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.he ZCPR2 -- An Enhanced Z80-Based Replacement for the CP/M CCP .fo Concepts Manual Page # Concepts Manual for ZCPR2 1.0 Introduction Thσáá Z80-baseΣá CommanΣá Processo≥á Replacemen⌠á Versioεá 2ô ì (ZCPR2⌐á i≤ ß replacemen⌠ fo≥ thσ CP/═ Consolσ CommanΣá Processorô ì (CCP⌐á whicΦ create≤ aε extremel∙ capablσ anΣá flexiblσá environì ment¼á placinτ ß totall∙ ne≈ interfacσ oε thσ user'≤ CP/═ system« ì Thσá primar∙á purposσ oµ ZCPR▓ i≤ t∩ improvσ thσ user'≤á productì ivit∙ b∙ givinτ hiφ aε environmen⌠ whicΦ i≤ mucΦ morσá responsivσ ì t∩á hi≤ need≤ anΣ configurablσ t∩ hi≤ specifiπ desire≤ thaεá CP/═ ì 2.▓ whilσ stil∞ remaininτ CP/═ 2.▓ compatablσ anΣ allowinτ hiφ t∩ ì ruεá most¼á iµá no⌠ all¼á oµ hi≤ CP/═ softwarσ witΦ littlσ o≥á n∩ ì modification. T∩ givσ yo⌡ ß firs⌠ picturσ oµ ZCPR2¼á let'≤ takσ ß comparaì tivσ looδ a⌠ ß runninτ CP/═ systeφ anΣ ß runninτ ZCPR▓ system. -- Diagram 1 -- Address CP/M System ZCPR2 System High Memory -> --------------------- ------------------------- | BIOS | | Modified BIOS | BDOS+0E00H -> --------------------- ------------------------- | CP/M 2.2 BDOS | | CP/M 2.2 BDOS | CCP +0800H -> --------------------- -- ------------------------- | CP/M 2.2 CCP | T | ZCPR2 | CCP Base -> --------------------- P ------------------------- | Scratch Area | A* | Scratch Area | 100H -> --------------------- -- ------------------------- | CP/M Buffers et al| | ZCPR2 Buffers et al | 0H -> --------------------- ------------------------- *TP┴ ╜ Transien⌠ Prograφ Area¼á whicΦ cover≤ thσ ScratcΦ Areß anΣ ì the CCP or ZCPR2 CP/M and ZCPR2-Based Executing Images A≤á thσ reade≥ caε see¼á ß ZCPR2-baseΣ systeφ i≤á structureΣ ì likσá ß CP/M-baseΣ system«á Fo≥ al∞ intent≤ anΣ purposes¼á ZCPR▓ ì look≤á likσ CP/═ t∩ ß prograφ designeΣ t∩ ruεá unde≥á CP/M«á Thσ ì differencσ i≤ mainl∙ iε thσ wa∙ ZCPR▓ look≤ t∩ thσ user. 1.1 Another Look at CP/M 2.2 CP/═á (╔ wil∞ refe≥ t∩ CP/═ 2.▓ a≤ CP/═ froφ herσ on⌐ i≤á aε ì Operatinτá System¼á whicΦ i≤ ß compute≥ prograφ whosσ functioε i≤ ì t∩ managσ thσ resource≤ oµ thσ computer« Al∞ computer≤ havσ fou≥ ì basiπ resource≤ t∩ bσ manageΣ b∙ thσ operatinτ system: o Memory o Processors and Processes (Process = running Program) o Devices o Information Iε thσ wa∙ oµ Memor∙ Management¼ CP/═ doe≤ ver∙ little« Thσ ì basiπ memor∙ structurσ i≤ defineΣ a≤ iε thσ previou≤ diagram¼ anΣ ì tha⌠ i≤ thσ exten⌠ oµ thσ memor∙ managemen⌠ performeΣ b∙ CP/M. Likewise¼á iε thσ wa∙ oµ Proces≤ Management¼ CP/═ agaiε doe≤ ì ver∙á little«á Sincσá therσ i≤ onl∙ onσ processo≥á involved¼á n∩ ì processo≥á managemen⌠á i≤ donσ a⌠ all«á WitΦá onl∙á onσá proces≤ ì involveΣá (typically)¼á CP/═á simpl∙ start≤ thσ proces≤ anΣá theε ì relinquishe≤ al∞ control«á Oncσ thσ proces≤ ha≤ control¼á i⌠ ha≤ ì completσá contro∞ ove≥ thσ entirσ microcomputer¼á anΣá CP/═á doe≤ ì nothinτ t∩ sto≡ i⌠ froφ doinτ anythinτ i⌠ wishe≤ t∩ do. Thσ beaut∙ oµ CP/═ i≤ thσ wa∙ i⌠ doe≤ devicσ anΣ informatioε ì management«á Devicσá Managementô i≤ performeΣ b∙ thσ Basiπ Input-ì Outpu⌠ Systemô (BIOS⌐ oµ CP/M«á Thσ BIO╙ provide≤ ß standardized¼ ì hardware-independen⌠á interfacσ t∩ thσ device≤ oµá thσá microcomì pute≥á regardles≤ oµ wha⌠ thσ actua∞ device≤ are«á Thesσ device≤ ì arσ interfaceΣ t∩ b∙ wa∙ oµ ß tablσ oµ jum≡ instruction≤á locateΣ ì a⌠ thσ beginninτ oµ thσ BIOS¼á anΣ thσ parameter≤ passeΣ t∩ thesσ ì routines¼á thσá parameter≤á passeΣ froφ thesσ routines¼á anΣá thσ ì function≤ oµ thesσ routine≤ arσ precisel∙ defined«á Thσ softwarσ ì anΣ programme≥ d∩ no⌠ neeΣ t∩ kno≈ HO╫ thσ routine≤ perforφ thei≥ ì functions╗ thσ softwarσ anΣ programme≥ onl∙ neeΣ t∩ kno≈ wha⌠ thσ ì routine≤ d∩ anΣ ho≈ t∩ communicatσ witΦ them«á Thi≤ i≤ ß proces≤ ì box¼ o≥ blacδ box¼ concept: -- Diagram 2 -- | | Input Parameters | are precisely known | V The Process Box is --------------------- a "Black Box", and Process Box: | Function is | <-- it is not needed ⁿ Precisel∙ Knowε ⁿ to know what is in --------------------- the box to use it | | Output Parameters The Process Box | are precisely known Concept for CP/M | V è Fo≥ example¼á thσ fourtΦ entr∙ iε thσ BIO╙ Jum≡ Tablσ i≤ thσ ì Consolσá Inpu⌠ Routine¼á anΣ iε orde≥ fo≥ ß prograφ t∩á obtaiεá ß ì characte≥á froφá thσ user'≤ console¼á regardles≤ oµ wha⌠ typσá oµ ì devicσá thσ consolσ ma∙ bσ (sucΦ a≤ ß CR╘ o≥ printinτá terminal)¼ ì al∞á thσá softwarσá ha≤ t∩ d∩ i≤ makσ ß subroutinσá cal∞á t∩á thσ ì routinσá startinτá a⌠ BIO╙ ½ ╣ (eacΦ Jum≡ Tablσá Entr∙á i≤á threσ ì byte≤ long)¼ anΣ thσ BIO╙ wil∞ returε thσ nex⌠ characte≥ froφ thσ ì consolσ iε thσ ┴ register« T∩ outpu⌠ ß characte≥ t∩ thσ console¼ ì thσá softwarσ neeΣ onl∙ placσ tha⌠ characte≥ int∩ thσ ├á registe≥ ì anΣ makσ ß cal∞ t∩ thσ subroutinσ startinτ a⌠ BIO╙ ½ 12. Thσá BIO╙á perform≤ al∞ oµ thσ devicσ contro∞ function≤á neì cessar∙ fo≥ CP/═ anΣ thσ program≤ whicΦ ruε unde≥ CP/═ t∩ d∩ mos⌠ ì oµ wha⌠ the∙ neeΣ t∩ do«á Surprisingly¼ therσ arσ onl∙ seventeeε ì general-purposσ function≤ requireΣ t∩ providσ thσ hardwarσ interì face≤ necessar∙ t∩ perforφ al∞ characte≥ anΣ disδ I/╧ unde≥ CP/M« ì Thesσá function≤á arσ reall∙ quitσ simplσ wheε yo⌡ comσá dowεá t∩ ì looδ a⌠ them« The∙ are: 1) Initialization Functions ∩ ColΣ Boo⌠ Initializatioε (wheε thσ systeφ i≤ firs⌠ turneΣ on) o Warm Boot Initialization (performed periodically after the system is turned on) 2) Character Input/Output Functions o Console Status (check for availability of a character at the console) o Console Input o Console Output o List Status (check to see if List Device is ready to output the next character) o List (Printer) Output o Punch Output o Reader Input 3) Disk Input/Output Functions o Home Disk (move head to Track 0) o Select Disk (which disk to use) o Select Track o Select Sector o Select Memory Address to Read Into or Write From o Read Block (at selected Track and Sector) into Memory (at selected Memory Address) o Write Block (to selected Track and Sector) from Memory (at selected Memory Address) o Logical-to-Physical Sector Translation (for efficiency of disk use) Thσ BIOS¼á then¼ create≤ ß Virtua∞ Machine¼ whicΦ i≤ ß hypoì thetica∞á compute≥á tha⌠ al∞ CP/═ softwarσ run≤á under«á Iεá al∞ ì cases¼á thank≤ t∩ thσ BIO╙ design¼á thi≤ hypothetica∞ compute≥ i≤ ì thσá samσ compute≥ regardles≤ oµ wha⌠ thσ actua∞ hardwarσ oµá thσ ì microcompute≥ is«á I⌠ make≤ n∩ differencσ iµ ╡ 1/4ó flopp∙ disk≤ ì a⌠á 100╦ bytes/disk¼á 8ó flopp∙ disk≤ a⌠ 600╦ bytes/disk¼á o≥á 8ó ì Wincheste≥á harΣ disk≤ a⌠ 5═ bytes/disδ arσ used«á Thσá softwarσ ì talk≤á t∩á al∞ oµ thesσ device≤ iε thσ samσ way¼á anΣ thi≤á make≤ ì sucΦá softwarσ transportablσ A╘ TH┼ BINAR┘ LEVE╠ betweeε an∙á tw∩ ì microcomputer≤ runninτ CP/M« Thσá fourtΦá anΣá fina∞ functioε oµ aε operatinτá systeφá i≤ ì Informatioε Management¼á whicΦ boil≤ dowε t∩ thσ contro∞ oµ file≤ ì oεá disk«á CP/═ shine≤ herσ too¼á extendinτ thσ virtua∞á machinσ ì concep⌠ a≤ applieΣ t∩ hardwarσ b∙ thσ BIO╙ t∩ file≤ oε disk« Thσ ì Basiπá Disδ Operatinτ Systemô (BDOS⌐ portioε oµ CP/═ create≤á thi≤ ì file-orienteΣ virtua∞ machine« T∩ illustratσ m∙ point¼ somσ (anΣ ì b∙ n∩ mean≤ ALL⌐ oµ thσ function≤ provideΣ b∙ thσ BDO╙ are: o Reset Disk System o Select Disk o Create File (actually, create a directory entry for a file) o Open File (make a file ready for reading or writing) o Close File (terminate the read/write process) o Delete File o Rename File o Set Memory Address to Read Into or Write From o Read Next Block from File o Write Next Block into File Notσá thσá similarit∙ betweeε thesσ BDO╙ function≤á anΣá thσ ì BIO╙á disδá functions«á Thesσ BDO╙ function≤ arσ accesseΣá iεá ß ì differen⌠á wa∙á froφá thσ BIOS¼á bu⌠ thσ proces≤ bo°á concep⌠á i≤ ì maintained«á Al∞ tha⌠ onσ need≤ t∩ kno≈ i≤ wha⌠ thσ inpu⌠á paraì meter≤ are¼ wha⌠ thσ outpu⌠ parameter≤ are¼ anΣ wha⌠ thσ functioε ì performeΣá is«á Oncσ more¼á transportabilit∙ i≤ realizeΣ A╘á TH┼ ì BINAR┘ LEVEL¼ bu⌠ thi≤ timσ i⌠ i≤ witΦ respec⌠ t∩ thσ informatioε ì manipulateΣá b∙ thσ computer«á Thi≤ virtua∞ machinσ greatl∙ supì port≤ thσ exchangσ anΣ salσ oµ software« Iµ effect¼ thσ creatioε ì oµá CP/═á spawneΣ aε industr∙ baseΣ oεá somethinτá no⌠á conceiveΣ ì before║á thσ exchangσ oµ softwarσ regardless¼á b∙ anΣ large¼á oµ ì thσá actua∞ compute≥ hardwarσ involveΣ anΣ independen⌠ oµ an∙ onσ ì compute≥á hardwarσ manufacturer«á Al∞ oµ thi≤ i≤ causeΣá b∙á thσ ì CP/═ Virtua∞ Machine. 1.2 Where ZCPR2 Fits In Let'≤ revie≈ Diagraφ 1¼á whicΦ compare≤ CP/═ 2.▓ t∩ ß ZCPR2-ì baseΣ system: -- Diagram 1 -- Address CP/M System ZCPR2 System High Memory -> --------------------- ------------------------- | BIOS | | Modified BIOS | BDOS+0E00H -> --------------------- ------------------------- | CP/M 2.2 BDOS | | CP/M 2.2 BDOS | CCP +0800H -> --------------------- -- ------------------------- | CP/M 2.2 CCP | T | ZCPR2 | CCP Base -> --------------------- P ------------------------- | Scratch Area | A* | Scratch Area | 100H -> --------------------- -- ------------------------- | CP/M Buffers et al| | ZCPR2 Buffers et al | 0H -> --------------------- ------------------------- *TP┴ ╜ Transien⌠ Prograφ Area¼á whicΦ cover≤ thσ ScratcΦ Areß anΣ ì the CCP or ZCPR2 CP/M and ZCPR2-Based Executing Images A≤ thσ reade≥ caε see¼á thσ Virtua∞ Machinσ oµ CP/═ i≤á lef⌠ ì more-or-les≤á intac⌠ iε thσ ZCPR▓ environment«á Thσ BDO╙ i≤ lef⌠ ì unchanged¼á anΣá thσ BIO╙ i≤ modifieΣ (bu⌠ thi≤ i≤ onl∙ iεá mino≥ ì way≤á anΣá thσ interface≤ arσá lef⌠á unaffected)«á Hence¼á unde≥ ì ZCPR2¼ wσ arσ dealinτ witΦ thσ samσ Virtua∞ Machine¼ anΣ thσ samσ ì softwarσá whicΦá raε unde≥ CP/═ 2.▓ wil∞ als∩á ruεá unde≥á ZCPR2¼ ì excep⌠á iεá thosσá fe≈ case≤ wherσ thσ softwarσ useΣ thσá CC╨á t∩ ì perforφá somσá function≤á (iε whicΦ case≤ ZCPR▓ ma∙á o≥á ma∙á no⌠ ì work). ZCPR▓á provide≤ ß ver∙ versatilσ interfacσ betweeε thσá use≥ ì anΣá hi≤á microcompute≥ witΦ it≤ software«á Thσá windo≈á througΦ ì whicΦá thσá use≥ see≤ hi≤ systeφ i≤ changeΣ radicall∙á b∙á ZCPR2¼ ì and¼á iε m∙ opinion¼ thσ microcompute≥ systeφ become≤ ß mucΦ morσ ì usefu∞á anΣ versatilσ too∞ anΣ thσ user'≤ productivit∙á increase≤ ì significantl∙á becausσá oµ ZCPR2«á Thi≤ documen⌠ i≤ intendeΣá t∩ ì cove≥ thσ basiπ concept≤ oµ ZCPR2¼ emphasizinτ ho≈ ZCPR▓ enhance≤ ì thσ user'≤ capabilitie≤ anΣ improve≤ hi≤ productivity« Thσ readì e≥á i≤ inviteΣ t∩ reaΣ thσ Rationalσ Manua∞ iµ hσ want≤á t∩á disì cove≥ wh∙ ZCPR▒ anΣ ZCPR▓ werσ createΣ iε thσ firs⌠ placσ anΣ wh∙ ì thσá thing≤á abou⌠ t∩ bσ describeΣ werσ donσ thσ wa∙á the∙á were« ì Thi≤ Concept≤ Manua∞ jus⌠ covers¼á b∙ anΣ large¼ wha⌠ ZCPR▓ does¼ ì anΣ onl∙ occasionall∙ explain≤ wh∙ i⌠ wa≤ donσ thi≤ way. 2.0 ZCPR2 Overview ZCPR▓ provide≤ aε interactivσ interfacσ t∩ thσ user'≤ microì compute≥á whicΦá i≤á significantl∙ extendeΣ ove≥á tha⌠á interfacσ ì provideΣá b∙ thσ CP/═ 2.▓ CCP«á Thσ use≥ i≤ inviteΣ t∩ refe≥á t∩ ì thσá Rationalσ Manua∞ fo≥ ß detaileΣ comparisoε betweeε thσá CP/═ ì 2.▓á CC╨ anΣ ZCPR2«á ┴ workinτ knowledgσ oµ CP/═ 2.▓ i≤á assumeΣ ì fo≥á thσ followinτ discussion«á Also¼á thσ followinτá discussioε ì pertain≤ t∩ ZCPR▓ system≤ whicΦ arσ configureΣ iε thσ recommendeΣ ì wa∙ (seσ thσ Installatioε Manual)« Therσ arσ ove≥ 4,000,00░ way≤ ì (conceivably⌐á tha⌠ onσ ma∙ configurσ ß ZCPR▓ systeφ fo≥ hi≤á owε ì uses¼ and¼ a≤ ß genera∞ rule¼ thσ feature≤ describeΣ belo≈ ma∙ bσ ì turneΣ oε o≥ ofµ a≤ thσ systeφ manage≥ desires. 2.1 Directories under ZCPR2 Iε general¼á ZCPR▓ i≤ ablσ t∩ addres≤ u≡ t∩ sixteeεá logica∞ ì disks¼ eacΦ containinτ u≡ t∩ thirty-tw∩ directories« ┴ directoryô ì unde≥ ZCPR▓ i≤ ß use≥ areß oε ß disk¼ anΣ i⌠ i≤ identifieΣ b∙ thσ ì combinatioεá oµá thσ disδ lette≥ anΣ thσ numbe≥ oµ thσ use≥á areß ì (likσ A1░ o≥ B7⌐ o≥ b∙ ß mnemoniπ namσ (likσ JEF╞ o≥ ROOT)«á Thσ ì director∙ i≤ ß logica∞ concept¼á anΣ physically¼á iε keepinτ witΦ ì CP/═ 2.▓ compatability¼ therσ i≤ onl∙ onσ physica∞ filσ director∙ ì (whicΦá keep≤ tracδ oµ al∞ thσ files⌐ oε eacΦá logica∞á disk«á ┴ ì use≥á numbe≥ i≤ ß par⌠ oµ eacΦ entr∙ iε thσ filσá directory¼á anΣ ì thi≤á use≥ numbe≥ associate≤ thσ filσ witΦ thσ use≥ areß oεá disδ ì (directory⌐ whicΦ tha⌠ filσ reside≤ in. Thσ disk/use≥ wa∙ oµ identifyinτ ß director∙ (calleΣ thσá DUô ì forφ froφ herσ on⌐ i≤ standarΣ t∩ thσ ZCPR2-residen⌠ command≤ anΣ ì thσ ZCPR2-specifiπ utilities«á Iε al∞ cases¼ thesσ command≤ wil∞ ì permi⌠ usσ oµ thσ DU║á forφ whereve≥ thσ simple≥ D║ forφ wa≤ useΣ ì unde≥ CP/═ 2.2¼ anΣ eithe≥ thσ ─ o≥ thσ ╒ par⌠ oµ thσ DU║ forφ i≤ ì optional. Hence¼á thσ use≥ caε "sitó iε an∙ director∙ oε an∙ disδá anΣ ì readil∙á worδá witΦá file≤ iε an∙ othe≥ director∙á oεá an∙á disk« ì Likewise¼á wherσá thσá use≥ useΣ t∩ bσ ablσ t∩ prefi° ß CO═á filσ ì witΦ ß disδ lette≥ iε orde≥ t∩ temporaril∙ loτ int∩ anothe≥á disδ ì anΣá extrac⌠ tha⌠ filσ froφ it¼á thσ ZCPR▓ use≥ caε prefi° ßá CO═ ì filσ witΦ ß D╒ form. Finally¼á thσ thirΣ logica∞ extensioε oµ thi≤ D╒ forφ i≤á t∩ ì allo≈á thσ use≥ t∩ emplo∙ i⌠ t∩ "loτ intoó ß directory¼á likσá hσ ì useΣá thσ D║á forφ beforσ t∩ simpl∙ changσ disk≤ anΣ thσ "USE╥ nó ì commanΣ t∩ changσ use≥ areas. Thσá ZCPR▓á promp⌠ change≤ s∩ tha⌠ i⌠ wil∞ alway≤á tel∞á thσ ì use≥á wha⌠ director∙ hσ i≤ loggeΣ into«á ZCPR▓ caε bσ configureΣ ì t∩ displa∙ "d>ó o≥ "d0>ó wheε thσ use≥ i≤ loggeΣ int∩ use≥ areß ░ ì oµ ß particula≥ disδ (notσ "A>ó anΣ "C>ó iε thσ example)«á A≤á ß ì sidσá note¼á becausσ oµ thσ flexibilit∙ oµ thσ D╒ form¼á thσ USE╥ ì commanΣá i≤ n∩ longe≥ necessar∙ anΣ i≤ no⌠ availablσ unde≥á ZCPR▓ ì unles≤ ß programme≥ implement≤ i⌠ a≤ ß transient. è ZCPR▓ i≤ ß replacemen⌠ fo≥ thσ CP/═ 2.