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.fo Section 8 - Command Files Page # 8.0 Command Files 8.1 Command File Processing ┴ CommanΣ Filσ i≤ ß filσ containinτ commands¼á witΦ optiona∞ ì paramete≥á substitution¼á whicΦ caε bσ executeΣ b∙ ZCPR2«á Thesσ ì command≤á arσá exactl∙ thσ samσ kind≤ oµ command≤á a≤á yo⌡á woulΣ ì issuσá a⌠á thσ console¼á anΣ an∙ commanΣ yo⌡ caε issuσá froφá thσ ì consolσá caεá bσ issueΣ froφ withiε ß CommanΣ Filσ (witΦá jus⌠á ß ì couple of restrictions). Thσá CommanΣ Filσ Facilitie≤ oµ SUB▓ anΣ ZE╪á arσá availablσ ì unde≥ ZCPR2«á Simila≥ iε concep⌠ t∩ thσ SUBMI╘ facilit∙ oµ CP/M¼ ì botΦá SUB▓ anΣ ZE╪ arσ upward-compatablσ t∩ SUBMI╘ (an∙ SU┬á filσ ì caε ruε unde≥ theφ witΦ fe≈ restrictions). BotΦá SUB▓á anΣá ZE╪á begiε processinτá b∙á translatinτá thσ ì commanΣ file≤ the∙ arσ giveε int∩ slightl∙ differen⌠ forms« BotΦ ì d∩ paramete≥ substitution¼ extractinτ parameter≤ froφ thσ commanΣ ì line≤á anΣ placinτ theφ int∩ thσ tex⌠ oµ thσ commanΣ streaφá the∙ ì arσ building«á SUB▓ build≤ thσ commanΣ streaφ t∩ bσ executeΣá oε ì disδá drivσ ┴ unde≥ thσ curren⌠ use≥ number¼á anΣ ZE╪ build≤á thσ ì commanΣ streaφ iε memory. A≤á thσ use≥ caε guess¼á ZE╪ i≤ generall∙ preferreΣ t∩ SUB2« ì Unde≥ ZEX¼á thσ commanΣ streaφ i≤ executeΣ mucΦ morσ quickl∙ thaε ì unde≥ SUB▓ sincσ ZE╪ jus⌠ goe≤ int∩ memor∙ fo≥ thσ nex⌠ characte≥ ì whilσ ZCPR▓ ha≤ t∩ g∩ t∩ disk« ZEX¼ however¼ doe≤ takσ u≡ memor∙ ì space¼ anΣ tha⌠ i≤ it≤ maiε drawback« Thσ TP┴ (Transien⌠ Prograφ ì Area⌐á unde≥á ZE╪ i≤ smalle≥ thaε wha⌠ i≤á availablσá t∩á commanΣ ì file≤á runninτ unde≥ SUB2«á Thi≤ i≤ you≥ basiπ trade-ofµ betweeε ì thσ tw∩ CommanΣ Filσ Processors. Anothe≥ differencσ betweeε SUB▓ anΣ ZE╪ i≤ tha⌠ SUB▓ commanΣ ì stream≤ arσ line-orienteΣ anΣ extracteΣ onl∙ b∙ ZCPR2«á Tha⌠ is¼ ì SUB▓á build≤ ß commanΣ filσ nameΣ $$$.SU┬ likσ SUBMI╘á does¼á anΣ ì ZCPR▓á extract≤á ßá linσ froφ thσ $$$.SU┬ filσ eacΦá timσá i⌠á i≤ ì entered« Wheε ZCPR▓ i≤ entereΣ b∙ eithe≥ ß ColΣ Boot¼ Warφ Boot¼ ì o≥á simplσ RETurε froφ ß loadeΣ program¼á i⌠ check≤ thσá Multiplσ ì CommanΣ Linσ Buffe≥ fo≥ ß pendinτ command«á Iµ i⌠ find≤á it¼á i⌠ ì execute≤ it« Iµ not¼ i⌠ check≤ thσ A║ drivσ (curren⌠ user⌐ fo≥ ß ì $$$.SU┬á file«á Iµ i⌠ find≤ one¼á i⌠ extract≤ thσ nex⌠ linσ froφ ì thσ $$$.SU┬ file¼á processe≤ it¼á anΣ begin≤ executioε oµ i⌠ froφ ì thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffer«á Finally¼á iµ thσ $$$.SU┬ filσ ì is not found, ZCPR2 prompts the user for input. Tha⌠á i≤á ho≈á commanΣá streaφá processinτá unde≥á SUB▓áá i≤ ì performed« ZEX¼ however¼ act≤ a≤ ß combinatioε oµ SUB▓ anΣ XSUB« ì Oncσ commanΣ streaφ processinτ begin≤ unde≥ ZEX¼ thσ ZE╪ monitor¼ ì locateΣ unde≥ ZCPR▓ witΦ thσ associateΣ commanΣ stream¼á supplie≤ ì ßá characte≥ eacΦ timσ thσ BIO╙ Consolσ Inpu⌠ Routinσ i≤á called« ì ZE╪ extract≤ thσ nex⌠ characte≥ froφ thσ commanΣ stream¼ examine≤ ì i⌠á t∩á seσá iµ i⌠ i≤ ß ZE╪ commanΣ anΣ execute≤ i⌠á iµá so¼á anΣ ì returns it to the calling program if it is not a ZEX command. è Hence¼á ZCPR▓á itselµ doe≤ no⌠ realizσ tha⌠ ZE╪ i≤á running« ì Neithe≥á d∩á thσá transien⌠á program≤á iεá general«á ZE╪á simpl∙ ì intercept≤ al∞ call≤ t∩ thσ BIO╙ Consolσ Inpu⌠ (anΣ Inpu⌠ Status⌐ ì routinσ anΣ provide≤ aε inpu⌠ characte≥ iε it≤ place«á Therσ arσ ì exceptions to this case, but they will be discussed later. BotΦ SUB▓ anΣ ZE╪ fi⌠ int∩ thσ ZCPR▓ Systeφ nicely¼ anΣ the∙ ì caεá bσá useΣ t∩ ac⌠ a≤ ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processor≤á iµá desired« ì This is discussed later. 8.2 Disk-Based Command Files -- SUB2 SUB2¼á commonl∙á calleΣá SUB¼á i≤á invokeΣá b∙á onσá oµá thσ ì following command lines: SUB or SUB // <-- Print Help Message SUB /A Text <-- Abort $$$.SUB File Processing at User's Discretion SUB /AB Text <-- Same as /A but Ring Bell to Alert User SUB /D commands <-- Perform Commands following the /D SUB /I <-- Enter Interactive Input Mode SUB filename params <-- As in Standard SUBMIT Thσá "SU┬á /Aóá anΣá "SU┬á /ABóá form≤á allo≈á thσá use≥á t∩ ì gracefull∙á abor⌠ ß $$$.SU┬ file«á ^├ a⌠ thσ consolσ caε bσ useΣ ì t∩á abor⌠ sucΦ processinτ a≤ unde≥ CP/M¼á bu⌠ thσ /┴ forφá allow≤ ì thσá luxur∙á oµá startinτá ß commanΣ streaφá anΣá stoppinτá a⌠á ß ì critica∞ poin⌠ t∩ allo≈ thσ use≥ t∩ takσ hi≤ time¼á inspec⌠á wha⌠ ì ha≤ happened¼ anΣ theε decidσ whethe≥ t∩ proceeΣ o≥ not. Thσá "SU┬á /Dóá forφá ha≤á littlσá utilit∙á unde≥á ßá fully-ì implementeΣá ZCPR▓á System«á Yo⌡ caε obtaiε ß bette≥á effec⌠á b∙ ì simpl∙á issuinτá ßá conventiona∞ ZCPR▓ commanΣá stream«á Thσá /─ ì optioεá i≤á gooΣ onl∙ iε environ≤ whicΦ d∩ no⌠á suppor⌠á multiplσ ì commands. Thσ "SU┬ /Ió forφ eliminate≤ thσ neeΣ fo≥ thσ use≥ t∩ usσ aε ì edito≥ t∩ creatσ ß .SU┬ file«á Iµ thσ use≥ ha≤ ß commanΣá streaφ ì hσá want≤ t∩ executσ immediatel∙ anΣ doesn'⌠ carσ t∩ d∩ i⌠ again¼ ì hσ caε usσ thi≤ option«á Iε response¼á SUB▓ allow≤ hiφ t∩á ente≥ ì hi≤á commanΣá streaφ (sorry¼á n∩ paramete≥ passing⌐ ß linσá a⌠á ß ì time«á Wheεá i⌠ i≤ al∞ entereΣ (use≥ enter≤ aε empt∙ line)¼á thσ ì $$$.SU┬ filσ i≤ buil⌠ anΣ executed. Thσ fina∞ form¼á "SU┬ filenamσ params"¼ i≤ identica∞ iε forφ ì t∩á thσá SUBMI╘á commanΣá supplieΣá witΦá CP/M«á Thσá "filenameó ì specifie≤á thσá namσá oµ thσ .SU┬ filσ t∩ bσá executed¼á anΣá thσ ì parameter≤ arσ associateΣ witΦ thσ substitutioε variable≤ oµá $1¼ ì $2¼á etc«á U≡á t∩ 2░ parameter≤ ma∙ bσ specified«á Thσ sequencσ ì "$$óá place≤á ßá "$ó int∩ thσ commanΣá line¼á anΣá thσá characte≥ ì sequencσá "^cóá place≤ thσ indicateΣ contro∞ characte≥á int∩á thσ ì commanΣ linσ (uparro≈ ├ place≤ Control-C). Thσá SUB▓ commanΣ ma∙ bσ nesteΣ int∩ ß $$$.SU┬ file«á Iµá ß ì "SU┬á filenamσ paramsó commanΣ i≤ encountereΣ iε ß $$$.SU┬á file¼ ì SUB▓á runs¼á realize≤á tha⌠ thi≤ ha≤ happened¼á anΣá insert≤á thσ ì indicateΣá commanΣ file¼á witΦ paramete≥ substitution¼á int∩á thσ ì runninτá commanΣá streaφ a⌠ thσ appropriatσ place«á Thi≤ ma∙á bσ ì nesteΣ a≤ man∙ level≤ dee≡ a≤ desired. Unde≥ ZCPR2¼á iµ SUB▓ i≤ executeΣ witΦ thσ Multiplσá CommanΣ ì Linσá Facilit∙ invokeΣ anΣ morσ command≤ follo≈ thσ SUB▓ command¼ ì theε thσ res⌠ oµ thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ i≤ inserteΣ a⌠ thσ enΣ ì of the generated $$$.SUB file. Finally¼á SUB▓ follow≤ thσ ZCPR▓ patΦ wheε searchinτ fo≥ thσ ì indicateΣá commanΣ file«á I⌠ i≤ full∙ integrateΣ int∩ thσá ZCPR▓ ì Systeφá anΣá i≤á ablσ t∩ emplo∙ thσ Externa∞á PatΦá anΣá Multiplσ ì Command Line Buffer features of ZCPR2. 