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$Unique_ID{COW03939}
$Pretitle{295}
$Title{Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Hippocrene Books, Inc}
$Affiliation{Embassy of USSR, Washington DC}
$Subject{per
cent
ukraine
country's
ukrainian
}
$Date{1990}
$Log{Table 11.*0393901.tab
Table 12.*0393902.tab
Table 13.*0393903.tab
}
Country: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Book: USSR Yearbook '90
Author: Hippocrene Books, Inc
Affiliation: Embassy of USSR, Washington DC
Date: 1990
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Area-603,700 sq.km.
Population-51.7 million, of which 74 per cent are Ukrainians, 21 per cent
Russians, 1 per cent Jews and 1 per cent Byelorussians
Capital-Kiev (2,500,000)
Towns and cities-421
The Ukraine lies in the southwest of the country's European part,
stretching for 900 kilometres from north to south and for 1,300 kilometres
from west to east.
Nature. In the north of the Ukraine there are forest lakes. In the south
there are the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, in the west-the Carpathian
mountains, and in the eastern and central Ukraine-black-soil steppelands.
The Ukraine's main minerals are iron, manganese, lead-and-zinc and
titanium ores, and coal. The iron-ore deposit in the Krivoi Rog area produces
half of the country's iron ore. the Donets coalfield is one of the largest in
the country.
Industry includes metalmaking, mechanical engineering,
precision-instrument manufacture, power engineering, chemical production,
mining, construction, aircraft engineering, and the automotive industry.
Altogether there are over 150 industries. The Ukraine meets one-third of the
country's needs for fuel and ferrous rolled stock. It supplies other Union
republics with steel, non-ferrous metals, economy cars and airliners.
There is a series of electric power stations on the Dnieper River.
The Ukraine exports abroad diesel locomotives, aircraft, railcars,
nuclear power plant turbines, heavy forging presses, buses, walking
excavators, and rolling mills.
Agriculture. The Ukraine is the country's largest producer of sugar beets
and sunflower seeds, accounting for 60 per cent and 50 per cent of the total
produced respectively. It produces a quarter of the country's meat, potatoes
and other vegetables, and one-fifth of the grain. Agricultural machinery
industry has helped to mechanize 96 to 98 per cent of all the work involved in
the cultivation and harvesting of cereals, sugar beets and sunflower. The
level of mechanization at cattle farms has exceeded 50 per cent, at pig
farms-60 per cent, and at poultry farms-80 per cent. There are large-scale
irrigation systems in the south.
Science. In 1919, when the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was founded,
there were four research institutions employing 140 scientists. Now there are
78 institutions within the academy system staffed by 82,000 researchers.
Ukrainian scientists have developed methods of beet cultivation not
requiring manual labour; fluid pressure extrusion for metals; industrial
technologies for the production and application of artificial diamonds;
plasma, electron-beam and laser welding under water and in open space; a
robotized turning machine complex which does the job of 700 workers. The
Institute of Electrical Welding and the Institute of Cybernetics are the
country's leading institutions in their fields.
Culture. The Ukraine has produced outstanding literary figures, among
them the prose writers Ivan Franko and Mikhail Kotsyubinsky, and the poets
Taras Shevchenko and Lesya Ukrainka. By UNESCO decisions, their birth
anniversaries were celebrated worldwide. The great Russian writer Nikolai
Gogol was born and grew up in the Ukraine.
There are 89 professional theatres in the Ukraine, 75 of which put on
plays in Ukrainian. The largest of them is the Opera and Ballet Theatre in
Kiev.
The Ukraine is rich in folk poetry, including lyrical, ritual and work
songs, as well as fairy tales. Ukrainian folk ballads are very popular. There
are many groups of bandura players, the bandura being a popular folk
instrument. Musicians, vocalists and dancers are trained at three
conservatoires, several institutes of performing arts, the theatre institute
and the arts institute.
Sports. Soccer is the most popular sport in the Ukraine. Terms of miners
from Donetsk, of metal-makers from Dnepropetrovsk, and of machine-builders
from Kharkov play in the top national division, and Dynamo Kiev is at present
the leader on the Soviet soccer scene. Most players on the Soviet national
team come from Dynamo Kiev. Dynamo Kiev has won national championships twelve
times and the USSR Cup eight times.
[See Table 11.: Per Capita Growth and Productivity Rates]
[See Table 12.: PERCENTAGE OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION]
[See Table 13.: Industrial Output]