▓ CCP¼á bu⌠ i⌠ i≤ onl∙ ì ß par⌠ oµ thσ ZCPR▓ SYSTEM«á Thσ ZCPR▓ Systemô i≤ ß collectioε oµ ì program≤á consistinτá oµ ZCPR▓ itselµ anΣ ß serie≤á oµá utilitie≤ ì designeΣá t∩á augmen⌠ thσ capabilitie≤ oµ ZCPR2«á Al∞á oµá thesσ ì utilitie≤á responΣá t∩ thσ ZCPR▓ D╒ form¼á jus⌠ likσá thσá ZCPR2-ì residen⌠ commands¼á whilσ thσ conventiona∞ CP/═ utilitie≤ d∩ not« Thesσá ZCPR▓ utilities¼á however¼á suppor⌠ ß seconΣ forφá oµ ì director∙á specificatioεá a≤ wel∞ a≤ thσ D╒ form«á Thi≤á i≤á thσ ì nameΣ director∙ specification¼á calleΣ thσ DI╥ forφ froφ no≈á on« ì Thσ DI╥ forφ i≤ ß logica∞ associatioε betweeε ß mnemoniπ namσ anΣ ì ß disk/use≥ area« Fo≥ example¼ thσ director∙ namσ oµ ROO╘ ma∙ bσ ì assigneΣá t∩ meaε A0¼á JEF╞ t∩ meaε C4¼á BACKU╨ t∩ meaε C0¼á etc« ì Al∞ oµ thσ ZCPR▓ utilitie≤ (b∙ anΣ large⌐ recognizσ thi≤ forφá a≤ ì well. Somσ oµ thσ ne≈ ZCPR▓ utilitie≤ arσ designeΣ t∩ specificall∙ ì dea∞á witΦ nameΣ directories«á Thesσ utilitie≤ anΣá thei≥á basiπ ì function≤ are: o CD -- Log Into a Named Directory (like the simple DU: command, but far more is done) o PWD -- Print Working Directory; this command simply lists the names of the directories accessible to the user ∩ MKDI╥ -- Makσ ß Directory╗ creatσ ß ne≈ nameΣ directory or modify an existing one o LD -- Load a Named Directory into the Named Directory Buffer in Memory WitΦ thσ nameΣ director∙ environmen⌠ full∙ implemented¼á thσ ì user'≤á ZCPR▓ systeφ caε bσ configureΣ iε ß numbe≥á oµá differen⌠ ì way≤á beyonΣ eveε thσ 4,000,000½ basiπ way≤ ZCPR▓ caε bσá configì ured«á Iε particular¼á ß director∙ treσ structurσ caε bσ se⌠ up¼ ì simila≥á t∩á thσ UNI╪ concept¼á o≥ ß director∙ mesΦ structurσá i≤ ì als∩á possible«á Fo≥ example¼á thσ followinτ environmen⌠ i≤á onσ ì sucΦ workinτ environmen⌠ whicΦ caε bσ createΣ unde≥ ZCPR2: -- Diagram 2 -- ----------------- ROOT ----------------------- | / \ | ROBERT JEFF LINDA BOSS | / | \ / | | \ | || HARDWORK JA CB JC LA CB LC LD WATCHJ |WATCHL / | | WATCHR GAMES SCHOOL GAMES Sample ZCPR2 Named Directory Structure Notes: ROOT is the base of the system CB and GAMES under JEFF are the same directories as CB and GAMES under LINDA Depending on how the Named Directory files were set up, it would be possible to readily move from any directory to any other directory, or the user could be forced to move along a tree (i.e., you could go to JEFF directly from SCHOOL or be forced to follow the path SCHOOL -> LA -> LINDA -> ROOT -> JEFF in order to get there -- it is up to the person who sets up the Named Directory system) Thσá topiπá oµ NameΣ Directorie≤ i≤ quitσá involved¼á anΣá ß ì wholσ sectioε i≤ devoteΣ t∩ thi≤ later« Thi≤ i≤ jus⌠ aε overvie≈ ì t∩ whe⌠ you≥ appetite¼á s∩ I'l∞ movσ oε t∩ thσ othe≥ feature≤ no≈ ì anΣ g∩ int∩ morσ detai∞ later. 2.2 ZCPR2 Resident Commands Likσ thσ CP/═ 2.▓ CCP¼á ZCPR▓ contain≤ somσ command≤á withiε ì itself«á I⌠ contain≤ al∞ oµ thσ CC╨ command≤ (excep⌠ USER¼ whicΦ ì isn'⌠ needeΣ anymore⌐ anΣ ß fe≈ more¼á bu⌠ al∞ oµ thσ ZCPR▓ resiì den⌠á command≤á arσ differen⌠ witΦ logica∞ extension≤ t∩ thσá CC╨ ì commands«á Wσ havσ alread∙ seeε thσ D╒ form¼á whicΦ caε bσá useΣ ì witΦá an∙á ZCPR▓ residen⌠ command«á Notσ tha⌠ thσ D╒ forφá i≤á ß ì logica∞ extensioε oµ thσ D║ prefi° unde≥ CP/═ 2.2. Again¼á witΦá al∞ oµ thσ possiblσ ZCPR▓ configurations¼á thσ ì followinτ discussioε applie≤ t∩ thσ recommendeΣ configuration. Thσá followinτ i≤ ß comparisoε oµ thσ variou≤ residen⌠á comì manΣ form≤ unde≥ thσ CP/═ 2.▓ CC╨ anΣ ZCPR2: Comparison of ZCPR2 and CP/M 2.2 CCP Functioε ZCPR▓ CommanΣ CC╨ Command Display $DIR File Names DIR DU:afn DIR D:afn Display $SYS File Names DIR DU:afn S No Equivalent Display All File Names DIR DU:afn A No Equivalent Erase Specified Files ERA DU:afn ERA D:afn Erase with Verify ERA DU:afn V No Equivalent Renamσ Filσ RE╬ DU:ufn=ufn▓ RE╬ DU:ufn=ufn2 Rename Over Existing File REN DU:ufn=ufn2 No Equivalent Print File on Console TYPE DU:ufn P TYPE D:ufn Without Paging Print File on Console TYPE DU:ufn No Equivalent With Paging Print File on Printer LIST DU:ufn No Equivalent Save Memory into File SAVE n DU:ufn SAVE n D:ufn Save Memory into File SAVE n DU:ufn No Equivalent With Overwrite Warning Save Memory into File SAVE nH DU:ufn No Equivalent and Specify Size in Hex Save Memory into File SAVE n DU:ufn S No Equivalent and Specify Number of or Blocks SAVE nH DU:ufn S Load File Anywhere Into GET adr DU:ufn No Equivalent Memory Reexecute Last Transient GO params No Equivalent Without Reloading It Call Subroutine Anywhere in JUMP adr No Equivalent Memory Change Disk D: D: Change User U: USER n Change Disk and User at DU: No Equivalent Same Time 2.3 ZCPR2 Standard Transient Commands Al∞á oµ thσ CP/M-supplieΣ transien⌠ command≤ wil∞ worδá witΦ ì ZCPR2¼ anΣ ZCPR▓ supplie≤ severa∞ additiona∞ ZCPR2-specifiπ tranì sients¼ a≤ indicateΣ iε thσ followinτ tables: Standard CP/M 2.2 Transients under ZCPR2 Program Function Functional Changes ASM Intel 8080 Assembler No Change DDT Debugger No Change DUMP File Dump No Change ED Character-Oriented Text Editor No Change LOAD HEX-to-COM File Converter No Change MOVCP═ Reconfigurσ CP/═ fo≥ Differen⌠ Wil∞ Onl∙ Affec⌠ Memory Size BDOS -- ZCPR2 Mus⌠ Bσ Reassembled PIP File and Peripheral Transfer No Change STAT Statistics display, etc No Change SUBMIT Batch Command Processor No Change SYSGEN Get/Put System Image on Disk No Change Standard ZCPR2 Transients Program Function CD Log Into Named Directory with Extended Preprocessing COMPARE Utility to Compare Two Files CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Utility DIFF Utility to List File Differences DU2 Disk Utility, based on DU ECHO Utility to Echo Its Command Line ERASE File Erase Utility FINDBAD Bad Block Scanner, based on FINDBD GENINS Utility to Install Itself and Other Utilities HELP Online Documentation System LD Load Named Directory Buffer LU/LRUNZ Command Library Utility and Extended Command Processor MCHECK Menu File Syntax Checker MCOPY File Copy Utility which can replace PIP in many cases MENU Extended Command PreProcessor designed to create menus MKDIR Create Named Directory File PATH Define/Display ZCPR2 Paths PROTECT Utility to Set File Attributes PWD Print Current Named Directory Environment RENAME File Rename Utility STARTUP Initial Command Line Generator SUB2 Extended SUBMIT Indirect Command File Facility XDIR Directory Display and Scan Utility ZEX Memory-Based Indirect Command File Facility and Monitor Extended I/O Configuration Programs Program Function CONFIG TVI-950 CRT Configurator Program DEVICE Mnemonic-based I/O Redirection Utility IOLOADER Extended I/O System Loader TINIT TVI-950 CRT Programmer Al∞á oµ thσ ZCPR2-specifiπ command≤ arσ describeΣ iεá detai∞ ì iε thσ User'≤ Guide¼ a≤ wel∞ a≤ thσ ZCPR2-residen⌠ commands. 2.4 Multiple Command Lines Onσ majo≥ featurσ oµ ZCPR▓ whicΦ ╔ wil∞ mentioε herσ briefl∙ ì i≤ thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Line«á Unlikσ CP/═ 2.2¼ ZCPR▓ wil∞ allo≈ ì yo⌡ t∩ specif∙ ß sequencσ oµ command≤ t∩ bσ executeΣ oε onσ line« ì Unde≥ thσ recommendeΣ configuration¼ eacΦ commanΣ i≤ separateΣ b∙ ì ß semicolon« Fo≥ example: A>B:;DIR A7:*.TXT;DIR C22:*.COM A;C7:;ERA *.COM;DIR i≤ ß valiΣ commanΣ linσ t∩ ZCPR2« WitΦ thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ ì featurσá enabled¼á no⌠ onl∙ caε thσ use≥ issuσ morσ thaε onσ comì manΣá oεá ß line¼á bu⌠ program≤ caε usσ thi≤á facilit∙á t∩á issuσ ì command≤ a≤ well¼ thereb∙ chaininτ t∩ eacΦ othe≥ viß ZCPR2. 2.5 Paths Command processing under CP/M 2.2 is really quite simple: 1) Inpu⌠ anΣ Parsσ CommanΣ Linσ froφ Use≥ o≥ File 2) Determinσ iµ i⌠ i≤ ß CCP-residen⌠ commanΣ anΣ ruε i⌠ ì áááááááááááááiµ so 3) Determinσ iµ therσ i≤ ß CO═ filσ iε thσ curren⌠ disδ ì áááááááááááááanΣ use≥ areß anΣ loaΣ i⌠ anΣ ruε i⌠ iµ so 4) Print error message if 2 and 3 fail Command processing under ZCPR2, however, is quite different: 1) Input and Parse Command Line from User or File 2) Determinσá iµ i⌠ i≤ ß ZCPR2-residen⌠ commanΣ anΣ ruε ì ááááááááááááái⌠ iµ so 3) SearcΦ alonτ thσ commanΣ searcΦ path¼á logginτá int∩ ì áááááááááááááthσ disk≤ anΣ use≥ area≤ indicateΣ iε thσ patΦ unti∞ ì áááááááááááááeithe≥á thσá bottoφá oµ thσ patΦ i≤ reacheΣá o≥á thσ ì ááááááááááááádesireΣ CO═ filσ i≤ found╗ ruε prograφ iµ found 4) Invokσá aε ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processor¼á passinτá thσ ì áááááááááááááCommanΣ Linσ t∩ it 5) Print error message if 2, 3, and 4 fail A≤ thσ reade≥ caε see¼á thσ concep⌠ oµ ß patΦ i≤ fundamenta∞ ì t∩á ZCPR2«á Iεá thσ ZCPR▓ vernacular¼á ß Pathô i≤ ßá sequencσá oµ ì directorie≤á t∩ bσ searcheΣ fo≥ ß file«á Thσ specificatioε oµá ß ì patΦá i≤á a≤á ß sequencσ oµ D╒ form≤ whicΦ arσá extendeΣá b∙á thσ ì introductioεá oµ thσ "$ó characte≥ t∩ indicatσ ß curren⌠ disδá o≥ ì curren⌠ use≥ area« Example≤ oµ path≤ are: 1) $ñá $░ Añ A░ -- PatΦ Froφ Curren⌠ Disδá anΣá Curren⌠ ì áááááááááááááUse≥á t∩ Curren⌠ Disδ anΣ Use≥ ░ t∩ Disδ ┴ anΣá Curì áááááááááááááren⌠á Use≥á t∩ Disδ ┴ anΣ Use≥ ░ (Curren⌠á Disδá anΣ ì áááááááááááááUse≥á i≤á thσá disδ anΣ use≥ areß tha⌠ thσá use≥á i≤ ì áááááááááááááloggeΣ into) 2) $ñ A░ A2▓ A1┤ B2▓ C1▓ C░ B░ $░ Añ -- ╔ thinδ yo⌡ caε ì áááááááááááááfollo≈ thi≤ path╗á thi≤ i≤ t∩ illustratσ tha⌠ ß patΦ ì ááááááááááááálengtΦ i≤ indefinitσ (usuall∙ u≡ t∩ 1╢á directories¼ ì áááááááááááááwhicΦá i≤ quitσ reasonable⌐ anΣ caε extenΣ int∩ use≥ ì áááááááááááááarea≤ beyonΣ 15¼ whicΦ can'⌠ bσ loggeΣ into Wheε ZCPR▓ searche≤ fo≥ ß file¼ i⌠ follow≤ sucΦ ß path« Tw∩ ì extremel∙ flexiblσ feature≤ abou⌠ thσ ZCPR▓ desigε are: 1) thσ commanΣ searcΦ patΦ ma∙ bσ redefineΣ dynamicall∙ ì áááááááááááááb∙ thσ user 2) severa∞ ZCPR▓ transient≤ usσ path≤ also¼á anΣá thesσ ì ááááááááááááápath≤ ma∙ bσ thσ samσ patΦ useΣ b∙ commanΣ searcΦ o≥ ì áááááááááááááthe∙ ma∙ bσ uniquσ t∩ eacΦ transient 2.6 Overview and Putting the Basic Concepts Together As a practical example, let's consider the following case: 1) I am logged into B1 2) ╔á aφ workinτ oε M8░ assemble≥ languagσ program≤á iε ì áááááááááááááB1¼á anΣ al∞ oµ m∙ M8░ CO═ file≤ (M80.COM¼á L80.COM⌐ ì áááááááááááááarσ iε A1¼á a≤ wel∞ a≤ ß commanΣ filσ t∩ d∩ assembl∙ ì áááááááááááááunde≥á M8░á whicΦ i≤ writteε fo≥ processinτá b∙á ZE╪ ì ááááááááááááá(filσ i≤ M80.ZEX) 3) Al∞ oµ m∙ genera∞ utilities¼ sucΦ a≤ XDI╥ anΣ ERASE¼ ì áááááááááááááarσ iε A0 4) My path is $$ $0 A$ A0 Stud∙ thσ followinτ termina∞ session«á Comment≤ arσ denoteΣ ì ou⌠ t∩ thσ sidσ witΦ "<--"¼á anΣ thi≤ sessioε ha≤ beeε editeΣ fo≥ ì clarity and to remove extraneous details. B1>xdir a: <-- Directory of all files on A1 (working base) XDIR III, Version 1.3 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: A User: 1, File Attributes: Non-System Filename.Typ Size K Filename.Typ Size K Filename.Typ Size K -------- --- ------ -------- --- ------ -------- --- ------ ASM .CFG 4 SYSLIB2 .HLP 4 WM .HLP 4 ASM2 .COM 8 SYSLIB3 .HLP 8 SYSLIB .REL 16 L80 .COM 12 SYSLIB4 .HLP 8 ASM2 .SUB 4 L80OLD .COM 12 SYSLIB5 .HLP 8 M80 .SUB 4 LIB .COM 8 SYSLIB6 .HLP 4 M80-2 .SUB 4 LOAD .COM 4 SYSLIB7 .HLP 8 MAC .SUB 4 M80 .COM 20 SYSLIB8 .HLP 8 RELS .UTL 4 M80OLD .COM 20 SYSLIB9 .HLP 8 ASM2 .ZEX 4 MAC .COM 12 SYSLIBA .HLP 8 M80 .ZEX 4 FNAMES .DIR 4 SYSLIBB .HLP 8 M80-2 .ZEX 4 SYSLIB .HLP 16 SYSLIBC .HLP 12 MAC .ZEX 4 SYSLIB1 .HLP 16 34 Files Occupying 276K, 241 Files on Disk and 2148K Free B1>xdir a0:*.com aa <-- dir of all COM files on A0, the root XDIR III, Version 1.3 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: A User: 0, File Attributes: Non-System System Filename.Typ Size K Filename.Typ Size K Filename.Typ Size K -------- --- ------ -------- --- ------ -------- --- ------ BAD .COM 28 DISPLAY .COM 4 LRUNZ .COM 4 BANNER .COM 4 DUTIL .COM 12 LU .COM 20 BOOTHD .COM 4 ECHO .COM 4 MBASIC .COM 24 CALC .COM 4 ED .COM 8 MCHECK .COM 8 CALENDAR.COM 16 ERASE .COM 8 MCOPY .COM 12 CCPLOC .COM 4 FINDBAD .COM 4 MEMTEST .COM 4 CD .COM 4 FORMAT2 .COM 4 MENU .COM 4 CHDIR .COM 16 FORMATHD.COM 8 NAMEDISK.COM 4 COMPARE .COM 8 GENINS .COM 12 PATH .COM 12 CONFIG .COM 20 GETSYS .COM 12 PIP .COM 8 CRC .COM 8 HDSYSGEN.COM 4 PRINT .COM 8 DASM .COM 12 HELP .COM 4 PROTECT .COM 8 DDT .COM 8 INUSE .COM 4 PWD .COM 8 DEVICE .COM 12 IOLOADER.COM 4 REGEN .COM 4 DIFF .COM 8 LD .COM 8 RENAME .COM 8 Screen Break -- Type any character to continue XDIR III, Version 1.3 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: A User: 0, File Attributes: Non-System System Filename.Typ Size K Filename.Typ Size K Filename.Typ Size K -------- --- ------ -------- --- ------ -------- --- ------ SCRAMBLE.COM 4 TERM .COM 24 WM .COM 12 SD .COM 4 TIME .COM 8 XDIR .COM 12 SGEN .COM 4 TINIT .COM 8 ZDT .COM 8 SQ .COM 16 TYPESQ .COM 12 ZEX .COM 8 STARTUP .COM 8 UNLOAD .COM 4 ZRUN .COM 4 STAT .COM 8 USQ .COM 12 ZSID .COM 12 SUB .COM 4 64 Files Occupying 564K, 241 Files on Disk and 2148K Free <-- Note║ M∙ PatΦ i≤ $ñ $░ Añ A0¼ or¼ specifically¼ B1¼ B0¼ A1, A0 B1>ed demo.mac <-- Use ED to create simple program <-- For this to run, ZCPR2 searched B1, B0, <-- A1, and A0 for ED.COM, finding it on A0 <-- and ED placed DEMO.MAC on B1 NEW FILE : *i 1: ext padc ;print A as decimal chars 2: ext print ;print string at return adr 3: 4: mvi b,10 ;set loop counter 5: mvi c,0 ;set display value 6: loop: 7: inr c ;add 1 8: call print 9: db 0dh,0ah,'This is line ',0 10: mov a,c ;get line number 11: call padc ;print as decimal 12: dcr b ;count down 13: jnz loop 14: ret ;return to OS 15: 16: end 17: : *e B1>dir <-- Display Local Files DEMO .BAK | DEMO .MAC B1>dir a:*.zex <-- Display ZEX Command Files on A1 M80 .ZEX | ASM2 .ZEX | M80-2 .ZEX | MAC .ZEX B1>type a:m80.zex <-- Look at my M80 Command File ; M80.SUB -- MACRO-80 Assembler and Linker M80 =$1 ; Please Type $^C if Error(s) Exist - ^? ERA $1.BAK ERA $1.COM L80 /P:100,$1,A:SYSLIB/S,$1/N,/U,/E ERA $1.REL ; Assembly Complete B1>time;zex m80 demo;time <-- Run Command File with Timing <-- Data; Note Multiple Commands TIME Version 1.1 2:03:26 AM on Sunday December 19, 1982 <-- TIME was found on A0 ZEX, Version 1.1 <-- ZEX was found on A0, but then (ZEX Active) <-- ZEX searched the path and <-- found M80.ZEX on A1 and <-- processed it B1>; M80.SUB -- MACRO-80 Assembler and Linker B1>M80 =DEMO No Fatal error(s) (ZEX Active) B1>; Please Type ^C if Error(s) Exist - B1>ERA DEMO.BAK DEMO .BAK B1>ERA DEMO.COM No File B1>L80 /P:100,DEMO,A:SYSLIB/S,DEMO/N,/U,/E Link-80 3.44 09-Dec-81 Copyright (c) 1981 Microsoft Data 0100 0210 < 272> 35838 Bytes Free Data 0100 0210 < 272> 35838 Bytes Free [0000 0210 2] (ZEX Active) B1>ERA DEMO.REL DEMO .REL B1>; Assembly Complete B1>TIME TIME Version 1.1 2:04:25 AM on Sunday December 19, 1982 B1> (ZEX Completed) By Your Command >demo <-- Now I run my program This is line 1 This is line 2 This is line 3 This is line 4 This is line 5 This is line 6 This is line 7 This is line 8 This is line 9 This is line 10 B1> 3.0 ZCPR2 Directories and Files A≤á mentioneΣá earlier¼á ß directory¼á iε thσ vernacula≥á oµ ì ZCPR2¼á i≤á ß logica∞ areß oε ß disδ whicΦ i≤ designateΣ b∙ ßá D╒ ì form«á ┴ disδ ma∙ havσ u≡ t∩ 3▓ directories¼á numbereΣ ░ t∩á 31¼ ì but¼á iεá orde≥ t∩ maintaiε CP/═ 2.▓ compatability¼á thσ use≥ ma∙ ì loτ int∩ onl∙ 1╢ oµ theφ (░ t∩ 15)« Thσ othe≥ 1╢ directorie≤ (1╢ ì t∩ 31⌐ ma∙ bσ useΣ t∩ onl∙ storσ files« Seσ thσ Rationalσ manua∞ ì fo≥ aε explanatioε a≤ t∩ wh∙ ╔ diΣ no⌠ choosσ t∩ changσ thi≤á anΣ ì allo≈ thσ use≥ t∩ loτ int∩ al∞ 3▓ directories. Wheε ß use≥ i≤ "loggeΣ intoó ß directory¼ hi≤ environmen⌠ i≤ ì configureΣ (unde≥ ZCPR▓ anΣ thσ BDOS⌐ s∩ tha⌠ wheneve≥ hσ create≤ ì ß ne≈ filσ (assuminτ hσ doesn'⌠ specif∙ ß directory)¼á i⌠ wil∞ bσ ì placeΣá iεá thσ director∙ hσ i≤ currentl∙ loggeΣ into«á SucΦá aε ì environmen⌠ allow≤ thσ use≥ t∩ kee≡ thσ file≤ hσ i≤ interesteΣ iε ì a⌠á thσá particula≥ timσ iε ß director∙ separatσ froφá thσá othe≥ ì file≤á oε thσ disk«á Iε thi≤ way¼á thσ use≥ neeΣ no⌠á alway≤á bσ ì workinτ arounΣ al∞ thσ othe≥ file≤ oε hi≤ disk. EacΦ filσ iε ß director∙ ha≤ tw∩ basiπ attribute≤ associateΣ ì witΦ it║á it≤ SYSTE═ attributσ anΣ it≤ READ/ONL┘ attribute«á Iµ ì thσá SYSTE═ attributσ i≤ Se⌠ (i.e.¼á i⌠ i≤ declareΣ t∩ bσ ßá $SY╙ ì file)¼á theεá i⌠ become≤ hiddeε froφ norma∞ viewinτ b∙ thσá user« ì Thσ DI╥ command¼á fo≥ instance¼á wil∞ no⌠ displa∙ i⌠ unles≤ thσ ╙ ì (SYSTEM⌐ o≥ ┴ (ALL⌐ option≤ arσ specified«á Iµ thσ SYSTE═ attriì butσ i≤ Clea≥ (i.e.¼á i⌠ i≤ declareΣ t∩ be ß $DI╥ file)¼á theε i⌠ ì i≤á normall∙ alway≤ displayeΣ t∩ thσ use≥ withou⌠ hiφá specifyinτ ì an∙ option≤ t∩ thσ commands. Thσá READ/ONL┘á attributσ declare≤ thσ filσ t∩ bσá protecteΣ ì froφ beinτ writteε ove≥ o≥ deleteΣ iµ thi≤ attributσ i≤ Set« Yo⌡ ì ma∙ onl∙ reaΣ froφ sucΦ ß filσ iµ thi≤ attributσ i≤ Set« Severa∞ ì oµ thσ ZCPR▓ utilities¼á specificall∙ ERASE¼á havσ option≤ t∩á g∩ ì aheaΣá anΣ perforφ thei≥ function≤ oε Read/Onl∙ file≤ iε spitσ oµ ì thei≥ attributσ settings. Thσ PROTEC╘ utilit∙ i≤ useΣ t∩ se⌠ thσ SYSTE═ anΣá READ/ONL┘ ì attribute≤á oµá files¼áá a≤á wel∞á a≤á severa∞á others«á Wσá arσ ì maintaininτ ful∞ CP/═ 2.▓ compatabilit∙ here¼ anΣ u≡ t∩ eigh⌠ TA╟ ì bits and an ARCHIVE bit may be set also. ╔ havσ discusseΣ thσ D╒ forφ t∩ somσ exten⌠ earlie≥ anΣ wil∞ ì no⌠á g∩á int∩ aε extendeΣ discussioε oµ i⌠ here«á I⌠á i≤á reall∙ ì rathe≥ straight-forward«á EacΦ director∙ i≤ indicateΣ b∙ ßá disδ ì anΣá use≥ area¼á s∩ thσ D╒ forφ give≤ exactl∙ thi≤ specification« ì The ZCPR2-resident commands support this form extensively: A>DIR C7: A>ERA B22:MYFILE.TXT V A>TYPE A31:TEMP.TXT A>REN C12:FILE.TXT=FILE1.TXT A>LIST A31:TEMP.TXT A>DIR B4: A è Iε addition¼ yo⌡ ma∙ usσ thσ D╒ forφ t∩ loτ int∩ ß differen⌠ ì disδá anΣ sta∙ iε thσ samσ use≥ area¼á ß differen⌠ use≥ areßá anΣ ì sta∙á oε thσ samσ disk¼á o≥ ß differen⌠ use≥ areß oε ßá differen⌠ ì disk: A>B7: B7>12: B12>A: A12>B15: B15>B0: B>A: A> I⌠á shoulΣá als∩ bσ noteΣ tha⌠ mos⌠á oµá thσá ZCPR2-supplieΣ ì utilities have been programmed to recognize the DU form as well: A>XDIR B7: A>ERASE B4:*.TXT,C2:*.* A>CRC 4:*.*,5:*.* A>PROTECT B:*.* RS Iεá additioεá t∩á thσ D╒ form¼á mos⌠ oµá thσá ZCPR2-supplieΣ ì utilitie≤á caεá dea∞ witΦ ß director∙ specificatioεá iεá whicΦá ß ì mnemoniπ namσ ha≤ beeε defineΣ fo≥ ß directory« SucΦ ß director∙ ì forφá i≤á calleΣ thσ DI╥ forφ o≥ thσ NameΣ Directoryô forφ iεá thσ ì ZCPR▓á vernacular«á NameΣá directorie≤ arσ no⌠á knowεá b∙á ZCPR▓ ì itselµá bu⌠ onl∙ b∙ ZCPR▓ utilitie≤ iε thσ ZCPR▓á System«á Therσ ì arσá fou≥á utilitie≤á specificall∙ designeΣ t∩á dea∞á witΦá nameΣ ì directories: MKDIR -- Create and Edit Named Directories LD -- Load a Named Directory File into a Named Directory Memory Buffer CD -- Change Directory into a Named Directory (like the DU: command, but more extensive) PWD -- Print Working Directory NameΣá Directorie≤á arσ defineΣ iε ß filσ calleΣá NAMES.DIR« ì Wheεá ß utility¼á sucΦ a≤ XDIR¼á i≤ giveε ß commanΣá involvinτá ß ì NameΣá Directory¼á i⌠ perform≤ ß searcΦ alonτ thσ commanΣá searcΦ ì patΦ fo≥ ß filσ nameΣ NAMES.DIR«á A≤ sooε a≤ onσ i≤ found¼ i⌠ i≤ ì loadeΣá anΣ scanneΣ fo≥ ß match«á Iµ ß matchinτ entr∙ i≤á found¼ ì thσá associateΣá informatioε i≤ extracteΣ (D╒ informatioε i≤á no≈ ì available)¼á anΣá thσ utilit∙ work≤ witΦ thσ D╒ informatioεá froφ ì theε on. Thσ NAMES.DI╥ filσ i≤ structureΣ a≤ ß filσ containinτ 6┤ 11-ì bytσ records¼ eacΦ recorΣ containinτ thσ followinτ information: Byte 0: Disk Letter (A-P) Byte 1: User Number Bytes 2-10: Directory Name (up to 8 chars terminated by a binary zero) Thσ empt∙ entr∙ i≤ onσ whosσ Bytσ ▓ i≤ ß binar∙ ░ (n∩ name)« ì Empt∙á entrie≤á ma∙ bσ intersperseΣ witΦá non-empt∙á entries¼á s∩ ì don'⌠á assumσ tha⌠ thσ enΣ oµ thσ director∙ i≤ reacheΣá wheεá thσ ì firs⌠ empt∙ entr∙ i≤ found. Thσá stor∙ giveε abovσ fo≥ wha⌠ happen≤ i≤ no⌠ exactl∙á truσ ì iε al∞ ZCPR▓ systems« Iε thσ interes⌠ oµ speeΣ anΣ efficiency¼ ß ì NameΣá Director∙ Buffe≥ ma∙ bσ defineΣ t∩ thσ utilitie≤ employinτ ì thσá capabilitie≤ oµ dealinτ witΦ NameΣ Directories«á Wheεá thi≤ ì buffe≥á facilit∙ i≤ enabled¼á thσ utilit∙ perform≤ thσá followinτ ì operation≤ wheε ß Director∙ Namσ i≤ giveε t∩ it: o Checδá t∩á seσ iµ i⌠ i≤ ß D╒ forφ (disδá lette≥á iεá thσ ì áááárangσá oµá ┴ t∩ d¼á wherσ Σ i≤ defineΣ t∩á thσá utility¼ ì ááááfolloweΣ b∙ ß use≥ numbe≥ iε thσ rangσ oµ ░ t∩ u¼á wherσ ì áááá⌡ i≤ als∩ defineΣ t∩ thσ utility)« Iµ thi≤ i≤ thσ case¼ ì ááááassumσ thσ forφ t∩ bσ D╒ anΣ g∩ witΦ it. o Iµ wσ arσ no⌠ dealinτ witΦ ß D╒ form¼ assumσ i⌠ i≤ ß DI╥ ì ááááform«á Iε thi≤ case¼ scaε thσ memory-baseΣ NameΣ Direcì áááátor∙ Buffe≥ fo≥ ß match« Iµ onσ i≤ found¼ g∩ witΦ it. oáIµá therσá i≤ n∩ memory-baseΣ NameΣ Director∙ Buffe≥á o≥ ì áááátherσ wa≤ n∩ matcΦ iε saiΣ buffer¼ theε searcΦ alonτ thσ ì áááácommanΣ searcΦ patΦ fo≥ thσ NAMES.DI╥ file«á Iµá found¼ ì ááááloaΣá i⌠ anΣ scaε i⌠ fo≥ thσ indicateΣ name«á Iµ onσ i≤ ì ááááfound¼ g∩ witΦ it. o Iµ thσ NAMES.DI╥ filσ i≤ no⌠ founΣ o≥ iµ i⌠ i≤ founΣ anΣ ì áááátherσá i≤ n∩ matcΦ amonτ it≤ entries¼á issuσá aεá approì áááápriatσ erro≥ messagσ anΣ abort. Thσá L─á commanΣ i≤ useΣ t∩ LoaΣ ß Director∙ filσá int∩á thσ ì NameΣ Director∙ buffer«á I⌠ i≤ iε thi≤ wa∙ tha⌠ thσ content≤á oµ ì thσ NameΣ Director∙ buffe≥ arσ defined«á MKDI╥ i≤ useΣ t∩ creatσ ì ßá filσ defininτ ß grou≡ oµ nameΣ directories¼á anΣ L─ i≤ useΣ t∩ ì loaΣá thi≤ filσ int∩ memory«á Thσ onl∙ operatinτ systeφá suppor⌠ ì requireΣ fo≥ thi≤ featurσ i≤ fo≥ thσ BIO╙ t∩ initializσ thσ NameΣ ì Director∙ Buffe≥ oε ColΣ Boot«á Thσ BIO╙ doe≤ thi≤ b∙ storinτ aε ì entr∙á coun⌠á a≤ thσ firs⌠ bytσ oµ thσ buffe≥ (thi≤á entr∙á coun⌠ ì tell≤ L─ ho≈ man∙ entrie≤ ma∙ bσ storeΣ iε thσ buffer)¼á anΣ theε ì fou≥á zeroe≤ a≤ thσ nex⌠ fou≥ byte≤ oµ thi≤á buffer«á Thσá firs⌠ ì zer∩á indicate≤ tha⌠ therσ arσ n∩ entrie≤ presen⌠ iε thσá buffer¼ ì anΣá thσá nex⌠á threσ zeroe≤ definσ aε empt∙ entr∙ a≤á thσá firs⌠ ì entry«áá Thσá NameΣá Director∙á Buffe≥á i≤á structureΣá slightl∙ ì differently than the NAMES.DIR file: è Header Bytes -- Byte 0: Number of Entries Allowed in the Named Directories Buffer Byte 1: Number of Entries Currently Stored in the Named Directories Buffer Entry Bytes -- Byte 0: Disk Number (0 to 15, Disk A = 0) Byte 1: User Number (0 to 31) Bytes 2-9: Directory Name (8 bytes, Byte 2=0 if none) Thi≤á interna∞á structura∞ informatioε i≤ giveεá mainl∙á fo≥ ì you≥ reference¼á anΣ yo⌡ d∩ no⌠ neeΣ t∩ kno≈ thi≤ detai∞ iε orde≥ ì t∩ makσ usσ oµ thσ system«á Essentially¼ oncσ thσ systeφ anΣ it≤ ì utilitie≤á arσ properl∙ installed¼á thσ procedurσ fo≥á usinτá thσ ì Named Directory facilities is: (1⌐ usσ L─ t∩ loaΣ thσ NameΣ Director∙ Buffer (2⌐ usσ MKDI╥ t∩ creatσ NameΣ Director∙ Files (3) use the utilities and Named Directories at will Tw∩á morσ commands¼á beside≤ MKDI╥ anΣ LD¼á arσ availablσ t∩ ì hel≡ thσ use≥ dea∞ witΦ nameΣ directorie≤ specifically« The∙ arσ ì PW─ (Prin⌠ Workinτ Directory⌐ anΣ C─ (Changσ Directory). Thσá PW─ commanΣ i≤ useΣ t∩ prin⌠ ou⌠ thσ name≤ oµ thσá dirì ectorie≤ baseΣ oε hi≤ commanΣ searcΦ path«á I⌠ wil∞ firs⌠á prin⌠ ì ou⌠ thσ content≤ oµ thσ NameΣ Director∙ Buffe≥ iµ onσ exists¼ anΣ ì i⌠á wil∞ theε prin⌠ ou⌠ thσ content≤ oµ thσ firs⌠ NAMES.DI╥á filσ ì i⌠ encounter≤ alonτ thσ user'≤ commanΣ searcΦ path. C─ i≤ useΣ t∩ loτ int∩ ß NameΣ Directory¼á iε lie⌡ oµ thσ D╒ ì form« Wha⌠ C─ buy≤ thσ use≥ i≤ tw∩ things: (1⌐ Iε ß securσ environment¼ thσ D╒ forφ ma∙ bσ disablì eΣ anΣ onl∙ C─ madσ availablσ t∩ thσ user«á Thσ use≥ MUS╘ usσ C─ ì t∩ loτ int∩ ß differen⌠ directory¼á and¼á eacΦ timσ C─ i≤ run¼ i⌠ ì check≤ t∩ seσ iµ thσ director∙ thσ use≥ i≤ tryinτ t∩ loτ int∩á i≤ ì ß "Systeφ Directoryó anΣ ask≤ thσ use≥ fo≥ ß passworΣ iµ i⌠ is. (2⌐ Wheε C─ log≤ ß use≥ int∩ ß directory¼á i⌠ look≤ fo≥ ì ß filσ nameΣ ST.COM«á Iµ i⌠ find≤ one¼ i⌠ chain≤ t∩ it« S╘ i≤ ß ì versioε oµ thσ STARTU╨ commanΣ whicΦ i≤ configureΣ t∩ perforφ onσ ì o≥á morσá initia∞á command≤ oncσ ß director∙ i≤á entereΣá b∙á CD« ì Thesσá command≤ can¼á amonτ othe≥ things¼á completel∙ reconfigurσ ì thσ user'≤ environment¼á givinτ hiφ ß totall∙ differen⌠á environì men⌠á froφ thσ onσ hσ jus⌠ left«á Candidate≤ fo≥ command≤ t∩á bσ ì executeΣ b∙ C─ include: o IOLOADER -- load a new I/O system o MENU -- enter a menu system o PATH -- define a new command search path o ZEX -- run a command file è Securσá environment≤ wil∞ bσ discusseΣ iε thei≥ owεá sectioε ì later¼á bu⌠ onσ additiona∞ featurσ t∩ mentioε herσ i≤ tha⌠ PW─ i≤ ì awarσ oµ Systeφ Directories¼á and¼ wheneve≥ i⌠ runs¼ i⌠ check≤ t∩ ì seσá iµá i⌠ i≤ runninτ froφ ß Systeφ Directory«á Iµá i⌠á is¼á i⌠ ì display≤á al∞ knowε directorie≤ t∩ thσ user«á Iµ i⌠ i≤á not¼á i⌠ ì display≤ onl∙ thσ non-Systeφ directorie≤ t∩ thσ user. ┴ Systeφ Directoryô iε thσ ZCPR▓ vernacula≥ i≤ onσ whosσ use≥ ì numbe≥ i≤ abovσ 1░ (defaul⌠ recommendeΣ value)« An∙ sucΦ directì or∙á i≤á declareΣá t∩ bσ ß Systeφ Directory¼á anΣ ßá passworΣá i≤ ì requireΣá t∩ ente≥ i⌠ wheε thσ C─ commanΣ i≤ used«á A≤ witΦá an∙ ì NameΣá Directory¼á Systeφ Directorie≤ arσ no⌠ knowε t∩ ZCPR▓á itì self¼ s∩ iµ thσ D╒ forφ oµ ZCPR▓ i≤ enabled¼ i⌠ wil∞ ignorσ thesσ ì restriction≤á anΣá movσ thσ use≥ righ⌠ int∩á ßá Systeφá Director∙ ì withou⌠ qualms. ╔á thinδá i⌠ i≤ timσ fo≥ anothe≥ termina∞ sessioε t∩á illusì tratσ thσ point≤ covereΣ s∩ far« Hence¼ pleasσ stud∙ thσ followì ing terminal session: B1>; B1>; When my ZCPR2 system cold boots, it always runs the command B1>; STARTUP -- notice what STARTUP does: B1>startup s STARTUP, Version 1.1 STARTUP Setup Command (?=Help)? ? Setup Mode Commands are -- A -- Define Address of Multiple Command Buffer C -- Define STARTUP Multiple Command Line D -- Display STARTUP Values S -- Define Size of Multiple Command Buffer X -- Exit and Optionally Rewrite STARTUP STARTUP Setup Command (?=Help)? D **** STARTUP Settings **** Multiple Command Buffer Address -- FF00H Size of Multiple Command Buffer -- 200 Bytes Multiple Command Line -- --->ioloader;ld ld;tinit;echo welcome to zcpr ii **** STARTUP Settings **** STARTUP Setup Command (?