8.3 SUB2 Error Messages SUB▓á provide≤á ß numbe≥ oµ informativσ diagnostic≤á t∩á thσ ì user«á Iε particular¼á wheε processinτ ß CommanΣ File¼á wheεá aε ì erro≥ i≤ encountered¼ thσ use≥ i≤ informeΣ oµ thσ linσ numbe≥ thσ ì error occurs at. Thσá followinτá summarize≤ thσ erro≥ message≤á presenteΣá b∙ ì SUB2: Disk Full There is no room to write the $$$.SUB file Directory Full There is no directory space for the $$$.SUB file Memory Full There is not enough memory in which to build the command stream to be placed into the $$$.SUB file SUBMIT File Not Found The .SUB file specified in the command line could not be found along the ZCPR2 path Parameter Invalid Parameter Specified Too Many Parameters More than 20 parameters were on the command line Line too Long The current line in the command stream exceeds 128 bytes SUBMIT File Empty The .SUB file specified in the command line was found to be empty Control Character The ^c form was not followed by a letter A-Z 8.4 SUB2 Command Summary The following are valid SUB2 command line forms: SUB or SUB // <-- Print Help Message SUB /A Text <-- Abort $$$.SUB File Processing at User's Discretion SUB /AB Text <-- Same as /A but Ring Bell to Alert User SUB /D commands <-- Perform Commands following the /D SUB /I <-- Enter Interactive Input Mode SUB filename params <-- As in Standard SUBMIT 8.5 Memory-Based Command Files -- ZEX Thσá Memory-BaseΣ CommanΣ Filσ Processo≥ oµ ZCPR2¼á ZEX¼á i≤ ì invoked by the following forms: ZEX // <-- Print Help ZEX <-- Enter Interactive Mode ZEX filename params <-- Process .ZEX or .SUB file as with SUBMIT è Thσá Interactivσ Modσ oµ ZE╪ execute≤ likσá thσá Interactivσ ì Modσá oµá SUB2«á Thσá use≥á enter≤ commanΣá line≤á unti∞á hσá i≤ ì satisfieΣá anΣá theε terminate≤ thσ proces≤ b∙ enterinτ aεá empt∙ ì linσ (simpl∙ hittinτ RETURN)«á ZE╪ theε execute≤ thσ command≤ iε ì thσ sequencσ entered«á N∩ paramete≥ passinτ i≤ permitteΣ iε thi≤ ì mode of operation. Thσá "ZE╪á filenamσ paramsó forφ i≤ likσá thσá correspondinτ ì SUB▓ form«á ZE╪ wil∞ searcΦ alonτ thσ ZCPR▓ Externa∞ PatΦ fo≥á ß ì commanΣá filσá oµ thσ forφ filename.ZE╪ o≥á filename.SUB«á Iµá ß ì director∙ i≤ entereΣ whicΦ contain≤ botΦ sucΦ files¼á thσ filσ oµ ì type ZEX will be executed. Oncσá ZE╪ ha≤ beguε execution¼á i⌠ place≤ ß ZE╪ Monito≥ jus⌠ ì unde≥á ZCPR▓á anΣ build≤ thσ commanΣ streaφá unde≥á thσá monitor« ì Oncσá complete¼á thσ addres≤ oµ thσ BDO╙ i≤ adjusteΣ s∩ tha⌠á thσ ì ZE╪á monito≥á anΣ it≤ commanΣ streaφ wil∞ no⌠ bσá overwritteεá b∙ ì transien⌠á programs¼á anΣ executioε begins«á EacΦ timσ thσá BIO╙ ì Consolσáá Inpu⌠á routinσá i≤á called¼áá ZE╪á supplie≤á thσá inpu⌠ ì character. A≤ witΦ SUB2¼á ß ^├ froφ thσ consolσ wil∞ abor⌠ executioε oµ ì ß ZE╪ commanΣ stream«á Also¼á a≤ witΦ SUB2¼ iµ ß commanΣ follow≤ ì ZE╪á iε ß Multiplσ CommanΣ Line¼á ZE╪ append≤ thi≤ commanΣ t∩ thσ ì command stream. Unlikσ SUB2¼á ZE╪ doe≤ no⌠ permi⌠ nestinτ oµ commanΣá files« ì ZE╪á wil∞á simpl∙á abor⌠ iµ ß ZE╪ commanΣ i≤ encountereΣá iεá thσ ì commanΣ streaφ i⌠ i≤ processing. Unlikσá SUB2¼á ZE╪á support≤ man∙á morσá embeddeΣá commands« ì Combininτá thσá facilitie≤á oµ SUB▓ anΣ XSU┬ iεá thi≤á case¼á thσ ì embeddeΣá command≤ oµ ZE╪ reflec⌠ thσ XSUB-likσá capabilitie≤á oµ ì ZE╪ a≤ wel∞ a≤ somσ ne≈ ideas. Thesσá extendeΣá contro∞ command≤ arσ discusseΣ iε thσá nex⌠ ì information section. 8.6 ZEX Control Commands The following summarizes the ZEX Control Commands: Cmd Meaning Cmd Meaning | insert <CR> ^| insert <CRLF> ^║ reruε commanΣ streaφ ^« togglσ prin⌠ suppress ^# toggle ZEX messages ^$ define default params ^? wait for user input ^/ ring bell and ^? ^* ring bell ^" accept user input ^< display chars only ^> stop display ;; ZEX comment $n 1<=n<=9 for param $$ $ $^ ^ $| | ^c control char è This summary is also displayed via the built-in ZEX help. Thσ followinτ command≤ simpl∙ inser⌠ character≤ int∩ thσ ZE╪ ì command stream and will not be discussed in any greater detail. | inserts a <CR> ^| inserts a <CR> <LF> pair $$ inserts a single $ $^ inserts a single ^ $| inserts a single | ^c inserts a control character Thσ ^¬ commanΣ simpl∙ cause≤ ZE╪ t∩ rinτ thσ bell«á I⌠ doe≤ ì no⌠á inser⌠á ßá BEL╠ characte≥ int∩ thσ commanΣ filσá likσá ßá ^╟ ì sequencσáá would«áá I⌠á simpl∙á ring≤á thσá bel∞á anΣá continue≤ ì processing. Thσá ;╗á commanΣá i≤ ß ZE╪ comment«á I⌠ anΣ al∞á character≤ ì followinτá i⌠á u≡á t∩ anΣ includinτ thσ followinτá <LF╛á arσá no⌠ ì includeΣ iε thσ ZE╪ commanΣ stream« The∙ arσ simpl∙ treateΣ a≤ ß ì commen⌠á iεá thσá ZE╪á CommanΣá Filσá anΣá ignored«áá Unlikσáá ß ì conventiona∞á ZCPR▓á comment¼á thσ ZE╪ commen⌠ doe≤ no⌠á takσá u≡ ì spacσá iε thσ commanΣ streaφ anΣ doe≤ no⌠ appea≥ wheε thσ commanΣ ì stream is executed. Thσ ^╝ anΣ ^╛ command≤ arσ useΣ t∩ bracke⌠ character≤á whicΦ ì arσá simpl∙ echoeΣ b∙ thσ ZE╪ monito≥ anΣ no⌠ passeΣ bacδ t∩á thσ ì callinτá program«á Thi≤á cause≤á thσá character≤á betweeεá thesσ ì command≤á t∩á bσá echoeΣá t∩ thσ use≥ durinτá executioεá bu⌠á no⌠ ì processeΣá b∙á an∙á program«á Thi≤á featurσá i≤á ver∙á gooΣá fo≥ ì embeddinτá comment≤á t∩á bσ printeΣ a⌠ executioεá timσá int∩á thσ ì commanΣ stream«á Unlikσ thσ ZCPR▓ commen⌠ form¼á whicΦ i≤ ß linσ ì beginninτá witΦ ß semicolon¼á comment≤ encloseΣ b∙ ^╝ anΣ ^╛á ma∙ ì appea≥ anywhere¼ sucΦ a≤ withiε aε edito≥ session. Thσá ^ú commanΣ toggle≤ suppressioε oµ informativσá message≤ ì generated by ZEX. Thσ ^« commanΣ cause≤ consolσ outpu⌠ t∩ ceasσ unti∞ thσ nex⌠ ì ^«áá i≤á encountered«á Characte≥á inpu⌠á froφá thσá ZE╪á Monito≥ ì continues¼ bu⌠ thσ use≥ doe≤ no⌠ seσ wha⌠ i⌠ is. Thσ ^║á commanΣ cause≤ thσ ZE╪ monito≥ t∩ restar⌠á executioε ì oµá thσá loadeΣ commanΣ stream«á Thσ entirσ commanΣá stream¼á a≤ ì initiall∙ processeΣ b∙ ZEX¼ i≤ executeΣ agaiε froφ thσ beginning. $n¼á wherσá 1<=n<=9¼á wil∞ causσ thσ indicateΣ specifieΣá o≥ ì default parameter to be substituted from the command line. Thσá ^ñá commanΣá i≤ useΣ t∩ definσ o≥ redefinσ thσá se⌠á oµ ì inpu⌠ commanΣ parameters«á Thσ res⌠ oµ thσ linσ followinτ thσ ^ñ ì i≤ treateΣ a≤ ß se⌠ oµ parameter≤ separateΣ b∙ blanks. Thσá ^┐á anΣ ^» command≤ replacσ thσ /┴ anΣ /A┬á option≤á oµ ì SUB2«á ^┐ cause≤ ZE╪ t∩ sto≡ processinτ anΣ wai⌠ fo≥ thσ use≥ t∩ ì strikσá eithe≥ thσ spacσ ba≥ o≥ thσ RETUR╬ ke∙ beforσ continuing« ì Thσ use≥ caε takσ hi≤ timσ anΣ examinσ thσ display¼á and¼á iµá hσ ì doe≤á no⌠ wisΦ t∩ continue¼á ß ^├ wil∞ abor⌠ thσ commanΣá stream« ì Thσ ^» commanΣ i≤ likσ ^?