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- Document 0715
- DOCN M9620715
- TI Pharmacokinetic optimisation of antiretroviral therapy in patients with
- HIV infection.
- DT 9602
- AU Stretcher BN; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
- University of; Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
- SO Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995 Jul;29(1):46-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
- MED/96065832
- AB More than 7 years after the introduction of zidovudine for treatment of
- HIV infection, little use has been made of the pharmacokinetic
- properties of this or any of the subsequently approved antiretroviral
- agents to optimise therapy. This is partly because of the limits of
- technologies developed to measure clinically relevant forms and
- concentrations of these drugs, and partly because the clinical community
- has been slow to recognise the potential benefits of pharmacokinetic
- optimisation of nucleoside analogue therapy in any disease. Nonetheless,
- for some of these agents, progress in understanding the relationship
- between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been made. With
- zidovudine, for example, even though plasma concentrations have little
- clinical utility, evidence suggests that concentrations of active
- phosphorylated forms of zidovudine inside target cells are related to
- disease progression and toxicity. Furthermore, a decreased ability to
- phosphorylate zidovudine might be a prerequisite for the emergence of
- zidovudine-resistant HIV strains. Measurements of phosphorylated
- zidovudine inside cells similarly suggest that 100 mg of oral zidovudine
- every 8 hours approximates the optimal initial dosage regimen in
- asymptomatic patients. Increased plasma didanosine concentrations have
- been associated with several measures of clinical improvement in
- patients, and may be associated with an increased risk of toxicity as
- well. For zalcitabine and stavudine, however, the picture is much less
- clear. Their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships have not
- been studied in patients. Furthermore, there is insufficient data on the
- effects of age, gender, race and concurrent underlying conditions on the
- pharmacokinetics of all of these agents. Mounting evidence suggests that
- monitoring of these compounds could lead to individually optimised
- intervention strategies. Given the marginal benefits of therapy with
- these agents, their proven toxic effects and the lack of proven
- alternatives, it is critical that the clinical community strive to make
- the most effective use of these agents in the treatment of their
- patients.
- DE Aging/METABOLISM Antineoplastic Agents/ADMINISTRATION &
- DOSAGE/PHARMACOKINETICS/ THERAPEUTIC USE Antiviral
- Agents/BLOOD/*PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE
- Didanosine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE Drug Interactions
- Guidelines Human HIV Infections/*DRUG THERAPY/METABOLISM
- Phosphorylation Racial Stocks Sex Characteristics
- Stavudine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE
- Zalcitabine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE
- Zidovudine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE JOURNAL ARTICLE
- REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
-
- SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
- protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).
-
-