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- Life Beyond the Z80
- by Howard Moftich
-
- Since the Z80 was introduced in the 1970s, it has become the most widely
- used 8-bit microprocessor in the world. Of the millions used each year,
- most are destined for CP/M machines. (CP/M was originally developed for
- the Intel 8080, but the Z80 is a significantly better processor and its
- instruction repertoire is a superset of the 8080, so it will run the
- same programs.)
-
- In the past few years, the Z80 has lost its prominence to the Intel
- 8088/86 series of 16-bit processors, which form the heart of the MS/PC
- DOS machines, and are not software compatible with Z80-based machines.
- The 16-bit processors can address more memory than the Z80, which is
- limited to 64K. This larger addressable memory allows for faster
- operation of application programs because more of the program resides in
- memory rather than sitting on a disk which must be accessed (compare the
- speed of operation of WordStar with memory resident editors like VDO).
-
- Recently, Hitachi of Japan has introduced a new microprocessor called
- the HD64180. This processor is completely software compatible with the
- Z80 (and therefore all CP/M) programs. The new chip goes far beyond the
- capabilities of the original Z80 by incorporating several peripheral
- chips into its design. The most significant of these additional
- capabilities is the ability to address 512K bytes of memory. This
- additional space can be used for RAM disk or an application. Other
- goodies that are built into the chip are two Direct Memory Access (DMA)
- controllers, two Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI's), a high speed
- serial port and two programmable timers. Previously, all of these
- capabilities would have required five big chips to handle all the work
- and lots of small chips to glue the system together. The new chip
- realizes very large savings in the space taken up on a printed circuit
- board and the amount of power consumed. The 64180, with all its
- capabilities, uses about 10% of the power of a standard Z80 all by
- itself.
-
- The DMA controllers allow very high speed transfer of information from
- the floppy disk, SCI's or memory without the processor's supervision.
- This speeds the movement of data because the processor is quite slow
- compared to the DMA. The SCI's allow the ability to hook up a video
- terminal and/or any other type of serial device such as a modem. The
- High Speed Serial Port is used to allow one 64180 to communicate rapidly
- with another, or perhaps even with a slave processor that is controlling
- another part of the system. Lastly, the Programmable Timer permits real
- time control of events or can be used as a real time clock. Hitachi has
- also designed the 64180 so that it requires less time to complete most
- instructions than a standard Z80. All these capabilities point to a
- system that is faster and more compact than a Z80 system could ever hope
- to be.
-
- Several companies have already brought to market single board computers
- based on the 64180. The first is the SB180 from Micromint. Although
- most people believe that it originally appeared as a project in BYTE
- magazine, the basic design came from Hitachi back in late 1984. The
- SB180 is a slightly upgraded version of the original design (remember,
- you heard it here first!). The board measures only 4 inches by 7 inches
- and a complete 2-drive system (minus the video terminal) using 3.5"
- drives can fit in a child's lunch box. The second system is a drop-in
- replacement for the Kaypro motherboard and supports color graphics and
- almost everything else under the sun. [Ed. note: For specs, price list,
- and a discussion of the Z-system operating system, see SB180.TQT in area
- B5 of the BOSKUG bulletin board. Or write Micromint, 25 Terrace Dr.,
- Vernon, CT 06066, (203) 871-6170.
-
- Nor is this the end of the enhanced Z80 saga. I hope soon to be
- reporting about another Z80 compatible chip, the Zilog Z800. If the
- 64180 is a "superchip," then the Z800 is an "ultrachip." Originally
- planned for 1981, we finally expect to see it early this year. The
- preliminary information indicates that this processor will use design
- concepts normally found only in 16 and 32 bit processors, a clock speed
- of up to 25 Mhz (the fast Kaypros run at 5 Mhz and the basic PC-AT runs
- at 6 Mhz), and will come in a version that will address 512K of memory
- and an enhanced version that will address 16 Megabytes of memory.
-
- Howard Moftich is an electrical engineer who designs radar signal
- processors and microcomputer hardware.
- ...from ONKUG, Newsdiskette to Kaypro Users Groups, Volume 2, Number 2.