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1991-11-15
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KWIKSTAT Program Help Screens
@1,How to Enter Data:Keyboard, or from dBASE III file
@3,How to Use data from a dBASE III file
@4,Setup of the default file path
@5,How KWIKSTAT works
@6,Utilities Module, Reports, Import from 1-2-3
@7,Descriptive Statistics
@8,t-test and ANOVA, paired or independent groups
@9,Non-Parametric Comparisons
@10,Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Regression
@11,Correlation
@12,Life Tables and Survival Analysis
@13,Shareware and Registration Explained
##1
KWIKSTAT
--------
HOW TO ENTER DATA
Data may be entered from the keyboard, or from an ASCII text file. Data
already stored in a dBASE III or IV file may also be used.
ENTERING DATA FROM THE KEYBOARD
1. CREATE THE STRUCTURE OF YOUR DATABASE by selecting the "CREATE"
option in the DATA pull-down menu. Define names for each variable, maximum
width of the field, and type of variable. (Character or Numeric).
2. ENTER DATA by choosing the Enter Data option on the DATA pull-down menu.
3. EDIT DATA by choosing the EDIT option on the DATA pull-down menu.
4. CREATE NEW VARIABLES by choosing the TRANSFORM option on the DATA
pull-down menu.
##2
ENTERING DATA FROM AN ASCII TEXT FILE
Create a database structure using the CREATE option. This structure should
match the columns of data in the data file. For example, your data is in a
file named "MYDATA.TXT". A database structure could be created using the
following format:
Field Type Width Dec
NAME C 10
AGE N 2 0
BDATE D 8
^ ^ ^ ^
│ │ │ └─────────────Number of decimals in numeric data
│ │ └───────────────────Columns where data is found
│ └─────────────────────────Data type
└────────────────────────────────Variable (field) name
This means NAME is in columns 1-10, AGE in 11-12 and BDATE in 13-21.
NOTICE:The format MUST be inclusive of all columns. DO NOT SKIP COLUMNS when
specifying where data is located.
##3
ENTERING DATA FROM A DBASE III or VI FILE
KWIKSTAT reads data directly from dBASE III and IV files. In each module, you
may specify which dBASE file to use. The module will display all ".DBF" files
in the default path by listing them in a pick box. To choose the database to
use, press the up or down arrow keys to highlight the name of a database,
then press Enter.
You may also call files from other directories using drive and path names.
For example, if you wish to access a file in the subdirectory named DB3,
press the F2 key when the database list appears. You will then be able to
specify another path for the program to search, enter \DB3. A new pick list
will appear containing the names of the .DBF files in the \DB3 directory.
##4
SET UP DEFAULT DISK PATH OR DISK DRIVE
In the Main KWIKSTAT module (pull-down menus), select the CHANGE SETUP
OPTIONS on the HELPS pull-down menu to set up the default disk drive or path,
select monitor colors, printer and other setup criteria.
When asked to enter the default directory, just press Enter without entering
any specification if the data is stored in the same drive as the program (the
default directory). Otherwise, you can specify another subdirectory, such as
"MYDIR". To do this, enter
\MYDIR\ or C:\MYDIR\
To use the B: drive as the default directory, enter the specification
B:\
##5 HOW KWIKSTAT WORKS
Module KWIKSTAT features in this module
------ ---------------------------------------------------------
MAIN MENU Create a database, enter and edit data, set-up options
UTILITY Reports, output ASCII files, edit images, import 1-2-3 data
STATISTICS Descriptive statistics and graphs
AOV1 T-tests, one-way analysis of variance, repeated measures
NONPAR Nonparametric comparison tests
REG Simple and Multiple Linear Regression
CROS Crosstabs, Frequencies, Goodness-of-fit, Pictograph, Pie Chart
LIFE Survival analysis, Life tables
AOV2 Two-way analysis of variance, repeated measures (KWIKSTAT PLUS)
TIME Time Series Analysis (KWIKSTAT PLUS)
SIMU Simulations and Concepts
##6
KWIKSTAT UTILITY MODULE
KWIKSTAT allows you to create and output data to the file or printer in the
UTIL Module.
o Output a listing of the data in the dataset (or a selected subset of the
database). In this procedure you may specify column headings, inclusion of
record number on the report, width and length of a page, and report title.
A selection procedure is ued to output a report on a subset of the database.
o Output the data into a standard ASCII TEXT file. This is useful for
transferring the data to other programs. Along with the output of data, you
may also output a "format" file, which describes the contents of the text
file.
o Import data from 1-2-3 files.
##7
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
In the STATISTICS module, you are allowed to examine summary statistics of
the data in the database and produce graphs:
o STATISTICS : detailed or summary statistics on several variables
o P-VALUE : calculate p-value for Z, t, Chi-Square and F statistics
o HISTOGRAM : examine the distribution of a continuous variable
o SCATTERPLOT : examine the relationship between two variables
o TIME-SERIES : examine pattern of a single variable across time
o BOX PLOT : used in detailed statistic on a singe variable
##8
T-TESTS AND ANOVA'S
FOR INDEPENDENT GROUPS OR SINGLE GROUP
--------------------------------------
o Two groups:Student's t-test
o 3 to 10 groups: One way analysis of variance, Newman-Keuls multiple
comparisons performed at the 0.05 significance level.
o t-test and ANOVA from summary data
o Single sample t-test
FOR PAIRED OR REPEATED MEASURES
-------------------------------
o Two time periods or two paired observations:Students t-test for paired
observations.
o 3 to 10 repeated measures: Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance, with
Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons.
##9
NON-PARAMETRIC COMPARISONS
FOR INDEPENDENT GROUPS OR SINGLE GROUP
--------------------------------------
o Two groups:Mann-Whitney U
o 3 to 10 groups: Kruskal Wallis One way analysis of variance, Newman-Keuls
multiple comparisons performed at the 0.05 significance level.
FOR PAIRED OR REPEATED MEASURES
-------------------------------
o Two time periods or two paired observations:Friedman;'s Test.
o 3 to 10 repeated measures: Friedman's ANOVA with Newman-Keuls multiple
comparisons.
##10 Linear regression
LINEAR REGRESSION
o Relating observations, building a prediction equation
o The coefficients for the equation are calculated
o Correlation coefficient and R² are calculated
o Tests for significance of parameters
o Scatterplot, graphical examination of residuals
o Multiple regression on up to 10 independent variables
##11
CORRELATION PROCEDURES
o Calculate Pearson's correlation coefficient on normal data.
o Calculate Spearman's correlation coefficient for non-normal data.
o Calculate a matrix of correlations
o Display a matrix of scattergrams
##12
SURVIVAL ANALYSIS
The Kwikstat LIFE program expects data to be in the following format:
1. A time variable that measures the length of time from the beginning of the
measured event until failure or end of measurment.
2. A censor value (0 or 1) where 1 means that the subject ended in failure
(death), and 0 means that the subject is still being followed (alive).
3. Optionally, there may be a grouping variable. If a grouping variable is
chosen, a statistical test for the comparison of the survival curves will be
calculated.
A life table and survival curve will be generated for each group.
##13