDED IN A ┬┴╙╔├ PROGRAM. ╬EXT YOU'LL WANT TO INSTALL SOME OF THE MORE COMMONLY USED COMMANDS. ╞OR INSTANCE... INSTALL REMOVE DIR RDIR REN ARC ╫OULD INTERNALIZE FIVE MORE COMMANDS, OR IF YOU'RE IMPATIENT... INSTALL A:*=P ╔NSTALLS EVERYTHING. ╘O SEE WHAT YOU'VE INSTALLED, TYPE: RDIR ╘O GET A DIRECTORY OF THE ╥┴═ DISK. ╔F YOU SEE SOMETHING THAT SHOULDN'T BE THERE (LIKE THE SHELL) GET RID OF IT... REMOVE "SHELL" ─ELETES "SHELL" FROM THE ╥┴═ DISK. ╧R IF YOU'D RATHER USE ├┴╘┴╠╧╟: REMOVE DIR GETS RID OF THAT USELESS COMMAND. ╧NCE YOU'VE PLAYED AROUND A BIT AND DECIDED WHICH COMMANDS YOU LIKE AND WHICH ONES YOU DON'T LIKE, YOU CAN SAVE THE ENTIRE ╥┴═ DISK AS ONE SINGLE FILE WITH THE ╨╒╘╥┴═ COMMAND. ╩UST THINK UP A NAME, AND PUTRAM WHATEVER ╙O THAT NEXT TIME YOU BOOT THE SHELL YOU CAN JUST GETRAM WHATEVER ╔NSTEAD OF INSTALLING EVERYTHING ALL OVER AGAIN. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ╘HE ├OMMAND ╠INE AND ╔/╧ ╥EDIRECTION ╫HEN ┬┴╙╔├ RETURNS YOU TO THE ╥┼┴─┘ PROMPT, THE ├-128 JUST SITS THERE WITH ITS CURSOR MERRILY BLINKING AWAY WAITING FOR YOU TO TELL IT WHAT TO DO NEXT. ┼VENTUALLY, YOU GET TIRED OF WATCHING THE BLINKING CURSOR AND TYPE IN A LINE OF TEXT AND HIT THE ╥┼╘╒╥╬ KEY. ┴NY TEXT THAT HAPPENS TO BE ON THE SAME LINE OF THE SCREEN AS THE CURSOR WAS WHEN YOU HIT ╥┼╘╒╥╬ BECOMES THE COMMAND LINE. ┬┴╙╔├ DOES A NICE JOB OF FETCHING THE COMMAND LINE FROM THE SCREEN AND PLACING IT IN AN AREA OF MEMORY KNOW AS ┬┴╙╔├'S INPUT BUFFER. ┴FTER THIS HAPPENS, THE SHELL GETS FIRST CRACK AT THE COMMAND LINE. ╘HE FIRST THING THE SHELL DOES IS CHECK TO SEE IF THE FIRST NON- SPACE CHARACTER ON THE COMMAND LINE IS A "*". ╔F SO IT REMOVES THE "*" FROM THE COMMAND LINE AND SETS THINGS UP SO THAT ANY SCREEN OUTPUT WILL BE REDIRECTED TO THE PRINTER. ╘HIS REDIRECTED OUTPUT REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL THE NEXT TIME YOU RETURN TO THE ╥┼┴─┘ PROMPT. ╙INCE THE SHELL DOESN'T TRUST ┬┴╙╔├, THE NEXT THING IT DOES IS MAKE A COPY OF THE COMMAND LINE FOR ITS OWN USE. ╔T THEN SETS OUT TO DETERMINE HOW MANY PARAMETERS ARE ON THE COMMAND LINE. ╔T DOES SO BY GOING THROUGH THE COMMAND LINE FROM START TO FINISH AND LOOKING FOR DELIMITERS. ┬OTH COMMAS AND SPACES CAN BE USED AS DELIMETERS, AND THEY CAN BE INTERMIXED. ┴NYTHING IN BETWEEN THE DELIMITERS IS CONSIDERED TO BE A PARAMETER. ╞OR EXAMPLE, IF YOU TYPE: *ARC/L BIGFILE,HIGH, LOW,,,,MEDIUM , SLOW ╘HEN "ARC/L" IS