=Help)? X Do you wish to update STARTUP (Y/N/<CR>=Y)? N B1>; B1>; As the reader can see, it uses the ZCPR2 Multiple Command B1>; Line Buffer facility to store an initial command line which B1>; runs the following commands: B1>; IOLOADER -- loads I/O system B1>; LD LD -- loads the named directory LD.DIR into the B1>; memory-based Named Directory Buffer B1>; TINIT -- programs my TVI 950 CRT terminal (function B1>; keys, status line, etc) B1>; ECHO -- prints the message "WELCOME ..." on my CRT B1>; èB1>; B1>; Before proceeding, let's look at my command search path B1>; B1>path PATH Version 2.2 Current Symbolic Path -- $$: --> $0: --> A$: --> A0: Current Absolute Path -- B1: --> B0: --> A1: --> A0: Current Named Path -- ASM: --> DEV-ROOT: --> R-ASM: --> ROOT: B1> B1>; B1>; This is the path along which CD, PWD, LD, and many other B1>; utilities search for the NAMES.DIR file. As I am B1>; currently set up, I have only one NAMES.DIR file, and B1>; it is located at A0. B1>; B1> B1>; B1>; Now let's see what directories are available to us: B1>; B1>pwd PWD, Version 1.0 ** Directory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 12 Directory Entries Total ( 2 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: ROOT B -- 0: BROOT 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP Strike Any Key to Continue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 20 Directory Entries Total ( 2 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: ROOT 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE B -- 0: DEV-ROOT 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP ** Current Directory ** B 1: ASM B1>; B1>; As the reader can see, I have several more directories B1>; defined in NAMES.DIR than in the memory buffer. I have B1>; chosen to define only my more frequently used directories B1>; in the memory buffer. B1>; Also note that two directories are hidden in each case. B1>; These are System Directories. B1>; B1>; Let's move around a little via CD to show you how it works: B1>; B1>cd root CD, Version 2.1 A>; A>; Since Root was found in memory, CD ran slightly faster A>; than if it had to do a NAMES.DIR search: A>; A>cd r-asm: CD, Version 2.2 A1>cd ws: CD, Version 2.2 B7>cd zcpr CD, Version 2.2 Access Password? ** Access Granted ** A11>; A11>; Note that in this last example, I moved into a System A11>; Directory which was hidden in the previous PWD display. A11>; Now it is not: A11>; A11>pwd PWD, Version 1.0 ** Directory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 12 Directory Entries Total ( 0 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: ROOT 10: SYS 11: ZCPR B -- 0: BROOT 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP Strike Any Key to Continue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 20 Directory Entries Total ( 0 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: ROOT 1: R-ASM 2: R-BDSC 3: R-PAS 5: R-BASIC 7: R-WS 8: R-CAT 9: R-DBASE 10: SYS 11: ZCPR B -- 0: DEV-ROOT 1: ASM 2: BDSC 3: PAS 4: SCRATCH 5: BASIC 7: WS 8: CAT 9: DBASE C -- 0: BACKUP ** Current Directory ** A11: ZCPR A11>cd root: CD, Version 2.2 A>; A>; End of Demo A>; Tree≤ arσ implementeΣ relativel∙ easil∙ iε thi≤ environment« ì Sincσá thσá NAMES.DI╥ whicΦ i≤ useΣ t∩ definσ thσ environmen⌠á i≤ ì thσá firs⌠ NAMES.DI╥ encountereΣ alonτ thσ commanΣá searcΦá path¼ ì theεá thi≤á NAMES.DI╥ becomes¼á effectively¼á thσ roo⌠ oµá ßá ne≈ ì subtree«á Commonly-knowε node≤ caε bσ storeΣ iε thσ memory-baseΣ ì NameΣá Director∙ Buffer¼á anΣ thesσ wil∞ alway≤ bσ scanneΣ first« ì Iµá thi≤á scaεá fails¼á thσ curren⌠á root¼á whicΦá i≤á thσá firs⌠ ì NAMES.DI╥ filσ founΣ alonτ thσ commanΣ searcΦ path¼á wil∞ providσ ì thσ director∙ name¼ iµ any. Wholσá ne≈á workinτá environment≤ oε thσ samσá disδá caεá bσ ì createΣá rathe≥á easil∙ unde≥ thσ ZCPR▓á environment¼á especiall∙ ì wheεá C─á i≤ useΣ t∩ movσ arounΣ betweeεá directories«á Thi≤á i≤ ì primaril∙ becausσ C─ alway≤ look≤ fo≥ thσ ST.CO═ filσ iε thσá ne≈ ì director∙á i⌠á i≤ movinτ int∩ anΣ chain≤ t∩ i⌠ iµ onσá i≤á there« ì The new ST.COM, then, can set up the new environment. Fo≥á example¼á imaginσá tha⌠ yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ se⌠ u≡ ß wholσá ne≈ ì workinτ environmen⌠ calleΣ ROBERT«á ROBER╘ wil∞ bσ thσ basσ oµ ß ì subtreσá whicΦ wil∞ havσ thσ directorie≤ oµá GAMES¼á SCHOOL¼á anΣ ì OTHER under it: ROOT / \ others ROBERT / | \ SCHOOL GAMES OTHER Let'≤ arbitraril∙ assigε ROBERT=C7¼ SCHOOL=C8¼ GAMES=C9¼ anΣ ì OTHER=C10«á Iεá orde≥á t∩á implemen⌠ this¼á wσá woulΣá creatσá ß ì NAMES.DI╥ filσ witΦ thesσ entrie≤ iε i⌠ anΣ placσ thi≤á NAMES.DI╥ ì iε ROBER╘ (C7)« Hence¼ thi≤ NAMES.DI╥ become≤ thσ basσ director∙ ì fo≥á ou≥ subtree«á Thσ Memory-BaseΣ NameΣ Director∙ wil∞ contaiε ì thσ Globa∞ Name≤ only¼ fo≥ thi≤ example¼ s∩ let'≤ sa∙ i⌠ contain≤ ì only one entry, and that entry is ROOT=A0. Wσ havσ no≈ defineΣ ou≥ directorie≤ tha⌠ wσ wan⌠ t∩ bσá ablσ ì t∩á ge⌠ t∩ a≤ NAMES.DI╥ unde≥ ROBERT«á Wσ no≈ wan⌠ t∩ se⌠ u≡ thσ ì S╘ interna∞ commanΣ linσ whicΦ wil∞ bσ executeΣ wheε wσ loτá int∩ ì ROBERT. The following command line is all you need: PATH $$ C7 A$ A0 and ST.COM can be created by running the "STARTUP S" command. T∩á illustratσ thσ flexibilit∙ oµ ZCPR▓ eveεá further¼á wheε ì Rober⌠á want≤ t∩ loτ int∩ hi≤ GAME╙ directory¼á hσ ofteε want≤ t∩ ì ruε thσ samσ game≤ ove≥ anΣ over«á T∩ kee≡ lifσ simplσ fo≥á him¼ ì let'≤á se⌠á u≡ anothe≥ ST.CO═ filσ iε hi≤ GAME╙á director∙á whicΦ ì runs MENU when this directory is logged into. Thσ followinτ termina∞ sessioε illustrate≤ thi≤ example║ B4>; B4>; First, I will set up the Named Directory Environments B4>; LD will load the Global Directory, LD.DIR B4>; NAMES.DIR will reside in ROBERT to define the subtree B4>; B4>mkdir MKDIR, Version 1.0 MKDIR Command (? for Help)? ? MKDIR Command Summary A -- Set Address of ZCPR2 External Path D -- Display Currently-Defined Directory Names F -- Set Name of Directory File I -- Initialize MKDIR N -- Create a New Directory Name Q -- Quit without Changing Program on Disk R -- Read in Directory File from Disk S -- Sort Directory by Disk and User Number W -- Write Directory File to Disk X -- Exit and Update Program on Disk MKDIR Command (? for Help)? a External Path Undefined New Path Address (Hex)? 40..... MKDIR Command (? for Help)? f New Directory File? ld.dir...... MKDIR Command (? for Help)? n System User Areas start at 10 Disk Letter and User (RETURN=Done or A-P 0-31, like A10)? a0 Directory Name (RETURN = Delete Old Name)? root.... Disk Letter and User (RETURN=Done or A-P 0-31, like A10)? MKDIR Command (? for Help)? d Directory File is ld.dir External Path Address is 40 Hex Defined Directory Names -- A -- A 0: ROOT 1 Directory Names Displayed 1 Directory Names Defined, Space Left for 63 More Names Current Directory -- Not Defined by Name MKDIR Command (? for Help)? w Writing Directory File ld.dir to Disk ... Done MKDIR Command (? for Help)? i Verify Initialization (Y/N)? y All Directory Names Cleared MKDIR Command (? for Help)? f New Directory File? names.dir... MKDIR Command (? for Help)? n System User Areas start at 10 Disk Letter and User (RETURN=Done or A-P 0-31, like A10)? c7 Directory Name (RETURN = Delete Old Name)? robert.. Disk Letter and User (RETURN=Done or A-P 0-31, like A10)? c8 Directory Name (RETURN = Delete Old Name)? school.. Disk Letter and User (RETURN=Done or A-P 0-31, like A10)? c9 Directory Name (RETURN = Delete Old Name)? games... Disk Letter and User (RETURN=Done or A-P 0-31, like A10)? c10 Directory Name (RETURN = Delete Old Name)? other... Disk Letter and User (RETURN=Done or A-P 0-31, like A10)? MKDIR Command (? for Help)? d Directory File is names.dir External Path Address is 40 Hex Defined Directory Names -- C -- C 7: ROBERT C 8: SCHOOL C 9: GAMES C10: OTHER 4 Directory Names Displayed 4 Directory Names Defined, Space Left for 60 More Names Current Directory -- Not Defined by Name MKDIR Command (? for Help)? w Writing Directory File names.dir to Disk ... Done MKDIR Command (? for Help)? q Verify Abort (Y/N)? y B4>; B4>; We now have the Global and Subtree Directories Defined: B4>; B4>dir LD .DIR | NAMES .DIR B4>mcopy c7:=names.dir MCOPY Version 2.2 Copy B 4: NAMES .DIR to C 7: No Original File NAMES .DIR on Destination ! Copy Complete, Verify Phase -- Verify Complete **** MCOPY Complete **** 1 Files Copied 0 Copy Errors B4>; B4>; The Subtree Directory is now in its root at C7 B4>; B4>ld ld LD Version 1.0 Load Complete B4>; B4>; Global Directory is Now Loaded B4>; B4>cd robert CD, Version 2.2 C7>; C7>; I will now define the new path to be set up when logged C7>; into ROBERT C7>; C7>startup s STARTUP, Version 1.1 STARTUP Setup Command (?=Help)? C Current Multiple Command Buffer Contents is -- ioloader;ld ld;tinit;echo welcome to zcpr ii, version 2.0 New Line? path $$ c7 a$ a0 **** STARTUP Settings **** Multiple Command Buffer Address -- FF00H Size of Multiple Command Buffer -- 200 Bytes Multiple Command Line -- --->path $$ c7 a$ a0 **** STARTUP Settings **** STARTUP Setup Command (?=Help)? X Do you wish to update STARTUP (Y/N/<CR>=Y)? Y STARTUP will write file to current disk/user STARTUP File is STARTUP .COM Enter New File Name or <CR> if OK: st.com STARTUP File is ST .COM Enter New File Name or <CR> if OK: Writing File ST .COM to Disk ... Done C7>dir NAMES .DIR | ST .COM C7>; C7>; We now have ST available to define the new environ C7>; C7> C7>; C7>; I will set up the MENU File for the GAMES directory C7>; C7>cd games CD, Version 2.2 C9>; C9>; I will create an ST.COM in GAMES to run MENU C9>; C9>startup s STARTUP, Version 1.1 STARTUP Setup Command (?=Help)? C Current Multiple Command Buffer Contents is -- ioloader;ld ld;tinit;echo welcome to zcpr ii, version 2.0 New Line? menu **** STARTUP Settings **** Multiple Command Buffer Address -- FF00H Size of Multiple Command Buffer -- 200 Bytes Multiple Command Line -- --->menu **** STARTUP Settings **** STARTUP Setup Command (?=Help)? X Do you wish to update STARTUP (Y/N/<CR>=Y)? Y STARTUP will write file to current disk/user STARTUP File is STARTUP .COM Enter New File Name or <CR> if OK: st.com STARTUP File is ST .COM Enter New File Name or <CR> if OK: Writing File ST .COM to Disk ... Done C9>; C9>; I'll set up a MENU.CPR file to C9>; illustrate what can be done C9>; C9>ed menu.cpr NEW FILE : *i 1: -dx 2: # 3: This is a sample Menu -- I set the Global Menu 4: options to display menu and allow exit to ZCPR2 5: 6: Menu Commands -- 7: X -- Display Directory (XDIR) 8: Z -- Run Any Command Line 9: Q -- Jump Out to ROBERT 10: # 11: x!xdir "Input Options -- 12: z!"Input Command Line -- 13: qcd robert 14: ## 15: : *e C9>dir ST .COM | MENU .BAK | MENU .CPR C9>era *.bak MENU .BAK èC9>; C9>; I will now run MCHECK to perform a syntax check on the C9>; MENU.CPR file C9>; C9>mcheck menu MCHECK Version 1.0 Line Comment/Error Message ---- --------------------- 1 ** Global Options Detected ** 2 ** Menu Number 0 14 ** End of Menu Check ** No Errors Detected C9>; C9>; We are now ready for a full demo -- C9>; Let's play like we are Robert, and he has just come up C9>; (I will start at B4 since the NAMES.DIR defining ROBERT C9>; is there, but he would start at A0) C9>; C9>b4: B4>dir LD .DIR | NAMES .DIR B4>; B4>; On powerup, STARTUP would run LD LD, among others B4>; B4>ld ld LD Version 1.0 Load Complete B4>; B4>; Robert would now log into his directory B4>; B4>cd robert CD, Version 2.2 PATH Version 2.2 Current Symbolic Path -- $$: --> C7: --> A$: --> A0: Current Absolute Path -- C7: --> C7: --> A7: --> A0: Current Named Path -- ROBERT: --> ROBERT: --> Noname: --> Noname: C7>dir NAMES .DIR | ST .COM C7>; C7>; We are now in ROBERT, and can access his world: C7>; C7>pwd PWD, Version 1.0 ** Directory Display ** ** Named Directory Memory-Based Definitions ** 1 Directory Entries Total ( 0 Directories Hidden) -- A -- 0: ROOT Strike Any Key to Continue - ** Named Directory Disk-Based Definitions ** 4 Directory Entries Total ( 1 Directories Hidden) -- C -- 7: ROBERT 8: SCHOOL 9: GAMES ** Current Directory ** C 7: ROBERT C7>; C7>; Like going to SCHOOL -- C7>; C7>cd school CD, Version 2.2 C8>dir No File C8>; C8>; Or going into OTHER (which is a System Directory) C8>; C8>cd other CD, Version 2.2 Access Password? ** Access Granted ** C10>dir No File C10>; C10>; Or playing games -- note that by CDing into GAMES, we C10>; automatically come up in a Menu Environment C10>; C10>cd games CD, Version 2.2 MENU Version 1.1 This is a sample Menu -- I set the Global Menu options to display menu and allow exit to ZCPR2 Menu Commands -- X -- Display Directory (XDIR) Z -- Run Any Command Line Q -- Jump Out to ROBERT Command (<CR>=Menu Disp, ^C=CP/M) - X Input Options -- *.dir................................... èXDIR III, Version 1.3 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: C User: 9, File Attributes: Non-System No files selected MENU Version 1.1 Strike Any Key - This is a sample Menu -- I set the Global Menu options to display menu and allow exit to ZCPR2 Menu Commands -- X -- Display Directory (XDIR) Z -- Run Any Command Line Q -- Jump Out to ROBERT Command (<CR>=Menu Disp, ^C=CP/M) - Z Input Command Line -- dir..................................... ST .COM | MENU .CPR MENU Version 1.1 Strike Any Key - This is a sample Menu -- I set the Global Menu options to display menu and allow exit to ZCPR2 Menu Commands -- X -- Display Directory (XDIR) Z -- Run Any Command Line Q -- Jump Out to ROBERT Command (<CR>=Menu Disp, ^C=CP/M) - Q CD, Version 2.2 PATH Version 2.2 Current Symbolic Path -- $$: --> C7: --> A$: --> A0: Current Absolute Path -- C7: --> C7: --> A7: --> A0: Current Named Path -- ROBERT: --> ROBERT: --> Noname: --> Noname: MENU Version 1.1 Menu Not Found C7>; C7>; Note that MENU was still running, but it aborted gracefully C7>; under the new directory C7>; C7> C7>; C7>; End of Demo C7>; 4.0 ZCPR2 Commands ZCPR▓ will¼ generall∙ speaking¼ accep⌠ an∙ conventiona∞ CP/═ ì commanΣá anΣ i⌠ i≤ ablσ t∩ ruε virtuall∙ al∞ oµ thσ existinτ CP/═ ì softwarσá (witΦá thσ fe≈ mino≥ exception≤ a≤á noteΣá previously)« ì Thi≤ sectioε oµ thσ Concept≤ Manua∞ deal≤ witΦ thσ ZCPR2-specifiπ ì commands¼á i.e.