Countries of the World/COUNTRYS.BIN/dp/0415/04153.txt

Text File | 1991-06-25 | 6KB | 125 lines

$Unique_ID{COW04153}
$Pretitle{299}
$Title{Yugoslavia
Glossary}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Robert E. Bartos}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{yugoslavia
owned
world

}
$Date{1982}
$Log{}
Country:     Yugoslavia
Book:        Yugoslavia, A Country Study
Author:      Robert E. Bartos
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date:        1982

Glossary

     Cetniks-Resistance group led by Draza Mihailovic, who did not wish to
surrender to the German invaders but who successfully avoided war against
them. Frequently engaged in attacks against the Partisans (q.v.).

     Cominform-Communist Information Bureau, a joint organization formed in
1947 of the communist parties of the Soviet Union, its East European allies,
France, and Italy. Yugoslavia was expelled in 1948.

     Comintern-Third Communist International. Established in 1919 to
coordinate and direct communist parties throughout the world. Abolished in
1943 in response to complaints from the Soviet Union's wartime allies, Britain
and the United States.

     dinar-National currency unit consisting of 100 paras. The dinar has been
devalued frequently over the years. The average yearly value for conversion
purposes expressed in dinars per one United States dollar was:

     1970. . .12.50           1974. . .15.91            1978. . .18.64
     1971. . .15.17           1975. . .17.39            1979. . .19.00
     1972. . .17.00           1976. . .18.19            1980. . .24.91
     1973. . .16.19           1977. . .18.30

     fiscal year-same as calendar year.

     gross material product (GMP)-Also called social product. Consists of the
value added by the productive sectors before deduction of depreciation. GMP
excludes such nonproductive activities as defense, public administration,
finance, education, health, and housing.

     LCY-League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the sole political party of
Yugoslavia. Each republic and province has a league of communists, such as the
league of Communists of Slovenia; there is also a League of Communists of the
Yugoslav People's Army. All these leagues are part of the LCY.

     nation, national, and nationality-Nation refers to those ethnic groups
most of whose traditional territorial homeland lies within Yugoslavia's modern
boundaries, i.e., Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Macendonians, and
ethnic (or Bosnian) Muslims. Nationality or national minority designates those
groups whose homelands lie outside Yugoslavia; the principal national
minorities are Albanians and Hungarians. Although relevant legislation gives
full equality to minorities in culture, public life, and language, the
juridical distinction between nation and nationality plays a significant role
in Yugoslavia's political life.

     nationalism, nationalistic-In contemporary Yugoslavia both refer to the
efforts of the various nations and nationalities (q.v.) in support of their
own cultures and interests and opposed to those of the country as a whole. The
regime views nationalism as a fragmentary force threatening the country's
internal stability; nationalistic tendencies are, therefore, roundly
condemned.

     Partisan-Popular name for resistance forces led by Josip Broz Tito during
World War II. In 1942 adopted formal name of National Liberation Army, but
members better known as Partisans.

     Republic of Ragusa-An area along the Adriatic Coast; existed from
February 18, 1358, to January 31, 1808; officially known as Republica Ragusina
throughout the Middle Ages (in Serbo-Croatian, Dubrovacka Republika). The
republic varied in size from one period to another with Ragusa (Dubrovnik) as
its capital and principal center.

     SAWPY-Socialist Alliance of the Working People of Yugoslavia, also known
as Socialist Alliance. Front organization for the LCY (q.v.).

     self-management-Concept that the employees of firms (or participants in
organizations) possess extensive decisionmaking rights within the framework
of broad guidelines. See socially owned.

     social product-See gross material product.

     Socialist Alliance-See SAWPY.

     socially owned-A legal concept introduced by the Yugoslavs along with
workers' self-management (q.v.). When most of the economy was nationalized in
the late 1940s, the state became owner of the assets exercising ownership
rights for the people. In the 1950s the legal distinction was made that the
nationalized means of production were owned by all of the people and not by
the state or other organizations or institutions. Nevertheless workers'
self-management organizations were granted certain legal rights, such as
registered rights to use farmland, without actual ownership. Workers were also
legally responsible for maintaining the socially owned assets in their care.
It was not clear how claims were handled for socially owned assets when a
bankrupt workers' self-management unit was liquidated.

     sociopolitical communities-Yugoslav term used to refer collectively to
the republics, provinces, and communes as territorial-political units.

     ustase (sing. ustasa)-From the word ustanak, a rising or rebellion.
Members of an extremist Croatian movement that adopted fascist guidelines and
collaborated with German and Italian occupation forces during World War II.
Engaged in genocidal practices against Serbs resident in Croatia and Bosnia
and Hercegovina.

     World Bank-Group of three institutions consisting of the International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Finance
Corporation (IFC), and the International Development Association (IDA);
established in 1945, the World Bank in 1981 was owned by the governments of
approximately 141 countries, which subscribe the institutions' capital. The
IFC works with the private sector in developing countries. The IDA operates in
the same sectors and with the same policies as the IBRD but provides credits
only to the poorer developing countries and on easier terms than those on
conventional IBRD loans.