PARAMETER NUMBER 0 "BIGFILE" IS PARAMETER NUMBER 1 "HIGH" IS PARAMETER NUMBER 2 "LOW" IS PARAMETER NUMBER 3 "MEDIUM" IS PARAMETER NUMBER 4, AND "SLOW" IS PARAMETER NUMBER 5 ╔N ORDER TO ALLOW FOR FILENAMES THAT DO HAVE SPACES IN THEM, IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO ENCLOSE A PARAMETER WITHIN QUOTES. ╙O THE FOLLOWING LINE HAS EXACTLY THE SAME EFFECT AS THE ABOVE: *ARC/L"BIGFILE","HIGH" LOW MEDIUM, , , , "SLOW ╘HE NEXT THING THE SHELL DOES IS CHECK TO SEE IF THE LAST PARAMETER ON THE COMMAND LINE BEGINS WITH A ">" OR A ">>". ╔F SO, OUTPUT IS RE- DIRECTED TO DISK, AND THE LAST PARAMETER IS REMOVED FROM THE COMMAND LINE. ╞INALLY, A CHECK IS MADE FOR ANY COMMAND LINE SWITCHES. ╙WITCHES CAN ONLY FOLLOW PARAMETER NUMBER ZERO, AND MUST BE PRECEEDED BY A "/". ╔F PRESENT, COMMAND LINE SWITCHES WILL BE PLACED AT $1┬╞├ AND $1┬╞─ (THERE CAN BE AT MOST TWO OF THEM) AND IF NOT PRESENT THESE LOCATIONS WILL CONTAIN ZEROS. ╙O FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ENTERED.. LIST >PROGRAM.BAS ├╙-─╧╙ WOULD BEHAVE AS IF YOU HAD ENTERED.. LIST BUT ANYTHING YOU SEE PRINTED ON THE SCREEN WILL ALSO BE WRITTEN TO A DISK FILE CALLED "PROGRAM.BAS". ╫HAT HAPPENS NEXT DEPENDS UPON PARAMETER NUMBER ZERO. ╔F IT BEGINS WITH "D:", THEN THE SHELL TRIES TO LOAD AND EXECUTE THE PROGRAM SPECIFIED BY PARAMETER ZERO. ╔F THE LOAD IS SUCCESSFUL, THE PROGRAM IS EXECUTED. ╧THERWISE CONTROL GOES BACK TO ┬┴╙╔├ AND YOU'LL GET A SYNTAX ERROR. ╔F PARAMETER ZERO DOES NOT BEGIN WITH A "D:", THEN THE SHELL TRIES TO FIND A PROGRAM ON THE INTERNAL ╥┴═ DISK WHOSE NAME IS IDENTICAL TO PARAMETER ZERO. ╔F A MATCH IS FOUND THE PROGRAM IS FETCHED FROM THE ╥┴═ DISK AND EXECUTED OTHERWISE CONTROL GOES BACK TO ┬┴╙╔├ AND THINGS PROCEED AS NORMAL. ╥EDIRECTING ╧UTPUT TO THE ╨RINTER * IS USED TO RE-DIRECT ANY OUTPUT OF A PROGRAM OR COMMAND THAT WOULD NORMALLY BE SENT TO THE SCREEN TO BE SENT TO BOTH THE PRINTER AND TO THE SCREEN. ┴NYTHING (ER..ALMOST ANYTHING) THAT YOU WOULD NORMALLY TYPE AS A COMMAND OR DIRECT MODE "ONE LINER" CAN BE PRECEEDED BY A * TO GET A HARD COPY OF THE OUTPUT. * DOESN'T SEEM TO GET ALONG WITH SOME OF ┬┴╙╔├'S DISK ORIENTED COMMANDS. ╞OR EXAMPLE: *CATALOG D0,"*=P DOES NOT WORK PROPERLY, BUT: *DIR *=P WORKS FINE. ╘HE BEST WAY TO GET YOURSELF FAMILIAR WITH THIS COMMAND IS SIMPLY TO WASTE A BIT OF PAPER AND FIDDLE AROUND A BIT AND SEE WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOESN'T. ╔F * DOES NOT WORK, THEN CHANCES ARE THAT ┬┴╙╔├'S ├═─ COMMAND WILL DO THE JOB. ╚OPEFULLY, WE'LL RECTIFY SOME OF THESE PROBLEMS IN FUTURE RELEASES OF THE SHELL. ╘HERE ARE A COUPLE OF ╨╧╦┼S THAT YOU WILL NEED TO PERFORM IN ORDER TO GET * WORKING PROPERLY. ╘HE EASIEST THING TO DO WOULD BE TO INCLUDE THEM IN YOUR ┴╒╘╧┼╪┼├ FILE (SEE ┼╪┼├). ╧NCE THE SHELL HAS BEEN BOOTED, THESE VALUES ARE ONLY READ AND NEVER WRITTEN TO. $1┬┼┼ (7150) PRINTER DEVICE NUMBER (DEFAULT 4) $1┬┼╞ (7151) PRINTER SECONDARY ADDRESS (DEFAULT 7) ╔'VE FOUND THAT * WORKS FINE WITH BOTH AN ╔┼┼┼ (4022) PRINTER AND WITH THE SERIAL 1526 PRINTER. ╒NFORTUNATELY, THERE ARE LITERALLY THOUSANDS OF DIFFERENT PRINTERS OUT THERE AND IT WOULD BE AWFULLY DIFFICULT TO TEST * OUT WITH ALL OF THEM. ╔F YOU CAN'T SEEM TO GET * WORKING, THEN YOU MAY HAVE TO RE-DIRECT TO DISK INSTEAD AND LET YOUR FAVORITE WORD PROCESSOR HANDLE THE PRINTER. ╔F YOU CAN'T GET THINGS GOING WITH YOUR PRINTER OR PRINTER INTERFACE, TRY EXPERIMENTING A BIT WITH THE SECONDARY ADDRESS. ╥EDIRECTING ╧UTPUT TO A ─ISK ╞ILE > AND >> ARE USED TO REDIRECT SCREEN OUTPUT TO A ╙┼╤ DISK FILE. ╘HEY WORK JUST LIKE * (AND HAVE THE SAME LIMITATIONS) EXCEPT THAT OUTPUT IS TO DISK INSTEAD OF TO THE PRINTER. ╒SE > IF YOU WANT TO CREATE A NEW OUTPUT FILE, AND >> IF YOU WANT TO APPEND TO AN EXISTING OUTPUT FILE. ╥E-DIRECTING OUTPUT TO DISK HAS ALOT OF INTERESTING USES. ├OMBINED WITH ├╚┼├╦, ╟┼╘, ╨╒╘, AND ─╔╥ ITS NOT A BAD WAY TO CATALOG YOUR DISKS. ├OMBINED WITH ┴╥├/╠, IT CAN BE USED TO SUPPLY A LIST OF WHATS ON-LINE ON YOUR ┬┬╙, AND COMBINED WITH ├╚┴╬╟┼, ╓─╒═╨, ═╧╬╔╘╧╥ OR ├╧═╨ IT CAN BE A VERY HANDY DEBUGGING TOOL. ╧UTPUT REDIRECTION IS NOT AS TRANSPARENT TO ┬┴╙╔├ AS IS INPUT REDIRECTION (┼╪┼├). ╔F THE PROGRAM YOU ARE RUNNING OPENS A COMMAND CHANNEL ON THE OUTPUT DRIVE, (OPEN 15,8,15) THEN CLOSING THE COMMAND CHANNEL WILL ALSO CLOSE THE FILE TO WHICH OUTPUT IS BEING REDIRECTED. ╔F YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE DRIVE, YOU CAN GET AROUND THIS BY SENDING OUTPUT TO A DIFFERENT DRIVE. ╥E-DIRECTED OUTPUT (EITHER TO PRINTER OR TO DISK) IS CANCELLED EVERY TIME YOU RETURN TO THE ╥┼┴─┘ PROMPT. ┼XAMPLES: VDUMP >TEST.EXEC DUMPS ┬┴╙╔├ VARIABLES TO A ╙┼╤ FILE NAMED "TEST.EXEC" CHECK A:* >GAMES01.CHK SENDS A VERBOSE DIRECTORY TO A SEQ FILE ON THE DEFAULT DRIVE. CHECK B:* >>GAMES01.CHK APPENDS TO THE FILE IN THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLE. ARC/L