¼á thσá ZCPR▓ Residen⌠ Command≤ anΣ thσá transien⌠ ì programs released with ZCPR2. 4.1 ZCPR2 Resident Commands Likσ thσ CP/═ 2.▓ CCP¼á ZCPR▓ contain≤ somσ command≤á withiε ì itself«á I⌠ contain≤ al∞ oµ thσ CC╨ command≤ (excep⌠ USER¼ whicΦ ì isn'⌠ needeΣ anymore⌐ anΣ ß fe≈ more¼á bu⌠ al∞ oµ thσ ZCPR▓ resiì den⌠á command≤á arσ differen⌠ witΦ logica∞ extension≤ t∩ thσá CC╨ ì commands«á Thσá followinτ discussioε applie≤ t∩á thσá recommendeΣ ì configuratioε oµ ZCPR2. Iε thσ followinτ discussion¼ "afnó refer≤ t∩ thσ CP/═ ambigì uou≤á filσá namσ forφ (containinτ "?ó and/o≥ "*ó characters⌐á anΣ ì "ufnóá refer≤á t∩ thσ CP/═ unambiguou≤ filσ namσ forφá (doe≤á no⌠ ì contaiε thσ ambiguou≤ characters). 4.1.1 The DIR Command Thσ DI╥ commanΣ i≤ useΣ t∩ displa∙ thσ name≤ oµ thσ file≤ iε ì the current directory. It has three basic forms -- Display $DIR File Names DIR DU:afn Display $SYS File Names DIR DU:afn S Display All File Names DIR DU:afn A 4.1.2 The ERA Command Thσá ER┴ commanΣ i≤ useΣ t∩ erasσ files«á I⌠ i≤ no⌠ ablσ t∩ ì erasσ Read/Onl∙ files¼ bu⌠ i⌠ caε erasσ Systeφ files« I⌠ ha≤ tw∩ ì basic forms -- Erase Specified Files ERA DU:afn Erase with Verify ERA DU:afn V 4.1.3 The REN Command Thσá RE╬ commanΣ i≤ useΣ t∩ changσ thσ namσ oµ onσá filσá t∩ ì another«á Again¼ i⌠ caε no⌠ changσ thσ namσ oµ ß Read/Onl∙ file« ì It has only one basic form -- Renamσ Filσ RE╬ DU:ufn1=ufn▓ Iµ ufn▒ alread∙ exists¼ RE╬ wil∞ asδ thσ use≥ iµ hσ want≤ t∩ ì Erase it (with the prompt "ERA ufn1?"). 4.1.4 The TYPE and LIST Commands TYP┼á anΣ LIS╘ arσ useΣ t∩ displa∙ file≤ oε thσ consolσá anΣ ì printer¼á resp« TYP┼ page≤ b∙ default¼ stoppinτ afte≥ thσ screeε ì is filled. These two commands have three basic forms -- Print File on Console TYPE DU:ufn P Without Paging Print File on Console TYPE DU:ufn With Paging Print File on Printer LIST DU:ufn 4.1.5 The SAVE Command Thσá SAV┼á commanΣ i≤ useΣ t∩ savσ thσ content≤ oµá thσá TP┴ ì ont∩ disδ a≤ ß file«á I⌠ accept≤ tw∩ arguments║á ß numbe≥ anΣ ß ì filσá name«á Thσá filσá namσ ma∙ bσ optionall∙ followeΣá b∙á thσ ì lette≥ "Só t∩ indicatσ tha⌠ thσ numbe≥ i≤ thσ numbe≥ oµá 128-bytσ ì Sector≤á (Blocks⌐á t∩ bσ saved¼á and¼á iµ thi≤ optioεá lette≥á i≤ ì omitted¼ thσ numbe≥ i≤ assumeΣ t∩ bσ thσ numbe≥ oµ 256-bytσ Page≤ ì to be saved. The SAVE command has two basic forms -- Save Memory into File SAVE n DU:ufn Save Memory into File SAVE n DU:ufn S and Specify Number of Blocks Iµ thσ number¼á n¼ i≤ followeΣ b∙ thσ suffi° "H"¼ a≤ iε "FHó ì o≥á "2DH"¼á theεá ε i≤ takeε t∩ bσ ß hexadecima∞á value«á Iµá n∩ ì suffi°á i≤ given¼á ε i≤ assumeΣ t∩ bσ decimal«á Thi≤ hexadecima∞ ì optioεá eliminate≤á thσá neeΣá fo≥á conversioεá froφá thσá value≤ ì supplied by debuggers, like DDT. Iµ thσ indicateΣ filσ alread∙ exists¼ SAV┼ wil∞ asδ thσ use≥ ì if he wishes to erase it with the prompt "ERA ufn?". 4.1.6 The GET Command GE╘á i≤á useΣá t∩ loaΣ ßá filσá anywherσá int∩á memory«á I⌠ ì require≤ tw∩ arguments║á ß numbe≥ (assumeΣ t∩ bσ hexadecimal⌐ oµ ì thσá 256-bytσá pagσ iε memor∙ a⌠ whicΦ t∩ star⌠ thσ loaΣ anΣá thσ ì name of the file. Load File Into Memory GET adr DU:ufn 4.1.7 The GO Command Thσ G╧ commanΣ i≤ useΣ t∩ reexecutσ thσ las⌠ prograφá loadeΣ ì into the TPA without having to reload it. Reexecute Last Transient GO params Without Reloading It 4.1.8 The JUMP Command JUM╨ i≤ useΣ t∩ brancΦ t∩ anywherσ iε memory« I⌠ take≤ onl∙ ì onσá argument¼á whicΦá i≤á thσ addres≤ a⌠ whicΦá t∩á jump«á Thi≤ ì addres≤á caεá bσá t∩á an∙ bytσ iε memor∙ (i⌠á i≤á ßá ful∞á 16-bi⌠ ì address), and it is assumed to be a hexadecimal number. Call Subroutine Anywhere in JUMP adr Memory 4.1.9 The DU Form for Changing Disk and User Thσá D╒ forφ standinτ alonσ i≤ useΣ t∩ loτ int∩ ßá differen⌠ ì directory. There are three basic forms of this command -- Change Disk D: Change User U: Change Disk and User at DU: Same Time 4.2 ZCPR2 Standard Transient Commands Al∞á oµ thσ CP/M-supplieΣ transien⌠ command≤ wil∞ worδá witΦ ì ZCPR2¼ anΣ ZCPR▓ supplie≤ severa∞ additiona∞ ZCPR2-specifiπ tranì sients¼ a≤ indicateΣ iε thσ followinτ tables: Standard CP/M 2.2 Transients under ZCPR2 Program Function Functional Changes ASM Intel 8080 Assembler No Change DDT Debugger No Change DUMP File Dump No Change ED Character-Oriented Text Editor No Change LOAD HEX-to-COM File Converter No Change MOVCP═ Reconfigurσ CP/═ fo≥ Differen⌠ Wil∞ Onl∙ Affec⌠ Memory Size BDOS -- ZCPR2 Mus⌠ Bσ Reassembled PIP File and Peripheral Transfer No Change STAT Statistics display, etc No Change SUBMIT Batch Command Processor No Change SYSGEN Get/Put System Image on Disk No Change Standard ZCPR2 Transients Thσá standarΣ transient≤ oµ ZCPR▓ caε bσ groupeΣ b∙á subjec⌠ ì areßá a≤á organizeΣá iε thei≥ Hel≡ Files«á Thi≤ groupinτá i≤á a≤ ì follows: 1. I/O 8. Command Files CONFIG, TINIT SUB2 DEVICE ZEX IOLOADER RECORD 9. Named Directories STARTUP CD SYSIO STARTUP as ST LD 2. Directories MKDIR XDIR3 PWD 3. Disk Utilities 10. ZCPR2 DU2 DIR, XDIR3 ERA, ERASE 4. Library REN, RENAME LDIRZ TYPE, PAGE LRUNZ LIST, PRINT LU SAVE JUMP 5. Menu GO MCHECK GENINS MENU PATH WHEEL 6. File Compare PROTECT COMPARE CRC 11. Help DIFF HELP2 7. File Copy 12. Misc MCOPY CCPLOC ECHO ZCPR2 Transients Grouped by Function Thσá followinτ i≤ ß brieµ overvie≈ oµ thesσ transient≤ whicΦ ì concentrate≤ oε thei≥ function≤ anΣ interactions«á Thi≤ overvie≈ ì i≤á organizeΣ accordinτ t∩ thσ functiona∞ grouping≤ giveεá above« ì Al∞á oµ thσ ZCPR2-specifiπ anΣ ZCPR2-residen⌠ command≤á arσá desì cribeΣ iε detai∞ iε thσ User'≤ Guide. 1. Input/Output Thσá CONFI╟ anΣ TINI╘ program≤ arσ useΣ t∩ prograφá thσ ì TV╔ 95░ CR╘ terminal« Thesσ arσ provided¼ oµ course¼ fo≥ TV╔ 95░ ì owners¼ bu⌠ the∙ als∩ servσ a≤ example≤ oµ ho≈ t∩ se⌠ u≡ termina∞ ì programmer≤ fo≥ othe≥ type≤ oµ terminal≤ a≤ well« CONFI╟ i≤ useΣ ì t∩á creatσá configuratioε file≤ fo≥ variou≤ type≤á oµá functions¼ ì sucΦá a≤á assembl∙á languagσá softwarσá development¼á ├á languagσ ì softwarσ development¼á worΣ processing¼á anΣ datß basσ work« Thσ ì file≤á createΣ b∙ CONFI╟ contaiε datß whicΦ ma∙ bσ useΣ b∙ CONFI╟ ì itself or TINIT to program the terminal. Iεá programminτá thσ terminal¼á thσ attribute≤á oµá thσ ì display¼á thσ typσ oµ cursor¼á thσ content≤ oµ thσ functioε keys¼ ì anΣá thσ displa∙ oµ thσ statu≤ linσ arσ somσ oµ thσ function≤á oµ ì thσá termina∞ whicΦ ma∙ bσ programmed«á CONFI╟ serve≤ t∩á creatσ ì configuratioεá file≤ (oµ typσ CFG⌐ mainly¼á anΣ TINI╘ i≤ useΣá t∩ ì perforφ thσ programming« TINI╘ read≤ thσ indicateΣ configuratioε ì filσ afte≥ followinτ ß patΦ iε lookinτ fo≥ i⌠ anΣ theε send≤á thσ ì appropriate command sequences to the terminal. SYSIO.AS═á i≤á ß samplσ Redirectablσ I/╧ Packagσá whicΦ ì run≤á oε m∙ ZCPR▓ system«á I⌠ caε bσ useΣ t∩ ac⌠ a≤ ß mode∞á fo≥ ì thσá desigεá oµá othe≥ sucΦ package≤á fo≥á variou≤á purpose≤á anΣ ì hardware configurations. The reader is invited to study it. IOLOADE╥á i≤á useΣ t∩ loaΣ ß Redirectablσá I/╧á Packagσ ì int∩ memor∙ anΣ cal∞ it≤ initializatioε routine«á DEVIC┼ i≤ useΣ ì t∩ displa∙ thσ name≤ anΣ meaning≤ oµ thσ devicσ driver≤ containeΣ ì iεá aεá I/╧ packagσ anΣ t∩ selec⌠á ßá physical-to-logica∞á devicσ ì assignmen⌠ a≤ desireΣ b∙ thσ user« RECOR─ i≤ useΣ t∩ contro∞ thσ ì disδá filσá outpu⌠á function≤ fo≥ recordinτá consolσá outpu⌠á anΣ ì printe≥ outpu⌠ int∩ disδ files. Finally¼áá STARTU╨á i≤á includeΣá iεá thi≤á listinτá t∩ ì emphasizσáá tha⌠áá i⌠á ma∙á bσá useΣá t∩á executσá IOLOADE╥áá fo≥ ì initialization purposes. 2. Directories XDIR│á i≤á thσ extendeΣ director∙á displa∙á utilit∙á oµ ì ZCPR2«á I⌠á support≤ ß widσ variet∙ oµ functions¼á ranginτá froφ ì director∙á displa∙á t∩á filσ namσ scanner«á I⌠á use≤á path≤á anΣ ì supports the named directory scheme under ZCPR2. 3. Disk Utilities DU▓á i≤á ßá slightl∙ enhanceΣ versioεá oµá DU¼á ßá disδ ì utilit∙ designeΣ b∙ WarΣ Christensen« Thσ reason≤ ╔ camσ u≡ witΦ ì DU▓á werσá t∩ adΣ ß couplσ oµ additiona∞á features¼á changσá DU'≤ ì human-engineerinτ interfacσ t∩ matcΦ m∙ particula≥ tastes¼ anΣ t∩ ì makσ i⌠ mesΦ morσ cleanl∙ witΦ ZCPR2. è 4. Library Utilities L╒á (Librar∙á Utility⌐á i≤ ß prograφá writteεá b∙á Gar∙ ì NovosielskΘ whicΦ place≤ ß numbe≥ oµ smalle≥ file≤ int∩ onσ largσ ì filσá witΦ it≤ owε directory«á Amonτ othe≥ things¼á thi≤ prograφ ì help≤ t∩ conservσ spacσ oε disδ b∙ eliminatinτ ß lo⌠ oµ thσ wastσ ì associateΣ witΦ thσ unuseΣ spacσ iε thσ las⌠ grou≡ oµ ß filσá anΣ ì provide≤ ß convenien⌠ wa∙ t∩ grou≡ program≤ together. LDIR┌ i≤ ß prograφ ╔ wrotσ t∩ allo≈ thσ use≥ t∩ examinσ ì thσá content≤á oµ ß librar∙ filσ anΣ displa∙ thσ content≤á iεá aε ì alphabetica∞á listinτ witΦ filσ sizσ information«á I⌠ use≤ path≤ ì t∩á finΣá thσ librar∙ filσ (oµ typσ LBR⌐ tha⌠ i⌠ wishe≤á t∩á dea∞ ì with. LRUN┌á i≤á ß modificatioε oµ thσá Gary'≤á LRU╬á prograφ ì whicΦ perform≤ thσ samσ functioε bu⌠ searche≤ alonτ path≤ fo≥ thσ ì librar∙ file. 5. Menu MEN╒áá anΣá MCHEC╦á arσá thσá program≤á useΣá t∩áá dea∞ ì specificall∙á witΦ ß men⌡ commanΣ systeφ unde≥ ZCPR2«á Menu≤ arσ ì createΣá iε thσ forφ oµ MENU.CP╥ files¼á witΦ onl∙á onσá MENU.CP╥ ì filσáá permitteΣá pe≥á director∙á anΣá witΦá eacΦá MENU.CP╥á filσ ì containinτá u≡ t∩ 25╡ menus«á Thσ Men⌡ Systeφ set≤ u≡ ßá commanΣ ì environmen⌠ iε whicΦ thσ command≤ whicΦ thσ use≥ ma∙ executσá arσ ì presenteΣá t∩á hiφ iε thσ forφ oµ ß menu¼á anΣ thσ use≥á execute≤ ì them by selecting an option letter. MEN╒á execute≤ MENU.CP╥ files¼á anΣ MCHEC╦ i≤á useΣá t∩ ì check the syntax of such files. 6. File Compare COMPAR┼á i≤ useΣ t∩ simpl∙ comparσ tw∩á files¼á tellinτ ì thσá use≥ iµ the∙ arσ thσ samσ o≥ not«á DIF╞ i≤ useΣ t∩ lis⌠ ou⌠ ì thσ difference≤ betweeε tw∩ file≤ oε ß byte-for-bytσ basis«á Thσ ì relativσ offset≤ int∩ thσ files¼á anΣ thσ differen⌠ bytσá values¼ ì expressed in decimal, hexadecimal, and ASCII, are presented. CR├á i≤ useΣ t∩ computσ Cycliπ Redundanc∙ Checδá value≤ ì fo≥á files«á Iµ tw∩ file≤ arσ thσ samσ sizσ anΣ thei≥ CR├ value≤ ì arσá thσá same¼á theε therσ i≤ ß ver∙ gooΣ chancσ tha⌠á the∙á arσ ì copie≤ oµ thσ samσ file« CR├ i≤ particularl∙ usefu∞ iε comparinτ ì ß filσ tha⌠ ha≤ jus⌠ beeε downloadeΣ b∙ ß program¼á likσá XMODEM¼ ì to the file on the remote computer it was downloaded from. 7. File Copy MCOP┘á i≤ ß prograφ whicΦ i≤ useΣ t∩ cop∙ file≤ iεá thσ ì ZCPR▓á environment«á I⌠ know≤ abou⌠ paths¼á caε dea∞ witΦá nameΣ ì directories¼ caε dea∞ witΦ list≤ oµ file≤ a≤ arguments¼ anΣ ha≤ ß ì numbe≥á oµá extendeΣá feature≤ anΣá facilities«á Somσá oµá thesσ ì features include: . Disk Directory Display with Sizing Info . Can Copy to Any Directory on Any Disk . Supports Multiple Copy in which a group of files can be copied to several disks by simply loading one disk after another without concerning the user with Warm Booting the system . Permits Disks to be changed on it at will once it is loaded and begins running . Supports an Inspect Mode . Optional Verify via CRC's and Rereading the files from the destination . Can be run from the command line or from an internal command processor . Built-In Help 8. Command Files SUB▓á i≤á ß disk-baseΣ indirec⌠ commanΣá filσá facilit∙ ì likσ SUBMI╘ whicΦ wa≤ baseΣ oε Roε Fowler'≤ SuperSU┬ anΣ support≤ ì stil∞á morσá features¼á includinτ patΦ searche≤ fo≥á thσá commanΣ ì files to execute. ZE╪á i≤á ß memory-baseΣ indirec⌠ commanΣ filσá facilit∙ ì whicΦ i≤ baseΣ oε E╪ anΣ support≤ morσ features¼á includinτá patΦ ì searches, immediate user input, and ZCPR2 interfacing. 