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$Unique_ID{COW04269}
$Pretitle{001}
$Title{United Nations
Chapter 7A. Intergovernmental Agencies Related to the United Nations}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{United Nations Publications}
$Affiliation{United Nations}
$Subject{international
nations
united
development
countries
world
health
organization
bank
member}
$Date{1989}
$Log{}
Country: United Nations
Book: Basic Facts About the United Nations
Author: United Nations Publications
Affiliation: United Nations
Date: 1989
Chapter 7A. Intergovernmental Agencies Related to the United Nations
The intergovernmental agencies related to the United Nations by special
agreements are separate, autonomous organizations which work with the United
Nations and each other through the co-ordinating machinery of the Economic and
Social Council.
Sixteen of the agencies are known as "specialized agencies", a term used
in the United Nations Charter. They report annually to the Economic and Social
Council. They are the Following:
- International Labour Organisation (ILO)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Bank/International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
- International Development Association (IDA)
- International Finance Corporation (IFC)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- Universal Postal Union (UPU)
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established in 1957 "under
the aegis of the United Nations", reports annually to the General Assembly
and, as appropriate, to the Security Council and the Economic and Social
Council.
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is a multilateral
agreement which lays down rules for international trade.
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
The Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was approved
on 26 October 1956 at an international conference held at United Nations
Headquarters, and the Agency came into existence in Vienna on 29 July 1957.
On 14 November 1957, the General Assembly approved an agreement concerning
IAEA's relationship with the United Nations.
Aims and activities. In accordance with its Statute, IAEA's two main
objectives are to seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic
energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world, and to ensure, so
far as it is able, that assistance provided by it, or at its request or under
its supervision or control, is not used in such a way as to further any
military purpose.
IAEA fosters and guides the development of peaceful uses of atomic
energy, establishes standards for nuclear safety and environmental protection,
aids member countries through technical co-operation, and fosters the exchange
of scientific and technical information on nuclear energy.
One of the Agency's main functions is to apply safeguards to ensure that
nuclear materials and equipment intended for peaceful use are not diverted
to military purposes. The IAEA safeguards system is primarily based on nuclear
material accountancy, verified on the spot by IAEA inspectors. Various types
of safeguards agreements can be concluded with IAEA. Those in connection with
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Treaty for
the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Treaty of Tlatelolco) and
the Treaty of Rarotonga (see the section in Disarmament in Chapter II) require
non-nuclear-weapon States to submit their entire nuclear-fuel-cycle activities
to IAEA safeguards.
As of 31 December 1988, there were 168 safeguard agreements in force with
99 States, compared to 166 agreements with 97 States at the end of 1987, a
safeguards agreement with Nigeria Pursuant to the NPT, having entered into
force in February, and unilateral submission agreements with Albania and India
having entered into force in March and September respectively. A unilateral
submission agreement with Spain ceased to be in force in June under the terms
of the agreement.
A safeguards agreement pursuant to a voluntary offer by China to place
some of its civilian nuclear facilities under Agency safeguards was concluded.
Agreements were also concluded with Panama pursuant to the NPT and the
Tlatelolco Treaty, with Saint Lucia pursuant to the NPT, and with the United
States pursuant to Additional Protocol I of the Tlatelolco Treaty.
IAEA advises and assists Governments, at their request, on atomic energy
programmes. The main objective of its technical assistance programme is to
promote the transfer of skills and knowledge so that recipient countries can
carry out their atomic energy programmes more efficiently and safely. It
provides advisers, equipment and training to member States, the majority of
which are developing countries.
Total new resources available for technical co-operation in 1988 amounted
to $45.6 million.
IAEA formulates basic safety standards for radiation protection and
issues regulations and codes of practice on specific types of operations,
including the safe transport of radioactive materials. It also facilitates
emergency assistance to member States in the event of a radiation accident.
The capability of the Agency to perform its functions under the Convention on
Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency and
under the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident was
strengthened, in particular, through arrangements for use of the World
Meteorological Organization's Global Telecommunication System to transmit
measured radiological data. The Agency continued to co-operate with other
organizations in the development of a more uniform approach to the setting of
derived intervention levels for foodstuffs. Radiological data from member
States were collated for use by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the
Effects of Atomic Radiation to assess the radiological impact of the Chernobyl
(Ukrainian SSR) accident.
An expanded safety programme was adopted covering the areas of safety of
nuclear installations, radiation protection, human health, radioactive waste
management, nuclear power, and the nuclear fuel cycle.
Information on virtually every aspect of nuclear science and technology
is collected and disseminated by IAEA through its International Nuclear
Information System in Vienna. With the United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization, it operates the International Centre for
Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and maintains three laboratories for
studies in basic nuclear physics applications and practical uses. The Agency
works with the Food and Agriculture Organization in research on atomic energy
in food and agriculture, and with the World Health Organization on radiation
in medicine and biology.
Administration. IAEA's policies and programmes are directed by the
General Conference, composed of all IAEA's member States, which meets
annually, and by a 35-member Board of Governors.
Director General : Hans Blix
Headquarters: Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna,
Austria.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) was established in 1919,
under the Treaty of Versailles, as an autonomous institution associated with
the League of Nations. An agreement establishing the relationship between ILO
and the United Nations was approved on 14 December 1946, and the organization
became the first spe