¼á bu⌠ i⌠ periodicall∙ ring≤ thσ bel∞ a⌠ ì the console, summoning the user in an alarm fashion. Finally¼á thσá ^ó commanΣ cause≤ ZE╪ t∩ sto≡ providinτ inpu⌠ ì froφá thσ commanΣ streaφ anΣ allo≈ thσ use≥ t∩ inpu⌠ whateve≥á hσ ì wishe≤á unti∞ ß specia∞ characte≥ i≤ output¼á a⌠ whicΦá timσá ZE╪ ì wil∞ resumσ providinτ input« Iε thi≤ case¼ ZE╪ caε bσ intimatel∙ ì linkeΣ witΦ ZCPR2¼á anΣ i⌠ i≤ intendeΣ tha⌠ thσ specia∞ characte≥ ì tha⌠ ZE╪ i≤ waitinτ fo≥ i≤ associateΣ witΦ thσ ZCPR▓ prompt«á Iε ì m∙á case¼á ╔ madσ thσ ZCPR▓ promp⌠ t∩ bσ ß ">ó characte≥ witΦ thσ ì mos⌠ significan⌠ bi⌠ set«á Thi≤ i≤ uniquσ anΣ appear≤ onl∙á wheε ì the prompt comes up on my system. No≈á tha⌠á ╔á havσá beateε thσ subjec⌠ oµá thσá ZE╪á Contro∞ ì Command≤ t∩ death¼ thσ followinτ example≤ illustratσ application≤ ì employinτ them«á M∙ comment≤ appea≥ ou⌠ t∩ thσ side¼ prefixeΣ b∙ ì <--. B1>zex ZEX, Version 1.3 1: ^$ this is fun <-- I Define 3 params 2: echo $1 $2 $3 3: ^$ hello from happy acres <-- I Define 4 params 4: echo $1 $2 $3 $4 5: (ZEX Active) <-- ZEX is running now B1>echo this is fun THIS IS FUN B1>echo hello from happy acres HELLO FROM HAPPY ACRES B1> (ZEX Completed) By Your Command > B1>ed demo.zex <-- Demo Command File NEW FILE : *i 1: ed demo.txt <-- Edit DEMO.TXT 2: i <-- Insert text while in ED 3: This is a test 4: This is only a test 5: This is a demo of ZEX Control 6: ^Z <-- ^Z is 2 chars, xlated into 7: b0lt <-- Ctrl-Z by ZEX 8: 1l 9: 0lt 10: i <-- Input More Text 11: ^" <-- I now input text myself 12: type demo.txt <-- When ZEX continues, this 13: era demo.txt <-- is what it does next 14: : *e B1>zex demo <-- Run the command file ZEX, Version 1.3 (ZEX Active) B1>ed demo.txt NEW FILE : *i <-- ZEX is typing this in 1: This is a test 2: This is only a test 3: This is a demo of ZEX Control 4: : *b0lt 1: This is a test 1: *1l 2: *0lt 2: This is only a test 2: *i <-- Now my input begins 2: I am now typing this line of my own volition <-- I type 3: ZEX will allow me to continue doing this until 4: it sees the ZCPR2 prompt 5: <-- I type Ctrl-Z 5: *e <-- I type "e" (ZEX Active) B1>type demo.txt <-- ZEX resumes This is a test I am now typing this line of my own volition ZEX will allow me to continue doing this until it sees the ZCPR2 prompt This is only a test This is a demo of ZEX Control B1>era demo.txt DEMO .TXT B1> (ZEX Completed) By Your Command > B1>ed demo.mac <-- Now to use ZEX for <-- program assembly NEW FILE : *i <-- I type program 1: ext print 2: 3: call print 4: db 'Hello, World ... It''s Another Day',0 5: ret 6: 7: end 8: : *e B1>type a:m80.zex <-- My M80.ZEX command file ; M80.SUB -- MACRO-80 Assembler and Linker M80 =$1 ; Please Type $^C if Error(s) Exist - ^? ERA $1.BAK ERA $1.COM L80 /P:100,$1,A:SYSLIB/S,$1/N,/U,/E ERA $1.REL ; Assembly Complete B1>zex m80 demo <-- Run command file on my pgm ZEX, Version 1.3 (ZEX Active) B1>; M80.SUB -- MACRO-80 Assembler and Linker B1>M80 =DEMO No Fatal errr(s) (ZEX Active) B1>; Please Type ^C if Error(s) Exist - <-- I can abort now <-- if I wish B1>ERA DEMO.BAK DEMO .BAK B1>ERA DEMO.COM No File B1>L80 /P:100,DEMO,A:SYSLIB/S,DEMO/N,/U,/E Link-80 3.44 09-Dec-81 Copyright (c) 1981 Microsoft Data 0100 01C5 < 197> 35936 Bytes Free Data 0100 01C5 < 197> 35936 Bytes Free [0000 01C5 1] (ZEX Active) B1>ERA DEMO.REL DEMO .REL B1>; Assembly Complete B1> (ZEX Completed) By Your Command>demo <-- I run pgm now Hello, World ... It's Another Day B1> 8.7 Restrictions on Command Files Thσá followinτá restriction≤á arσ applieΣ t∩á commanΣá file≤ ì processed by SUB2 and ZEX. SUB2 Restrictions 1«á Yo⌡ ma∙ no⌠ loτ int∩ use≥ area≤ othe≥ thaε thσ onσá yo⌡ ì begaεá processinτ thσ commanΣ filσ in«á Iµ yo⌡ do¼á ZCPR▓ loose≤ ì tracδá oµá thσ $$$.SU┬ filσ anΣ executioε i≤á aborteΣá unti∞á yo⌡ ì reenter the original user area, at which time execution resumes. 2«á U≡á t∩ 2░ parameter≤ arσ permitteΣ oε thσ SUB▓á commanΣ ì line. 3. You may nest SUB2 command files to any depth. ZEX Restrictions 1«á Yo⌡á ma∙ movσ int∩ an∙ director∙ yo⌡ desirσ whilσ ß ZE╪ ì command stream is being executed. 2«á U≡á t∩á ╣ parameter≤ arσ permitteΣ oε thσá ZE╪á commanΣ ì line. 3. You may NOT nest ZEX command files. è 8.8 SUB2 and ZEX as Extended Command Processors Under ZCPR2 BotΦá SUB▓á anΣá ZE╪ makσ nicσ ExtendeΣá CommanΣá Processor≤ ì unde≥á ZCPR2«á Wσá havσá alread∙á seeεá ho≈á SUB▓á anΣá ZE╪á arσ ì intimatel∙á linkeΣ witΦ ZCPR2«á BotΦ usσ thσ Externa∞á PatΦá anΣ ì Multiplσá CommanΣá Linσ Buffe≥ Facilitie≤ oµ ZCPR2¼á anΣá ZE╪á i≤ ì further prompted for input by the ZCPR2 prompt if desired. T∩á refresΦ thσ reader¼á anΣ ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processo≥ i≤ ß ì prograφ invokeΣ b∙ ZCPR▓ wheε i⌠ fail≤ t∩ finΣ thσ commanΣá alonτ ì it≤á path«á ZCPR2¼á upoεá failinτá t∩ finΣ thσá CO═á filσá whicΦ ì correspond≤á t∩á thσ commanΣ namσ giveε t∩ it¼á caε bσ se⌠ u≡á t∩ ì eithe≥ searcΦ thσ patΦ o≥ g∩ directl∙ t∩ thσ roo⌠ oµ thσ patΦ anΣ ì looδá fo≥á aεá ExtendeΣá CommanΣá Processor«áá Iµá found¼á ZCPR▓ ì simulate≤áá ßá commanΣá t∩á tha⌠á ExtendeΣáá CommanΣáá Processor¼ ì substitutinτ thσ user'≤ commanΣ linσ a≤ thσ argument≤ t∩ it. To illustrate my point, consider the following example: ╔á havσ ß ZE╪ filσ nameΣ MASM.ZEX¼á anΣ i⌠ perform≤ thσ samσ ì set of commands that my M80.ZEX file did above, namely: ; MASM.ZEX -- MACRO-80 Assembler and Linker M80 =$1 ; Please