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$Unique_ID{COW03895}
$Pretitle{444}
$Title{United States of America
Outstanding Events in American History}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{United States Information Service}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{president
first
states
united
american
november
elected
july
war
april}
$Date{1991}
$Log{}
Country: United States of America
Book: This is America
Author: United States Information Service
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1991
Outstanding Events in American History
1000 Leif Ericson sails to the east coast of North America.
1492 October 12. Christopher Columbus lands in The Bahamas.
1607 Colonists establish first permanent English settlement at Jamestown,
Virginia.
1619 July 30. House of Burgesses, America's first elected legislature,
meets at Jamestown.
1620 Mayflower Compact establishes government by majority will in
Massachusetts settlement of Plymouth.
1636 October 28. America's first college, Harvard, is founded at
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1647 Massachusetts School of Law lays foundation for free public
education.
1735 Freedom of the press is recognized in New York with acquittal of
editor John Peter Zenger on charges of libel.
1754 French and Indian War begins. At war's end in 1763, France cedes
Canada and upper Ohio valley to Britain.
1774 September 5. First Continental Congress opens in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, "to consult upon the present unhappy state of the colonies."
1775 April 19. First shots of the American War of Independence are fired
at Lexington, Massachusetts.
1776 July 4. The 13 colonies sign Declaration of Independence.
1777 October 17. British force under General John Burgoyne surrenders at
Saratoga, New York.
1778 February 6. France enters into a military alliance with the United
States.
1781 October 17. General Charles Cornwallis surrenders British army at
Yorktown, Virginia, to combined Franco-American forces under command of
American general, George Washington.
1783 September 3. Britain and U.S. sign Treaty of Paris recognizing
American independence. New nation extends from Canada south to Florida, and
west from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River.
1786 August 15. Shays' Rebellion of debt-ridden farmers begins after
Massachusetts legislature adjourns without heeding their petitions.
1787 May 25. Constitutional Convention meets in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, to revise Articles of Confederation, the compact among states
governing the newly independent nation. New Constitution is adopted by
delegates on September 17.
1789 February 4. George Washington is elected first president.
1791 First 10 Amendments, the Bill of Rights, are added to the U.S.
Constitution.
1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin to separate seeds from cotton.
1794 Congress passes first postal service law.
1796 John Adams is elected second president.
1800 Thomas Jefferson is elected third president.
1801 December 1. Federal capital moves to Washington, D.C., from
temporary quarters in Philadelphia.
1803 Supreme Court, in Marbury v. Madison, asserts right to declare laws
unconstitutional.
Purchase of Louisiana Territory from France doubles U.S. land area.
1804 Lewis and Clark expedition starts exploring the northwest
territories of the Louisiana Purchase.
1807 Robert Fulton makes first successful steamboat trip.
1812 War of 1812 against Britain begins. United States wins series of
naval victories but fails in attempts to invade Canada. British burn Capitol
and White House in August 1814.
1814 December 24. Treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812. Unaware of treaty,
British attack New Orleans, Louisiana, in January 1815 but are defeated.
1818 United States and Great Britain agree on unfortified border between
Canada and United States.
1819 United States buys Florida from Spain.
1820 May 3. Missouri Compromise passes Congress. Maine enters Union as
free state. Slavery allowed in Missouri but prohibited west of Mississippi
River and north of 36 degrees 30' latitude.
1823 Monroe Doctrine asserts opposition to future colonization of
American republics by European nations.
1825 Erie Canal opens, connecting Great Lakes to Hudson River and
Atlantic Ocean.
1828 Andrew Jackson is elected seventh president.
First U.S. passenger railroad is begun.
Noah Webster publishes American Dictionary of the English Language.
1833 Hussey reaper, followed by McCormick reaper in 1834, revolutionizes
harvesting of grain crops.
1836 Texas wins independence from Mexico; it is admitted as a state to
the Union in 1845.
1839 Charles Goodyear discovers process for vulcanization of rubber.
1840 Edgar Allan Poe publishes the short story collection, Tales of the
Grotesque and Arabesque.
1844 Samuel F. B. Morse sends first telegraph message from Washington,
D.C., to Baltimore, Maryland.
1846 Mexican War begins. Treaty signed in 1848 cedes American Southwest
and California to the United States.
1850 Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes The Scarlet Letter.
1851 Herman Melville publishes Moby Dick.
1854 Republican Party is formed in Wisconsin.
Kansas-Nebraska Act voids Missouri Compromise and leaves issue of slavery
in territories to settlers.
1855 Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass.
1857 March 7. Dred Scott decision by the Supreme Court holds that
Congress cannot bar slavery from territories, nor can slaves be citizens.
1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected 16th president.
December 20. South Carolina, rapidly followed by six other southern
states, secedes from Union in reaction to election of Lincoln, who opposes
extension of slavery into western territories. These states organize the
Confederate States of America.
1861 April 12. First guns are fired in Civil War at Union installation at
Fort Sumter, South Carolina, over question of southern states' right to secede
from the Union.
1862 Law establishes land-grant colleges in each state for advanced study
in agriculture and the mechanical arts.
1863 January 1. President Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
granting freedom to slaves in southern states.
July 1-3. Union forces win major battle at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
July 4. Confederate garrison at Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrenders,
giving Union forces complete control of Mississippi River.
November 19. President Lincoln delivers historic Gettysburg Address.
1864 Union forces under General William Sherman march through Georgia,
taking Atlanta, September 1.
1865 April 9. Civil War ends with surrender of Confederate general,
Robert E. Lee, to Union commander, Ulysses S. Grant, at Appomattox Court
House in Virginia.
April 14. President Lincoln is shot while attending theater in
Washington; Lincoln dies the next morning.
Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution forbids slavery and
involuntary servitude.
1867 Territory of Alaska is purchased from Russia.
1868 Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution forbids states to deny
equal rights to any citizen.
1869 May 10. Golden spike unites Central Pacific and Union Pacific
railroads at Promontary, Utah, forming first transcontinental railroad.
1870 Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution forbids denial of right to
vote on basis of race or color.
1872 Congress creates first national part-Yellowstone in Wyoming.
1878 First telephone exchange opens.
1879 Thomas A. Edison invents incandescent electric lamp.
1881 President James Garfield is shot by assassin; Vice President Chester
A. Arthur succeeds him.
1885 Mark Twain publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
1889 Twenty-one American republics form Pan-American Union to seek unity
of action in international rel