9. Named Directories MKDI╥ i≤ useΣ t∩ creatσ anΣ edi⌠ nameΣ director∙ files« ì Thσ use≥ caε add¼ rename¼ anΣ deletσ entrie≤ froφ sucΦ ß filσ anΣ ì theεá savσá thσ result≤ oε disδ a≤ thσ samσ filσ o≥á ßá differen⌠ ì file. L─á load≤ ß nameΣ director∙ filσ createΣ b∙ MKDI╥á int∩ ì thσá memory-baseΣ nameΣ director∙ buffer«á I⌠ als∩ reformat≤ thσ ì informatioε iε thσ filσ t∩ bσ compatablσ witΦ thσ forma⌠ useΣá iε ì the buffer. PW─á print≤ thσ namσ oµ thσ curren⌠ director∙ thσá use≥ ì i≤á loggeΣá int∩ anΣ caε als∩ prin⌠ thσ name≤ oµ al∞á directorie≤ ì whicΦ ma∙ bσ accesseΣ b∙ thσ use≥ froφ thσ curren⌠ directory« I⌠ ì derive≤á it≤á informatioε froφ thσ memory-baseΣá nameΣá director∙ ì buffe≥á anΣá thσá firs⌠á NAMES.DI╥á filσá encountereΣá alonτá it≤ ì indicated path. C─á i≤á useΣá t∩á Changσá Directorie≤á o≥á loτá int∩á ß ì director∙ b∙ usinτ it≤ name«á C─ log≤ int∩ ß nameΣ director∙á iε ì the following manner: 1. Scan first the memory-based named directory buffer and then search along the path and scan the first disk-based NAMES.DIR file; this is done to match the name given to CD 2. Determine if the user number of the desired directory is in the privil- eged areas and, if so, ask for and validate the access password 3. Once access right is determined, temp- orarily log into the indicated directory and look for ST.COM; if found, log in permanently and execute it via the Multiple Command Line Buffer facility; if not found, simply log the user in STARTU╨ i≤ mentioneΣ herσ because¼á wheε renameΣ t∩ ST¼ ì i⌠á provide≤á aεá initia∞ commanΣ sequencσ t∩á bσá executeΣá upoε ì enterinτá ß particula≥ directory«á Thi≤ commanΣ sequencσ ma∙á bσ ì used to perform functions like the following: 1. Load New I/O Drivers 2. Load a New Memory-Based Named Dir 3. Establish a New Command Search Path 4. Reprogram the User's Terminal 5. Run the MENU System 10. ZCPR2 Therσ arσ tw∩ set≤ oµ programs/command≤ directl∙á assoì ciateΣ witΦ ZCPR▓ itself«á Thesσ arσ thσ ZCPR▓ Residen⌠ Command≤ ì anΣá thei≥ Alternatσ Transien⌠ Commands«á Thσ Residen⌠á Command≤ ì perforφ basiπ function≤ rathe≥ quickly¼á anΣ thσ Alternatσ Transì ien⌠ Command≤ elaboratσ oε thesσ basiπ function≤ bu⌠ perforφ theφ ì morσá slowly¼á a≤á ß genera∞ rule«á Somσ oµ thσ command≤ iεá thσ ì Alternatσá clas≤á havσ n∩ correspondinτ commanΣ iεá thσá Residen⌠ ì class¼á bu⌠á the∙á arσá includeΣ becausσ the∙á perforφá ßá ZCPR2-ì supporting function. è The Resident Commands include: DIR - Directory Display ERA - File Erase REN - File Rename TYPE - Print File on Console LIST - Print File on Printer SAVE - Save Memory Image on Disk JUMP - Jump to Anywhere in Memory GO - Reexecute Last Loaded Transient The Alternate Transient Commands include: XDIR3 - Directory Display ERASE - File Erase RENAME - File Rename PAGE - Print File on Console PRINT - Print File on Printer GENINS - Utility Install Program PROTECT - File Attribute Set Program PATH - External Path Display/Set Utility WHEEL - Set/Reset Wheel Byte 11. Help Thσáá HEL╨áá prograφáá support≤áá thσáá ZCPR▓ááá onlinσ ì documentatioε system«á Ove≥ 300╦ iε Hel≡ File≤ (oµ typσ HLP⌐ arσ ì provideΣ witΦ thσ ZCPR▓ System¼ anΣ al∞ command≤ distributeΣ witΦ ì ZCPR2 are documented therein. 12. Miscellaneous CCPLO├ i≤ useΣ t∩ displa∙ thσ addres≤ oµ thσ CCP¼ BDOS¼ ì and BIOS. This program is used during installation. ECH╧á i≤ useΣ t∩ ech∩ thσ commanΣ line«á I⌠ i≤ useΣ t∩ ì issuσá ß simplσ one-linσ messagσ t∩ thσ use≥ wheε hiddeεá commanΣ ì lines, like those generated by STARTUP/ST, are executed. 5.0 Multiple Command Lines Thσá Multiplσá CommanΣ Linσ Facilit∙ oµ ZCPR▓á support≤á tw∩ ì basic functions in the ZCPR2 environment: 1)ái⌠á allow≤ thσ use≥ t∩ specif∙ ß serie≤ oµá command≤ ì áááááááááááááseparateΣ b∙ semicolon≤ (a≤ recommended) 2) i⌠á allow≤ onσ prograφ t∩ easil∙ chaiε t∩ anothe≥ o≥ ì áááááááááááááß wholσ serie≤ oµ programs Thσá firs⌠á applicatioεá oµ thi≤á facilit∙á ha≤á beeεá showε ì several times. It permits command lines like the following: ed prog.mac;m80 =prog;l80 prog/e;era *.bak;era *.rel Thσ seconΣ applicatioε i≤ employeΣ extensivel∙ b∙ fou≥ ZCPR▓ ì utilitie≤ iε particula≥ -- STARTUP¼á MENU¼ CD¼ anΣ ZEX« STARTUP¼ ì CD¼ anΣ MEN╒ havσ beeε demonstrateΣ earlier. Thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffer¼ whicΦ i≤ useΣ t∩ storσ thσ ì Multiplσ CommanΣ Line¼á i≤ locateΣ externa∞ t∩ ZCPR▓ iε somσ safσ ì areßá oµá memor∙á (sucΦá a≤ u≡ iε thσ BIOS⌐á wherσá i⌠á won'⌠á bσ ì overwritteεá ever∙ timσ ß Warφ Boo⌠ occurs«á I⌠ i≤ structureΣ a≤ ì follows: Bytes 0 and 1: Address of Next Character in Buffer Byte 2: Size of Buffer Byte 3: Dummy used by BDOS Readln Function 10 Bytes 4-n: Buffer Contents, terminated by a binary 0 Wheεá thσ ColΣ Boo⌠ routinσ iε thσ BIO╙á executes¼á i⌠á mus⌠ ì initializσá thi≤á buffe≥á fo≥ subsequen⌠ usσ b∙á ZCPR2«á I⌠á ma∙ ì optionall∙á storσ ß commanΣ o≥ se⌠ oµ command≤ t∩ bσ executeΣá oε ì ColΣ Boot¼á amonτ othe≥ things¼ bu⌠ i⌠ MUS╘ perforφ thσ followinτ ì functions as a minimum: 1⌐ se⌠ thσ Addres≤ oµ thσ Nex⌠ Cha≥ t∩ poin⌠ t∩ Bytσ 4 2) set the buffer size 3) initialize the buffer contents, making sure they are terminated by a binary 0 Fo≥ example¼ iµ thσ buffe≥ start≤ a⌠ 0FF00╚ anΣ i≤ 128 byte≤ ì long¼á thσá BIO╙á ColΣá Boo⌠ Routinσ shoulΣ storσá thσá followinτ ì values starting at 0FF00H: FF00: 04 ; Low-Order Address of First Char FF01: FF ; High-Order Address of First Char FF02: 80 ; Size of Buffer (80H=128 Bytes) FF03: xx ; Don't Care FF04: 0 ; Buffer MUST be terminated by a 0 Iµá ß defaul⌠ commanΣ linσ i≤ t∩ bσ executeΣ oεá ColΣá Boot¼ ì theεá thσá buffe≥á startinτ a⌠ 0FF04╚ shoulΣ bσ filleΣá witΦá thσ ì character≤ oµ thσ linσ (casσ i≤ immaterial)«á Iε an∙á case¼á thσ ì buffer contents MUST be terminated by a binary 0. Onσá prograφá caεá usσ thi≤ knowledgσ t∩á chaiεá t∩á anothe≥ ì prograφá b∙ simpl∙ storinτ ß commanΣ linσ int∩ thσ Multiplσá Comì manΣ Linσ Buffer«á Thi≤ i≤ ho≈ MEN╒ perform≤ it≤á function«á I⌠ ì take≤á thσ commanΣ linσ giveε b∙ thσ men⌡ programme≥ (hσ wh∩á se⌠ ì u≡á thσ MENU.CP╥ file⌐ anΣ store≤ i⌠ verbatiφ (witΦ limiteΣá proì cessing⌐á int∩á thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffer«á Oncσá stored¼ ì MEN╒á theε terminate≤ thi≤ commanΣ witΦ ß semicoloε (t∩á indicatσ ì tha⌠ anothe≥ commanΣ follows)¼á it≤ namσ (MENU⌐ s∩ tha⌠ MEN╒ wil∞ ì bσ reentereΣ wheε thσ user'≤ commanΣ i≤ finished¼ anΣ aε optiona∞ ì men⌡ numbe≥ t∩ reente≥ at« Al∞ oµ thi≤ i≤ followeΣ b∙ ß binar∙ ░ ì t∩ indicatσ aε enΣ oµ thσ buffer. CD¼á wheεá i⌠ log≤ int∩ ß ne≈ directory¼á look≤ fo≥ thσ filσ ì ST.COM¼á and¼á iµ i⌠ i≤ found¼á C─ chain≤ t∩ ST.CO═ b∙ usinτá thσ ì Multiplσá CommanΣá Linσá Buffer«á Sincσ C─ anΣ S╘ arσá botΦá tw∩ ì character≤á long¼á anΣá thσ origina∞ C─ commanΣ i≤ stil∞á iεá thσ ì buffer¼á C─ simpl∙ take≤ thσ curren⌠ valuσ oµ thσ buffe≥á pointe≥ ì (whicΦá i≤á pointinτ t∩ thσ characte≥ afte≥ thσ C─á command¼á vi· ì eithe≥ ß semicoloε o≥ ß binar∙ 0)¼á back≤ i⌠ u≡ ▓ bytes¼ replace≤ ì thσ pointer¼á store≤ thσ letter≤ "STó wherσ "CDó useΣ t∩ be¼á anΣ ì return≤á t∩á ZCPR▓ witΦ thσ appropriatσ user/disδá flaτá s∩á tha⌠ ì ZCPR▓ wil∞ loτ iε thσ ne≈ directory« ZCPR2¼ afte≥ logginτ iε thσ ì ne≈á directory¼á look≤ a⌠ thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffer¼á see≤ ì thσ commanΣ "ST"¼ anΣ run≤ it« Nicσ anΣ simple! Thσá followinτá termina∞ sessioε illustrate≤ thσ usσ oµá thσ ì Multiplσá CommanΣ Linσ Buffe≥ iε chaininτ program≤á togethe≥á viß ì ZCPR2« Notσ tha⌠ AN┘ commanΣ line¼ eveε onσ consistinτ oµ severì a∞á command≤á separateΣá b∙ semicolons¼á ma∙ bσ storeΣá int∩á thσ ì Multiplσá CommanΣ Linσ Buffe≥ fo≥ thσ purposσ oµá chaining«á Thσ ì termina∞ sessioε follow≤ oε thσ nex⌠ page: B1>; B1>; This is a demo of chaining under ZCPR2 B1>; Note that SYSLIB is used extensively in this B1>; example, and the reader is invited to refer B1>; to the SYSLIB User's Guide and SYSLIB User B1>; and Reference Manual if he really wants to see B1>; how this program works B1>; B1> B1>; B1>; First, I have created a program that chains to itself, B1>; printing its command line each time: B1>; B1>type me.mac p ; ; This program demonstrates the program chaining capability ; under ZCPR2. ; cr equ 0dh ;<CR> lf equ 0ah ;<LF> ext cline ;SYSLIB routine to extract cmd line ext pstr ;SYSLIB routine to print string ext print ;SYSLIB routine to print ret string ext bbline ;one of the SYSLIB input line editors ext cin ;char in via SYSLIB ext caps ;char caps via SYSLIB ext cout ;char out via SYSLIB ext crlf ;new line ; ; Print Banner ; call print db cr,lf,'Chaining Demo -- Command Line is: ',0 ; ; Extract and Print Command Line ; lxi h,80h ;pt to command line buffer call cline ;extract it call pstr ;print it ; ; Prompt User and Get Single-Char Input from him ; call print db cr,lf,'Do you want to chain to ME? ',0 call cin ;get response call caps call cout ;echo call crlf ;new line cpi 'Y' ;respond to Y only jnz abort ; ; Set Buffer Ptr and ; Store ME Command into Multiple Command Line Buffer ; lxi h,0ff00h ;address of multiple command line ; buffer in my ZCPR2 System lxi d,0ff00h+4 ;address of first char in buffer mov m,e ;set buffer ptr to first char inx h mov m,d ;store low, high address of first char xchg ;HL pts to first char in buffer lxi d,command ;store command name call strput ;save command name mvi m,' ' ;store <SPACE> after command name inx h ;pt to char after space xchg ;DE pts to next char in command line ; ; Prompt User for and Get Command Line ; call print db cr,lf,' Command Line? ',0 xra a ;don't capitalize input call bbline ;get line from user ; ; Store Rest of Command Line into Multiple Command Line Buffer ; xchg ;DE pts to user input string, HL pts to ;next char in command line call strput ;save string mvi m,0 ;store ending zero in command ret ;return to OS and let it run the command ; ; Abort Program ; abort: call print db cr,lf,'ME done',0 ret ; ; Utility Routine to Copy String pted to by DE to memory pted ; to by HL until end of string (binary 0) is encountered. ; strput: ldax d ;get char ora a ;done? rz ;return if so mov m,a ;put it inx h ;pt to next inx d jmp strput ;continue ; ; ME Command ; command: db 'me',0 ;name of this command end B1>; B1>; Now to run the program -- all it does is store another B1>; command into the multiple Command Line Buffer which B1>; consists of its own name (ME) followed by the text input B1>; by the user. When ME.COM runs, it prints the command B1>; line (the user text) and asks the user if he wants to B1>; do it again. B1>; B1>me Chaining Demo -- Command Line is: Do you want to chain to ME? Y Command Line? this is the first run of ME Chaining Demo -- Command Line is: THIS IS THE FIRST RUN OF ME Do you want to chain to ME? Y Command Line? this is another run of me Chaining Demo -- Command Line is: THIS IS ANOTHER RUN OF ME Do you want to chain to ME? Y Command Line? this is the third run Chaining Demo -- Command Line is: THIS IS THE THIRD RUN Do you want to chain to ME? Y Command Line? i'm bored, so let's quit now Chaining Demo -- Command Line is: I'M BORED, SO LET'S QUIT NOW Do you want to chain to ME? N ME done B1>; B1>; End of Demo B1>; 6.0 Paths, Command Processing, and Extended Command Processors 6.1 Paths A≤ thσ reade≥ ha≤ seen¼ thσ concep⌠ oµ ß patΦ i≤ fundamenta∞ ì t∩á ZCPR2«á Iεá thσ ZCPR▓ vernacular¼á ß Pathô i≤ ßá sequencσá oµ ì directorie≤á t∩ bσ searcheΣ fo≥ ß file«á Thσ specificatioε oµá ß ì patΦá i≤á a≤á ß sequencσ oµ D╒ form≤ whicΦ arσá extendeΣá b∙á thσ ì introductioεá oµ thσ "$ó characte≥ t∩ indicatσ ß curren⌠ disδá o≥ ì curren⌠ use≥ area« Example≤ oµ path≤ are: 1) $ñá $░ Añ A░ -- PatΦ Froφ Curren⌠ Disk/Curren⌠á Use≥ ì ááááááááááááát∩á Curren⌠á Disk/Use≥ ░ t∩ Disδ A/Curren⌠á Use≥á t∩ ì áááááááááááááDisδá A/Use≥á ░ (Curren⌠ Disk/Use≥ i≤ thσá disk/use≥ ì áááááááááááááareß tha⌠ thσ use≥ i≤ loggeΣ into) Iµ ╔ wa≤ loggeΣ int∩ Disδ B¼á Use≥ 5¼á theε "$ó iε thσá disδ ì positioεá (firs⌠ character⌐ woulΣ meaε ┬ anΣ "$ó iε thσ 2nΣ posiì tioε woulΣ meaε Use≥ 5«á Hence¼á thσ abovσ path¼ whicΦ i≤ ß symì boliπ pathô sincσ i⌠ contain≤ thσ "$ó character¼á woulΣ bσá transì lateΣá int∩ aε absolutσ pathô oµ B╡ B░ A╡ A░ iµ ╔ wa≤ loggeΣá int∩ ì B╡ o≥ C╖ C░ A╖ A░ iµ ╔ wa≤ loggeΣ int∩ C7. 