Type $^C if Error(s) Exist - ^? ERA $1.BAK ERA $1.COM L80 /P:100,$1,A:SYSLIB/S,$1/N,/U,/E ERA $1.REL ; Assembly Complete ╔ typσ iε m∙ program¼á nameΣ DEMO.MAC¼ anΣ issuσ thσ commanΣ ì "MAS═ DEMO"«á WitΦ ZE╪ a≤ m∙ ExtendeΣ CommanΣá Processor¼á ZCPR▓ ì look≤ alonτ thσ patΦ fo≥ thσ commanΣ MASM¼á fail≤ t∩ finΣ it¼ anΣ ì theεá simulate≤ thσ commanΣ "ZE╪ MAS═ DEMO"«á Thσ abovσá commanΣ ì file is then executed with DEMO as its passed parameter! ╔á thinδá tha⌠ thσ abovσ examplσ illustrate≤ thσ utilit∙á oµ ì employinτ ZE╪ (o≥ SUB2⌐ a≤ aε ExtendeΣ CommanΣá Processor«á Thi≤ ì i≤ donσ ver∙ simpl∙ iε thσ ZCPR▓ environment« T∩ d∩ this¼ simpl∙ ì makσ ß cop∙ oµ ZEX.CO═ anΣ namσ i⌠ CMDRUN.COM« Sincσ thi≤ i≤ thσ ì namσá iε thσ ZCPRHDR.LI┬ filσ anΣ thσ facilit∙ i≤ turneΣ on¼á yo⌡ ì now have ZEX as the Extended Command Processor. .fo Section 9 - Named Directories Page # 9.0 Named Directories 9.1 Overview of the Named Directory Concept Thσá NameΣá Director∙á Concep⌠á unde≥á ZCPR▓á i≤á ßá logica∞ ì associatioε oµ ß mnemoniπ namσ witΦ ß directory¼á whicΦ i≤ ß disδ ì anΣá use≥á area«á WitΦ thi≤ facility¼á thσ use≥ i≤ permitteΣá t∩ ì refe≥á t∩á an∙ director∙ b∙ ß mnemoniπá name¼á anΣá thi≤á greatl∙ ì improve≤á thσ use≥ interfacσ ove≥ havinτ t∩ remembe≥ disδ letter≤ ì and numbers. Fo≥á instance¼á aεá environmen⌠ caε bσ se⌠ u≡ iεá whicΦá thσ ì following name assignments are made: A15: = ROOT A0: = BASE B0: = BBASE B1: = JEFF B2: = ROBERT B3: = LINDA WitΦá thσá nameΣá director∙á facilit∙á enabled¼áá thσá ZCPR▓ ì utilitie≤ caε refe≥ t∩ thesσ directorie≤ b∙ eithe≥ thσá DU║á forφ ì (disk and user number) or by the name: XDIR ROOT: = XDIR A15: Mos⌠á oµ thσ ZCPR▓ utilitie≤ recognizσ nameΣ directorie≤á iµ ì thσ facilit∙ i≤ enabled¼á and¼á sincσ thesσ utilitie≤ functioε t∩ ì providσá interface≤ betweeε thσ directories¼á the∙ creatσ ßá gooΣ ì workinτ environmen⌠ fo≥ usσ oµ thσ conventiona∞ CP/═ utilitie≤ a≤ ì well«á Iεá othe≥ words¼á thσ ZCPR▓ utilitie≤ whicΦ caε dea∞ witΦ ì nameΣá directorie≤ arσ thσ onl∙ utilitie≤ witΦ whicΦá onσá shoulΣ ì cros≤á director∙á boundarie≤ iε ß ZCPR▓ systeφá anΣá conventiona∞ ì utilities¼ likσ aε edito≥ o≥ aε assembler¼ shoulΣ bσ useΣ iε onl∙ ì onσ director∙ anΣ dea∞ witΦ file≤ iε thσ curren⌠ director∙ anΣ oε ì drive A in the same user number (A$ in the vernacular). Fo≥ instance¼ t∩ edi⌠ ß filσ iε thσ ZCP╥ director∙ witΦ WorΣ ì Master¼á cop∙á thσá filσ int∩ ß workinτ director∙ whicΦá ha≤á thσ ì WM.HL╨á filσ iε A║á iε thσ samσ use≥ areß anΣ edi⌠á there«á Theε ì copy it back when done: B1>mcopy b1:=zcpr:file.txt ... B1>wm file.txt ... B1>mcopy zcpr:=file.txt Man∙á commercia∞ programs¼á likσ WorΣ Maste≥ anΣ WorΣá Star¼ ì arσá alread∙á programmeΣ t∩ looδ oε A║á iµ the∙ d∩ no⌠á finΣá thσ ì overla∙á the∙ neeΣ iε thσ curren⌠ directory«á WorΣá Master¼á fo≥ ì instance¼á ha≤ ß WM.HL╨ filσ whicΦ provide≤ onlinσ documentation¼ ì anΣá b∙ workinτ oε drivσ B║á iε thσ samσ use≥ tha⌠ ß WM.HL╨á filσ ì exist≤ oε A:¼ iµ ß use≥ ask≤ fo≥ Help¼ WorΣ Maste≥ wil∞ finΣ it. NameΣ Directories¼á then¼á caε providσ ß morσ human-orienteΣ ì workinτ environment«á Thσ use≥ neeΣ n∩ longe≥ remembe≥ tha⌠á hi≤ ì command≤ arσ iε director∙ A15║ -- hσ neeΣ onl∙ remembe≥ tha⌠ ROO╘ ì contain≤á hi≤ commands¼á HEL╨ contain≤ hi≤ hel≡ files¼á ROBER╘ i≤ ì hi≤ namσ anΣ tha⌠ i≤ wherσ hσ place≤ thσ file≤ hσ i≤ workinτá on¼ ì BDS├ i≤ wherσ hi≤ ├ compile≥ is¼ etc. NameΣá Directorie≤ arσ supporteΣ b∙ thσ ZCPR▓ utilitie≤á anΣ ì no⌠ b∙ ZCPR▓ itself« Fou≥ utilitie≤ arσ specificall∙ designeΣ t∩ ì dea∞á witΦ NameΣ Directories¼á anΣ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ utilitie≤á caε ì acces≤á NameΣá Directorie≤ manipulateΣ b∙ thσ firs⌠ fou≥ anΣá usσ ì them. Thσá fou≥á ZCPR▓ utilitie≤ whicΦ dea∞á directl∙á witΦá NameΣ ì Directories are: MKDIR -- create a Named Directory LD -- load a Named Directory into a Named Dir Buffer PWD -- print Working Directory and optionally all available Named Directories CD -- log into a Named Directory 9.2 Creating Named Directory Files with MKDIR MKDI╥á i≤á useΣ t∩ creatσ NameΣ Director∙ Files¼á whicΦá arσ ì file≤ oε disδ whicΦ contaiε thσ mnemoniπ name≤ anΣ thσá disk/use≥ ì area≤ the∙ arσ associateΣ with«á Iε essence¼ MKDI╥ i≤ aε editor« ì I⌠á provide≤ ß scratcΦ areß iε whicΦ thσ use≥ caε se⌠ u≡ ßá nameΣ ì directory¼á revie≈ it¼á edi⌠ it¼á anΣ makσ an∙ change≤ hσ wishes« ì Wheεá satisfied¼á thσ use≥ caε writσ i⌠ ou⌠ t∩ disδ a≤ ß filσá o≥ ì abort and throw it away. MKDIR is invoked with one of three forms: MKDIR // <-- Print Help MKDIR <-- Interactive Mode MKDIR dir:filename.typ <-- Read File First and Interactive Mode Thσá DIR║á forφá i≤á alloweΣ iε al∞ filσá specification≤á t∩ ì MKDIR¼ s∩ thσ use≥ caε prefi° ß filσ witΦ ß director∙ namσ o≥ thσ ì DU║á form«á MKDI╥ wil∞ searcΦ alonτ thσ command-searcΦ patΦá fo≥ ì the indicated file. Oncσ thσ use≥ i≤ iε MKDIR¼ hσ i≤ prompteΣ with: MKDIR Command (? for Help)? anΣáá hσá ma∙á issuσá thσá followinτá single-characte≥áá command≤ ì (striking RETURN is not necessary): C -- Change Directory (Add, Rename, or Delete Entries) I -- Initialize Directory P -- Print Directory R -- Read in a Directory File S -- Status of MKDIR Environment W -- Write out a Directory File X -- Exit ? -- Print Help Message Iε al∞ case≤ excep⌠ W¼á thσ scratcΦ environmen⌠ withiε MKDI╥ ì i≤ affected« N∩ file≤ arσ affecteΣ unti∞ thσ use≥ tell≤ MKDI╥ t∩ ì write the Directory File on disk. Thσá ├á commanΣá (Changσá Directory⌐ i≤á useΣá t∩á edi⌠á thσ ì content≤ oµ thσ scratcΦ environmen⌠ withiε MKDIR«á Oncσ invoked¼ ì the user is prompted with Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? Thσá use≥ i≤ iε aε inpu⌠ linσ edito≥ now¼á s∩á al∞á command≤ ì mus⌠á bσá terminateΣ b∙ strikinτ thσ RETUR╬ ke∙ beforσ the∙á takσ ì effect« Thi≤ i≤ thσ BDO╙ inpu⌠ linσ editor¼ anΣ strikinτ ^├ wil∞ ì abort to ZCPR2. Thσ use≥ ma∙ typσ ┐á followeΣ b∙ strikinτ RETUR╬ t∩ finΣ ou⌠ ì what his options are (again, built-in help). Unde≥ thσ ├ commanΣ (Changσ Directory)¼ thσ use≥ caε perforφ ì the following functions: . Add a Named Directory Entry to the Directory . Rename a Named