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$Unique_ID{COW04185}
$Pretitle{275}
$Title{Zambia
Front Matter}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Irving Kaplan}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{zambia
zambian
economic
copper
government
urban
zambia's
commercial
percent
late}
$Date{1979}
$Log{Global Map*0418501.scf
Figure 1.*0418502.scf
}
Country: Zambia
Book: Zambia, A Country Study
Author: Irving Kaplan
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date: 1979
Front Matter
Foreword
This volume is one in a continuing series of books now being prepared by
the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country
Studies-Area Handbook Program. This book, however, is a reprint of a book
written by members of the research staff of Foreign Area Studies, The American
University. The last page of this book lists the other published studies.
Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country,
describing and analyzing its political, economic, social, and national
security systems and institutions, and the interrelationships of those systems
and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. Each study is written by a
multidisciplinary team of social scientists. The authors seek to provide a
basic understanding of the observed society, striving for a dynamic rather
than a static portrayal. Particular attention is devoted to the people who
make up the society, their origins, dominant beliefs and values, their common
interests and the issues on which they are divided, the nature and extent of
their involvement with national institutions, and their attitudes toward each
other and toward their social system and political order.
The books represent the analysis of the authors and should not be
construed as an expression of an official United States government position,
policy, or decision. The authors have sought to adhere to accepted standards
of scholarly objectivity. Corrections, additions, and suggestions for changes
from readers will be welcomed for use in future editions.
Chief
Federal Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D.C. 20540
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to individuals in various government agencies
and private institutions who gave of their time, research materials, and
special knowledge to provide data and perspective. The authors also wish to
express their gratitude to members of the Foreign Area Studies staff who
contributed directly to the preparation of the manuscript. These persons
include Frederica M. Bunge who, in her capacity as assistant director for
research, reviewed all the textual material; Sheila L. Ross and Diane Ullius
Jarrett, who edited the manuscript; and Harriett R. Blood, who prepared the
graphics. The team appreciates as well the assistance provided by Gilda V.
Nimer, librarian, and Ernest Will, publications manager.
Special thanks are owed to Ramona Hutko who, under the direction of
Michael T. Graham of The American University Department of Art, designed the
cover for this volume, as well as the illustrations on the title page of each
chapter. The inclusion of photographs in this study was made possible by the
generosity of various individuals and public and private agencies. We
acknowledge our indebtedness especially to those persons who contributed
original work not previously published.
Preface
When research for the Area Handbook for Zambia was completed in November
1968, Zambia had been independent for four years, and its economic situation
was good enough to assume that it had the wherewithal and time to carry out
the developmental and nationbuilding program contemplated by its leaders. Five
years later, when the "Summary of Events: November 1968-November 1973" was
written, a variety of difficulties-social, political, and economic-had
appeared, but the sharp drop in world copper prices, the rise in the costs of
imported goods, and the full burden of Zambia's support for the forces
opposing the white minority regime in Southern Rhodesia had not yet made
themselves felt.
This study supersedes the Area Handbook for Zambia, updated in the
"Summary of Events: November 1968-November 1973." The earlier work was
prepared by a team composed of Milena Choumenkovitch, Gordon C. McDonald,
James L. McLaughlin, Barbara Marvin, Harold D. Nelson, and Diane D. Novotny
under the chairmanship of Irving Kaplan. The summary of events was prepared by
Gilda Nimer, Richard Tierney, and Benjamin Nimer under the direction of the
latter.
Zambia: A Country Study is based on a variety of published and
unpublished sources. Some data were provided and ambiguities clarified through
consultation with individuals having firsthand knowledge of Zambia. Some gaps
in information and resulting problems remain, however, and these have been
noted in the text. Given the limits of time and space, some aspects of Zambian
society and culture have been treated briefly or not at all. Where available
books and articles provide amplication of detail or interpretation presented
in a chapter, the author has noted them in a paragraph at the end.
The authors have tried to limit the use of foreign and technical terms.
These are briefly defined where they first appear in a chapter, or reference
is made to the Glossary, included for the reader's convenience.
All ethnic and language names in Zambia originate in Bantu languages
characterized by the use of class prefixes that vary with the language (thus
several Bemba-abaBemba, an individual-umuBemba, the language-iciBemba;
similarly baLozi, muLozi, SiLozi; for the Ndembu, also called Lunda-aLunda,
kaLunda, ciLunda). These prefixes are omitted in this study; the root-e.g.,
Bemba-is used for plural, singular, and language, its reference obvious from
the context.
Many of Zambia's languages have been transcribed in an orthography using
all or part of the international African alphabet. The Zambian government has
officially accepted this standard, but not all usage yet conforms to it. The
letter that may give the reader of this study pause is c, used in the
international alphabet as the equivalent of ch in English. In older sources,
therefore, iciBemba may be seen as ichiBemba. In particular the term citemene,
widely used in Zambia to refer to an indigenous mode of agriculture, is Bemba
in origin and is spelled that way in its language of origin and in many
English-language sources, but sources prepared by Europeans frequently use
chitemene.
All measures are given in the metric system (see table 1, Appendix).
Place-names conform to the usage in the publications of the United States
Board of Geographic Names.
Irving Kaplan
Country Profile
[See Global Map: Map of Zambia on the globe.]
Country
Formal Name: Republic of Zambia.
Short Form: Zambia.
Term for Nationals: Zambians.
Preindependence Political Status: In the late nineteenth century various
parts of what was to become Northern Rhodesia were directly or indirectly
under the control of Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa Company. In 1924
Northern Rhodesia became a British Protectorate, a status formally retained
through the period of the Central African Federation of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland; federation began (despite black African opposition) in October 1953
and was dissolved on December 31, 1963. Zambia became independent on October
24, 1964.
Capital: Lusaka.
Geography
Size: 752,614 square kilometers.
Topography: Largely plateau, some flat, some undulating, most ranging
between 900 and 1,500 meters. Mountainous areas chiefly along borders with
Tanzania (Mbala Highlands in northeast) and Malawi (Mafingi Mountains in
east). Lowlands are rift valleys-Luangwa River Valley in east, middle Zambezi
valley in south-both bounded by escarpments to the north. Most rivers drain
via Zambezi River to Indian Ocean. The network of streams and lakes in the
northeast drains via Zaire River to Atlantic Ocean.
Climate: Cycle of wet and dry seasons and associated vari