2) $ñ A░ A2▓ A1┤ B2▓ C1▓ C░ B░ $░ Añ -- ╔ thinδ yo⌡ caε ì áááááááááááááfollo≈ thi≤ path╗á thi≤ i≤ t∩ illustratσ tha⌠ ß patΦ ì ááááááááááááálengtΦ i≤ indefinitσ (usuall∙ u≡ t∩ 1╢á directories¼ ì áááááááááááááwhicΦá i≤ quitσ reasonable⌐ anΣ caε extenΣ int∩ use≥ ì áááááááááááááarea≤ beyonΣ 15¼ whicΦ can'⌠ bσ loggeΣ into Again¼á iµ ╔ wa≤ loggeΣ int∩ B5¼ thi≤ symboliπ patΦ woulΣ bσ ì translateΣ int∩ thσ absolutσ patΦ of: B5 A0 A22 A14 B22 C12 C0 B0 B0 A5 Thσ PAT╚ commanΣ i≤ availablσ t∩ thσ ZCPR▓ use≥ t∩ allo≈ hiφ ì t∩á displa∙á hi≤ curren⌠ patΦ anΣ dynamicall∙ changσ i⌠ durinτá ß ì session«á Oncσ changed¼ thσ patΦ stay≤ iε thσ altereΣ forφ unti∞ ì eithe≥á ß ColΣ Boo⌠ occur≤ o≥ thσ use≥ employ≤ PAT╚ t∩ changσá i⌠ ì again«á Thi≤á ha≤ beeε illustrateΣ severa∞ time≤ beforσ iεá thi≤ ì document«á Stud∙á thσá followinτ termina∞ sessioεá fo≥á specifiπ ì example≤ oµ thσ usσ oµ path≤ iε ZCPR2. B1>; B1>; This example illustrates paths under ZCPR2 B1>; B1> B1>; B1>; First, I have this program: B1>; B1>type where.mac ext retud ext print ext padc ext cout call retud ;get user/disk in C/B call print db 'You are logged into Disk ',0 mov a,b ;get disk adi 'A' ;convert to letter call cout call print db ' and User ',0 mov a,c ;get user call padc ;print as decimal ret end B1>; B1>; ... which does this: B1>; B1>where You are logged into Disk B and User 1 B1> B1>; B1>; There is currently only one copy of WHERE.COM, and that is B1>; in B1 B1>; B1> B1>; B1>; My path is: B1>; B1>path PATH Version 2.2 Current Symbolic Path -- $$: --> $0: --> A$: --> A0: Current Absolute Path -- B1: --> B0: --> A1: --> A0: Current Named Path -- ASM: --> DEV-ROOT: --> R-ASM: --> ROOT: B1>2: B2>; B2>; I do not cover B1 now, so WHERE.COM will not be found B2>; when I issue the command: B2>; B2>where WHERE? B2>; B2>; Unless, of course, I tell ZCPR2 where to look: B2>; B2>1:where You are logged into Disk B and User 2 B2>; B2>; OR ... I could change the path to cover B1 B2>; B2>path $$ $0 a$ a0 b1 PATH Version 2.2 Current Symbolic Path -- $$: --> $0: --> A$: --> A0: --> B1: Current Absolute Path -- B2: --> B0: --> A2: --> A0: --> B1: Current Named Path -- BDSC: --> DEV-ROOT: --> R-BDSC: --> ROOT: --> ASM: B2>; B2>; Now, WHERE in B1 will ALWAYS be found, because B1 is B2>; Specifically in the PATH! B2>; B2>where You are logged into Disk B and User 2 B2>; B2>; ... whereever I go, B1 is in the path, and WHERE.COM in B2>; B1 will be found: B2>; B2>a10:;path PATH Version 2.2 Current Symbolic Path -- $$: --> $0: --> A$: --> A0: --> B1: Current Absolute Path -- A10: --> A0: --> A10: --> A0: --> B1: Current Named Path -- SYS: --> ROOT: --> SYS: --> ROOT: --> ASM: A10>where You are logged into Disk A and User 10 A10>b15: B15>where You are logged into Disk B and User 15 B15>a0:;where You are logged into Disk A and User 0 A>b1: B1>; B1>; Now, in a normal ZCPR2 working environment, it is nice to store B1>; commands in one of the user areas you can't log into, and then B1>; set up the path to go into it: B1>; B1>mcopy a16:=where.com MCOPY Version 2.2 Copy B 1: WHERE .COM to A 16: No Original File WHERE .COM on Destination ! Copy Complete, Verify Phase -- Verify Complete **** MCOPY Complete **** 1 Files Copied 0 Copy Errors B1>path $$ $0 a$ a0 a16 PATH Version 2.2 Current Symbolic Path -- $$: --> $0: --> A$: --> A0: --> A16: Current Absolute Path -- B1: --> B0: --> A1: --> A0: --> A16: Current Named Path -- ASM: --> DEV-ROOT: --> R-ASM: --> ROOT: --> Noname: B1>era where.com WHERE .COM B1>where You are logged into Disk B and User 1 B1>b5:;where You are logged into Disk B and User 5 B5>a14: A14>where You are logged into Disk A and User 14 A14>; A14>; See the point? Now, if I take away WHERE.COM from A16, A14>; it won't be found anymore: A14>; A14>era a16:where.com WHERE .COM A14>where WHERE? A14>b1: B1>where WHERE? B1>; B1>; End of Demo B1>; 6.2 Command Processing CommanΣá processinτá unde≥á ZCPR▓á follow≤á ßá ver∙á logica∞ ì sequence of events each time a command is issued: 1) Inpu⌠ anΣ Parsσ CommanΣ Linσ froφ Use≥ o≥ File 2) Determinσá iµ i⌠ i≤ ß ZCPR2-residen⌠ commanΣ anΣ ruεá i⌠ ì ááááiµ so 3) SearcΦá alonτ thσ commanΣ searcΦ path¼á logginτ int∩ thσ ì áááádisk≤ anΣ use≥ area≤ indicateΣ iε thσ patΦ unti∞á eithe≥ ì ááááthσá bottoφá oµ thσ patΦ i≤ reacheΣ o≥ thσá desireΣá CO═ ì ááááfilσ i≤ found╗ ruε prograφ iµ found 4) Invokσá aε ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processor¼á passinτ thσ Comì áááámanΣ Linσ t∩ it 5) Prin⌠ erro≥ messagσ iµ 2¼ 3¼ anΣ ┤ fail Wheεá ZCPR▓ searche≤ fo≥ ß file¼á i⌠ follow≤ ßá path«á Thi≤ ì patΦá i≤ referreΣ t∩ a≤ thσ CommanΣ SearcΦ Path«á Tw∩á extremel∙ ì flexiblσ feature≤ iε thi≤ desigε are: 1) thσ commanΣ searcΦ patΦ ma∙ bσ redefineΣ dynamicall∙á b∙ ì ááááthσ user 2) severa∞ ZCPR▓ transient≤ usσ path≤ also¼ anΣ thesσ path≤ ì ááááma∙á bσ thσ samσ patΦ useΣ b∙ commanΣ searcΦ o≥ the∙ ma∙ ì áááábσ uniquσ t∩ eacΦ transient Iµ thσ patΦ searcΦ fails¼ ZCPR▓ caε theε searcΦ fo≥ anΣ loaΣ ì aεá extendeΣá commanΣá processo≥ fo≥ furthe≥á processinτá oµá thσ ì commanΣá linσ beyonΣ thosσ facilitie≤ oµ ZCPR▓ itself«á Refe≥ t∩ ì thσá examplσá unde≥á sectioε 6.▒ fo≥ detail≤ oεá thσá ZCPR▓á patΦ ì searcΦ techniques. 6.3 Extended Command Processors Thσ las⌠ functioε t∩ bσ performeΣ beforσ ZCPR▓ finall∙ give≤ ì u≡á iε it≤ searcΦ fo≥ ß commanΣ specifieΣ b∙ thσ use≥ i≤ t∩á looδ ì fo≥ anΣ ruε aε ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processor«á Thi≤ facilit∙ caε bσ ì engageΣá o≥á disengageΣ a⌠ thσ discretioε oµ thσ systeφá manager¼ ì and¼ iµ i⌠ i≤ engaged¼ thσ systeφ manage≥ caε elec⌠ t∩ havσ ZCPR▓ ì searcΦá thσ entirσ commanΣ searcΦ patΦ fo≥ thσá ExtendeΣá CommanΣ ì Processo≥ o≥ t∩ onl∙ looδ iε thσ las⌠ director∙ loggeΣ iε (a⌠ thσ ì enΣ oµ thσ path). Thσá las⌠ tw∩ option≤ arσ se⌠ a⌠ assembl∙ timσ b∙ thσá ROOTì ONL┘á equate«á Thσ prio≥ option¼á tha⌠ oµ havinτ thi≤ featurσ o≥ ì not¼á i≤á als∩ se⌠ a⌠ assembl∙ timσ b∙ thσ CMDRU╬á equate«á Als∩ ì specifieΣá a⌠á thi≤ timσ i≤ thσ namσ anΣ typσ oµ thσ filσá t∩á bσ ì executeΣ a≤ thσ ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processor. Iµ thσ ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processo≥ i≤ no⌠ found¼á thσ convenì tiona∞ erro≥ messagσ i≤ given¼á flagginτ thσ origina∞ commanΣá a≤ ì beinτá iε error«á Iµ thσ ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processo≥ (nameΣá CMDì RUN.CO═á a≤á pe≥ thσ recommendation⌐ i≤ found¼á theεá thσá entirσ ì commanΣá linσ i≤ passeΣ t∩ i⌠ a≤ th∩ i⌠ haΣ beeε ruε a≤ ß commanΣ ì iεá it≤ owε right«á Fo≥ instance¼á iµ thσ origina∞ commanΣá linσ ì was: MASM MYPROG anΣá thσá filσ MASM.CO═ wa≤ no⌠ founΣ bu⌠á thσá ExtendeΣá CommanΣ ì Processo≥á CMDRU╬ was¼á theε thi≤ woulΣ bσ equivalen⌠ t∩á issuinτ ì thσ command: CMDRU╬ MAS═ MYPROG Thσá utilit∙ oµ thi≤ featurσ caε bσ seeε immediately«á Imaì ginσá tha⌠ thσ SUBMI╘ prograφ werσ renameΣ t∩ CMDRUN«á Theεá thσ ì failurσ oµ ß commanΣ woulΣ causσ SUBMI╘ t∩ ruε anΣ attemp⌠ t∩ ruε ì ß commanΣ file. WitΦá thi≤ featurσ iε mind¼á threσ ZCPR▓ transient≤ arσ proì videΣ whicΦ ma∙ bσ useΣ a≤ ExtendeΣ CommanΣ Processors« The∙ arσ ì SUB2¼á ZEX¼ anΣ LRUNZ« SUB▓ anΣ ZE╪ arσ commanΣ filσ processors« ì SUB▓ i≤ likσ aε enhanceΣ SUBMIT¼ anΣ ZE╪ i≤ als∩ likσ aε enhanceΣ ì SUBMI╘á bu⌠á i⌠ place≤ it≤ executablσ tex⌠ int∩ memor∙á anΣá run≤ ì mucΦ faster. LRUN┌ i≤ ß CO═ filσ extractor« I⌠ work≤ iε conjunctioε witΦ ì thσ Librar∙ Utilit∙ (LU⌐ prograφ anΣ caε extrac⌠ ß CO═ filσá froφ ì COMMAND.LB╥á anΣ theε ruε it«á Iε essence¼á LRUN┌ a≤ aε ExtendeΣ ì CommanΣ Processo≥ act≤ a≤ ß mediar∙ betweeε ß CO═ filσ storeΣá iε ì COMMAND.LB╥á anΣ ZCPR2«á Iε thi≤ case¼á iµ thσ origina∞á commanΣ ì was: XXX╪ THI╙ I╙ IT anΣá XXXX.CO═ wa≤ no⌠ found¼á theε CMDRU╬ (LRUNZ⌐ woulΣ bσ execuì ted¼á finΣá XXXX.CO═ iε COMMAND.LB╥ (afte≥ searchinτ thσá commanΣ ì searcΦ patΦ fo≥ COMMAND.LBR)¼ simulatinτ thi≤ command: LRUN┌ XXX╪ THI╙ I╙ IT Oncσá LRUN┌ locateΣ XXXX.CO═ iε COMMAND.LBR¼á i⌠ woulΣá loaΣ ì XXXX.CO═ anΣ pas≤ t∩ i⌠ thi≤ commanΣ line: THI╙ I╙ IT Thσá SUB2¼á ZEX¼á anΣ LRUN┌ program≤ arσ describeΣá iεá morσ ì detail in the User's Guide. Thσá followinτ i≤ ß termina∞ sessioε illustratinτ thσ usσ oµ ì ZEX as an Extended Command Processor: B1>; B1>; I will illustrate the use of ZEX as the Extended B1>; Command Processor. To do this, CMDRUN.COM must be B1>; created from the file ZEX.COM, and the name of the B1>; desired command file(s) must be made different from any B1>; corresponding COM file: B1>; B1>a0: A>pip cmdrun.com=zex.com[r] A>dir *.com CMDRUN .COM A>1: A1>; A1>; Since I have M80.ZEX and M80.COM, I want M80.ZEX to be A1>; unique so that a COM file won't be picked up before the A1>; ZEX file is run: A1>; A1>pip masm.zex=m80.zex A1>b: B1>; B1>; Now to illustrate by creating and assembling a program B1>; B1>ed demo.mac NEW FILE : *i 1: ext cline 2: ext pstr 3: lxi h,80h ;pt to command line from OS 4: call cline ;get command line 5: call pstr ;print it 6: ret 7: 8: end 9: : *e B1>; B1>; Now to use the MASM.ZEX file as tho it were a COM file. B1>; In the next command line, "time" is TIME.COM and "masm" B1>; is MASM.ZEX: B1>; B1>time;masm demo;time TIME Version 1.1 7:18:55 AM on Tuesday December 21, 1982 ZEX, Version 1.1 (ZEX Active) B1>; M80.SUB -- MACRO-80 Assembler and Linker B1>M80 =DEMO No Fatal error(s) (ZEX Active) B1>; Please Type ^C if Error(s) Exist - B1>ERA DEMO.BAK DEMO .BAK B1>ERA DEMO.COM No File B1>L80 /P:100,DEMO,A:SYSLIB/S,DEMO/N,/U,/E Link-80 3.44 09-Dec-81 Copyright (c) 1981 Microsoft Data 0100 02C4 < 452> 35668 Bytes Free Data 0100 02C4 < 452> 35668 Bytes Free [0000 02C4 2] (ZEX Active) B1>ERA DEMO.REL DEMO .REL B1>; Assembly Complete B1>TIME TIME Version 1.1 7:20:02 AM on Tuesday December 21, 1982 B1> (ZEX Completed) By Your Command >dir DEMO .MAC | DEMO .COM B1>demo this is a test THIS IS A TEST B1>; B1>; End of Demo B1>; 7.0 Redirectable I/O 7.1 The Concept Redirectablσá Input/Outputô refer≤ t∩ thσ abilit∙ oµ thσ CP/═ ì use≥á t∩á switcΦá t∩ differen⌠ Input/Outpu⌠á device≤á durinτá thσ ì coursσ oµ ß CP/═ session« Optionall∙ implementeΣ througΦ thσ I/╧ ì Byte¼ I/╧ unde≥ CP/═ support≤ fou≥ logica∞ devices¼ namely: ┴ Consolσ (CON:)¼ whicΦ i≤ aε input/outpu⌠ device A Printer (LST:), which is an output-only device A Reader (RDR:), which is usually an input-only device A Punch (PUN:), which is usually an output-only device EacΦá oµá thesσá fou≥ logica∞ device≤ ma∙ havσ an∙á onσá oµá fou≥ ì physica∞ device≤ assigneΣ t∩ them¼á givinτ thσ use≥ u≡ t∩ sixteeε ì physica∞á device≤á hσ ma∙ worδ with«á Thσ reade≥ i≤á inviteΣá t∩ ì refe≥á t∩ thσ CP/═ 2.▓ Alteratioε Guideô b∙ Digita∞á ResearcΦá fo≥ ì furthe≥ information. Thσá I/╧ Bytσ (a⌠ memor∙ locatioε 3⌐ i≤ useΣ t∩ specif∙á thσ ì assignmen⌠á oµá thesσá devices«á I⌠ i≤ divideΣ int∩á fou≥á 2-bi⌠ ì fields¼á eacΦ fielΣ associateΣ witΦ ß logica∞ devicσ anΣ eacΦá oµ ì thσá fou≥á bi⌠ combination≤ (00¼á 01¼á 10¼á 11⌐ withiε thσá fielΣ ì associateΣ witΦ ß physica∞ device«á Thσ STA╘ commanΣ i≤ useΣá t∩ ì makσ mnemoniπ assignment≤ t∩ thσ variou≤ devices¼á a≤ iε command≤ ì likσá "STA╘á CON:=CRT:"«á Thσá followinτá tablσá summarize≤á thσ ì logica∞á anΣ physica∞ devicσ assignment≤ anΣ mnemonic≤á availablσ ì through the I/O Byte: I/O Byte Assignments Logical Device --> LST: | PUN: | RDR: | CON: Bit Position --> 7 6 | 5 4 | 3 2 | 1 0 Physical Assignment | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- 0 00 Binary | TTY: | TTY: | TTY: | TTY: 1 01 Binary | CRT: | PTP: | PTR: | CRT: 2 10 Binary | LPT: | UP1: | UR1: | BAT: 3 11 Binary | UL1: | UP2: | UR2: | UC1: I/O Byte Devices Physical Device Typical Meaning TTY: Teletype CRT: Cathode Ray Tube Terminal BAT║ BatcΦ Processo≥ (RDR=in¼ LST=out) UC1: User-Defined Console PTR: Paper Tape Reader UR1:, UR2: User-Defined Reader Devices PTP: Paper Tape Punch UP1:, UP2: User-Defined Punch Devices LPT: Line Printer UL1: User-Defined List Device è Hence¼á b∙á usinτ thσ STA╘ command¼á thσ CP/═ 2.▓á use≥á ma∙ ì reassigεá thσá physica∞á device≤ t∩ hi≤á logica∞á devices¼á usinτ ì differen⌠á device≤á froφá timσ t∩ timσ witΦá hi≤á systeφá withou⌠ ì actuall∙ changinτ thσ hardwarσ configuration«á Fo≥ instance¼á m∙ ì systeφá come≤á u≡ witΦ CON:=CRT:¼á anΣ thσ CR╘ i≤á thσá principa∞ ì consolσá device¼á bu⌠ ╔ caε changσ i⌠ wheε ╔ wisΦ t∩ m∙á printinτ ì termina∞á b∙á issuinτ thσ commanΣ "STA╘ CON:=TTY:"¼á si⌠á a⌠á thσ ì printinτ termina∞ a≤ th∩ ╔ wa≤ a⌠ thσ CRT¼á and¼á wheεá finished¼ ì movσ bacδ t∩ thσ CR╘ b∙ issuinτ thσ commanΣ "STA╘ CON:=CRT:". 7.2 A More Flexible Redirectable I/O System Unde≥ ZCPR2¼á ╔ havσ implementeΣ ß slightl∙ differen⌠ schemσ ì fo≥ redirectablσ I/O«á A≤ pe≥ thσ ZCPR▓ norm¼á yo⌡ ma∙ selec⌠ t∩ ì continuσá usinτ you≥ olΣ schemσ o≥ switcΦ t∩ thi≤ ne≈á one«á Thσ ì concep⌠ oµ thi≤ ne≈ schemσ follows. First¼ thσ BIO╙ a≤ loadeΣ froφ thσ systeφ track≤ oµ thσ disδ ì contain≤á onl∙á ß fe≈ primitivσ I/╧ drivers«á Onl∙ thσ CR╘ a≤á ß ì consolσ i≤ enabled¼á anΣ thσ reader¼á punch¼ anΣ lis⌠ device≤ arσ ì assigned to the CRT. No redirection is permitted at this time. Second¼á thσá BIO╙ i≤ structureΣ witΦ al∞ thσ I/╧ entrie≤ iε ì it≤á jum≡ tablσ branchinτ t∩ ß seconΣ jum≡ tablσ (whicΦ i≤á initì ializeΣá b∙ thσ ColΣ Boo⌠ Routine)«á Thi≤ seconΣ jum≡á tablσá i≤ ì placeΣá oε ß pagσ boundar∙ a⌠ thσ beginninτ oµ ß 1K-bytσá scratcΦ ì area«á I⌠á i≤á iεá thi≤ 1K-bytσ scratcΦ areß tha⌠á thσá physica∞ ì devicσ driver≤ fo≥ m∙ systeφ reside« Thσ recommendatioε oµ ß 1K-ì bytσ areß i≤ ß minimum«á ╔ havσ implementeΣ ß 2K-bytσ areß whicΦ ì i≤á largσá enougΦ t∩ suppor⌠ almos⌠ anythinτ ╔ caεá conceivσá of¼ ì includinτ redirectioε t∩ disk« Picturσ follows: Sample BIOS Structure Base of BIOS --> ------------------------------------ (Lower Memory) | Jump for Cold and Warm Boots | | Console Status Jump to IOBASE+12 | | Console Input Jump to IOBASE+15 | | Console Output Jump to IOBASE+18 | | List Output Jump to IOBASE+21 | | Punch Output Jump to IOBASE+24 | | Reader Input Jump to IOBASE+27 | | Jumps for Disk I/O | | List Status Jump to IOBASE+30 | | Jump for Sector Translation | End of Jump Table ->|----------------------------------| | Body of BIOS, Containing: | | Cold and Warm Boot Routines | | Disk I/O Routines | | Sector Translation Routine | IOBASE -> |----------------------------------| (On Page Boundary, | Jump to Status Routine | 1K Bytes in Size) | Jump to Device Select Routine | | Jump to Device Name Routine | | Jump to Package Init Routine | IOBASE + 12 --> | Jump to Console Status | IOBASE + 15 --> | Jump to Console Input | IOBASE + 18 --> | Jump to Console Output | IOBASE + 21 --> | Jump to List Output | IOBASE + 24 --> | Jump to Punch Output | IOBASE + 27 --> | Jump to Reader Input | IOBASE + 30 --> | Jump to List Status | IOBASE + 33 --> | Jump to New I/O Routine | End of Jump Table ->|----------------------------------| | Body of Redirectable I/O Driver | | Package Containing the Routines | | Jumped to Starting at IOBASE | End of BIOS --> ------------------------------------ 7.3 What the Redirectable I/O System Buys You A≤ thσ reade≥ caε see¼á CP/═ compatabilit∙ i≤ maintaineΣá