Directory Entry in the Directory . Delete a Named Directory Entry from the Directory . Print the Directory . Print a Help Message . Exit to MKDIR Command Level Iε orde≥ t∩ adΣ o≥ renamσ ß NameΣ Director∙ Entry¼á thσ use≥ ì type≤ thσ "DU:dirnameó form«á Iµ eithe≥ thσ Disδ (D⌐ o≥ Use≥ (U⌐ ì arσ omitted¼ curren⌠ disδ anΣ use≥ arσ assumed« Thσ "dirnameó i≤ ì thσá mnemoniπá namσá associateΣá witΦá thσá directory¼á u≡á t∩á ╕ ì character≤á long«á Iµá ßá namσá ha≤á beeεá associateΣá witΦá thσ ì indicateΣ disδ anΣ use≥ already¼á MKDI╥ wil∞ renamσ i⌠ t∩ thσ ne≈ ì namσ anΣ tel∞ yo⌡ tha⌠ i⌠ i≤ doinτ s∩ anΣ wha⌠ thσ olΣ namσá was« ì Iµ ß namσ ha≤ no⌠ alread∙ beeε associateΣ witΦ thσ indicateΣ disδ ì and user, MKDIR will add this entry to the directory. Iεá orde≥ t∩ deletσ ß NameΣ Director∙ Entry¼á thσ use≥ type≤ ì onl∙ thσ "DU:ó form«á Iµ ß namσ ha≤ alread∙ beeε associateΣ witΦ ì thi≤ disδ anΣ user¼ theε i⌠ wil∞ bσ deleted« Iµ n∩ namσ ha≤ beeε ì associated, the user will be so informed. T∩á prin⌠ thσ curren⌠ director∙ fo≥ review¼á thσá use≥á neeΣ ì onl∙ strikσ thσ RETUR╬ key« T∩ exit¼ thσ use≥ enter≤ aε ╪ (uppe≥ ì or lower case) followed by striking the RETURN key. Example: Assume the following directory: A15:ROOT A10:SYS A0:BASE B0:DEVBASE B1:WORK1 B2:WORK2 If the user wishes to delete WORK1, he types B1: If the user wishes to rename WORK2 to WORK12, he types B2:WORK12 If the user wishes to add WORK3 as B3:, he types B3:WORK3 Iε al∞ cases¼á lower-casσ character≤ arσ converteΣ t∩ upper-ì case. Getting on with the commands, they are: C -- Change Directory (Add, Rename, or Delete Entries) I -- Initialize Directory P -- Print Directory R -- Read in a Directory File S -- Status of MKDIR Environment W -- Write out a Directory File X -- Exit ? -- Print Help Message C has just been discussed and ? is obvious. ╔ i≤ useΣ t∩ initializσ thσ directory« Thσ use≥ i≤ askeΣ iµ ì hσá i≤ surσ hσ want≤ t∩ d∩ this¼á and¼á iµ Yes¼á MKDI╥ clear≤ thσ ì scratcΦá directory«á ╔á emphasizσá tha⌠á onl∙á thσá memory-baseΣ ì scratcΦá director∙ oµ MKDI╥ i≤ effected¼á anΣ MKDI╥ affect≤á disδ ì files only with the W (Write Directory) command. ╨á i≤á useΣ t∩ Prin⌠ thσ Directory«á Asidσ froφá thσá name≤ ì assigneΣá s∩á far¼á thσ use≥ i≤ tolΣ ho≈ man∙ entrie≤á havσá beeε ì defined so far and how many are yet to be defined. ╥ i≤ useΣ t∩ reaΣ iε ß Director∙ Filσ anΣ ╫ i≤ useΣ t∩ writσ ì i⌠ out«á Wheε MKDI╥ i≤ firs⌠ invoked¼á iµ thσ commanΣ i≤á simpl∙ ì "MKDIR"¼á theεá thσá defaul⌠á director∙á filσ i≤á defineΣá t∩á bσ ì NAMES.DIR«á Iµ thσ commanΣ i≤ "MKDI╥ dir:filename.typ"¼ theε thσ ì defaul⌠ director∙ filσ i≤ defineΣ t∩ bσ thσ indicateΣ filσ anΣ i⌠ ì i≤á reaΣ iε immediatel∙ (subsequen⌠ ╥ commanΣ i≤ no⌠á necessary)« ì When the user issues the R command, he will be prompted with: Name of File (<RETURN> = filename.typ)? Iµ hσ strike≤ RETURN¼á thσ defaul⌠ filσ i≤ read«á Otherwise¼á hσ ì caε typσ iε ß filσ namσ oµ hi≤ choice«á N∩ defaul⌠ filσ typσá i≤ ì assumed¼ s∩ thσ filσ ma∙ bσ an∙ name« Thσ samσ promp⌠ appear≤ t∩ ì thσá ╫á (Write⌐ command«á Iε botΦ cases¼á iµ thσ use≥ wishe≤á t∩ ì ente≥ hi≤ owε filσ name¼ i⌠ ma∙ bσ oµ thσ forφ "dir:filename.typó ì s∩ hσ caε reaΣ i⌠ froφ o≥ placσ i⌠ anywhere. Onσá note║á ╫á wil∞ writσ bacδ t∩ thσ curren⌠ director∙á a≤ ì opposeΣá t∩á thσ director∙ thσ filσ originall∙ camσ froφá iµá thσ ì defaul⌠ forφ i≤ accepted. Finally¼á thσ ╙ commanΣ (Status⌐ i≤ kinΣ oµá redundant«á I⌠ ì simply tells the user some status information on MKDIR. 9.3 Disk-Based and Memory-Based Named Directories Thσá onl∙á purposσ oµ L─ i≤ t∩ loaΣ ß NameΣá Director∙á Filσ ì froφ disk¼á conver⌠ i⌠ int∩ thσ prope≥ forφ fo≥ memory-baseΣ use¼ ì anΣá storσá i⌠á iεá thσ memory-baseΣ NameΣá Director∙á Buffe≥á a≤ ì implementeΣá fo≥ ZCPR2«á Thσ reasoε fo≥ thσá memory-baseΣá NameΣ ì Director∙á Buffe≥á i≤ t∩ speeΣ processinτ wheε NameΣá Directorie≤ ì arσá referenced«á Ver∙á simply¼á al∞ thσ ZCPR▓á utilitie≤á whicΦ ì suppor⌠á NameΣ Directorie≤ perforφ thσ followinτ operation≤á wheε ì one is referenced: 1«á The∙ scaε thσ memory-baseΣ NameΣ Director∙á Buffe≥ ì fo≥ ß matcΦ t∩ thσ user-supplieΣ namσ anΣ usσ thi≤ definitioε fo≥ ì the name if found. 2«á Iµá ß memory-baseΣ NameΣ Director∙ Buffe≥á i≤á no⌠ ì availablσá o≥ thσ user-supplieΣ namσ i≤ no⌠ found¼á theε scaε thσ ì disks¼á searchinτá alonτá thσ commanΣ searcΦ patΦá fo≥á thσá filσ ì NAMES.DIR« Iµ found¼ the∙ loaΣ it¼ scaε i⌠ fo≥ thσ user-supplieΣ ì name¼ anΣ usσ thi≤ definition« Iµ no⌠ found¼ the∙ issuσ aε erro≥ ì message. I call the reader's attention to two main points here: 1«á Iµ thσ user-supplieΣ namσ i≤ founΣ iε thσá memory-ì baseΣá NameΣ Director∙ Buffer¼á theε ß disδ acces≤ i≤ no⌠á needeΣ ì anΣá thσ utilit∙ run≤ faste≥ sincσ i⌠ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ d∩ ßá disδ ì search. 2«á Iµá ßá disδ searcΦ i≤ done¼á i⌠ i≤ donσ alonτá thσ ì commanΣá searcΦ patΦ anΣ thσ firs⌠ NAMES.DI╥ filσ encountereΣá i≤ ì used« Iε thi≤ way¼ aε differen⌠ NameΣ Director∙ structurσ may beì createΣá fo≥á wha⌠ thσ use≥ sa≈ beforσ wheε hσá wa≤á loggeΣá int∩ ì another directory. To illustrate, consider the following: The memory-based Named Directory Buffer contains: A0:BASE A15:ROOT A16:HELP Thσ NAMES.DI╥ filσ founΣ froφ director∙ WORK▒ contains: B1:WORKBASE B2:HOME B3:TEST1 anΣ thσ NAMES.DI╥ filσ founΣ froφ director∙ WORK▓ contains: B1:WBASE B2:MYHOME B4:TEST2 ┴ use≥ loggeΣ int∩ WORK▒ canno⌠ acces≤ director∙ TEST2¼á anΣ ì ß use≥ loggeΣ int∩ WORK▓ canno⌠ acces≤ director∙ TEST1«á Also¼ ß ì use≥ iε WORK▒ anΣ ß use≥ iε WORK▓ caε botΦ acces≤ B▒ anΣ B2¼á bu⌠ ì the∙ d∩ s∩ b∙ differen⌠ names« Al∞ user≤ caε acces≤ A0¼ A15¼ anΣ ì A16, and they do it by the same names. ┴ conventioε ╔ likσ t∩ usσ oε m∙ system¼ bu⌠ onσ whicΦ i≤ b∙ ì n∩ mean≤ required¼á i≤ t∩ namσ thσ director∙ containinτ al∞ oµ m∙ ì command≤ a≤ ROOT¼ anΣ ╔ likσ t∩ kee≡ i⌠ u≡ ou⌠ oµ thσ wa∙ a⌠ A15« ì B∙ beinτ iε A15¼á ╔ caε loτ int∩ i⌠ wheε ╔ kno≈ thσ command≤ wil∞ ì come from it and I want them to run as quickly as possible. Anothe≥á conventioεá ╔ likσ t∩ usσ i≤ t∩ placσ al∞á thσá HL╨ ì file≤á (fo≥á thσ onlinσ documentatioε system⌐ u≡á iεá A16«á Thi≤ ì director∙á canno⌠ bσ loggeΣ into¼á bu⌠ ╔ don'⌠ wan⌠ t∩á sincσá n∩ ì command≤ residσ there« Thσ HEL╨ prograφ caε bσ madσ t∩ finΣ theφ ì easil∙á sincσ i⌠ caε bσ se⌠ u≡ t∩ eithe≥ scaε thσ commanΣá searcΦ ì patΦ anΣ theε scaε it≤ owε interna∞ path¼á whicΦ ╔ havσ endinτ iε ì A16, or I can set up HELP to just scan its internal path. 9.4 Loading Named Directory Files with LD L─ (LoaΣ Directory⌐ load≤ thσ NameΣ Director∙ Filσ NAMES.DI╥ ì o≥á thσá filσá specifieΣá iε thσ commanΣ linσá int∩á thσá memory-ì residen⌠á NameΣá Director∙ Buffer«á L─ automaticall∙á scan≤á thσ ì command search path for the desired directory. LD is invoked by one of the following forms: LD // <-- Print Help LD <-- Print Load Stats LD filename <-- Load filename.DIR LD filename.typ <-- Load filename.typ Notσ tha⌠ ╔ d∩ NO╘ permi⌠ ß DIR║á o≥ DU║á prefi° oε thσ filσ ì name«á Thσá filσ t∩ bσ loadeΣ ha≤ t∩ bσ founΣ alonτ thσá commanΣ ì searcΦ path«á ╔ diΣ thi≤ t∩ makσ L─ a≤ smal∞ a≤ possiblσ anΣ ruε ì as quickly as possible. 9.5 Printing Named Directory Files and Buffers with PWD PWD (Print Working Directory) is used for two functions: 1. To print the name of the directory you currently reside in 2. To print the names of all directories you can access from where you are PWD is invoked by the following forms: PWD // <-- Print Help PWD <-- Print Current Directory PWD DIR <-- Print Directory Info 9.6 Moving About with CD C─á (Changσ Directory⌐ i≤ useΣ t∩ movσ froφ onσ director∙ t∩ ì anothe≥ b∙ usinτ thσ name≤ associateΣ witΦ thσá directories«á C─ ì is invoked by one of the forms: CD // <-- Print Help CD dir or CD dir: <-- Log into Directory Wheε C─ executes¼ i⌠ determine≤ thσ disδ anΣ use≥ associateΣ ì t∩ thσ namσ b∙ thσ standarΣ ZCPR▓ technique: 1«á C─á scan≤ thσ memory-baseΣ NameΣ Director∙á Buffe≥ ì fo≥á ß matcΦ t∩ thσ user-supplieΣ namσ anΣ use≤á thi≤á definitioε ì fo≥ thσ namσ iµ found. 2«á Iµá ß memory-baseΣ NameΣ Director∙ Buffe≥á i≤á no⌠ ì availablσá o≥ thσ user-supplieΣ namσ i≤ no⌠ found¼á theε C─ scan≤ ì thσ disks¼á searchinτ alonτ thσ commanΣ searcΦ patΦ fo≥ thσá filσ ì NAMES.DIR« Iµ found¼ C─ load≤ it¼ scan≤ i⌠ fo≥ thσ user-supplieΣ ì name¼ anΣ use≤ thi≤ definition« Iµ no⌠ found¼ C─ issue≤ aε erro≥ ì message. Oncσá C─ identifie≤ thσ director∙ t∩ loτ into¼á i⌠ check≤ t∩ ì seσá iµ i⌠ i≤ ß Systeφ Director∙ (use≥ numbe≥ greate≥ thaε 1░á -- ì seσ later⌐ anΣ ask≤ fo≥ ß passworΣ iµ so« Iµ aε invaliΣ passworΣ ì is given, CD drops the user back into his original directory. Iµá C─á decide≤á t∩ givσ thσ use≥ acces≤á t∩á thσá director∙ ì (valiΣá passworΣ i≤ giveε fo≥ ß Systeφ Director∙ o≥ i⌠ i≤á no⌠á ß ì Systeφ Directory)¼ theε C─ log≤ int∩ thσ directory¼ check≤ t∩ seσ ì iµ thσ filσ ST.CO═ exists¼ anΣ chain≤ t∩ i⌠ iµ i⌠ doe≤ (usinτ thσ ì Multiplσá CommanΣ Linσ Buffer)«á Thi≤ latte≥ actioε i≤ no⌠ takeε ì if the Multiple Command Line Buffer is not available. ST.CO═á i≤ simpl∙ ß cop∙ oµ STARTUP.CO═ unde≥ thσá namσá ST« ì Thσá onl∙ purposσ oµ STARTU╨ i≤ t∩ loaΣ thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ ì Buffe≥á witΦá ßá commanΣ linσ wheε i⌠á i≤á executeΣá withou⌠á an∙ ì options«á Thi≤á commanΣ linσ ma∙ contaiε ß reasonablσ numbe≥á oµ ì commands which perform any desired set of functions. Iεá thσá ZCPR▓ environment¼á gooΣ candidatσ command≤á t∩á bσ ì executed by running ST via CD include the following: LD dirname <-- Set up a new Memory-Based Named Directory Environment PAT╚ path-ex≡ <-- Se⌠ u≡ ß ne≈ CommanΣ SearcΦ Path MENU <-- Invoke the MENU Preprocessor ECHO message <-- Print a Message to the User Hence¼á thσá user'≤á environmen⌠ caε changσá drasticall∙á b∙ ì usinτá C─á t∩á loτá int∩á ß ne≈á directory«á Thσá name≤á oµá thσ ì directorie≤ hσ caε acces≤ caε changσ (L─ change≤ thσ Memory-BaseΣ ì name≤á anΣá ß ne≈ NAMES.DI╥ filσ alonτ hi≤á commanΣá searcΦá patΦ ì change≤á thσ Disk-BaseΣ names)¼á thσ commanΣ searcΦ patΦ hσá use≤ ì caεá change¼á anΣ hσ caε eveε finΣ himselµ iε ß MEN╒á environmen⌠ ì insteaΣ oµ ß ZCPR▓ commanΣ environment. 9.7 Poor Little ECHO and CD ECH╧ i≤ ß rathe≥ trivia∞ prograφ -- i⌠ simpl∙ echo≤ thσ tex⌠ ì following it. It has only one form: ECHO text anΣ i⌠ print≤ "textó oε thσ consolσ wheε i⌠ executes« Wh∙ havσ ß ì program like this? The answer is with CD and ST. CD¼á a≤ ╔ mentioneΣ earlier¼á automaticall∙ invoke≤ S╘ iµ i⌠ ì find≤ i⌠ iε thσ director∙ i⌠ log≤ into«á ECH╧ i≤ provideΣ a≤ onσ ì oµ thσ command≤ S╘ coulΣ execute« Iε thi≤ mode¼ thσ commanΣ linσ ì containinτ thσ ECH╧ commanΣ wil∞ no⌠ bσ printeΣ t∩ thσ user¼á bu⌠ ì thσ tex⌠ printeΣ b∙ ECH╧ will«á Hence¼á ECH╧ caε bσ useΣ t∩ givσ ì the user one-line messages upon entering a new directory. Iµá thσ use≥ i≤ t∩ receivσ morσ thaε onσ line¼á theε ßá filσ ì caεá bσ createΣ somewherσ whicΦ contain≤ thσ tex⌠ oµ thσ message¼ ì anΣ TYP┼ caε bσ useΣ t∩ prin⌠ thσ filσ oε thσ console« Notσ tha⌠ ì TYPE permits the DU: form, so the file can be anywhere. 9.8 System Directories Therσáá exist≤áá ßá clas≤á oµá directorie≤áá calleΣáá Systeφ ì Directorie≤ unde≥ ZCPR2« Thesσ arσ directorie≤ whosσ use≥ numbe≥ ì i≤á 1░ o≥ greate≥ (thi≤ ma∙ bσ changeΣ fo≥ eacΦá installatioεá b∙ ì using GENINS). Iµá yo⌡á issuσá thσá commanΣ "PW─á DIRóá froφá ßá non-Systeφ ì directory¼ PW─ ma∙ tel∞ yo⌡ tha⌠ somσ directorie≤ arσ hidden« I⌠ ì wil∞á no⌠á displa∙á thσ name≤ oµ thσ Systeφá Directorie≤á t∩á yo⌡ ì unless you reside in a System Directory. Systeφá Directorie≤á arσ fo≥ privelegeΣ users«á Iµ thσá DU║ ì forφ fo≥ switchinτ betweeε directorie≤ i≤ no⌠ available¼ thσ onl∙ ì wa∙ t∩ switcΦ betweeε directorie≤ i≤ b∙ mean≤ oµ thσ C─á command« ì CD¼á wheεá i⌠á realize≤ tha⌠ yo⌡ havσ giveε thσ namσ oµ ßá Systeφ ì Directory¼á ask≤á yo⌡ fo≥ ß password«á Yo⌡ mus⌠ correctl∙á ente≥ ì thi≤á passworΣá beforσá C─ wil∞ allo≈ yo⌡á t∩á ente≥á thσá Systeφ ì Directory. Hence¼á tw∩ level≤ oµ protectioε arσ affordeΣ t∩ ß systeφ b∙ ì disablinτ thσ DU║ forφ anΣ usinτ nameΣ directories« Thσ firs⌠ i≤ ì tha⌠á ß non-privelegeΣ use≥ canno⌠ finΣ ou⌠ wha⌠ thσ name≤ oµ thσ ì Systeφá Directorie≤á arσá b∙ usinτ PW─ (i⌠ i≤ u≡á t∩á thσá Systeφ ì Manage≥á