RA >86NAV SENDS A DIRECTORY OF "RA.ARC" ON THE DEFAULT DRIVE TO A SEQ FILE CALLED "86NAV" MONITOR >DEBUG.SESSION SEND MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR OUTPUT TO DISK. LIST >MYPROG CREATES AN ┴╙├╔╔ LISTING OF THE PROGRAM/TEXT IN MEMORY. ╘HIS FILE COULD LATER BE ┼╪┼├'D TO MERGE THE SAVED PROGRAM WITH ANOTHER ONE IN MEMORY. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ╨┴╘╘┼╥╬╙ ═ANY OF THE COMMANDS DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT REFER TO "PATTERNLIST" AS ONE OF THE COMMAND ARGUMENTS. ╫HAT THIS MEANS IS SIMPLY A LIST OF PATTERNS AS DESCRIBED BELOW. ╙INCE THE COMMAND LINE CAN HOLD AT MOST 20 PARAMETERS, PATTERNLIST CAN BE AT MOST 19 PATTERNS. ╞OR EXAMPLE, IN THE COMMAND: CHECK A*.B* C:A??*.ASM D:NERD* D:ULTRA* C: >TEMP PATTERNLIST REFERS TO EVERYTHING BETWEEN THE "MOVE " AND THE FINAL ">TEMP" ╞ILENAME PATTERN MATCHING HAS BEEN ENHANCED SOMEWHAT FOR MANY OF THE COMMANDS INCLUDED WITH THE SHELL. ╔N ADDITION TO THE NORMAL WILDCARDS USED BY ├┬═ ─╧╙ THE SHELL HELPS MAKE LIFE EASIER BY INTERPRETING THE "*" CHARACTER A LITTLE DIFFERENTLY, AND ADDING A "WILDCARD" CHARACTER OF ITS OWN; THE "&" OR ╬╧╘ OPERATOR. ╨RECEEDING ANY FILENAME WITH AN "&" CHARACTER TELLS THE SHELL THAT YOU WANT TO MATCH ┴╠╠ ╞╔╠┼╙ ┼╪├┼╨╘ THE ONE YOU'VE SELECTED. ╞OR EXAMPLE, ARC/A MISCDATA &*=P WOULD INCLUDE IN THE ARCHIVE ALL FILES ON THE DEFAULT DRIVE EXCEPT FOR PROGRAM FILES, OR ARC/A MISC &C:*.ARC WOULD INCLUDE ALL FILES ON DRIVE C: EXCEPT THOSE WHOSE NAMES END WITH ".ARC" ╘HE ASTERISK IS INTERPRETED AS A SLIDING MATCH. ╘HIS IS BEST SHOWN BY EXAMPLE. ╘RY FIDDLING AROUND WITH ├╚┼├╦ TO GET THE FEEL OF THINGS. *.* MATCHES ANY FILE WITH A "." IN ITS NAME. ╙OME EXAMPLES WOULD BE: HELLO.ARC SUPER.COPY.ASM OR MEGAMON. *.*=P WOULD BE THE SAME, BUT WOULD ONLY MATCH PROGRAM FILES. *.ARC WOULD MATCH ANY FILES WHOSE NAMES END WITH ".ARC" *.?? WOULD MATCH ANY FILES THAT HAVE A "." AS THE THIRD LAST CHARACTER IN THIER NAMES. JJ*.PIK WOULD MATCH ANY FILES WHOSE NAMES BEGIN WITH "JJ" AND END WITH ".PIK" *NOSE* WOULD MATCH ANY FILES THAT HAVE "NOSE" IMBEDDED IN THIER NAMES. ╬OTE, HOWEVER, THAT NOT ALL COMMANDS WILL SUPPORT THIS TYPE OF PATTERN MATCHING (FOR EXAMPLE ─╔╥ AND ─┼╠), BUT FUTURE VERSIONS OF THE SHELL WILL LIKELY BE USING IT ALOT MORE. ╔F THIS TYPE OF PATTERN MATCHING DOES NOT WORK, THEN NORMAL ─╧╙ PATTERN MATCHING IS BEING USED.