iε ì tha⌠á therσ arσ stil∞ onl∙ fou≥ logica∞ devices«á Thesσ arσá thσ ì Consolσ (CON:)¼á Printe≥ (LST:)¼ Reade≥ (RDR:)¼ anΣ PuncΦ (PUN:)« ì Wha⌠á thσá reade≥á ma∙á no⌠ seσ ye⌠ i≤ tha⌠á thσá restrictioεá oµ ì assigninτá onl∙á fou≥ physica∞ device≤ t∩ eacΦ oµá thesσá logica∞ ì device≤ i≤ no≈ gonσ a≤ wel∞ a≤ thσ rathe≥ obscurσ name≤ giveεá t∩ ì thσ physica∞ device≤ (sucΦ a≤ UR1:¼ UC1:¼ BAT:¼ etc). Thσá designe≥ oµ thi≤ systeφ doe≤ no⌠ neeΣ t∩ pa∙á attentioε ì t∩ thσ structurσ oµ thσ I/╧ Bytσ a≤ defineΣ b∙ Digita∞á Research« ì Instead¼ hσ caε structurσ thσ I/╧ Bytσ an∙ wa∙ hσ choose≤ o≥ eveε ì selec⌠á ßá differen⌠ structure¼á sucΦ a≤ ß 2-bytσá I/╧á Word¼á t∩ ì contro∞ hi≤ redirectablσ I/O. è Environments such as the following can be implemented: No Reader or Punch Devices are available The LST: Device may be any of the following: 1) the Printing Terminal 2) the CRT 3) a Line Printer 4) a Modem 5) a Link to Another Computer 6) a Disk File The CON: Device may be any of the following: 1) the Printing Terminal (TTY) 2) the CRT 3) a Modem 4) a Link to Another Computer 5) CRT Input and CRT and Modem Output 6) CRT Input and CRT and Remote Computer Output 7) CRT Input and CRT and Disk File Output 8) TTY Input and TTY and Modem Output 9) TTY Input and TTY and Remote Computer Output 10) TTY Input and TTY and Disk File Output A≤ thσ reade≥ caε see¼ ╔ no≈ havσ ╢ LST║ device≤ anΣ 1░ CON║ ì device≤á (whicΦá i≤ quitσ ß bi⌠ morσ flexiblσ thaε havinτ onl∙á ┤ ì LST║á device≤ anΣ ┤ CON║ devices)« Also¼ ╢ device≤ require≤ onl∙ ì │á bit≤á t∩ represen⌠ theφ (0-5⌐ anΣ 1░ device≤ require≤á onl∙á ┤ ì bit≤ t∩ represen⌠ theφ (0-9)¼ s∩ onl∙ onσ bytσ i≤ requireΣ fo≥ aε ì I/╧ Byte. Thσá Redirectablσá I/╧ Driver≤ contaiε threσá routine≤á (thσ ì firs⌠á threσ iε thσ jum≡ tablσ startinτ a⌠ IOBASE⌐ whicΦá providσ ì the following functions: 1) STATUS -- Tell≤ thσ callinτ prograφ ho≈ man∙á physica∞ ì áááááááááááááááádevice≤á arσ availablσ fo≥ thσá CON:¼á LST:¼ ì ááááááááááááááááRDR:¼á anΣá PUN║á logica∞ device≤ anΣá whicΦ ì ááááááááááááááááphysica∞á devicσá i≤ currentl∙á assigneΣá t∩ ì ááááááááááááááááeacΦ oµ thσ logica∞ devices ááá2) SELECT --áAllow≤á ß callinτ prograφ t∩ assigε ß physiì ááááááááááááááááca∞ devicσ t∩ ß logica∞ device. ááá3) NAMER --áReturn≤ t∩ thσ callinτ prograφ ß pointe≥á t∩ ì ááááááááááááááááßá tex⌠á strinτ whicΦ describe≤á ßá physica∞ ì áááááááááááááááádevice«á Thσ callinτ prograφ passe≤ t∩ thi≤ ì áááááááááááááááároutinσá thσá logica∞á devicσá anΣá physica∞ ì áááááááááááááááádevicσ numbers. Thσá STATU╙ routinσ require≤ n∩ input≤ anΣ return≤ ß pointe≥ ì t∩ ß tablσ iε HL«á Thi≤ tablσ i≤ structureΣ a≤ ß serie≤ oµá fou≥ ì bytσá pairs«á Thσá firs⌠ bytσ pai≥ i≤ associateΣ witΦá thσá CON║ ì device¼á thσ seconΣ witΦ thσ RDR║ device¼ thσ thirΣ witΦ thσ PUN║ ì device¼á anΣ thσ fourtΦ witΦ thσ LST║á device« Thσ firs⌠ bytσ oµ ì eacΦ pai≥ contain≤ thσ numbe≥ oµ physica∞ device≤ tha⌠ thσ logicì a∞á devicσ ma∙ bσ assigneΣ t∩ (thi≤ numbe≥ i≤ iε thσ rangσ froφ ░ ì t∩ 255)« Thσ seconΣ bytσ oµ eacΦ pai≥ contain≤ thσ numbe≥ oµ thσ ì physica∞ devicσ currentl∙ assigneΣ t∩ thσ logica∞ devicσ (iεá thσ ì rangσ froφ ░ t∩ numbe≥ oµ device≤ - 1). Summary: STATUS Routine Table Structure Count Assignment Device Byte Number Byte Number CON: 0 1 RDR: 2 3 PUN: 4 5 LST: 6 7 Example: STABLE: DB 6,2 ;6 Devices, Device 2 (3rd Device) ; Assigned to CON: DB 0,0 ;No RDR: Devices DB 0,0 ;No PUN: Devices DB 10,5 ;10 Devices, Device 5 (6th Device) ; Assigned to LST: Thσá SELEC╘ routinσ i≤ useΣ t∩ assigε ß physica∞ devicσ t∩ ß ì logica∞á device«á I⌠á i≤ calleΣ witΦ thσ logica∞á devicσá numbe≥ ì (wherσ CON║á i≤ 0¼á RDR║ i≤ 1¼ PUN║ i≤ 2¼ anΣ LST║ i≤ 3⌐ iε thσ ┬ ì Registe≥ anΣ thσ physica∞ devicσ numbe≥ iε thσ ├á register«á SEì LEC╘á return≤ witΦ thσ Zer∩ Flaτ Se⌠ (Z⌐ iµ aε invaliΣá selectioε ì wa≤ madσ (sucΦ a≤ ┬ ╛ │ o≥ ├ ╛ ma° devicσ number)« Example: MVI B,0 ;Select CON: MVI C,4 ;Physical Device 4 CALL IOBASE+3 ;SELECT Routine JZ DEVERR ;Error Handler MVI B,3 ;Select LST: MVI C,2 ;Physical Device 2 CALL IOBASE+3 ;SELECT Routine JZ DEVERR ;Error Handler Finally¼á thσ NAME╥ routinσ i≤ usσ t∩ returε t∩ thσ calle≥ ß ì tex⌠ strinτ (ß vecto≥ oµ ASCI╔ character≤ terminateΣ b∙ ßá binar∙ ì 0⌐á whicΦ describe≤ thσ physica∞ devicσ requested«á Oε input¼á ┬ ì contain≤á thσ logica∞ devicσ numbe≥ anΣ ├ contain≤á thσá physica∞ ì devicσ numbe≥ (a≤ iε thσ SELEC╘ routine)«á Oε output¼á H╠ point≤ ì t∩á thσ strinτ anΣ thσ Zer∩ Flaτ i≤ Se⌠ (Z⌐ iµ aε invaliΣá selecì tioε wa≤ made« Thi≤ returneΣ tex⌠ strinτ i≤ contain≤ thσ mnemonì iπ namσ oµ thσ devicσ (u≡ t∩ eigh⌠ character≤ long⌐ followeΣ b∙ ß ì spacσá anΣ an∙ desireΣ tex⌠ whicΦ describe≤ thσ attribute≤ oµ thσ ì physica∞ device« Example: MVI B,0 ;Select CON: MVI C,2 ;Physical Device 2 CALL IOBASE+6 ;NAMER Routine JZ DEVERR ;Error Handler CALL PRINT ;Print String pted to by HL May result in the following text being printed: MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem Notσá tha⌠á thi≤á conform≤ t∩ entr∙ │ (Physica∞ Devicσ ▓á i≤á thσ ì thirΣ device⌐ iε m∙ tablσ ß couplσ oµ page≤ back. T∩á pu⌠á thi≤ al∞ together¼á thσ prograφ calleΣá DEVICE▓á i≤ ì provideΣ witΦ thσ ZCPR▓ System«á I⌠ perform≤ thσ followinτ funcì tions: o Returns the Names of All Physical Devices o Returns the Names of only the Physical Devices Associated with a Particular Logical Device o Allows the User to Assign a Physical Device to a Logical Device T∩á illustratσá thi≤ concep⌠ iε general¼á pleasσá stud∙á thσ ì followinτá termina∞á session«á Thi≤á i≤ aε olde≥ versioεá oµá m∙ ì curren⌠ system¼á thσ maiε differencσ beinτ tha⌠ m∙ curren⌠ systeφ ì support≤á redirectioεá t∩ disδ file≤ a≤ wel∞ a≤ mos⌠ oµá thσá enì vironmen⌠ giveε iε thσ followinτ example. B7>; B7>; This is a sample terminal session illustrating the DEVICE2 B7>; Program and how Redirectable I/O can work under ZCPR2 B7>; B7>device2 // DEVICE2, Version 1.0 DEVICE is a program which enables the user to manipulate the extended ZCPR2 redirectable device drivers. It allows the user to perform the following functions: Display the Names of the Current Devices Set One or More of the Current Devices The format of the DEVICE command is: DEVICE <-- Enter Interac DEVICE // <-- Ask for Help DEVICE Command,Command, ... <-- Issue Command where "command" may take the following forms: DISPLAY=ALL <-- Display Names of All Devices DISPLAY=CON <-- Display Names of Consoles DISPLAY=LST <-- Display Names of Printers DISPLAY=RDR <-- Display Names of Readers DISPLAY=PUN <-- Display Names of Punches CON:=name <-- Select Console LST:=name <-- Select Printer RDR:=name <-- Select Reader PUN:=name <-- Select Punch B7>device2 display=all DEVICE2, Version 1.0 CON: Devices -- CRTREM Televideo 950 CRT Input and CRT/Remote Output CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Parallel CRT Televideo 950 CRT TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Paral RDR: Devices -- CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph CRTMOD CRT or Modem Input with CRT Output MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer Current Assignment: CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph Strike Any Key to Continue -- PUN: Devices -- CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph CRTREM CRT and Remote Computer Output MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer Current Assignment: CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph LST: Devices -- MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer CRT Televideo 950 CRT TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal B7>; B7>; Interactive Mode allows the user to repeatedly perform B7>; functions B7>; B7>device2 DEVICE2, Version 1.0 DEVICE2 Interactive Command System Type ? and Strike RETURN for Help DEVICE2 Command? ? DEVICE2 Commands are of the form: Command,Command, ... <-- Issue Commands where "command" may take the following forms: DISPLAY=ALL <-- Display Names of All Devices DISPLAY=CON <-- Display Names of Consoles DISPLAY=LST <-- Display Names of Printers DISPLAY=RDR <-- Display Names of Readers DISPLAY=PUN <-- Display Names of Punches CON:=name <-- Select Console LST:=name <-- Select Printer RDR:=name <-- Select Reader PUN:=name <-- Select Punch A command line beginning with a semicolon (;) is a comment. The X Command Exits DEVICE2. DEVICE2 Command? ; Note that DEVICE2 commands may be abbreviated DEVICE2 Command? display=con CON: Devices -- CRTREM Televideo 950 CRT Input and CRT/Remote Output CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Parallel CRT Televideo 950 CRT TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Paral DEVICE2 Command? d=c CON: Devices -- CRTREM Televideo 950 CRT Input and CRT/Remote Output CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Parallel CRT Televideo 950 CRT TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Paral DEVICE2 Command? ; Note that DEVICE2 commands may be stacked DEVICE2 Command? d=c,display list CON: Devices -- CRTREM Televideo 950 CRT Input and CRT/Remote Output CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Parallel CRT Televideo 950 CRT TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: CRTMOD Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Parallel LST: Devices -- MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer CRT Televideo 950 CRT TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: TTY Model 43 Printing Terminal DEVICE2 Command? ; The Display command is delimited by space or = DEVICE2 Command? ; The assignments commands are not, however DEVICE2 Command? d punch PUN: Devices -- CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph CRTREM CRT and Remote Computer Output MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer Current Assignment: CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph DEVICE2 Command? pun:=modem DEVICE2 Command? d p PUN: Devices -- CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph CRTREM CRT and Remote Computer Output MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer Current Assignment: MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem DEVICE2 Command? p=crtrem,d p PUN: Devices -- CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph CRTREM CRT and Remote Computer Output MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer Current Assignment: CRTREM CRT and Remote Computer Output DEVICE2 Command? punch=clock,display punch PUN: Devices -- CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph CRTREM CRT and Remote Computer Output MODEM DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE Remote Computer Current Assignment: CLOCK DC Hayes Chronograph DEVICE2 Command? x B7>; B7>; End of Demo B7>; è 7.4 Loading Redirectable I/O Drivers at Cold Boot Time Thσá ColΣ Boo⌠ Routinσ iε thσ maiε bod∙ oµ thσ BIO╙ initialì ize≤á thσ I/╧ packagσ startinτ a⌠ IOBASE¼á providinτá aεá initia∞ ì jum≡ tablσ anΣ aε initia∞ se⌠ oµ routines. Again¼á iε m∙ system¼ oncσ thσ ColΣ Boo⌠ Routinσ ha≤ finishì ed¼á i⌠á passe≤ contro∞ t∩ ZCPR2«á Onσ oµ thσ thing≤ i⌠ ha≤ donσ ì beforσ i⌠ passe≤ control¼á however¼á i≤ t∩ storσ aε initia∞á comì mand¼ STARTUP¼ iε thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffer« ZCPR▓ start≤ ì up¼á see≤á thi≤á commanΣ iε it≤ buffer¼á anΣ execute≤á it«á Upoε ì execution¼á STARTU╨ load≤ thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffe≥ witΦ ß ì serie≤ oµ commands¼ which¼ iε m∙ case¼ are: IOLOADER -- Load SYSIO.IO into the Redirectable I/O Buffer Starting at IOBASE LD LD -- Load the Named Directory LD.DIR into the Memory-Based Named Directory Buffer TINIT -- Program my Televideo 950 CRT with the Configuration found in STD.CFG ECHO msg -- Print a Welcome Message to the User Oµ interes⌠ fo≥ thi≤ discussioε i≤ thσ functioε performeΣ b∙ ì IOLOADER«á Generall∙ speaking¼á IOLOADE╥ searche≤ alonτ thσ comì manΣá searcΦ patΦ fo≥ ß filσ containinτ Redirectablσ I/╧á Driver≤ ì anΣá load≤ thσ drivers¼á wheε found¼á int∩ thσ buffe≥ startinτ a⌠ ì IOBASE« Al∞ sucΦ file≤ havσ ß filσ typσ oµ IO¼ anΣ ╔ caε havσ a≤ ì man∙á sucΦ set≤ oµ I/╧ driver≤ a≤ ╔ desire«á Iµ IOLOADE╥ i≤á no⌠ ì giveε ß filσ name¼ i⌠ searche≤ fo≥ SYSIO.IO╗ iµ IOLOADE╥ i≤ giveε ì ßá filσ name¼á a≤ iε "IOLOADE╥ DISKIO"¼á i⌠ searche≤á fo≥á "fileì name.IOó (DISKIO.IO). Oncσá IOLOADE╥ ha≤ completeΣ it≤ load¼á i⌠ call≤ thσá drive≥ ì initializatioε routinσ a⌠ IOBASE+╣ anΣ return≤ t∩ ZCPR▓ wheε thi≤ ì routinσ i≤ finished«á Thσ initializatioε routinσ perform≤á whatì eve≥ devicσ initialization≤ arσ desired. Al∞ oµ thesσ command≤ arσ discusseΣ iε detai∞ iε thσá User'≤ ì Guide«á Pleasσá notσ tha⌠ thesσ program≤ arσ stil∞ beinτ refineΣ ì (prio≥ t∩ releasσ oµ ZCPR2)¼á anΣ the∙ ma∙ perforφ slightl∙ diffì erentl∙á thaεá advertiseΣ iε thi≤ Concept≤á Manual«á Thσá User'≤ ì Guidσá identifie≤ thσ program≤ tha⌠ i⌠ discusse≤ b∙ versioεá numì ber¼á anΣá i⌠ wil∞ bσ prepareΣ a≤ thσ program≤ arσ finalizeΣá fo≥ ì release. Fo≥á mucΦá morσ technica∞ informatioε oε thσ content≤á oµá ß ì Redirectablσá Devicσ Drive≥ Package¼á looδ a⌠ thσ sourcσ codσá t∩ ì SYSIO.ASM«á Thi≤á i≤ thσ sourcσ t∩ thσ standarΣ packagσ whicΦá ╔ ì usσ oε m∙ maiε microcomputer. This Page Intentionally Left Blank