t∩á insurσ tha⌠ n∩ othe≥ too∞ i≤ availablσ t∩á thσá non-ì privelegeΣ use≥ t∩ allo≈ hiφ t∩ finΣ ou⌠ thi≤ information)«á Thσ ì seconΣá i≤ that¼á eveε iµ thσ non-privelegeΣ use≥ founΣ ou⌠á wha⌠ ì thσá name≤á oµá thσ Systeφ Directorie≤á are¼á hσá stil∞á need≤á ß ì password to enter them. 9.9 Sample Sessions Thσ followinτ frame≤ arσ sample≤ oµ actua∞ termina∞ session≤ ì whicΦá illustratσá severa∞ oµ thσ point≤ discusseΣ iεá thi≤á HEL╨ ì file«á ╔ havσ placeΣ comments¼á preceedeΣ b∙ <<¼ ou⌠ t∩ thσ sidσ ì t∩á hel≡á yo⌡ alonτ iε you≥ readinτ oµ thσ session≤ anΣ t∩á poin⌠ ì out key features I am trying to illustrate. B7>mkdir MKDIR Version 1.2 MKDIR Command (? for Help)? ? << Print Help MKDIR Commands are -- C -- Change Directory (Add/Rename/Delete Entries) I -- Initialize Directory P -- Print Directory R -- Read Directory File S -- Status of MKDIR Environment W -- Write Directory File X -- Exit Program MKDIR Command (? for Help)? R << Read in File Name of File (<RETURN> = NAMES .DIR)? << Default from Path MKDIR Command (? for Help)? P << Print Directory Disk A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE 10: SYS 11: ZCPR 15: ROOT 16: HELP Disk B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE Disk C -- 0: BACKUP 22 Entries in Directory MKDIR Command (? for Help)? S << Status ** MKDIR Status ** 22 Entries in Directory 42 Empty Entries Remaining Working File Name: NAMES .DIR No Changes made to Directory since Startup File has been loaded MKDIR Command (? for Help)? C << Enter Change Mode ** MKDIR Change Mode ** Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? ? << Print Help MKDIR Change Mode -- You may issue the following commands at this point: DU:dirname <-- Create/Rename Dir Entry DU: <-- Delete Dir Entry <RETURN> <-- Print Directory X <-- Exit ? <-- Print this Help Directory Entry (?<RETURN> fo Help)? b1: << Delete Deleting ASM -- 21 Entries Remaining Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? c2:newdir << Add/Rename Adding NEWDIR -- 22 Entries in Directory, Room for 42 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b2: Deleting BDSC -- 21 Entries Remaining Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b3: Deleting PAS -- 20 Entries Remaining Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b1:mydir Adding MYDIR -- 21 Entries in Directory, Room for 43 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b0:d-base Renaming DEV-BASE -- 21 Entries in Directory, Room for 43 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? << Print Dir Disk A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE 10: SYS 11: ZCPR 15: ROOT 16: HELP Disk B -- 0: D-BASE 1: MYDIR 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE Disk C -- 0: BACKUP 2: NEWDIR 21 Entries in Directory Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? x << Exit MKDI╥ CommanΣ (┐ fo≥ Help)┐ ╫ <╝ Writσ to Disk Name of File (<RETURN> = NAMES .DIR)? temp.dir << New File Writing Directory to Disk ... Done MKDIR Command (? for Help)? I << Init Dir Are you sure you want to Initialize the Directory (Y/N/<CR>=N)? Y MKDIR Command (? for Help)? P << Print New Dir Empty Directory MKDIR Command (? for Help)? C << Enter Names ** MKDIR Change Mode ** Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? a15:root Adding ROOT -- 1 Entries in Directory, Room for 63 More Drectory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? a0:base Adding BASE -- 2 Entries in Directory, Room for 62 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b1:work1 Adding WORK1 -- 3 Entries in Directory, Room for 61 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b2:work2 Adding WORK2 -- 4 Entries in Directory, Room for 60 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b3:work3 Adding WORK3 -- 5 Entries in Directory, Room for 59 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? << Print Dir Disk A -- 0: BASE 15: ROOT Disk B -- 1: WORK1 2: WORK2 3: WORK3 5 Entries in Directory Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? b0:workbase Adding WORKBASE -- 6 Entries in Directory, Room for 58 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? x << Exit MKDIR Command (? for Help)? P << Print Again Disk A -- 0: BASE 15: ROOT Disk B -- 0: WORKBASE 1: WORK1 2: WORK2 3: WORK3 6 Entries in Directory MKDIR Command (? for Hep)? W << Write to Disk Name of File (<RETURN> = TEMP .DIR)? temp2.dir << New File Writing Directory to Disk ... Done MKDIR Command (? for Help)? R << Read in File Name of File (<RETURN> = TEMP2 .DIR)? temp.dir MKDIR Command (? for Help)? P << Look at it Disk A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE 10: SYS 11: ZCPR 15: ROOT 16: HELP Disk B -- 0: D-BASE 1: MYDIR 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE Disk C -- 0: BACKUP 2: NEWDIR 21 Entries in Directory MKDIR Command (? for Help)? R << Read in Another Name of File (<RETURN> = TEMP .DIR)? temp2.dir MKDIR Command (? for Help)? P << Look at it Disk A -- 0: BASE 15: ROOT Disk B -- 0: WORKBASE 1: WORK1 2: WORK2 3: WORK3 6 Entries in Directory MKDIR Command (? for Help)? X << Exit <╝ ╔ havσ no≈ createΣ ▓ ne≈ directories¼ TEMP.DI╥ anΣ TEMP2.DIR B7>mkdir temp2.dir << MKDIR and Read File MKDIR Version 1.2 MKDIR Command (? for Help)? P << Print Disk A -- 0: BASE 15: ROOT Dik B -- 0: WORKBASE 1: WORK1 2: WORK2 3: WORK3 6 Entries in Directory MKDIR Command (? for Help)? C << Change ** MKDIR Change Mode ** Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? a4:help Adding HELP -- 7 Entries in Directory, Room for 57 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? x MKDIR Command (? for Help)? R << Read in file and throw away Name of File (<RETURN> = TEMP2 .DIR)? << ... changes MKDIR Command (? for Help)? C << Change this file instead ** MKDIR Change Mode ** Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? a16:help Adding HELP -- 7 Entries in Directory, Room for 57 More Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? Disk A -- 0: BASE 15: ROOT 16: HELP Disk B -- 0: WORKBASE 1: WORK1 2: WORK2 3: WORK3 7 Entries in Directory Directory Entry (?<RETURN> for Help)? x MKDIR Command (? for Help)? X << Exit without saving first Directory has changed since last Write << MKDIR caught me Do you want to write Directory to Disk first (Y/N/<CR>=Y)?Y Name of File (<RETURN> = TEMP2 .DIR)? << Save file Writing Directory to Disk ... Done B7>dir *.dir TEMP .DIR | TEMP2 .DIR B7>pwd // << PWD Help PWD, Version 1.1 PWD is a ZCPR2 named directory display utility (PWD=Print Working Directory). Command Forms are: PWD <-- Print Current Info PWD DIR <-- Print Available Directories PWD // <-- Print Help Message B7>pwd << Print Current Dir PWD, Version 1.1 ** Current Directory ** B 7: WS B7>pwd dir << Print Known Dirs PWD, Version 1.1 ** Directory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 3 Directory Entries Total ( 2 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: BASE Strike Any Key to Continue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 22 Directory Entries Total ( 4 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP ** Current Directory ** B 7: WS B7>10: << Enter System Dir to see all B10>pwd dir << Now look at dirs PWD, Version 1.1 ** Directory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 3 Directory Entries Total ( 0 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: BASE 15: ROOT 16: HELP Strike Any Key to Continue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 22 Directory Entries Total ( 0 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE 10: SYS 11: ZCPR 15: ROOT 16: HELP B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP ** Current Directory ** Noname B10>ld // << LD Help LD Version 1.1 LD is the Load Directory program for ZCPR2. The functions of LD are to load the memory-resident named directory uffer from the specified or implied disk file and to display the contents of the named directory buffer. The forms of the LD command are -- LD <-- Display Loaded Directory LD filename <-- Load filename.DIR LD filename.typ <-- Load filename.typ LD // <-- Print this Help Message B10>ld << Print Status LD Version 1.1 ********************************************** ** Memory-Based Named Directory Definitions ** ** Number of Entries Permitted: 50 ** ** Number of Entries Loaded: 3 ** ********************************************** -- Named Directory Display -- A -- 0: BASE 15: ROOT 16: HELP ** Current Directory ** Not Named in Directory Buffer B10>ld ld << Load a Directory (LD.DIR) LD Version 1.1 Load Complete B10>pwd dir << Print new environ PWD, Version 1.1 ** Diectory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 13 Directory Entries Total ( 0 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: BASE 10: SYS 11: ZCPR 15: ROOT B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP Strike Any Key to Continue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 22 Directory Entries Total ( 0 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE 10: SYS 11: ZCPR 15: ROOT 16: HELP B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP ** Current Directory ** Noname B10>7:;pwd dir << Print same environ from non-Sys user PWD, Version 1.1 ** Directory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 3 Directory Entries Total ( 3 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: BASE B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP Strike Any Key to Continue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 22 Directory Entries Total ( 4 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP ** Current Directory ** B 7: WS B7>ld temp2;pwd dir << Load one of my new environs LD Version 1.1 Load Complete PWD, Version 1.1 ** Directory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 7 Directory Entries Total ( 2 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: BASE B -- 0: WORKBASE 1: WORK1 2: WORK2 3: WORK3 Strike Any Key to Coninue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 22 Directory Entries Total ( 4 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: R-BASE 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE B -- 0: DEV-BASE 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP ** Current Directory ** B 7: WS B7>ld ld << Load Standard Environ LD Version 1.1 Load Complete B7>cd cat << CD into CAT Directory CD Version 2.3 MENU Version 1.4 << MENU automatically comes up! Disk Cataloging System Catalog Update Functions -- 1 - Update Disks on C: into a Temporary File 2 - Update the Disk on C: into the Archival Disk File 3 - Update the Disk on C: into the Active Disk File Merge the Temporary File into -- 4 - The Archival Disk File 5 - The Active Disk File Backup -- 6 - The Archival Disk File 7 - The Active Disk File Scan -- A- The Archival Disk Catalog B - The Active Disk Catalog Miscellaneous Functions -- D - Delete TEMP and BAK Files T - Display the Date and Time X - Display Disk Directory Z - Issue Any ZCPR2 Command Command (<CR>=Menu, ^C=ZCPR2) - A << Scan Catalog Input Files and Disks -- mkdir.mac............................... CATALOG II Version 5.3 Catalog File: MASTER .CAT ++ SCAN Catalog Function ++ Date of Last Write/Merge: 15 Jan 83 CATALOG File Name: MASTER .CAT Date/Comment: 15 Jan 83 Filename.Typ Diskname.Dsk Diskname.Dsk Diskname.Dsk MKDIR .MAC BACK015 .J01 C&ASM .J06 SRC015 .J00 ++ SCAN Function Complete ++ MENU Version 1.4 Strike Any Key - << Give user time Disk Cataloging System Catalog Update Functions -- 1 - Update Disks on C: into a Temporary File 2 - Update the Disk on C: into the Archival Disk File 3 - Update the Disk on C: into the Active Disk File Merge the Temporary File into -- 4 - The Archival Disk File 5 - The Active Disk File Backp -- 6 - The Archival Disk File 7 - The Active Disk File Scan -- A - The Archival Disk Catalog B - The Active Disk Catalog Miscellaneous Functions -- D - Delete TEMP and BAK Files T - Display the Date and Time X - Display Disk Directory Z - Issue Any ZCPR2 Command Command (<CR>=Menu, ^C=ZCPR2) - Z << Enter Command Line Input Command -- cd ws................................... CD, Version 2.3 << Return to Dir WS MENU Version 1.4 << MENU tries, but none there B7> << At Command Level Again